Nephrology Mnemonics

 

 

Polycystic kidney: genetic marker "P" is the 16thletter of the alphabet.· Autosomal dominant Polycystic kidney disease is associated withabberation on the 16th chromosome.

Glomerular disease with a reduced complement level PELICAN:Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritisEndocarditis (sub-acute)Lupus erythematosusIdiopatic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritisCryoglobulinemiaAbscess (visceral)Nephritis

Renal tubular acidosis: type with common nephrocalcinosisThe stONE (nephrocalcinosis) is common in type ONE.

Urinary incontinence: differential DIAPERS:DeliriumInfectionAtrophic urethritis and vaginitisPharmaceuticals/ PsychologicExcessive urine outputRestricted mobilityStool impaction

Metabolic waste products retention: clinical features ABCDEFGHI:Apathy/ Anorexia/ AnemiaBleedingConfusion/ ComaDizzinessEmesis/ Edema of the lungFitsGastrointestinal bleedingHiccupsInfection

Hematuria: differential HEMATURIA:Hereditary (PCK and OWR) / Henoch Schonlein purpuraEmbolism (infective endocarditis)Malignant HTNAcute and chronic glomerulonephritis / IgA nephropathyTumors / Trauma / Toxic drugsUrolithiasisRenal papillary necrosisInfection (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis)Anti-coagulants

Nephrectomy: indications 4 T's:TraumaTumorTBTransplantation

Urinary incontinence: causes of acute and reversible DRIP:DeliriumRestricted mobility/ Retention

Inflammation / Infection/ Impaction [fecal]Pharmaceuticals / Polyuria· "Drip" is convenient since it is urinary incontinence, so urine only dripsout.

Nephrotic syndrome: causes for secondary nephrotic syndromeDAVID:Diabetes mellitusAmyloidosisVasculitisInfectionsDrugs

Pyelonephritis (acute): predisposing factors SCARRIN' UP:Sex (females <40, males >40)CatheterizationAge (infant, elderly)Renal lesionsReflux (vesciouteral)ImmunodeficienctNIDDM, IDDMUrinary obstuctionPregnant· Acute pyelonephritis heals by scarrin' up the area (pyelonephritic scar).

Epididmyitis: bacterial causes CENT:Chlamydia trachomatisE. coliNisseria gonorrhoeaeTuberculos bacteria

Hydronephrosis: differential · Unilateral is PACT:Pelvic-uteric obstruction (congenital or acquired)Aberrant renal vesselsCalculiTumours of renal pelvis· Bilateral is SUPER:Stenosis of the urethraUrethral valveProstatic enlargementExtensive bladder tumourRetro-peritoneal fibrosis

Testicular atrophy: differential TESTES SHRINK:TraumaExhaustional atrophySequelaeToo little foodElderlySemen obstructionSex hormone therapyHypopituitarismRadiationInflammatory orchitisNot descendedKleinfelter's

Dialysis: indications AEIOU:Acid-base problems (severe acidosis or alkalosis)Electrolyte problems (hyperkalemia)IntoxicationsOverload, fluidUremic symptoms

Enlarged kidneys: causes SHAPE:SclerdermaHIV nephropathyAmyloidosisPolycystic kidney diseaseEndocrinophathy (diabetes)

Prostatism: initial symptoms "Prostatism is initially FUN":FrequencyUrgencyNocturia

Renal Cell Cancer (RCC): genetic marker "RCC" equals three. Or, "C" is the third letter of the alphabet.· RCC is associated with genetic abberations on the third chromosome (VHLgene)