natural values, organization and management of plitvička jezera
TRANSCRIPT
Natural values, organization and management of Plitvička jezera National Park
Krešimir Čulinović, e-mail : [email protected] Plitvička Jezera, – September 15 th, 2016.
-Situated in the geographical middle of Croatia - 140 km south of Zagreb, Croatian capital - Area where can be meet beauty of carstic landscape - Amazing game of water and stone
SITUATION OF PLITVIČKA JEZERA NATIONAL PARK
- Proclaimed on 8th of April 1949 - First Croatian natural site on UNESCO World Heritage List entered in 1979 - Enlarged in 1997 (aprox.10000 ha) - Park area: 296,85 km²
THE OLDEST CROATIAN NATIONAL PARK
- Water surfaces take less than 300 hectars (0,74%) of Park area - Crna rijeka, Bijela rijeka, Rječica, Jezera, Korana - According to geological base Lakes are divided on upper (dolomite) and lower lakes (limestone canyon) - Park area is abundant with biodiversity of flora & fauna at 43 different habitats of which 21 are rare
“PARK OF WATER”
PLITVIČKA JEZERA
Foto Archive of Plitvička jezera NP
Tufa /Travertine / Tuffeau calcaire
Ca(HCO3)2 splashing
CO2 + H2O + CaCO3 (sedra)
- IUCN Category II UNESCO World Heritage Site - Enlargement in 1997 accepted
- NATURAL CRITERIA (vii) „contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance” (viii) „is an outstanding example representing major stages of Earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landscapes, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features” (ix) „is an outstanding example representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, costal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals”
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE
Characterized by an exceptional wealth of biodiversity large number of taxa more than 1400 species and subspecies more than 58 orchid species around 12 species of amphibians and around 12species of reptiles out of the total 65 known species of small vertebrates, 7 of them are on the IUCN endangered species list more then 50 species of small mammals more than 320 buterfly species and 80 species of cadsflyes more than 161 species of birds – 9 species of owls Park is a habitat of large carnivoras: bear, wolf, lynx and wild cat Important area of National ecological network – Natura 2000 area
BIODIVERSITY
Forests
- Takes about 2/3 Park area (23 000 ha) - Important for preservation of lake waters and belonging ecosystems
- Provide Lakes of water erosion
- The most represented tree species is beech tree (73%) - Second represented fir tree (22%)
- All other tree species (5%) ------ Biodiversity - Forestry communities: beech forest with great death nettle (Lamio orvale – Fagetum), beech and fir forest (Omphalodo- Fagetum)
- Refuge for many thermopile plants
Forests
- Forests in the National Park's territory are not managed nor are used to obtain lumber. (IUCN Category II) - Under extraordinary circumstances (fire, insect infestations, breakage caused by snow, ice or wind, etc.) the appropriate activities are undertaken in cooperation with the relevant institutions. Pursuant to the Nature Protection Act, it will be necessary to draft the Forest Ecosystem Conservation Program as a component of the Management Plan
Čorkova uvala Virgin Forest
- Čorkova uvala -special reserve of forest vegetation
- Primeval beech and fir forest
- All development phases of European beech and fir forest
-optimal phase -growing old phase -decomposition phase -rejuvenation phase -phase of young forest
Čorkova uvala Virgin Forest
Tree species Diameter (cm)
High (m)
Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) 148 57,80 Norway spruce (Picea abies
Karst.) 108 48,90
Common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) 93 39,80
Anić & Mikac, 2009
Forests The following major forest associations are present in the PLNP: - Beech and fir forests (Omphalodo - phagetum) - Spruce forests with white sedge on dolomite (Carici albae – Picetum) - Beech forests with giant dead nettle (Lamio orvale – Fagetum) - Hop hornbeam with heather (Erico herbaceae – Ostryetum) - Scots and black pine forest with hellebore on dolomite (Helleboro nigri-Pinetum sylvestris) - Hop hornbeam forest and underbush with autmn moor grass (Seslerio autumnalis Ostryetum) - Beech forest with white sedge (Carici albe – Fagetum) - Dinaric fir forest on limestone blocks (Calamagrosti – Abietetum)
Natural and cultural resources of Plitvice Lakes represent base for touristic development: -water & tufa - as basic phenomena -flora & fauna -forests of natural structure and origine -meadows & grasslands -cultural heritage
BASES FOR TOURISTIC DEVELOPMENT
Developed visitor infrastructure: -system of paths & wooden bridges -panoramic vehicles (buses, electric boats) -mountaineering tracks -cycling tracks -presentation of park area & education
Visitors Challenge - The number of sold entrance fees
IVO PEVALEK RESEARCHES – TRIBUTE TO UNDERSTANDING PHENOMENA OF TRAVERTINE DAMS CREATION
Plitvička jezera represent biodynamic system in which very important role have got tufa forming plants or travertine forming communities… Just in progressive condition of that biodynamic system lies the future of Plitvice Lakes… There are waters, lakes, waterfalls and forests can be found in other places and yet, Plitvice Lakes are the only one in the world. Ivo Pevalek, 1926
IVO PEVALEK RESEARCHES – TRIBUTE TO UNDERSTANDING PHENOMENA OF TRAVERTINE DAMS CREATION
Thank you for your attention and patience!
Krešimir Čulinović Meng in Forestry