dental mnemonics

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Dental Mnemonics Here are certain Mnemonics which i have found over the net and jotted them down onto this one place for a quick review just before the exam day. These are a mix of all subjects i ll keep updating this blog with new Mnemonics on the top, so keep visiting for new Mnemonics :) Updated 2/05/2014 Eruption of permanent teeth "Mama Is In Pain, Papa Can Make Medicine" 1st Molar - 6 yrs 1st Incisor - 7 yrs 2nd Incisor - 8yrs 1st Premolar - 9yrs 2nd Premolar - 10yrs Canine - 11 yrs 2nd Molar - 12yrs 3rd Molar - 18 - 25 yrs Dyspepsia symptoms ALARM Symptoms Anaemia (iron deficiency) Loss of weight Anorexia Recent onset of progressive symptoms Melaena / haematemesis Swallowing difficulty If dyspepsia and either >55yrs or ALARM S ymptoms then ENDOSCOPY Syphilis characterized by 4 stages-primary ,secondary ,latent ,tertiary!! Primary syphilis-PRAISE P-painless lesion R-regional lymphadenopathy A-cArtilagenous consistency of lesion ... I-indurated lesion S-single lesion E-exudation with discharging serous fluid

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Dental Mnemonics

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Page 1: Dental Mnemonics

Dental MnemonicsHere are certain Mnemonics which i have found over the net and jotted them down onto this one place for a quick review just before the exam day. These are a mix of all subjectsi ll keep updating this blog with new Mnemonics on the top, so keep visiting for new Mnemonics :)

Updated 2/05/2014 Eruption of permanent teeth 

"Mama Is In Pain, Papa Can Make Medicine" 

1st Molar - 6 yrs1st Incisor - 7 yrs2nd Incisor - 8yrs1st Premolar - 9yrs2nd Premolar - 10yrsCanine - 11 yrs2nd Molar - 12yrs3rd Molar - 18 - 25 yrs

Dyspepsia symptoms

ALARM Symptoms Anaemia (iron deficiency) Loss of weight Anorexia Recent onset of progressive symptoms Melaena / haematemesis Swallowing difficulty

If dyspepsia and either >55yrs or ALARM Symptoms then ENDOSCOPY

Syphilis characterized by 4 stages-primary ,secondary ,latent ,tertiary!!Primary syphilis-PRAISEP-painless lesionR-regional lymphadenopathyA-cArtilagenous consistency of lesion... I-indurated lesionS-single lesionE-exudation with discharging serous fluid

Secondary-CAMPC-condylomata lataA-associated lesions(opthalmic,osseous,meningeal)M-mucocutaneous lesion,mucous patchesP-pruritic papules

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Latent-+ve serology;no clinical manifestation

Tertiary-CLASSC-cardiovascular disorderL-late benign sypillis(gummata)A-asymptomatic nuerosyphilisS-symptomatic nuerosyphillisS-single lesionE-exudation with discharging serous fluid

Ulcerative colitis (UC) complications

How To Perform Gi Colonoscopy Haemorrhage Toxic megacolon Perforation / Pseudopolyps Gallstones / Gangrene

Colorectal carcinoma (if extensive and lasting >10 years)

(UC features)

ULCERS IN ABDomen

Ulcers (mucosal and submucosal) Large intestine involved (rectum always involved) Clubbing of fingers Extra-intestinal manifestations (e.g. Erythema nodosum) Remnants of old ulcers (pseudopolyps) Stools bloody Inflamed, red granular mucosa/submucosa Neutrophil invasion Abscesses in crypts Biochemical markers of inflammation e.g. ESR raised Diarrhoea (esp. in pancolitis)

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Ulcerative colitis treatment options

SAACS

Steroids – oral prednisolone or IV hydrocortisone if severe 5-Aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA) e.g. mesalazine, sulfasalazine Azathioprine (immunosuppressant) Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant) Surgery if perforation, cancer or poor response to medical therapy

Hyperkalaemia causes

7 A‘s Artifact Aldosterone antagonist Addison’s disease Acidosis ACE inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blocker Anti-inflammatory

Treatment (if >7mmol/L) is 10mL of 10% calcium gluconate IV over 1 minute; to stabilize the action potential of the cell membrane.

How Gastroenterology Doctors Visualise Inside The Duodenum

Haematemesis Gastric biopsy (?cancer) Dyspepsia Vomiting, persistent Iron-deficiency anaemia Therapeutic e.g. banding, sclerotherapy, stent, laser therapy Duodenal biopsy

LYMPHOMA TREATMENT:

Page 4: Dental Mnemonics

Hodgkin’s LymphomaABVD

Adriamycin

Bleomycin

Vinblastine

DacarbazineNon-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

R-CHOP

Rituximab

Cyclophosphamide

Hydroxydaunorubicin

Oncovin (Vincristine)

PrednisoloneSplenomegaly cause

CHINA

Congestion – portal hypertension

Haematological – haemolytic anaemia, sickle cell disease

Infection – malaria, EBV, CMV, HIV

Neoplasm – CML, myelofibrosis, lymphoma

Autoimmune – RA, sarcoidosis, amyloidosisCauses of Massive splenomegaly (three M’s):

chronic Myeloid leukaemia

Myelofibrosis

Malaria

CANCER, NINE WARNING SIGNS

CAUTION

C hange in blood bowel or bladder habits

Anemia (unexplained)

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U nsual bleeding or discharge, Unexplained weight loss

T hickening or lump in breast or elsewhere

I ndigestion or difficulty in swallowing

O bvious change in wart or mole

N agging cough or hoarseness, No healing of sore.

Non GIT causes of Vomiting :

ABCDEFGHI:Acute renal failureBrain [increased ICP]Cardiac [inferior MI]DKA Ears [labyrinthitis] Foreign substances [Tylenol, theo, etc.]Glaucoma Hyperemesis gravidarum Infection [pyelonephritis, meningitis]

Cardiovascular risk factors

FLASH BODIES:

Family historyLipidsAgeSexHomocystinaemiaBlood pressureObesityDiabetes mellitusInflammation (raised CRP)/ Increased thrombosisExerciseSmoking

Causes of gastric carcinoma

JAPAN'S SHAME:

Japanese

A Blood group

Pernicious anemia

Anemia-chronic atrophic gastritis

Page 6: Dental Mnemonics

Nitrates

Smoked,Salted food,Scurvy,Surgery gastric

H.pylori

Adenomatous polyp

Menetrier's disease:glanduar hyperplasia

Drugs causing pancreatitis

GLAD Organ Pancreas iS Traumatised n Destroyed Very Much

Glucocorticoids

L-asparaginase

Alcohol

Diuretics

Ocp's

Pentamidine

Sulfonamides

Didanosine

Tetracyclines

Valproate

Methyldopa

Neurology 1

Absent ankle jerks but extensor plantars Sex can make the F*ing ankles DorsiflexSubacute combined degeneration of the cordConus MedullarisMotor Neurone disease

Page 7: Dental Mnemonics

Tabes dorsalisFredreich’s AtaxiaDiabetic neuropathy

Altered Mental State AEIOU TIPSAlcohol (drugs), Endocrine, Insulin, Opiates, UreamiaToxins / trauma / tumour, Infections, Psychosis / Porphyria, SOL / stroke / seizure / shock

Cerebellar signs VANISH DDTVertigo, Ataxia, Nystagmus, Intention tremor, Slurred speech, HypotoniaDysdiadocokinesia, Dysmetria, Titubationor PINARDSPast-pointing, Intention tremor, Nystagmus, Ataxia, Rebound, Dysdiad, Slurred SpeechConfusion DIM FACESDrugs / Dehydration, Infection, Metabolic / MI,Fracture / Failure, Alcohol / Anaemia, CVA, Electrolyte disturbances, S.O.L.

Dystrophia Myotonica BIG CHIPSBalding (frontal), Intellectual impairment, Glucose intoleranceCataracts / Cardiomyopathy, Handshake / Hyporeflexia, ↓IgG, Ptosis, Small gonads

Mononeuritis Multiplex DRAW CLAPSDM, RA, AIDS, WegenersCarcinomatosis / Churg-Strass, Leprosy, Amyloid, PAN, SLE

Multiple sclerosis CURSED HIVCerebellar signs, UMNL, Retrobulbar neuritis, Spastic paraparesis, EuphoriaDementia / Depression / DiplopiaHorners, Incontinence, Vertigo / Vomiting

Muscles supplied by Median Nerve LOAFLumbricales, Opp pollicus, Abd pollicus, Flex pollicus brevis

Neuropathic Ulcers TADSTabes Dorsalis, Alcohol, DM, Syringomyelia

Parkinsons PARKINSONSPill rolling, akinesia, rigidity, kyphosis, instability, neck titubation, shuffling

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gait,occulogyric crisis, nose tap (glabellar), small writing

Peripheral neuropathy DANG THE PAPISTDM, Alcohol, Nutrition (B1, B2, B12), Guillian BarreTrauma, Hereditary, Environmental (lead, drugs)Paraneoplastic, Amyloid, Porphyria, Inflammatory, Syphilis, Tumours of nerves (HMSN)

Polyneuropathy VITAMINSVit def / vasculitides, infection (TB, leprosy, syphillis, polio)Toxins (amiodarone, antiseptics, INH, lead, metronidazole, phenytoin, vincristine)Amyloid, Metabolic (alcohol, DM, ↑thyroid, porphyria, liver & renal failure),Idiopathic / Inherited, Neoplasm, Systemic (SLE, PAN, multiple myeloma)

clinical features 4 tension pnemothorax

5 TTachypnoeaTachycardiaTympanic note on percussionTotal absence of breath soundsTracheal shift

Compliance of lungs factors

COMPLIANCE:

Collagen deposition (fibrosis)Ossification of costal cartilagesMajor obesityPulmonary venous congestionLung sizeIncreased expanding pressureAgeNo surfactantChest wall scarringEmphysema

Page 9: Dental Mnemonics

International Color Coding IV Canula (size order)!

Oh God. Why Goku Punched Bulma Yesterday.

Orange 14 GGrey 16 GWhite 17 GGreen 18 GPink 20 GBlue 22 GYellow 24 G

 

Causes of asterixis (flapping tremor)

[[ DRUGS (ABC) FAILED Helping Him ]]

DRUGS (ABC) :- Alcohol- carbamazepine

FAILED :- respiratory failure- liver failure- renal failure

Helping : [[[ H = HYPO ]]]- hypoglycemia- hypokalemia- hypomagnesemia

Him : [[[ H = HEMORRHAGE ]]]- intracerebral hemorrhage- subarachinoid hemorrhage- subdural hematoma

- Barbiturate

Beneficial actions due to PG synthesis inhibition 5 A'sAnalgesia : Prevention of pain nerve ending

Page 10: Dental Mnemonics

sensitizationAntipyresis Antiinflammatory AntithromboticArteriosus-Ductus closure in Newborns (Its infact Ductus Arteriosus but to fit in mnemonic Arteriosus ductus is used here)

Xylocaine: Where not to use with Adrenaline?"Digital PEN"Digits (Fingers and toes)Penis Ear Nose tipAdrenaline causes vasoconstriction which helps to trap Xylocaine (anaesthetic) locally prolonging its duration of action. The two are not used together at sites supplied by end arteries as the vasoconstriction produced by adrenaline can cause ischemic necrosis of the tissues.Adrenaline is also referred to as Epinephrine.Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) diagnostic criteria

MD SOAP BRAIN Malar rash – butterfly rash, sparing of nasolabial folds Discoid rash – basement membrane involved, may cause scarring Serositis – pleuritis/pericarditis Oral ulcers Antinuclear antibody (ANA) – very sensitive test Photosensitivity – skin rash to sunlight Blood – haemolytic anaemia, leukopaenia, thrombocytopaenia Renal disorder – proteinuria and cell casts Arthritis – symmetrical, involving 2+ small or large peripheral joints Immunological disorder – anti-dsDNA Neurological – seizures, psychosis

STRUCTURES THROUGH SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURELOT of FANs for OPHTHALMIC MEN..L-lacrimal nerveO-oculomotor nerveT-trochlear nerve

F-frontal nerveA-abducens nerveNs-nasociliary nerve

OPHTHALMIC-ophthalmic

Page 11: Dental Mnemonics

veins(sup.&inf.)MEN-meningeal br.of Lacrimal Artery-middle meningeal anastomotic br

Branches of Facial Nerve:

 Great Nerve Cut Can Produce Motor Palsy. 

G- Greater superficial petrosal nerve

N- Nerve to stapedius

C- Corda tympani

C- Communicating branch

P- Posterior auricular nerve

M- Muscular branches to stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric

P- Peripheral branches

Functions of lateral v/s medial pterygoid muscles  

Look at how your jaw ends up when saying first syllable of lateral or medial!La: your jaw is open now ,so lateral opens mouthMe :your jaw is still closed ,so medial closes the mandible

Vein without valve

 

I-internal jugular v. ,

Page 12: Dental Mnemonics

 

P-pulmonary.v ,

 

S-superior venacava,

 

S-sinuses of brain

 

 

Retro-Peritoneal Organs

RAPID SUCK

R=Rectum (2/3)A=Abdominal AortaP=PancreasI=Inferior VenacavaD=Duodenum

S=Supra-renal GlandU=UreterC=Colon(ascending & descending )K=Kidney

Inferior Vena Cava tributaries

'' I Like To Rise So High''

I- IlliacsL- LumberT- TesticularR- RenelS- Supra renelH- hepatic vein

Page 13: Dental Mnemonics

Internal jugular vein: tributaries ” Medical Schools Let Confident People In”:

From inferior to superior:Middle thyroidSuperior thyroidLingualCommon facialPharyngealInferior petrosal sinus

Horner's Syndrome: Components

SAMPLE:

Sympathetic chain injuryAnhidrosisMiosisPtosisLoss of ciliospinal reflexEnophthalmos

Branches of Subclavian Artery

VITamin C,D

V-vertebral arteryI- internal thoracic arteryT- thyrocervical trunk(VIT-frm 1st part in both sides) C- costocervical trunk (frm 1st part in left; frm 2nd part in right)D- dorsal scapular artery (frm 3rd part)

G6PD: oxidant drugs inducing hemolytic anemia

Page 14: Dental Mnemonics

AAA:Antibiotic (eg: sufamethoxazole)Antimalarial (eg: primaquine)Antipyretics (eg: acetanilid)BUN:creatinine elevation: causes

ABCD:Azotremia (pre-renal)Bleeding (GI)Catabolic statusDiet (high protein parenteral nutrition)Porphyrias

5 P's:Pain in abdomenPolyneuropathyPsychologial abnormalitiesPink urinePrecipitated by drugs

Hemoglobin binding curve: causes of shift to right

"CADET":CO2Acid2,3-DPG (aka 2,3 BPG)ExerciseTemperature

Fabry's disease

FABRY'S:Foam cells found in glomeruli and tubules/ Febrile episodesAlpha galactosidase A deficiency/ AngiokeratomasBurning pain in extremities/ BUN increased in serum/ BoysRenal failureYX genotype (male, X linked recessive)SphingolipidosesDiabetes- complications KNIVESKidney, Neuropathy, Infection, Vascular, Eyes, Skin lesions

Hypoglycaemia RE-EXPLAIN 

Page 15: Dental Mnemonics

Renal failure, exogenous, pituitary, liver failure, alcohol, infection, neoplasm (insulinoma)

Phaeochromocytoma 4PsPain, pallor, palpitations, perspiration

Down syndrome pathologyDOWN:Decreased alpha-fetoprotein and unconjugated estriol (maternal)One extra chromosome twenty-oneWomen of advanced ageNondisjunction during maternal meiosis

Tissues which don't need insulin for glucose uptakeBRICKLE

B for brain R for RBCs

I intestine C cornea K kidney L liver E excercising sk muscleBlood Clotting Factors

"Foolish People Try Climbing Long Slopes After Christmas Some People Have Fallen"

Factor I = Fibrinogen Factor II = Prothrombin Factor III = Tissue factor Factor IV = Calcium Factor V = Labile factor Factor VI - Does not exist as it was named initially but later on discovered not to play a part in blood coagulation. Factor VII = Stable factor Factor VIII = Antihemophilic factor A Factor IX = Antihemophilic factor B or Christmas factor (named after the first patient in whom the factor deficiency was documented) Factor X = Stuart Prower factor Factor XI = Antihemophilic factor C Factor XII = Hageman factor Factor XIII = Fibrin stabilising factor 

Citric Acid Cycle

Page 16: Dental Mnemonics

Can - citrateI - isocitrateKeep - ketoglutarateSelling - succinyl CoASmile - succinateFor - fumarate Money - malateOfficer? - oxaloacetate 

Hyperthyroidism Signs and SymptomsTHYROIDISM 

TremorHeart rate upYawning (fatiguability)RestlessnessOligomenorrhea/ amenorrheaIntolerance to heat DiarrhoeaIrritabilitySweatingMuscle wasting & weight loss

Alkalosis vs Acidosis Direction of pH and HCO

ROME:

Respiratory= Opposite:· pH is high, PCO2 is down (Alkalosis).· pH is low, PCO2 is up (Acidosis).

Metabolic= Equal: · pH is high, HCO3 is high (Alkalosis).· pH is low, HCO3 is low (Acidosis) 

Bilirubin levels increase causes:"HOT Liver"

Hemolysis Obstruction Tumor Liver disease 

Phenylketonuria: which enzyme is deficientPHPhenylalanineHydroxylase

Page 17: Dental Mnemonics

vental mesentry : forms LOF ( Ligament teres , Lesser Omentum, Falciform ligament )

hypersensitivity reactions :ACID type I : (A)naphylactic type II : (c)ytotoxic type III : (I)mmune complextype IV : (d)elayed hypersensitivity

Functions of thalamic nuclei (Lateral to Look; Median for Music)1. Lateral Geniculate nucleus - Visual2. Median geniculate nucleus - Auditory

Neuroectoderm derivatives:: neurosurgeon is a OPANAR of CNS 

O: Oligodentrocytes P: Pineal gland N: Neurohypophysis A: Astrocytes R: Retina and optic nerve

Superior mediastinum contents:::::PVT Left BATTLE---Phrenic nerveVagusThoracic ductLeft recurrent laryngeal nerveBrachiocephalic veinAortic arch and its 3 branchesThymusTracheaLymph nodes EsophagusPOSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM sructures---there r four birds--esophaGOOSE(esophagus)vaGOOSE nerveazyGOOSE veinthoracic DUCK(duct)The four fates of Pyruvate: GALA

GlucoseAlanineLactateAcetyl Co-AParotid gland: Secretomotor pathway

" IT has Lesser Options Anywhere "Inferior salivatory nucleusTympanic branch of 9th nerveLesser petrosal nerveOtic ganglion

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Auriculotemporal nerveClassification of GLUTSGLUT 1 : R.B.Cs and BBB , GLUT2 : liver , low affinity , high km , high Vm , GLUT3: NEURONS ,, GLUT4: skeletal muscle , adipose tissue , regulated by insulin . , GLUT5 : transport fructose into intestine and testis 

pituitary gland hormons: GP FLAT: it is for acidophilic and basophilic hormones so it gonna be (Gp.A.) ( B.FLAT) saturated FA: ABC ( Arachidic acid. Butyric,Caproic and capric )segmental RNA :: BOAR ( Bunyavirus , Ortho , Arena , Reo )major mineral ::: 2P 2S 2C phosphate , phosphor , sulfer , sodium , choline and calcium(A)ndy (E)ats (G)lucose & (C)alcium and gets fat . for fat soluble hormones .ANDROGEN ESTROGENGLUCOCORTICOIDCALCITEROLGo Have Some Pizza Extrinsic muscles of tongue GenioglossusHyogloStylogloPalatoglo"CUT down the pyramids" cytosine, uracil, and thymine are all pyrimidines.Pure Ag (silver) - purines A and G

HIS LARGE ( +VE charged ) GLASS (-ve)histidine , lycine , arginine . glutamate and aspartate

Take My Salary " tryptophan, methionine, and selenocysteine are coded by just one codon

amino acids with aromatic group : HTTP Histidine , tryptophan , tyrosine , phenyl alanineTender loving care for nancy- thyamine , lipoic acid , Co A , FAD , niacin - coenzymes of PDHsugars containing aldehyde group : FLM GGglucose,galactose,maltose,lactose,fructose

foramen Ovale contents : OVALE otic ganglion V3 accessory meningeal artery lesser petrosal nerveemissary vein

Trust Me Tom-3 determinants of occlusion-Teeth,Muscles & TMJ

12 Cranial Nerves: Oh Oh Oh, To Touch and Feel Very Good Velvet, Such Heaven! 

Olfactory Optic Oculomoter Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal

Some Say Money Matters, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More''' I –

Page 19: Dental Mnemonics

Sensory-- II – Sensory-- III – Motor-- IV – Motor --V – Both-- VI – Motor --VII – Both-- VIII – Sensory-- IX – Both-- X – Both --XI – Motor-- XII – Motor

Branches of Maxillary division (CN V): "Ms. Piz-o"....... Middle meningeal Sphenopalatine Posterior superior alveolar InfraOrbital Zygomatic

Magendie foramen is the Medial aperture.Luschka foramen is the Lateral apertureChoroid Creates CSF.Arachnoid granules Absorb CSF.

O God Drunk & Druggy Nanny!!! Thank God Nanny took Huge Vacation!!!! 

O God Drunk & Druggy Nanny!!!5 requirements for occlusal stability- O: Centric Occlusion, G: Anterior Guidance, D: Disclusion of posteriors during protusive movement , D: Disclusion of posteriors on non working side, N: Non interference of posteriors on working side.

Thank God Nanny took Huge Vacation!!!!! 5 requirements for equilibrium of masticatory system-T: TMJ should be stable,G: Anterior Guidance,N: Non interference of posteriorsH: Horizontal harmony (of teeth with neutral zone)V: Vertical harmony ( of teeth with repetitive strength of closing muscles)

In both of these mnemonics, G & N are common!!My Aunty Reminds My UncleTerminal nerves of brachial plexusMasculocutaneusAxillaryRadialMedianUlnar

STYLO-FACE:exit of cranial nerve 7 (FACEial NERVE ) STYLOmastoid foramenforamen spinosu(Mmmm) contents (M)iddle meningeal artery and vein (M)eningeal branch of mandibular nerve

carotid (S)inu(S) -- pre(SS)ure -- (S)tretch receptorscarotid b(O)dy -- (O)xygen -- chem(O)receptors

minor minerals : 2i ( iodine , iron ) , zi , ni , sistreptococci hemolysis:Alpha--Almost(incomplete) Beta--Best (complete) Gamma--Garbage (none)

Crazy Glue (number of hydrogen bonds in DNA and RNA Three between Cytosine and

Page 20: Dental Mnemonics

Guanine other base pairing only TWO)

Types of Collagen :SCAB,Type !:Skin,Bone,tendon ,and dentin. Type II: Connective tissue, Type III: Arteries ,Type IV: Basement membrane

Proteins expressed in smooth muscle"Can Cause Contraction"Calmodulin Caldesmon Calponin

dArk - Aband , l I ght - I bandHAZI : H=A band ; Z= I band

sub clavian artery branches :::: VIT C & D vertebral artery internal thoracic artery thyrocervical trunk costocervical dorsal scapular artery

DIG dysphasia ,iron def anemia, glositisPlummer Vinson s

Contents of pterygopalatine fossaPoor men naughty peoplePterygopalatine branch of maxillary arteryMaxillary nerveNerve of pterygoid canal Pterygopalatine ganglion

Inferior vena cava tributaries -- I Like To Rise So high Iliacs lumbar testicular renal suprarenal hepatic vein

SOME LADIES FIND ALL OLD POOR MEN SEXY-branches for external carotid arterySuperior thyroidLingualFacialAuriculotemporalOccpitalPosterior auricularMaxillarySuperficial temporal

CCK FUNCTION : CCC-Contraction of Callbladder(Gallbladder )TC DAD GINGIVAL GROUP OF FIBRESTRAnseptal,, circular,, dentogingival ,,dentoperiosteal ,,alveologingivalFacial nerve branches :The zebra bit my cow temporal zygomatic 

Page 21: Dental Mnemonics

buccal mandibular cervical retroperitoneal viscera is SAD PUCKER, or DUKE CRAPS:S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)A = Aorta/IVCD = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )P = Pancreas (only head, neck, and body are retroperitoneal)U = Ureters C = Colon (only the ascending and descending colons, as transverse and sigmoid retainmesocolon)K = Kidneys E = Esophagus R = Rectum

Eosinophils ( red ) raise red flags when there is wormspicoRNA : RNA virus ( p=polio c=coxsacchie r= rhino a= hep A Virus )

INTERLEUKINS: Famous Tom Buys Expensive Apple, Apple Needs Seasoning Nowdays; IL1- Fever,  IL2- T proliferation,  IL3- Bone marrow(hemopoietic),  IL4- IgE class switch, IL5- IgA class switch,  IL6- Acute Phage Reactants,  IL8- Neutrophil chemotaxis, IL10- supress inflammation,  IL12- NK activation

VIRchow":Vascular traumaIncreased coagulability Reduced blood flow (stasis)

Alpha-Hemolytic bacteriaSweet Salad Made for Veterans.Streptococcus Salivarius.S.SanguisS.MutansS.Viridans.

Essential amino acids : PVT TIM HALL Phenylalanine , Valine , Tryprophan , Threonine , isoleucine , methionine , histidine ( semiessential ) , arginine ( semi) , lycine , leucine

Non essential amino acids : (A)lmost (a)ll (g)irls (g)o (c)razy (a)fter (g)oing (t)o (s)ao (P)aulo alanine , aspargine , glutamate , glutamate , cysteine , aspartate , glycine , tyrosine , serine , proline

KREBS CYCLE : Can I Keep Selling Sex For Money, OfficerCitrate, Isocitrate, alpha Ketoglutarate, Succinyl CoA, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate.

Staphylococcus aureus: diseases caused SOFT PAINS: Skin infections Osteomyelitis Food poisoning Toxic shock syndrome Pneumonia 

Page 22: Dental Mnemonics

Acute endocarditis Infective arthritis Necrotizing fasciitis Sepsis

Streptococcus pyogenes: diseases caused NIPPLES: Necrotising fasciitis and myositis Impetigo Pharyngitis Pneumonia Lymphangitis Erysipelas and cellulitis Scarlet fever/ Streptococcal Toxic shock syndrome

Sympathetic NS-fight / flight n ParasymNS-rest n digestStimulatory function of PNS-mneumonic SLUDD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion and defecation)

Histoplasmosis Hidden in oHio and hit Mississippi. Hidden ( in macrophages) and occurs in ohio and Mississippi River... so its common in ohio and Mississippiwhat is present in each structure of ethmoid bone  (FLS)cribri(F)orm plate : ol(F)actory (f)oramina perpendicu(L)ar p(L)ate : crista ga(LL)i lateral ma(SS)e(S) : ethmoidal (S)inu(S)e(S) 

MEDIAL WALL OF ORBIT:My Little Eye Sits in the ORBITMaxilla (frontal process)LacrimalEthmoidSphenoid (body)

CARTILAGE DERIVATIVE OF FIRST PHARYNGEAL ARCH:

I’M A Super Sexy GiniIncusMalleusAnterior ligament of malleusSpine of sphenoidSphenomandibular ligamentGenial tubercle of mandible

kisselback plexus : GLASS greater palatine artery , lateral nasal artery , anterior ethmoidal artery , sphenopalatine artery , superior labial artery.

PHeochromocytoma: Pressure, and Headache

No Cover Round.....nonmembranous organelles :ribosome cytoskeleton nucleoulus

RNA enveloped viruses" Dont Forget To Order Rich Peoples Rice Fries and Coke BottleDelta virusFlavivrus

Page 23: Dental Mnemonics

TogavirusOrthomyxovirusRetrovirusParamyxovirusRhabdovirusFiloviruscoronavirusBunyavirusNon. enveloped RNA viruses. CPR : calcivirus , picornavirus , reoviruses

Types of Flavivirus:To taste the FLAVours of JAPANESE Hen(Chicken) i went to the DEN in theWEST dressed YELLOW "

Flavivirus- Japanese encphlts virus, HCV , dengue virus , West Nile virus , yellow fewer virus

For live accentuated virusROME Is My Best Place To go Yet ! "RubellaOral polio vaccineMeaslesEpidemic typhusInfluenzaMumpsBCGPlagueTyphoid oral vaccineYellow fever

Except L. DATTA all bacilli r gram -ve (Listeria, diphth,actinomycetes,tb,tetanus clost, anthrax bacillus)to rememberconyloma lata and condyloma accuminata Lata - syphLLis - fLat - pappuLes - L is everywhere 

acuminata = accumulated papillae = papilloma virus

Non-Lactose Fermenters:"If you dont lac-toes you can work as a Sneaky SPY"Salmonella ShigellaProteusYersinia

Fast Lactose Fermenters:"If you lac-toes at least you have a KnEE"Klebsiella PneuEcoliEnterobacter Cloacae

Slow Lactose Fermenters:"Lac-toes or not, one should move slow in a Serene City"Serratia marcescensCitrobacterFor heat killed vaccines - How Is Jack In CAR.(Hepatitis A n B , Infleunza , Japenese encephalitis , Ipv , cholera , anthrax , rabies)

Page 24: Dental Mnemonics

AUTOSOMAL Dominant disorders mnemonic

DOMINANT

D= Dystrophicas Myotonic.O= Ostogenesis Imperfecta.M= Marfans syndrome.I= Intermittent Porphyria.N= Noonans Symdrome.A= Adult Polycystic Kidney,Achondroplasia.N= Neurofibromatosis.T= Tuberous sclerosis.

PANCREATITIS IS SEEN IN ( GET SMASHed)

G-  Gall stones

Page 25: Dental Mnemonics

E-   Ethanol

T-   Trauma

S-    Steroids

M-    Mumps

A-Autoimmune d/s

S -Scorpion sting

Hed-   Hyperlipidemic drugs

mnemonic for the signs and symptoms of endocarditis is FROM JANE:FeverRoth's spotsOsler's nodesMurmurJaneway lesionsAnemiaNail hemorrhage (splinter hemorrhages)Emboli

Beefy red tongue - niacinBeefy - (n)onveg - (n)iacin def 

Magenta tongue - riboflavinMagenta- (r)ed - (r)iboflavin def

Verisella Zoster Virus needs DR and CARE (VZV remain latent in dorsal root (DR) and Cranial Nerve ganglia (CARE )

Prokaryotes:::MaRK prokaryotes Mycoplasm ,Rikettsiae, Klymadia(chylamadia)

Girls Get Fat First, Get Drunk Blowing Psycho Perverted People Perpetually.1. Glucose2. Glucose-6-p3. Fructose-6-p4. Fructose-1,6-bis-p5. G3P + Dihydroxyacetone-p6. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate7. 3-phosphoglycerate8. 2-phosphoglycerate9. phosphoenolpyruvate10. pyruvate.

ABC'S Aortic arch gives off the Bracheiocephalic trunk, the left Common Carotid, and the left Subclavian artery

Three trisomies

Page 26: Dental Mnemonics

Puberty age 13 Patau trisomy 13Election age 18 Edwards trisomy 18Drinking age 21 Downs syndrome 21

Start and Stop Codons AUG in AUGurates protein syntesis UGA = U Go Away UAA = U Are Away UAG = U Are Gone

Orbit: bones of medial wall My Little Eye Sits in the orbit Maxillae Lacrimal Ethmoid Sphenoid

Facial nerve branches VII1)Posterior auricularafter Stylomastoid foramen- Twin Zebras Bit My Cookie

TemporalZygomaticBuccalMandibularCervical

Carotid sheath contents "I See 10 CC's in the IV":I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)CC = Common Carotid arteryIV = Internal Jugular Vein

Enzymes: classification "Over The HILL":OxidoreductasesTransferasesHydrolasesIsomerasesLigasesLyase

Organisms which can cross blood-placenta barrier''TORCHES''TOxoplasmosis Rubella Cytomegalovirus HErpes, HIV Syphilis

DiGeorge/ Velocardiofacial syndrome: features CATCH 22:Cardiac abnormalities

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Abnormal faciesThymic aplasiaCleft palateHypocalcemia

"Go Sally Go! Make Chicken!":G1 phase (Growth phase 1)S phase (DNA Synthesis)G2 phase (Growth phase 2)M phase (Mitosis)

Macrocytic anemia: causesABCDEF:Alcohol + liver diseaseB12 deficiencyCompensatory reticulocytosis (blood loss and hemolysis)Drug (cytotoxic and AZT)/ Dysplasia (marrow problems)Endocrine (hypothyroidism)Folate deficieny/ Fetus (pregnancy)

Heart valve sequence "Try Pulling My Aorta":TricuspidPulmonaryMitralAorta"All Patients Take Medicines"

Starting from top left

Aortic- 2nd intercostal space, right sternal edgePulomnary- 2nd intercostal space, left sternal edgeTricuspid- 4th Intercostal space, right sternal edge

Mitral- 5th intercostal space, mid clavicular line.Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia

"PARTNER" together:

Platelet count lowAnemia (microangiopathic hemolytic)Renal FailureTemperature riseNeurological deficitsER admission ( as it is an emergency)

Movement of Muscles of Eye Ball• “OR” means O is on left side and R is on right side at the Top and bottom of diagram. 

• LM (alphabet series) – Lateral is on left side and Medial is on right side with R on both side.

• “IS IS” – Clockwise starting above lateral part or from (2nd quadrant). 

• All SUPERIOR causes Intorsion, Rest causes Extorsion.

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Causes of Deep Vein ThrombosisTHROMBOSISTraumaHormones - OCP'sRecent MIOperatns- cholecystectomyMalignancy (pelvic & abd.)Blood disorder(polycythemia), Behcets diseaseObesity, Old age, Ortho. surgerySplenectomyImmobilisationSerious illness

WBC Count:"Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas""60, 30, 6, 3, 1"Neutrophils 60%Lymphocytes 30%Monocytes 6%Eosinophils 3%Basophils 1%

live attenuated vaccinesBOYs Love The CRIME

B= BCG

O=OPV

Y=YELLOW FEVER

Love= LIVE ATTENUATED

The= TYPHOID

C=CHICKEN POX

R=RUBELLA

I=INFLUENZA

M=MUMPS,MEASLES

E=EPIDEMIC TYPHUS

Viruses gastroenteritis

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(RACE)RotavirusAstrovirusesCalicivirusesEnteric adenoviruses

Little's area: Arteries" LEGS "L - superior L abial arteryE - anterior E thmoidal arteryG - G reater palatine arteryS - S phenopalatine arteryThe four arteries anastamose at Little's area to form avascular plexus called Kiesselbach's plexus.

Branches of Vagus nerve"APE-SCRAP"A- Auricular nerveP- Pharyngeal nerveE- Esophageal plexusS- Superior laryngeal nerve (Gives internal 'sensory' andexternal 'motor' LN)C- Cardiac branchesR- Recurrent laryngeal nerveA- Anterior Vagal TrunkP- Posterior Vagal Trunk

Alkalosis: Metabolic changes

Think: "Al-K-loss & Al-Ca-loss"Thus, in a stateof alkalosis, there is lossof K+ causing, Hypokalemia andloss of Ca++ causingHypocalcemia

Oncogenic viruses :DNA viruses'HE is my PAPa' [mnemonic]Hepatitis B virusEpstein Barr virusPox virusAdenovirusPappilloma virus

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RNA viruses [mnemonic]'His Salary Feeds Me'Human T cell leukemia virusSarcoma virusesFeline Leukemia virusMammary tumor virus

Clinical Features Of Acromegaly:A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-JA Arthropathy B Big boggy handsC Carpal tunnel syndrome D DiabetesE Enlarged tongue, heart and throatF Fields (bitemporal hemianopia)G Gynaecomastia, Galactorrhoea and Greasy skinH HypertensionI Increasing size (of shoes, hat, gloves, dentures, rings)J Jaw enlargement and prognathism

PORPHYRIA'S : acute intermittent porphyria symptoms5 P’s:* Pain in abdomen* Polyneuropathy* Psychologial abnormalities* Pink urine* Precipitated by drugs (eg barbiturates, oral contraceptives,sulpha drugs)