national building code of finland, part d1, water … · water supply and drainage installations...

Mikkelin ammattikorkeakoulu / www.mamk.fi1/19/2017

Jukka Räisä 1

National building code of Finland,part D1,

Water Supply and Drainage installations for buildings,

Regulations and guidelines 2007

Chapter 2.0 – 2.3.9

Mikkelin ammattikorkeakoulu / www.mamk.fi

2 DOMESTIC WATER EQUIPMENT

2 General regulations2.1 RegulationWater in installation should have such quality that health hazards or other risks do not arise in at its use.A water supply installation in a building shall have sufficient capacity.Water supply equipment shall be installed into a building in appropriate way.It shall be sufficiently strong and reliable and shall also in other respects be constructed and arranged in such a way that it can be used without the risk of an accident or sanitary nuiance.When a water supply installation is planned and constructed, the requirement concerning good energy economy must be included.


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2.2 The quality of water

2.2. RegulationOnly water which complies with the hygienic requirements stipulated for drinking water shall be admitted into a water supply installation.

2.2.1.1 GuidelinesIf the source of domestic water is something else than from waterworks, the quality of the water must be solved.

Description Domestic water-quality standards and recommendations is set to the Health Protection Act (763/1994) issued under the Health and Social Ministry's Regulations (401/2001) and (461/2000) of water quality standards and surveillance studies.


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2.3 Protection from the health hazards and other risks

2.3.1 RegulationDevices which change the microbiological or chemical condition of the water, are not usually allowed to connect to a water supply installation.

2.3.1.1 GuidelinesIf water is unsuitable for its purpose, water treatment devices can be connected into nearest service point.These kind of water treatment devices are, for example, water softening filters of dishwasher or washing machines or similar of those and also mechanical filters to separate solid stuff.


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• 2.3.2 RegulationA water supply installation connected to the public main water shall not be in direct communication with a water supply installation supplied from some other source of water

• 2.3.2.1 GuidelinesIf a water supply installation supplied by a public main water must be connected to a water supply installation which is supplied from some other source, this can be done with a container construction in accordance in FIG. 1. The air gap between the start of the pipe leading from the public main water and the highest water level regulated by the overflow is at least 50 mm. The overflow should be designed so that its discharge capacity is at least twice the maximum quantity of water which can be admitted to the container.



Water from a source other than public waterworks (own well)

Pump

>50 mm

Water to installation

Overflow

Container

Highest water level secured by overflow

Water from public waterworks

Fig.1. Example of simultaneous supply from a public water main and some other source.




• 2.3.3. RegulationA water supply installation shall be constructed so that the materials which are in contact with water are such quality so that harmful quantities of substances dangerous to health are not released into the water or dissolved in there.A quality of water shall be always perfected.Materials, which are used in the water supply installation, must be intended used in qualities, tested and checked so that those suitable for the purpose.

• 2.3.3.1 GuidelinesEligibility of material can be marked by CE-mark, type approval mark or by some other trustworthy way.



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Finnish type approval mark

CE‐mark



• 2.3.4 RegulationsA water supply devices are constructed so that the water back-wicking as well as contamination involved by invasion of liquid and gas would be impossible.If water pipe is installed into contaminated ground, diffusivity pipe material must be used.




• 2.3.4.2 GuidelinesWater pipes shall be installed so that they do not contact with stuff (waste and soil, freon, glycol) which may contaminate the water either in the event of a leak or by diffusion through the pipe material.Heat recovery apparatus and similar shall for instance be designed in accordance with FIG.2


• 2.3.4.1 GuidelinesAn air gap must be used as a back-siphonage protection wherever this is technically possible. Other back-siphonage protection ways are:

- a vacuum breaker with a check valve;- a vacuum valve (= vacuum breaker) ;- a check valve; or ( must be type-approved vacuum breaker)- a diverter spout.


Prevent of back-siphonage


Diverter spout

Thermostatic shower mixer



The opening pressure p of the safety valve shall be such that leaks in the coil can be detected (p3 < p < p1 or p2).

Leakage in the coil gives rise to flow through the overflow. The overflow should be fitted with an alarm.FIG. 2. Examples of arrangements whereby entry of noxious substances into the domestic water system can be prevented.



• 2.3.5. RegulationA water supply installation shall be constructed so that entry of warm water to a cold water pipe or vice versa is prevented.

• 2.3.5.1 GuidelinesUsually there is no harmful cross-flow in mixing water fittings. Harmful cross-flow is prevented by installation of a check valve into both the cold and hot water connecting pipes.


check valve



• 2.3.6 RegulationCold water pipes shall be planned and installed in so that the water temperature does not rise too much.

• 2.3.6.1 GuidelinesThe temperature of cold water shall not usually rise over 20 °C. If the cold water pipe is situated in a room where the temperature is higher than 30 °C or if they are near warm pipes or ducts, for instance in pipe canal, ceiling cavities or similar spaces, the cold water pipe should be insulated.




• 2.3.7 RegulationIn spaces, where humidity condensation can inflict harm, pipe must be moisture insulated.

• Description Building Regulations , part E1: Building fire safety .Class of surfaces requirement shall be taken into account in choosing of insulators. Building Regulations , part C2: Humidity. General planning principles.



Insulations


Mineral wool insulation Cellular rubber



• 2.3.8 RegulationThe warm water devices must be planned and installed so that the temperature of the water is always at least 55 °C.The convective heat emitters of the circulating warm water pipes installation must not plan as to use in heating neither in underfloor heating.

• 2.3.8.1 GuidelinesThe temperature of warm water in during delay time in pipelines can go under the 55 °C. The water heaters and the pipes, where warm water is non-stop circulating, must be heat insulated.




• 2.3.8.2 GuidelinesIf towel drying radiators are used in circulating warm water pipe system, the radiators output can be maximum 200 W per one room.The user should not be able to shut down warm water flow in the heat emitters.

• Description Building Regulations , part E1: Building fire safety .Class of surfaces requirement shall be taken into account in choosing of insulations. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Housing Health Guidelines, Guide 2003:1, Chapter 8: Water Pipes Temperature.



Hot water radiatorsTowel rails



Hot water radiators




• 2.3.9 RegulationThe warm water system should be constructed so that accidents due to too high warm water temperatures are prevented. The temperature of water drawn from warm water fittings for personal hygiene shall not exceed 65 °C.

• 2.3.9.1 GuidelinesThe temperature shall be limited at the water heater by means of automatic regulators.Due to electronic water heater and different kind of boilers use control thermostatic mixing valves.The water heater and the mixing valve must be connected by metallic tubes.




• 2.3.9.2 GuidelinesIn order to prevent accidents, showers should be sited so that they can be operated without coming into contact with the water, unless a temperature regulating device is fitted level 45 ºC before the shower outlet.

• 2.3.9.3 GuidelinesWater fittings for baths, showers, wash basins, bidets and sinks in dwellings are examples of water fittings for personal hygiene.




WARM WATER DELAY TIME

• 2.3.10 Regulation Each warm water faucet should be able to deliver the suitable temperature warm water without harmful delay time.

• 2.3.10.1 Guidelines• To avoid harmful delay time:

1) Warm water device and circulating pipeline must be 2) Between warm water device and water heater must be3) Between warm water device and with extra water heater pipeline must be so that delay time is no more than 10 s comparable to pipe volume in standard flow.

• In buildings, where are water heaters in apartments, the delay time can be maximum 30 sec. The same concerns to individual water fittings, which are located far and using very seldom.



• 2.3.10.2 GuidelinesThe circulation pipeline dimensioning shall be done according to appendix 2. Every circulating duct branch and heat emitter shall be equipped with single control valve. In link with pump shall be installed the shut off valve, check valve and balancing valve, which water flow can be adjusted and measured.

• 2.3.10.3 GuidelinesVolume of the hot water shall be planned according to estimated need. For example, apartment electrically heated hot water tank water is usually enough , if hot water tank capacity is minimum 300 liters and heating effect is minimum 3.0 kW.



standard flow, qN, dm3/s pipe’s inside diameter, mm

pipe’s length, m FIG.4: Hot water delay time in water pipe as a function of water fittings standard flow and pipe’s length and

inside diameter

Delay tim

e, s



WATER FITTINGS

• 2.3.11 RegulationWater fittings shall be designed and sited so that it can be used easily and so that water can be drawn off without splashing or other inconvenience.

• 2.3.11.1 GuidelinesWashing machine tap shall be installed nearest forth and closer to machine so that it would be easy to use and tap’s on/off position would be clearly detected. (See the next dia)

Water fittings outflow’s harmful splashing shall be reduced by using aerator. Swing angle of swivel spout shall be limited so that water is running into the sink.


19.1.2017 Jukka Räisä 27Source: Ympäristöopas 111



• 2.3.12 Regulation Water fittings operating device should be structured such that the surface temperature does not rise in harmful quantities.

• 2.3.12.1 GuidelinesWater fittings operating device’s surface temperature should not normally be higher than 40 °C.

WATER FITTINGS



• 2.3.13 Regulation Handles for water flow and temperature setting shall have natural and safe directions of operation.

• 2.3.13.1 Guidelines The handles of cold water taps shall be marked with blue, and the handles of hot water taps with red. Looked at from the front, the handle of the hot water tap shall be to the left of the handle of the cold water tap.When water flow and temperature are regulated manually, the directions of operation are considered natural when the tap is turned off or the water becomes colder when the handle is turned clockwise, is turned to the right or is pressed downwards. (Other directions of operation can also be permitted if the fitting can be used safely.)

WATER FITTINGS

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