National Land Records Modernization Programme(NLRMP)-2008

The Cabinet has approved the proposal of the Department of Land Resources

, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India to merge the two existing

Centrally-sponsored schemes of Computerization of Land Records (CLR) and

Strengthening of Revenue Administration & Updating of Land Records (SRA&ULR)

and to replace them with a modified Centrally-sponsored scheme in the shape of the

National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP), with the ultimate goal

of ushering in the system of conclusive titles with title guarantee in the country.

Current status of land records management in India

2. Land is a State subject in the Constitution, and the systems of land records

management vary from State to State, often even within a State, depending upon

their historical evolution and local traditions. Although these systems are diverse in

form, they have an underlying unity of themes and objectives – and they also suffer

from a largely common set of problems.

2.1 Several departments are involved in managing land records in most of the

States, and the citizen has to approach 3 to 4, or even more, agencies for complete

land records, e.g., Revenue Department for textual records and mutations; Survey &

Settlement (or Consolidation) Department for the maps; Registration Department for

verification of encumbrances and registration of transfer, mortgage, etc.; the

Panchayats (in some States, for mutation), and the municipal authorities (for urban

land records), leading to waste of time, exposure to rent seeking, and harassment.

2.2 These departments work in a somewhat stand-alone manner, and updating of

records by any one of them makes the records of the others outdated. Thus, the

records are almost always outdated and don’t reflect the ground reality. Also, there is

no integration of textual and spatial records, making it difficult to give maps-to-scale

with the records of rights (RoRs).

2.3 The most important activity for updating the records, i.e., survey has been

neglected by most of the States. Original survey for cadastral mapping has not taken

place in many parts of the country. Also, the earlier technology of lattha and chains

for survey is cumbersome, painfully time-taking and costly, and there is need for

adopting modern technology across the country.

2.4 Further, the Registration Act, 1908 provides for registration of deeds and

documents, not titles. Merely the transaction is recorded, and the transfer of

ownership title remains presumptive only. Also, there is significant time lag between

registration and mutation, giving rise to scope of fraudulent transactions in land,

disputes, etc.

International experiences: The system of conclusive titles

3. Problems in land records management have been faced in other countries also,

but respite has come through introducing the system of conclusive titles, also

popularly known as the Torrens system. Australia, New Zealand, the UK,

Switzerland, Canada, the USA, Singapore, and also developing countries such as

Kenya, Malaysia, etc. have successfully introduced this system.

3.1 Kenya is a case in point. The British applied the Indian Registration Act, 1908 as

it was, to Kenya. But, after its Independence, Kenya amended the Act and

introduced the Torrens system.

3.2 Puducherry is an example of the system of conclusive titles from within India

itself. The French introduced the Torrens system there. However, after

Independence, Pondicherry had to regress from conclusive titles to the presumptive

titles system prevalent in India due to the provisions of the Registration Act, 1908.

3.3 The system of conclusive titles is based on 4 basic principles: (i) a single agency

to handle land records (including the maintenance and updating of the textual

records, maps, survey and settlement operations, registration of immovable property

mutations, etc.); (ii) the “mirror” principle, which states that, at any given moment, the

land records mirror the ground reality; (iii) the “curtain” principle, which refers to the

fact that the record of title is a true depiction of the ownership status, mutation is

automatic following registration, there is no need of probing into past title

transactions, and title is a conclusive proof of ownership; and (iv) title insurance,

which refers to the fact that the title is guaranteed for its correctness and the party

concerned is indemnified against any loss arising because of inaccuracy in this

regard. At the moment, land records in India don’t reflect any of these principles. Earlier initiatives of the Department of Land Resources (DoLR) for modernization of land records in India

4. Following a decision in the Conference of the State Revenue Ministers in 1985,

the Government of India had initiated two Centrally-sponsored schemes

– Strengthening of Revenue Administration & Updating of Land Records (SRA&ULR)

and Computerization of Land Records (CLR).

Strengthening of Revenue Administration & Updating of Land Records (SRA&ULR)

4.1 The scheme of SRA&ULR was launched in 1987-88 to help the States and UTs

in updating and maintaining the land records, setting up and strengthening of the

survey and settlement organizations and the survey training infrastructure,

modernization of the survey & settlement operations, and strengthening of the

revenue machinery.

4.2 Funding under the SRA&ULR scheme has been on 50:50 cost-sharing basis

between the Centre and the States. The UTs are provided 100% Central assistance.

The list of items covered under the scheme of SRA&ULR is at Annexure I. The

financial and physical progresses under the scheme are indicated at Annexure II & III

respectively.

Computerization of Land Records (CLR)

4.3 The CLR scheme was launched in 1988-89 with pilot projects in 8 districts and

was subsequently extended to cover the rest of the country. The main objective of

the scheme was to ensure that the landowners get computerized copies of the RoRs

on demand. Under this scheme, 100% financial assistance has been provided to the

States and UTs. A list of activities covered under the CLR scheme is at Annexure IV.

The financial and physical progresses under this scheme are indicated at Annexure

V and VI respectively. The status of computerization of land records in the States

and UTs, as assessed through a detailed sizing exercise, is given in a statement at

Annexure

VII.

Disadvantages of the existing schemes and the need for modifying them

4.5 The activities included in the schemes of CLR and SRA&ULR were basically

meant for strengthening of revenue administration, but also included activities that

contribute to conclusive titling. The choice of activities was left to the States and UTs,

most of whom chose activities that strengthen revenue administration but not

necessarily helped in moving towards conclusive titling. For example, in many years,

as much as 90% of the funds released to the States/UTs under the SRA&ULR

scheme were utilized for construction activities, while non-updated records were

being computerized and scanned under the CLR. Also, this “hamper-of-activities”

approach led to eddying; each activity was a goal in itself rather than a step in the

systematic, ladder-like approach towards reaching the stage of conclusive titling.

4.6 The way the schemes were framed, no timeframe for achieving the goal of

conclusive titles can be set. Technology options for survey were not indicated and

the work remained neglected in most of the States. Neither was the system of

monitoring emphatically spelt out, nor was the exit mode defined in either of the

existing schemes. Further, both the schemes of CLR and SRA&ULR excluded

interconnectivity, geographic information system (GIS) mapping, connectivity with

banks and treasuries, and Registration – the last of which is a vital link in updating

the land records.

Further initiatives

5. The National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) envisages that “Revenue

administration will be thoroughly modernized and clear land titles will be established”.

Following up on this mandate, an earlier version of the present scheme was

developed by the DoLR under the name “Comprehensive Modernization of Land

Records” (CMLR).

5.1 A Committee under the Secretary, RD was constituted to consider the modern

survey technology options and their cost and time estimates. After a series of

meetings with the technical agencies including the National Remote Sensing Agency

(NRSA), National Informatics Centre (NIC), Survey of India, and a number of States,

the Committee narrowed down the options to the following three, but left the choice

to the States:

a) Pure ground method using electronic total station

(ETS) and global positioning system (GPS); b)

Hybrid method using aerial photography and

ground truthing by ETS and GPS; and c) High-

resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) and ground

truthing by ETS

and GPS. The unit costs for the first two options are the same, but the hybrid

methodology is preferable because it saves time significantly. The HRSI option may

not be suitable for original cadastral surveys because of its wider margin of error.

5.2 Most significantly, a decision was taken to make “conclusive titling” as per the

Torrens system as the ultimate goal of the scheme. The technologies, costs and time

estimates of the components of the scheme were finalized, based on field

experiences of the States and technical agencies. The need was felt for a

comprehensive modernization scheme integrating Land Records and Registration.

Accordingly, the CMLR proposal was further enhanced in the shape of the National

Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP).

Components and activities under the NLRMP.

6. The following is an outline of the components and activities to be taken up under

the NLRMP:

I. Computerization of land records a) Data entry/re-entry/data conversion of

all textual records

including mutation records and other land attributes data b) Digitization

of cadastral maps c) Integration of textual and spatial data d) Tehsil, sub-

division/district data centers e) State-level data centres f) Inter-connectivity

among revenue offices

II. Survey/resurvey and updating of the survey & settlement records (including

ground control network and ground truthing) using the following modern

technology options:

a) Pure ground method using electronic total station (ETS)

and global positioning system (GPS); or b) Hybrid

methodology using aerial photography and ground

truthing by ETS and GPS; or c) High Resolution

Satellite Imagery (HRSI) and ground truthing by ETS

and GPS.

III. Computerization of Registration a) Computerization of the sub-registrar’s

offices (SROs) b) Data entry of valuation details c) Data entry of legacy

encumbrance data d) Scanning & preservation of old documents e)

Connectivity to SROs with revenue offices IV. Modern record rooms/land records management centres at tehsil/taluk/circle/block level V. Training & capacity building a) Training, workshops, etc. b) Strengthening of the Survey and Revenue training institutes

VI. Core GIS

a) Village index base maps from satellite imagery, for creating the core

GIS;

b) Integration of three layers of data: (i) Spatial data from aerial

photograph or high-resolution satellite imagery; (ii) Survey of India and

Forest Survey of India maps; and (iii) Cadastral maps from revenue

records.

VII. Legal changes a) Amendments to the Registration Act, 1908; b)

Amendments to the State Stamp Acts; c) Other legal changes; and d)

Model law for conclusive titling.

VIII. Programme management a) Programme Sanctioning & Monitoring

Committee in the DoLR; b) Core Technical Advisory Group in the DoLR

and the States/UTs c) Programme Management Unit (PMU) in the DoLR

and the

States/UTs d) Information, education and communication (IEC)

activities e) Evaluation

6.1 All the activities have been framed in the form of two kinds of ladders – primary

and secondary; the primary ladder covers activities leading to conclusive titling, and

the secondary ladder covers activities that merely strengthen the revenue

administration. It is proposed to give priority to the primary activities through

budgetary support. A diagrammatic depiction of the two kinds of ladders is provided

at Annexure VIII. The States/UTs shall be required to follow the activities in this

pattern and to carry out the process re-engineering involved. Fund releases to the

States/UTs will be conditional upon the States/UTs signing the MoU to this effect

with the DoLR.

6.2 In order to make the programme time-bound, it is proposed to take the district as

the unit for completion of all primary activities. In each State and UT, it is proposed to

begin with 1 or 2 districts, then to scale up to 3-4 districts per State/UT, and to cover

the entire country by the 12th Plan period. However, the States/UTs which wish to

complete the work earlier can do so. They can also go for a public-private

partnership (PPP) model in the non-sensitive districts.

6.3 The DoLR have commissioned a study for the North-Eastern (NE) States, to be

conducted by the Centre for Rural Studies, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of

Administration (LBSNAA), Mussoorie, since the land revenue systems of the NE

States differ substantially from the rest of the country.

Expected outcomes of the NLRMP

7. The major focus of the programme would be on providing citizen services, as

outlined below. The long-term goal would be to usher in the system of conclusive

titles with title guarantee in the country. In addition, the data and the conclusive titles

would be linked to the development process, such as credit institutions, disaster

management, land acquisition and rehabilitation & resettlement, land use planning,

cropping pattern and food security, and other secondary data such as issue of

various certificates, etc.

Besides the citizen and the govt., the conclusive titles and secondary data will be of

immense use to the private stakeholders.

7.1 Citizen services and benefits

i) Real-time records will be available to the citizen.

ii) Since the records will be placed on the websites with proper

security IDs, property owners will have free access to their

records while maintaining confidentiality.

iii) Free accessibility to the records will reduce interface between the

citizen and the Government functionaries, thereby reducing rent

seeking and harassment.

iv) Public-private partnership (PPP) mode of service delivery will

further reduce citizen interface with Govt. machinery, while

adding to the convenience.

v) Abolition of stamp papers and payment of stamp duty and

registration fees through banks, etc. will also reduce interface

with the Registration machinery.

vi) With the use of IT inter linkages, the time for obtaining RoRs, etc.

will be drastically reduced.

vii) The single-window service or

the web-enabled

“anytime-

anywhere” access will save the citizen time and effort in

obtaining RoRs, etc.

viii) Automatic and automated mutations will significantly reduce the

scope of fraudulent property deals.

Page 11 of 30

ix) Conclusive titling will also significantly reduce litigation.

x) These records will be tamper-proof.

xi) This method will permit e-linkages to credit facilities.

xii) Market value information will be available on the website to the

citizen. xiii) Certificates based on land data (e.g.,

domicile, caste, income, etc.) will be available to the

citizen through computers. xiv) Information on eligibility

for Government programmes will be available, based on

the data. xv) Issuance of land passbooks with relevant

information will be facilitated.

8. Approved funding pattern (a) 100% Central funding for computerization of land records including data entry/re-entry/data conversion, digitization of cadastral maps and integration of textual and spatial data, tehsil/sub-division/district data centres, States/UT-level data centres, inter-connectivity among the revenue offices, training and capacity building including strengthening of the revenue and survey training institutions, village index base maps and core GIS, legal changes and programme management; (b) 50:50 cost-sharing between the Centre and the States for survey/resurvey and updating of survey and settlement records including ground control network and ground truthing, and modern record rooms/land records management centres at the tehsil/taluka/circle/block level; (c) 25:75 cost-sharing between the Centre and the States for computerization of registration, scanning and preservation of legacy mutation records, and providing connectivity to the sub-registrars’ offices with the revenue offices; and (d) For the UTs, 100% Central funding for the NLRMP. Annexure-I List of activities covered under the Scheme of Strengthening of Revenue Administration & Updating of Land Records( SRA & ULR)

Sl. No.

Activities covered Status of the activities under NLRMP

1 Construction of Buildings :This includes construction/ extension of Training Institutes, Hostels for these institutes, Patwarghars and Record Rooms.

Only construction of record rooms/land resource management centres at tehsil level included.

2 Transport :This includes purchase of vehicles for Training Institutes and for movement of surveyequipments

Not covered

3 Furniture :Purchase of furniture for newly opened offices of Revenue Inspectors, furniture for Committee Rooms and Library Halls, for training institutes, for dormitories and mess.

Not covered

4 Survey/ purchase of modern Survey Equipment :This includes purchase of modern survey instrument like Global Positioning System (GPS), Total Stations, EDM, theodolite, workstation, aerial survey etc. for survey operations as well as for Training Institutions for training of the survey and settlement staff.

Covered

5 Maps / Storage facilities:This includes equipments for preparation of maps, steel almirahs for protection of maps and records, containers for records such as

Only compactor/map filing cabinet covered

map-filing cabinets, racks, bags etc.

6 Digitisation :This includes equipments for digitisation of survey-records and land holdings. Covered

7 Miscellaneous items :These include micro-filming/scanning of records/ maps, photo-copiers, laminating machines, binding machines, Risographs, Fax machines and setting up of computer cells.

Not covered

Page 14 of 30

PHYSICAL PROGRESS SINCE 10TH

PLAN UNDER THE CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME OF STRENGTHENING OF REVENUE

ADMINISTRATION AND UPDATING OF LAND RECORDS (SRA & ULR)

2007-08

S.No. State Funds sanctioned No. of Survey/resurvey Purcha including State

share Record (No. of Districts) survey

(Rs. in crore) Rooms (Rs Andhra Pr. 15.40 308 Assam 6.52 1 (Kamrup) Bihar 3.55 1 (Nalanda) Chhattisgarh 15.65 1(Durg &Abhujmar area) Gujarat 21.44 1 (Jamnagar) Goa 1.11 Himachal 4.29 1 (Sirmour) Prd. 8 J&K 1.30 13

9 Karnataka 25.98 10 1 (Belgaum)

10 Kerala 9.50 20 1(Thiruvananthapuram)

11 Madhya Pr. 20.31 110 1(Sehore)

12 Maharashtra 1.72 1 (Pune)

13 Orissa 14.01 167 1 (Ganjam)

14 Rajasthan 11.26 8 1(Tonk)

15 Sikkim 0.80 4

16 Tamil Nadu 3.90 1 (Coimbatore)

17 Tripura 10.61 31

18 Uttar Pradesh 14.42 15 1 (Lakhimpur Keri)

19 West Bengal 22.36 2 (South & North 24 Paraganas)

20 D & N Haveli 0.70 Resurvey work

21 Lakshdweep 0.053 1

22 Puducherry 0.41 10

TOTAL 205.293 697 15

Page 16 of 30 ITEMS SANCTIONED UNDER THE CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME OF

STRENGTHENING OF REVENUE ADMINISTRATION AND UPDATING OF LAND RECORDS (SRA & ULR)

2006-07

S.No. State Funds sanctioned including

State share (Rs. in crore)

No. of Record Rooms

No. of office cum residence of Patwaris / Talathis/RIs

Constructio n of Tehsil Kacharies

Purchase of modern survey

equipment /survey (Rs. in

crore)

Cotii

Assam 2.06 1 16 Bihar 14.48 14 300 Chhattisgarh 10.00 500 Gujarat 2.25 4 1.30

Haryana 8.32 416 Kerala 1.52 38

Madhya Pr. 4.40 10 100 Maharashtra 13.47 225 4.20

Mizoram 6.08 4.44 (survey of Aizawl District)

Meghalaya 0.48 0.48 Nagaland 0.46 Base map survey Orissa 9.35 100 63 2 Tripura 0.96 6 0.66 Uttar

Pradesh 15.54

Uttarakhand 7.60 131 D& N Haveli 0.50 0.50 (resurvey)

TOTAL 97.47 163 1455 306 11.58 Page 17 of 30

ITEMS SANCTIONED UNDER THE CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME OFSTRENGTHENING OF REVENUE ADMINISTRATION

AND UPDATING OF LAND RECORDS (SRA & ULR)

2005-06

S.No. State Funds No. of No. of office Purchase of Constru sanctioned Record cum residence modern survey ovation including Rooms of Patwaris/ equipment training State share Talathis/RIs /survey (Rs. in institutio (Rs. in crore) crore) includin Goa 7.88 7.88 (resurvey)

Haryana 1.22

38

Jharkhand 5.00

0.25 1

Kerala 3.68

3.00

Madhya Pr. 4.46 7 58

Maharashtra 10.90 40 100 3.00

Mizoram 7.50

4.22( survey of

Aizawl District)

Nagaland 5.47 5.47 (resurvey

&

settlement of district Hqrs. & basemap

survey)

Rajasthan 12.00

100 1.00

Tamil Nadu 4.00 4.00 (resurvey) Uttar 12.48 5 Pradesh

Uttarakhand 3.39 1 D& N Haveli 0.50 0.50 (resurvey) TOTAL 78.48 47 296 29.32 7 Page 18 of 30

ITEMS SANCTIONED UNDER THE CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME OF STRENGTHENING OF REVENUE ADMINISTRATION AND UPDATING OF LAND RECORDS (SRA & ULR)

2004-05

S.No. State Funds sanctioned including

State share (Rs. in crore)

No. of Record Rooms

No. of office cum residence of Patwaris/ Talathis/RIs

Purchase of modern survey

equipment/su rvey (Rs. in

crore)

Constructioovation otraining

institutioincluding ho

Chhattisgarh 2.05 10 30 1.00 (Aerial survey of Abhujmar

area)

Gujarat 2.25 6 1.75

Haryana 0.40

Kerala 2.48 2.48 Madhya Pr. 10.69 17 40 3

Maharashtra 10.56 30 100 2.64 2 Mizoram 5.14 3.34 ( survey

of Aizawl District)

Nagaland 1.74 1.74 ( base map survey &

creation of RoR)

Punjab 3.54

TOTAL 38.85 57 176 12.95 5 Page 19 of 30

ITEMS SANCTIONED UNDER THE CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME OF STRENGTHENING OF REVENUE ADMINISTRATION AND UPDATING OF LAND RECORDS (SRA & ULR)

2003-04

S.No. State Funds sanctioned

No. of Record Rooms

No. of office cum residence

Construction of

Purchasemodern

including State share

(Rs. in crore)

of Patwaris/ Talahis/RIs

Tehsil Kacharies

surveyequipme/survey (R

in crore Andhra Pr. 15.00 26 2.70

Assam 1.25

Gujarat 1.85 1.00 (modsurvey

equipmentsurvey wo

of Surendrana

district) Haryana 0.20 Karnataka 1.00

Kerala 5.30 55 3.00 Maharashtra 13.00 41 100 3.88 Mizoram 1.64 1.64 ( surv of Aizaw District) Nagaland 4.95 1.30

Page 20 of 30

Punjab 1.12

Tamil Nadu 1.03 0.80

Tripura 1.98 24 0.07

Lakshadwee p

0.053 1

TOTAL 48.373 123 100 24 14.39

Page 21 of 30 ITEMS SANCTIONED UNDER THE CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME OF

STRENGTHENING OF REVENUE ADMINISTRATION AND UPDATING OF LAND RECORDS (SRA & ULR)

2002-03

S.No. State Funds No. of No. of office Constructio Purchase of sanctioned

including State Record Rooms

cum residence of Patwaris/

n of Tehsil modern survequipment/su

share (Rs. in crore)

Talathis/RIs Kacharies vey (Rs. in crore)

Chhattisgarh 1.30 1.30 (Aerial photography of Raigarh & Jaishdistricts)

Goa 1.20 1.20 (revisionsurvey)

Haryana 0.80

Himachal 0.06 Pradesh J&K 2.30 33 1.20 Karnataka 0.30

Kerala 3.70

Madhya Pr. 4.96 20 10 Maharashtra 8.75 30 100 1.00 Mizoram 3.00 1.50 (Summa

survey and record

preparation) Page 22 of 30

Nagaland 2.13 2.13(base msurvey andcreation of

RoR) Punjab 1.00 1 Tamil Nadu 0.40

Tripura 3.71 18

West Bengal 7.84 152 0.55

TOTAL 41.45 203 143 18 8.88

Total 10th Plan 304.623 593 2170 348 77.12 11th Plan (07-08) 205.293 697 8.65

Grand total 509.916 1290 2170 348 85.77

Page 23 of 30

ANNEXURE IV

List of activities for which financial assistance is provided to the States/UTsunder the Scheme of Computerization of Land Records (CLR).

Sl.No. Activities covered Status of the activities under the NLRMP

1. Undertaking data entry work Covered 2. Setting up of computer centres at the

taluk/tehsil/block/circle level, and sub-divisional level

Covered

3. Imparting training on computer awareness and application software to revenue officials for regular updating of records of rights and smooth operation of computer centres

Covered

4. District Land Records Data Centres Covered 5. Setting up of Monitoring Cell at State

Headquarter Covered

6. Digitization of cadastral maps Covered

Page 24 of 30

ANNEXURE-VII

Status of Computerization of Land Records in the States/UTs

A. States/UTs which have completed the RoR data entry:

Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan,

Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal, and NCT of Delhi

B. States/UTs where RoR data entry likely to be completed soon:

Assam, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa, Tripura, and UT of Puducherry

C. States/UTs where RoR data entry begun but not completed:

Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Kerala, Manipur, Mizoram, and Nagaland, and

UTs of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, and Daman & Diu

D. States/UTs still at preparatory stage:

J&K, Punjab, and Meghalaya and UTs of Chandigarh, and Lakshadweep

E. States/UTs which have stopped manual issue of RoRs: Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya

Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal

F. States/UTs which have placed RoR data on websites:

Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, and Uttarakhand

G. States/UTs which have received funds for digitization of cadastral maps:

Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Orissa, Punjab,Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal, and UT ofPuducherry

Page 27 of 30 ANNEXURE – VIII

The Primary & Secondary Ladders proposed under NLRMP

Ladder-like approach

� Primary ladder – for conclusive titles � Secondary ladder – for archival purposesand strengthening of revenue administration

Page 28 of 30

Primary Ladder: approach 1

• Registration • Training and strengthening of computerization of SROs

training institutions

Integration of registration • Strengthening of

and land records

maintenance systems technical organizations

• Record rooms at

• Automatic mutation Registration/ tehsil

following registration levels Mutation – updating of • Link up withpending cases and their development process computerization • Legal changes Integration of textual and • Conclusive titles spatial data Survey, including ground control networks and ground truthing

Primary Ladder: approach 2

• Survey, including ground • Training and control networks and

strengthening of

ground truthing training institutions

• Strengthening of

• Mutation – updating of technical organizations

pending cases and their

computerization • Record rooms at

Registration/ tehsil Integration of textual and levels

spatial data • Link up with

Registration development process computerization of SROs • Legal changes Integration of registration • Conclusive titles and land records maintenance systems Automatic mutation following registration

Page 29 of 30

Secondary Ladder

Computerization of existing records Scanning of existing survey maps Computerization of legacy mutation data Record rooms Page 30 of 30