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Ü T O U M S r o N A T O « - S E C R E T -1

NATO COPY N O . ______

M.C. 32/1

, 1 9 % R E S T R IC T E D

1 - 10 Incl.

\,,,n REPORT BY THE MILITARY COMMITTEE

^ i : : . . , , » n w k u s s h d .NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL Per fa»thwiJMSM--13i)jl24—

----Piton

CRITBRTA FOR CONVERSION OF PROGRAMMED NATO AIRFIELDS . CONVERSION OF NATIONAL AIRFIELDS

AND CONSTRUCTION OF NEW SQUADRON AIRFIELDS

References: a. AG 6l6O AD« 28 Jul 55b„ M.Ce 60, 9 'Feb 56c. S.Go 137/45(Final), 26 Aug 55d. AG 6161/S-5OO/55 LOG, 22 Oct 55 .e. SHAPTO 1051, 7 Oct 55f . STAND 1444 i. SHAPTO 1110h. SHAPTO 1165

THE PROBLEM

1. To consider Criteria for Conversion of Programmed NATO

Airfields, Conversion of National Airfields and Construction of New

Squadron Airfields as submitted by SACEUR in reference d and to

submit recommendations to the North Atlantic Council.

BACKGROUND

2. By reference a SACEUR proposed a new policy for the

Improvement of Fosture for his Air Force Units to meet the atomic

threat. Amongst other things this policy called for a greater

dispersion of SACEUR's Air Force Units and a consequent provision of

additional airfields and modifications of airfield criteria previously

approved. Subject to minor amendments, this policy was accepted by

the Standing Group as a basis for planning and forwarded to the

Military Representatives Committee for its approval (reference b).

3. In order to facilitate the implementation of SACEUR's policy

and to avoid considerable loss of time pending the elaboration and

approval of new criteria, the Standing Group has, by reference ç ,

DIST; A C D F Gl-3 Jl

S B e S B T— NATOM . C . 3 2 / 7 - 1

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agreed on interim criteria to be used for conversion of programmed

NATO airfields where certain work had previously been suspended, con­

version of n a tional airfields and construction of new squadron

airfields,

4, SACS UR, after discussions with host and user nations,,

submitted to the Standing Groupy by reference revised and detailed

criteria and requested early approval. Because of the urgency, both

from the operational viewpoint and from the financial one, that the

construction of NATO airfields should not be further delayed, the

Standing Group approved, by reference £, subject to certain changes

and clarifications, SACEUR’s proposals* This approval was given ©n

an interim basis for the period ending 1 June 1956 and subject, to

final recommendations by the Military Representatives Committee and

decision by the Council,

5* Included in SACEURrs proposals is a recommendation to pro­

vide eertain mobile facilities from NATO Common Infrastructure funds

and in this connection SACEUR requested, by reference e, that

special recommendations should be made to the North Atlantic Council,

' DISCUSSION

6, The paragraphs and conclusions of reference b that

particularly influence the criteria and standards are summarized as

follows♦ .

â« Expand the presently programmed NATO airfield complex

through the following measures î

(1) Convert all the presently programmed NATO

redeployment and alternate airfields either to NATO

squadron main or squadron redeployment airfields, to be

capable of full operational use either continuously in

peacetime or in an alert, and assign them for primary use

of specifically designated NATO squadrons,

(2) Improve and/or construct sufficient additional

facilities at available and suitable national airfields to

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accommodate specifically designated NATO squadrons for

joint use with a national air activity.

(3) Improve former airfield sites not now active for

NATO squadron main or redeployment airfields.

(4) Develop squadron satellite airfields near present

wing main airfields where possible, for deployment of one

or two of the squadrons based at wing main airfields.

b. Reduce the ground vulnerability of units to atomic

and conventional attack by:

(1) Perm:j,nen'c dispersal of facilitj.es for airfields

except hangars and buildings associated with aircraft •

maintenance, to a dispersed site at a distance of at least

sevsn kilometers; sad'

(2) Developing the ability to move quickly equipment,

non-flyable aircraft and less essential personnel as far as

possible off the airfield.

cm The implementation of the measures set out in

paragraphs 7 through 10 of reference b will be governed to a

considerable extent by many considerations, particularly those

which relate to the financial, land procurement and other

limiting national capabilities and resources of the countries

concerned.

7 . It is concluded in reference b that the objectives and

measures for the improvement and further development of the posture of

SACEUR's presently forecast air force units outlined in paragraph 6

above form a satisfactory basis for NATO and national actions through

i960 and for as long as they are valid thereafter. In this connection,/

planning for airfields required in 1961 would have to be started so

that the requirements could be tabled in the 9th Slice (1958) Infra­

structure Program. Thus, if any revision of the criteria and stan­

dards is required as the result of- technological progress, the

position should be reviewed, particularly in 1957.

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8. In the same general sphere as information contained in

paragraph 6 above, it should be noted that the minimum goal for basic

dispersal deployment is generally a separate airfield for every

squadron of more than 18 aircraft and at least an airfield for every

two squadrons of 18 aircraft or less„ This is the minimum goal, the

maximum goal being generally an airfield per squadron, regardless of

squadron size, where this is reasonably obtainable.

9 o In considering detailed criteria and standards, it is

necessary to bear in mind SHA P E 's proposals on priorities for con­

struction submitted in reference As a basis for planning, the

Standing Group agrees with these proposals and wishes particularly

to draw attention to SACEUR!s proposal to implement? as a matter of

first priority, the displacement to or duplication at a dispersed site

of wing operations and communications facilities. The Military Comm­

ittee considers that a much lower priority should be accorded to the

displacement or duplication of personnel housing administrative and

supply facilities. In this connection, the provision of these

facilities at a wing main airfield should be held in abeyance until

such time as the minimum criteria has been satisfied at its related

squadron airfields»

10. By reference SACEUR has requested that special consider­

ation be given to the question of providing mobile accommodation for

certain operations, communications and workshop facilities out of

infrastructure funds. The Military Committee supports the proposal that

such facilities should be mobile so as to decrease the vulnerability

of units and increase the flexibility of their deployment. For

maximum economy and efficiency, the mobile accommodation for each unit

should be designed to fit the equipment and operating procedures of

that unit. Within currently accepted rules, mobile facilities do not

qualify for financing out of NATO Common Infrastructure funds. The

Military Committee recognizes that the question of how such facilities

should be financed Is a matter for Council decision and suggests that

the Council examine the matter in detail. The attention of the

*SiäG8E£~~ NATO - L ~M/C. 3277

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Council is drawn to the fact that the present requirement for mobile

facilities is a direct consequence of the new dispersal policy and

therefore this particular aspect should be considered.

11. Item 7 of the Criteria and Standards3 reference d, tables

a requirement for internal roads* By reference h, SACEUR has recom­

mended that roads to be provided from infrastructure funds at single

squadron airfields should be limited in area to 38,000 square meters.

In the exceptional case where a new road to the dispersed site is

required it would not be included in this limiting area. The

Military Committee concurs.

12. SACEUR has proposed that, where status of constructions

permitsj flying control facilities at w ing main airfields should be

provided in mobile units. Of the 91 presently approved wing main

airfields, 33 are less than 75% complete. No doubt on some of these

33 airfields flying control facilities have not yet been completed

and under the present proposal only mobile facilities would be pro­

vided. Howeverj some of these wing main airfields will continue to

be occupied as such for some time and be required to accommodate two

or three squadrons. It is considered that the consequent number of

air movements on such an airfield would require a higher degree of

local flying control than could be provided from mobile units and

therefore fixed type facilities should be provided.

13. A requirement for a circulating taxi-track has not been sub­

mitted as it is possible to operate a comparatively small number of

aircraft from airfields without this facility and. its deletion from

the criteria will effect a large financial saving. However, there

are definite operational advantages in providing a circulating taxi­

track. Such advantages include the speeding up of aircraft movements

on the ground, the provision of a possible means for emergency take­

offs and landings and the provision of better road connections between

the two parking aprons. Whereas under normal circumstances the

financial gains outweigh the operational advantages of providing a

circulating taxi-track, there will no doubt be, in certain

■ SEGHPÆ- - NATOM .C. 32/7 - 5 -

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.mnrmm M A ^ A T> FTIT?»■feKOKST- - NATO Pi Ix 1 — xtiÜKj x .llIi; 1 JLlJ

circumstances, conditions where these advantages are reversed and in

such conditions a circulating taxi-track should be provided.

14. The military requirement for firing-in butts is confirmed.

However, their actual provision is subject to various factors such

as type of unit (for reconnaissance or atomic delivery units the

facility may not be required) and type of armament. In addition, the

design specifications will vary considerably. Because of these

varying conditions, it Is considered that it is more appropriate for

the provision of firing~*in butts to be a user nation responsibility,

15. Because of organizational, financial and manpower difficultie

some nations will not be able to implement in full the single squadron

dispersal policy and in any caae the Implementation of the policy,

even in part, may take some time. Consequently, some single squadron

airfields will not be continually occupied in peace and it is con­

sidered that in such circumstances hangars and crash and fire station

facilities should not be provided*

16„ By reference £ it has been confirmed that the communications

requirement of a squadron remote receiver had been omitted from

reference d. The Military Committee agrees that this requirement

should be Included in the criteria.

17. SACEUR has proposed that tent camp facilities for 6OO men

should be provided and financed out of infrastructure funds. It is

considered that such facilities should be provided only where air­

fields are not occupied in peace and, as in the case of mobile

faciliti es, the financial aspects of the proposal would be for North

Atlantic Council consideration and decision.

18. Included in reference d is a requirement for a Flight Line

bunker as a nerve center for aircraft operations, engineering

logistics and communications activities that must be sustained on the

airfield. These activities would be carried out from either end of

the runway and to meet this requirement Alert Platforms with a

■SECRET - NATOM.C. 32/7 ~ 6 -

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maintenance hangar are being provided at each end of the runway.

Ideally9 therefore, two flight line bunkers, one at either end of

the runway, should be provided. However, under certain circumstances,

It may be possible to meet the requirement by only one flight line

bunker and therefore this possibility should be covered in the

criteria. Regardless of whether one or two flight line bunkers are

provided, their total area should not normally exceed 100 square

meters. However, in exceptional circumstances, where it is not

possible to provide a dispersal area^ It may be necessary to provide

on the airfield additional protected space to accommodate such vital

activities as wing operations and communications which normally should

be at the dispersed site* Each such increase should be proposed and

processed in accordance with the normal procedures for upward

deviations in criteria,, .

19* On the basis of the discussion set out above, the following

amendments to SACEUR's proposed Criteria and Standards for NATO

Tactical Airfields, as submitted in reference d.» should be made?

The first and second sentences of paragraph 6b of the

preamble to reference d to reads "b - l/tfhenever possible, the

facilities which are not required on the airfield itself, as

detailed in the attached table, will be located on a dispersal

area. This area should be sited at such a distance from thé

centre of the airfield as to provide a reasonable protection -

approximately seven (7) kilometres - and available to road

connections to the airfield

b„ At the end of same paragraph add: "Duplicate housing,

administrative and supply facilities should not be provided at a

dispersal area from wing main airfields until such time as the

minimum criteria has been satisfied at the squadron sized

airfields.n

&. Item 1 " Rupwav - Columns (e) and (f ) add: "Runway of

less than 2440 metres in length may be permitted as a downward

deviation when made necessary by terrain or to avoid inordinate

cost and when type of aircraft assigned will permit,"

— NATOM.C. '32/r - 7 -

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d. Item 7 - Internal Roads - Delete sentences in columns

(e) and (f) and insert following in their place: "Within

limit of 38,000 square metres provide roads on airfield and

dispersed site. This limit does n o t cover road to dispersed

site."

e . Item 14 - Ammunition Storage

(1) Under column (b) insert "e_ - Picket or Control

Post, wherever explosives have to be stored in a

separate security area."

(2) Under columns (c), (d), (e) and (f) insert

"one with useable area of 2m^."

f. Item 15 a - Flying Control - Column (c) is changed

to read: "Fixed type control tower and duplicate mobile

facilities are required ,"

g. Item 17■> I - Plight line bunkers - Columns (c), (d),

(e) and (f) ad.d: "Either one bunker at each end of the runway

or one single bunker to be provided within the total space

allowed at user nation option."

h„ Item 19 - Hangars - Columns (d), (e) and (f) add at

the beginning; "Required only at airfields occupied in peace ."

i. Item 24 - Crash and Fire Station - Columns (d), (e)

and (f) add: "Required only at airfields occupied in peace."

k, Item 27 ~ Communications Buildings - Add new sub­

para* .f* Squadron remote receiver (see Appendix, Item 27),

Columns (c), (d), (e) and (f) add "provide facili tes in

mobile units."

1. Item 37 ~ Personnel Housing

(1) Column (b) delete: " a - National responsibilityb - NATO Infrastructure"

(2) Columns (c) through (f) first sentence, after

"dispersal area , , , " insert "which will be provided

whenever possible,"

(3 ) Delete second and third sentences under columns

(c) through (f) and substitute following under columns(d),

■ S S T O - NATO - 8 -

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(e) and (f): "When airfield is not to be occupied in

peace,, camp structure for tent camp of 6OO men including

utilities will be built. Maintenance and ground party

may be housed in these tent camp facilities. The

question of financing to be subject to North Atlantic

Council decision. This does not apply to Wing Main

Airfields."

m. Appendix - Item 3 - Taxi-tract - Para. 3 a add:

"However, wherever possible by modification of existing

facilities at no major cost, provide a circulating taxi-

tract or two roads to permit movement of aircraft between

the two parking platforms."

n. Appendix - Item l4 - Ammunition Storage

(1) Paragraph l4hj delete existing paragraph and

insert following:

"Hardstandin^ should be constructed with locally

available materials and should be well drained, A

firebreak of at least 2 metres should be constructed

between the hardstanding and the base of the revetting.

Criteria for the hardstandings at each airfield, on

which the detailed design will be based, will be drawn

up by the Supreme Commander concerned, in consultation

with the International Staff and In agreement with the

host and user nations* as soon as the site has been

chosen and the type of armament of the occupying unit

is known ."

(2) Paragraph 14JL* add to existing paragraph the

following :

"They should be constructed of mounded earth or sand

to dimensions and slopes as agreed by the host nation

and the International Staff, after consideration of local

conditions and materials and the explosives safety

regulations of the host and user nations,"

-gEGBS&J- NATO - 9 -

M.C. 32/7

(Page revised by Corrig. No.l, 16 Oct 56)

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_o. Appendix '-..Item 15 “.Flying Control Facilities -

Change to read: "Control towers will be constructed on base in

accordance with E 750 only at airfields designated as Wing

Main Airfields Duplicate mobile facilities are required.

On other airfields, all facilities required to advise or

communicate with aircraft, except on the ground and on take­

off and landing, are to be placed in mobile units. These

units to be located off base, in dispersal area when it

exists,* and provided with emergency standby electric power

in accordance with item 9 above."

CONCLUSIONS

20. The Criteria and Standards as amended in paragraph 19 a

through _o should be approved on the basis:

a. That they are reviewed from time to time and in

particular in 1957 in the light of technological progress

and consequent re-equipment of assigned air uni ts.

b. That the financing from NATO Common Infrastructure

funds of mobile accommodation and tent camp facilities is a

matter for North Atlantic Council decision, bearing in mind

the particular nature of the requirement as stated in

paragraph 10.

RECOMMENDATIONS

21. It is recommended that the North Atlantic Council

approve this report.

-SeeftfiT - NATO - 9a -

M.C. 32/7

(Page added by Corrig. No. 1, 16 Oct 56)

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ENCLOSURE

-ëJBgjflET' - NATO

FROM: SGN WASH DC

TO: SGLO PARIS FRANCE

INFO: SACEUR PARIS FRANCESACLANT NORFOLK V ACHANCOM LONDON ENGLAND

NATO SECRET MSG STAND from SGN PASS TO

SEC GEN reference (a) AG 6l6l/E-50O/55 LOG dated 22 Oct 55 (b)

SHAPTO IO51, 7 Oct 55 (c) SHAPTO II65, 6 Mar 5&. Subject Criteria

for Conversion of Programmed NATO Airfields, jConversion of National/

Airfields and Construction of New Squadron Airfields,

1, The MRC has approved a report on Criteria and Standards

for NATO Tactical Airfields, and is submitting it to the North

Atlantic Council for consideration and approval,

2, The MRC particularly wishes to draw the NAC's attention to

the proposals, as submitted In reference (b), concerning the

financing of mobile accommodation out of NATO Common Infrastructure

funds, Tile requirement for mobile ajccoomodation is militarily supported,

It is not for the MRC to comment on the methods of financing this

equipment* but the Committee wishes to draw particularly the attention

of the North Atlantic Council on the proposals set forth in SHAFTO IO51

regarding the financing of .mobile accommodation out of NATO Infrastruc­

ture funds. The MRC also believe that an immediate decision on this

question is necessary In order to prevent any possible delay in the

implementation of this important aspect of the dispersal policy,

3, SACEUR, has proposed in reference (a) that tent camp

facilities should be provided and financed out of infrastructure

funds. As in the case of mobile facilities referred to in paragraph

2 above, the financial aspects of this proposal also are for NAC

consideration and decision.

«■Se-PJB?- - NATOM.C. 32/7 - 10 - Enclosure

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i S E g g g P ' - M T O

Item 1. 7 f j f line bunkers - Columns (c ), (d )5J t ï ÎV Kl lai TwT

i J s ' i l

d. Item 7 » Djfcacaaalg*Rgsads « Delete sentences in columns

(e) and (f) and insei$f ̂ c#S#/fng in their place: "Within limit

of 3 8 5000 square metres`p?ov?ae roads on airfield and dispersed

site. This limit does not cover road to dispersed site . "

â,* Item 15 a » Flying Control - Column (c ) is changed to

read : "Fixed type control tower and duplicate mobile facilities

are requi red,,"

Urn,O

Ce ) and (f ) add ï ,[Elfc%;£§<|h|f bunker at each end of the runway

or one single bunker to be provided within the total space

allowed at user nation option,"

S.* Item 19 - Hangars ~ C olumns (d ) 3 (e ) and (f ) add at

the beginning: "Required only at airfields occupied in peace»"

lU Item 24 » Crcaah and F ire Station - Columns (d)s (e)

and (f ) add: ''Requirpd/.ohly. at airfields occupied in peace."nu t"' : '■ m j '/I

1* ~ Add new sub-para,

f-„ Squadron remote receiver (see Appendix, Item 27)« Columns

c., d, _e and f add "provide facilities in mobile units",

k e Item ^7 - Per sonnel Housing -

(1) C olui§ i^j^|^p^te : "si - National responsibility ̀ b - NATO Infrastructure"

(2) Columns ̂ # $ ^lïrough (f) first sentence, after

"dispersal area insert "which will be provided

whenever possible,"

(3) Delete second and third sentences under columns

(c) through (f) and substitute following under columns (d),

(e) and (f)t "When airfield is not to be occupied in peace,

scamp structure If/ori tentf-camp of 6OO men including utilities

will be built, l;̂ Màlnténance and ground party may be housed

in these tent camp facilities. The question of financing

to be subject to North Atlantic Council decision. This

does not apply to Wing Main Airfields,"

1, Appendix Item' ^ - Taxi-track - Para. 3(a) adds■ ; .a ■ 1 r"f

"However, wherever,’possible by modification of existing facilities■ : ■ I ' -A I i >v ].

■ m e r - n a t oM.C. 32/7 — 8 ■*

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at no major cost, provide a ci rculating taxi-traek or two roads

to permit movement of aircraft between the two parking platforms."

to read: "Control t o w e ^ ^ w i l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ u c t e d o n ^ a s e ^ i n

accordance with E 750 only at airfields designated as Wing Main

Airfields ~ Duplicate mobile facilities are required. On other

airfields, all facilities required to advise or communicate with

aircraft, except on the ground and on take-off and landing, are

to be placed in mobile u s j ^ s ^^ih^se units to be located offi* i' f Vn &}mI f HI

base, in dispersal area M e n f f ^ # i s t s , and provided with

emergency standby electric poweraln accordance with item 9 above."

C O L L U S I O N S

20. The Criteria and Standards as amended in paragraph 19 a

through 13 should be approved on the basis :

a. That they are reviewed from time to time and in

particular in 1957 in the light of technological progress and

consequent re-equipment of assigned air units.

bo That the financing. fro,in NATO Common Infrastructure/'■/ : : / ; ; /■(

funds of mobile accommotlat^oii.iähd tent camp facilities is a

matter for North Atlantic Council decision, bearing in mind the

particular nature of the requirement as stated in paragraph 10.

RECOMMENDATIONS

21. It is recommended that the North Atlantic Council approve

this report.

a a

NATO UNCLASSIHFI)