NATURAL HAZARDS,

MITIGATION,ADAPTATION

INTRODUCTIONNATURAL HAZARDS

Events that occur as a part of the natural cycles of Earth and may cause damage to a community.

The disruption of the normal functioning of a community is called disaster.

VUNERABILITY

Defines by the United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction-

It refers to the “characteristic and circumstances of a community, system, or asset that make of it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.”

HAZARDS CAUSED BY GEOLOGIC PROCESSEARTHQUAKES

a. Ground ShakingGround shaking or ground motion, a principal cause of the partial or total collapse of structures, is the vibration of the ground caused by seismic waves during an earthquake.b. Surface FaultingSurface faulting is the offset or tearing of the ground surface by differential movement along a fault during an earthquake. C. TsunamisVery high, large waves or seismic sea waves caused by the sudden movement of the ocean floor.

HAZARDS CAUSED BY GEOLOGIC PROCESS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

a. Lahars and FloodsA lahar (or mudflow) is a flowing slurry of volcanic debris and water that originates on a volcano. The eruption of a snow-covered volcano can melt enough snow to cause a lahar.b. Lava Flows and DomesFluid lava forms long thin flows on slopes and flat-topped lava lakes in flat areas and topographic depressions, while viscous lava forms short stubby flows on slopes and steep-sided domes around their vents. In either case lava flows seldom threaten human life because they move slowly and their path can be predicted.

Volcanic Eruption may only be predicted a week or days before occurrence. Despite Philippines being part of the Ring of Fire.

HAZARDS CAUSED BY GEOLOGIC PROCESSLANDSLIDES

Occur in a sloping terrain. It can be triggered by rainfall or earthquake.

1. Rainfall-induced- caused by heavy rains that can loosen soil and makes the foundations of the structures weak.

2. Earthquake-induced- occurs during or after an earthquake due to gravity.

Earthquakes may either be a natural occurance or man-made.

PREVENTION MANAGEMENT of GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

PREVENTION MANAGEMENT of GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

What to Do Before an Earthquake

Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery-powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries at home.

Learn first aid.

Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity.

Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake.

Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll fall during a quake).

Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and appliances to the walls or floor.

Learn the earthquake plan at your school or workplace.

What to Do During an EarthquakeStay calm! If you're indoors, stay inside. If you're

outside, stay outside.

If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the center of the building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from windows and outside doors.

If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or anything that might fall. Stay away from buildings (stuff might fall off the building or the building could fall on you).

Don't use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas lines and fire don't mix.

If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car until the earthquake stops.

Don't use elevators (they'll probably get stuck anyway).

PREVENTION MANAGEMENT of GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

What to Do After an EarthquakeCheck yourself and others for injuries. Provide first

aid for anyone who needs it.

Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors, leave immediately, and report it to the authorities (use someone else's phone).

Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an emergency.

Stay out of damaged buildings.

Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your feet.

Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).

Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after the ground has stopped shaking.

Stay away from damaged areas.

If you're at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in charge.

Expect aftershocks.

PREVENTION MANAGEMENT of GEOLOGICAL HAZARDSMANAGING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

1. Take note of surroundings.

2. Gather all members of household.

3. Put together an emergency supply kit.

4. Put important things on containers etc. preventing from ashfall.

5. Follow instruction of local authorities.

Volcanic activities is being watched by the- Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology or PHILVOCS

PREVENTION MANAGEMENT of GEOLOGICAL HAZARDSMANAGING LANDSLIDES

1. Plant more trees.

2. Build channels for diversion of mudflow

3. Put together an emergency supply kit.

4. Put important things on containers etc. preventing from ashfall.

5. Follow instruction of local authorities.

If landslides occur without warning:

1. Stay alert

2. Be attentive

3. Stay away from lower elevations or paths of debris

4. Take shelter under sturdy table or structure.

Hazards caused by Hydrometeorological PhenomenaFACTS:

Intertropical Convergence Zone

-the area that encircles the Earth near the equator where trade winds meet.

The Philippines is in the Northern Hemisphere, near the equator.

PAGASA or Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services and Administration- the govern ment agency that provides information on meteorological, astronomical and climatological activities in the Philippine territory.

Common Hydrometeorological Phenomenon

1. Tropical Cyclones-

Typhoons (Northwest Pacific) or hurricanes (Atlantic and Northeast region) are storm system characterized by rapid spiraling storms, low-pressure center, and intensely strong winds.

Cyclones can increase the Strength of winds, which may cause tropical depression (45-62 km/h), storm (63-117 km/h), a typhonn (118-239 km/h), and a super typhoon (240 km/h or higher).

Hazards caused by Hydrometeorological Phenomena

2. Monsoons

These are seasonal winds. The Philippines expect two monsoons every year:

Amihan - or northeast monsoon is characterized by cold gusty winds with little precipitation. It begins in early Sptember - May or June. Winds vlow in the east.

Habagat- or southwest monsoon is characterized by hot and humid atmosphere with fequent or heavy rainfall. It begins in June snd Ends in August or September. Winds blow in the west

3. Tornado

Locally known as ipo-ipo. It is a rapidly swirling condensation funnel whose narrow end comes in contact with the ground. It usually carries debris and other objects that can be picked up from the ground.

Tornadoes occur anywhere in an average number of 12-24 times a year.

Characterized by:

Storm

Debris

Fire

Hazards caused by Hydrometeorological Phenomena

Common Coastal Hazard COMMON COASTAL

HAZARDS:Coastal Erosion

Submersion

Storm Surges

Saltwater Intrusion

Coastal areas are transition places between land and sea. These areas are considered low-lying. It is very dynamic, It interacts with all natural systems and proocesses that happened on land, in the marine environment and in the atmosphere.

Submersion-s the sustainable cyclic portion of coastal erosion where coastal sediments move from the visible portion of a beach to the submerged near shore region, and later return to the original visible portion of the beach. The recovery portion of the sustainable cycle of sediment behaviour is (accretion).

Coastal Erosion

-is the wearing away of land and the removal of beach or dune sediments by wave action, tidal currents, wave currents, drainage or high winds (see also beach evolution).

Saltwater Intrusion-Saltwater intrusion is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. Saltwater intrusion occurs naturally to some degree in most coastal aquifers, owing to the hydraulic connection between groundwater and seawater.

Storm Surges

-is a rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones, intensestorms also known as typhoons or hurricanes. The storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore, which can lead to flooding. This makes storm surges very dangerous for coastal regions.

Coastal Hazard-prone areas in the PHLocal government units in areas that are ranked extremely high in susceptibility to landslide and flooding are advised to immediately relocate the residents of these zones to safer areas. Especially typhoons that can cause coastal hazards.

The figure shows the areas prone to coastal hazard.

Prevention and Management of Marine and Coastal Hazards

1. Prepare and emergency survival kit.

2. Create an evacuation plan.

3. Know where the evacuation center is and how to get there.

4. Listen to news from any means.