Moving Toward Independence

India

After World War I

2. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by aYugoslav nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia

1. Imperialism

After World War 1

People thought thatIndia would seize the chance to ask

for independence...

India remained loyal ally of Great Britain

DiachyParliament passed the Government of India Act

Set up a double government

India

Gained greater self-

rule in domestic

affairs

Britain

Kept control overIndia’s foreign affairs

and policyand national security

Acts of Terror Grew

Bengal and Other provinces

Consequence:Rowlatt ActIn March, 1999, Parliament passed this

law that allowed judges to try suspected political agitators without a jury

Double Standard

Amritsar MassacreApril 10 crowd gathered inamritsar-Capital of Punjab

Reason: To protest theRowlatt Act

There were violence but peace was restored by the British

BUT 3 days later, thousands gathered for religious festival

General Dyer ordered his troops to fire on the crowd

General DyerHundreds of Hindus were

trapped and killed.

Parliament and the British citizens were

horrified

“He acted to make a wide impression and to discourage further riot.”

He was forced to resign

Anamorphic illusion

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Hind SwarajIndian Home Rule

Humpty Dumpty

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.All the king's horses and all the king's menCouldn't put Humpty together again.

Boston Tea Party - USA

Mohandas GandhiRowlatt Act and the Amritsar Massacre

Brought him to political area

Unlikely Heroby Western Standard

How do we measuregreatness?

1893-1915 (South Africa)

Satyaghara

Non-violent Resistance“SOUL FORCE”

“Injustice was to be met with justice; violence with non-violence.”

Principle:

Hartal - Illegal Boycott

All economic activity came to a halt and the day wasdedicated to prayer and fasting.

He called for a nationwide Hartal

1. boycott offices2. refused to pay taxes

3. lay down across train tracks4. Did not fight the police...

Destiny of India

“The destiny of India has chosen for its ally the power of

soul and not of the muscle.”

Sentenced to jail

6 years

Mahatma

“Great Soul”

Gandhi’s MessageRiver of blood shed by the government

can’t frighten me, but I should

be deeply pained...if the people did so

much abuse the government for

my sake or in my name

HOMESPUN

What are these women doing? And Why?Britain outlawed LOOMING :Thus, over a hundred people starved to death!!

Civil Disobedience

He encouraged Indians to bring backhome/cottage industries such as spinning cotton

rather than buy from the British.

As a result:Great Britain was force to raise the tax on

salt.

and forbade Indians to process salt...

Salt March

Gandhi and 70 of his followersbegan the 180-mile march to the sea on April, 1930.

15k Indians joined the march.

Salt March

When he reached the ocean, Gandhi bent overand picked up a lump of

natural salt indeliberate defiance of

British Law.

Gandhi’s Goals (General)Gandhi’s

goals:1. Equality w/t British

Later became Independence from the

British2. Hindu-Muslim unity,

thusNO division o/t country

into India for Hindus and Pakistan for Muslims

3. End to Untouchability

Gandhi’s goals:1. Equality w/t BritishLater became Independence from the British2. Hindu-Muslim unity, thusNO division o/t country into India for Hindus and

Pakistan for Muslims3. End to Untouchability

Muslim League

Jawaharlal Nehru

Nehru was an Indian nationalist leader and statesman who became the first prime minister of independent India in 1947.

Political Dynasty

What are the pros and cons?

Indira Gandhi

2nd Prime Minister of IndiaDaughter of NehruAssassinated by her Sikh bodyguards

But why my gulay?

A Great LeaderBut what are the characteristics of a great leader?

During her term, corruption in India was rampant

Authoritarian Rule

Voted out

1977, She and the Congress Party were voted out from office

Morarji Desai

Succeeded to the office, he’s the manIndira had jailed...

Leader of Janata Party

Restored to power

December 1978, the Parliamentreinstate her

Rajiv Gandhi3rd Prime Minister of IndiaSon of Indira Gandhi

Assassinated by fellow Hindus for his support of the Buddhist led gov’t of Sri Lanka?

Why naman laman?

Why did India experience

political instability?

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

PakistanMuslim State

West Pakistan

East Pakistan

What could be the big

problem of Pakistan from 1946-71?

death of M. Ali JinnahHe died a

yearafter the

founding ofPakistan

The nationsuffered a short-lived

government

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

In 1970, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the prime minister

International debt increases

Benazir Bhutto

Flags-former colonies of GB

Can you correct history?

Ganito Kami Noon, Paano na kayo ngayon?

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Ang Pipit

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Kalash Culture in N. Pakistan

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