PR

IMA

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Natural Science

Richmond

Natural Science 2 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence Ruiz.

WRITER Caroline Cooke

MANAGING EDITOR Sheila Tourle

PROJECT EDITOR Geona Edwards

EDITOR Vassilia Katte

PROOFREADING Jane Drummond James Price

ILLUSTRATIONS Juanjo Barco Mercedes Rodríguez-Piñero

1

Contents

Unit Natural Science Syllabus Topics

1 We are all different

4

People and health Parts of the body Everybody is different

2 The senses and movement 12

People and health The five senses Bones and joints

3 Nutrition 22

People and health What we need to live Respiration

4 Plants 32

Living things Living things and non-living things Parts of a plant

5 Animals 42

Living things Vertebrates and invertebrates Mammals and birds

6 Ecosystems 52

Living things Living things are different What is an ecosystem? Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

7 Materials 62

Matter and energy Natural and man-made materials Properties of materials

8 Forces and energy

72

Matter and energy Forces Types of forces Gravity

9 Machines 82

Technology, objects and machines Types of machines Machines and jobs Machines: past and present

FINAL REVISION

Project: A medicinal plant book

Atlas of the human body

The three Rs

2 two

Topics Know how to Songs

We grow, we change

Expressing feelings

Resolve a conflict

Muscles

Looking after your body

Plan an exercise routine What’s inside your body?

Digestion

A healthy diet

Complete a healthy diet questionnaire

What’s good to eat?

Types of plants

How plants reproduce

Describe a plant Everywhere you look

Reptiles, amphibians and fish

Invertebrates and insects

Identify animal tracks The wonderful world of animals

Life cycle

Life in ecosystems

People and ecosystems

Study an ecosystem

Weight and volume

Materials change

Do a scientific experiment Let’s make something

Energy and energy sources

Sound

Identify forces How does it work?

Computers

The Internet

Explain how a torch works

3three

What animals can you see in the forest?

What animals can you see in the water?

How many seagulls are flying?

Where is the coral, on the land or in the sea?

SPEAKING. Tell your partner about a seaside place you know. What animals live there?

Ecosystems6

KNOW HOW TO

FINAL TASK

Study an ecosystem.

rocks

seabed

forest

beach

52 fifty-two

Living things are different

1 Look at the picture and classify the living things.

rabbit

pine trees

lynx

dolphin

seagulls

jellyfish

fish

in the forest

on the beach and rocks

in the sea

2 What do all living things need? Choose and complete the sentence.

food ice water salt sunlight fire air

A”l¬ livin@ thingfi >æe∂ .

3 Different living things live in different places. Where do these animals live? Write.

a river

a desert

a forest

the sea

. . . .

Living things are different and have different needs because they live in different places.

A dolphi> li√±fi i> A lyn≈A caµe¬ A crocodi¬æ

53fifty-three

What is an ecosystem?

fifty-four

1 WORK WITH THE PICTURE. Look at the jungle and the pond. What living things can you see? What non-living things can you see?

There are many different natural areas on our planet, for example forests, deserts and lakes. Each different area is an ecosystem.

An ecosystem is made up of:

Living things. These include all the animals and plants.

Non-living things. These include the soil, the air, the rocks and water.

ecosystem

non-living things living things

Some ecosystems, such as jungles, are very big. Other ecosystems, such as ponds, are small.

jungle pond

54

fifty-five

An ecosystem is made up of living things and non-living things.

2 Look at this ecosystem and write.

living things

non-living things

3 Write T (true) or F (false).

An ecosystem is made up of living things and non-living things.

An ecosystem only includes animals and plants.

Plants are part of the non-living things in an ecosystem.

There are many different ecosystems on Earth.

4 Which animals live in this ecosystem? Look and circle.

6.1

North Pole

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6

Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

fifty-six

Terrestrial ecosystems

In forests, trees provide shelter and food for the animals.

Grasslands are big, flat grassy areas. Many herbivores live there.

In deserts there is little rain, so not many living things live there.

Aquatic ecosystems

Saltwater ecosystems are in seas and oceans.

Freshwater ecosystems are in rivers and lakes.

There are two types of ecosystems: terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems.

1 WORK WITH THE PICTURE. Choose one of the ecosystems. What living things live there? What non-living things can you see?

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fifty-seven

There are two types of ecosystems: terrestrial ecosystems, such as forests and deserts, and aquatic ecosystems, such as seas and rivers.

2 What type of ecosystem is it? Write terrestrial or aquatic.

3 Which ecosystem do these animals live in? Write.

desert

sea

grassland

4 IN YOUR NOTEBOOK. What ecosystems are there near where you live? Write the living and non-living things you can find there.

6.2

dromedarywater buffalo

octopus

wildebeestscorpion

whale

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6

Life in ecosystems

fifty-eight

Living things in ecosystems depend on each other for food. For example, rabbits eat grass and foxes eat rabbits. These living things form a food chain.

1 GROUP WORK. Which animals are in danger of extinction in your region? Make a poster to show the class.

Living things in an ecosystem join together to help each other.

For example, wildebeest travel together in a group to protect each other from lion attacks.

People and ecosystems

Some people can damage ecosystems. They cut down trees. They leave rubbish on the ground. They pollute the air and water.

Some people look after ecosystems. They protect animals in danger of extinction. They plant trees and recycle rubbish.

rabbit foxgrass

58

fifty-nine

Living things in an ecosystem depend on each other. People should protect and look after ecosystems.

2 Look at the food chain and answer the questions.

What does the eagle eat?

What does the snake eat?

What does the mouse eat?

Are these animals carnivores or herbivores? Write.

mouse snake

eagle

3 How can we protect ecosystems? Tick (✓) the good actions and cross out (✗) the bad actions.

We can cut down the trees.

We can look after the animals living there.

We can light fires.

We can take away our rubbish.

We can plant trees.

We can build houses.

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6

KNOW HOW TO

Study an ecosystem

1 Look at this ecosystem and write.

living things

non-living things

2 What kind of ecosystem is it? Tick (✓).

a forest a desert grassland

3 Look at the picture and write an example of a food chain.

4 What problem is there in this ecosystem? Read and circle.

There is not much water / sunlight. The animals and plants can / cannot live without it.

60 sixty

6

1 What do all living things need? Write.

2 Read and complete the text.

food

living

shelter

non-living

An ecosystem is made up of and

things. The living things depend on each other for

and .

3 Name these ecosystems.

REVISION

4 Choose one of these activities:

A. Make a poster about a protected natural area where you live.

B. Search the Internet for information about savannahs. What type of ecosystem are they?

SHOW YOUR SKILLS

61sixty-one