nat review 2011
DESCRIPTION
NAT REVIEW 2011. Parts of the Cell. What are the main parts?. Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus. CELL MEMBRANE holds the cell together CYTOPLASM fill most of the cell NUCLEUS governing body. What are the parts unique to each cell?. ANIMAL CELL Centrioles for cell division - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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NAT REVIEW2011
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Parts of the Cell
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What are the main parts?• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm• Nucleus
CELL MEMBRANE• holds the cell together
CYTOPLASM• fill most of the cell
NUCLEUS• governing body
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What are the parts unique to each cell?
ANIMAL CELL
• Centriolesfor cell division
• Lysosomes“suicidal sac”
PLANT CELL
• Cell Wall• Plastids
chemical factories
• Chloroplastfor
photosynthesis
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CELL TRANSPORT
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How Are Diffusion and Osmosis Alike?
• Both involve movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration
• These processes are like rolling a ball downhill because energy is not required.
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How is Diffusion Different from Osmosis?
Diffusion• Movement of molecules in a liquid, gas or
a solid• A membrane may or may not be involved
Osmosis• Movement of water molecules• A membrane is involved
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Osmosis: Blood Cells
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Endocytosis and Exocytosis
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
What are the raw materials and product?
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CELL RESPIRATION
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RAW MATERIAL
END PRODUCTS ATP NADH FADH2
Site
Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvic Acid/
pyruvate
Gross ATP-4
Net ATP-2
2 Cytosol / Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle
Pyruvic Acid
2 10 2 matrix
ETC 34 Inner mitochondrial
membrane
TOTAL Gross ATP-38(-2) Net ATP-36
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Keep in Mind1 NADH = 3 ATP1 FADH2 = 2 ATP
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CELL DIVISION
MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
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Cell Cycle
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MITOSIS
Division of Somatic Cells
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MEIOSIS• Division of Sex
Cells or Gametes
• Produces haploid number of chromosomes
• 2 Stages:
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
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Terms to remember:• Tetrad – a structure containing 4
chromatids that forms during meiosis.• Homologous chromosome – term
used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex-parent.
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• Chiasma – chiasmata (pl) site of crossing-over
• Crossing-over – exchange of genes between pairs of homologous chromosomes
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MITOSIS MEIOSIS
TYPE OF CELL Somatic/ body cells
Sex/ Germ cells
# of DAUGHTER CELLS PRODUCED
1:2 1:4
# of CHROMOSOMES
BEFORE
2n 2n
# of CHROMOSOMES
AFTER
2nDiploid
nhaploid
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Organ System
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Skeletal System• Major Organs:
Bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments
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Muscular System• Major Organs:
Skeletal muscles and smooth muscles throughout the body.
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Circulatory System• Major Organs:
Heart, blood vessels and blood
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Nervous System• Major Organs:
Brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
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Respiratory System• Major Organs:
Nose, trachea and lungs
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Digestive System• Major Organs:
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines.
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Excretory System• Major Organs:
Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
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Female and Male Reproductive System
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ECOSYSTEM
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COMPONENTS OF THE ECOSYSTEM
•BIOTIC •ABIOTIC
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Interactions in the Ecosystem
•Abiotic – Abiotic•Abiotic – Biotic•Biotic - Biotic
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ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS
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• Cooperation• Competition• PredationSYMBIOSIS• Mutualism• Parasitism• Commensalism
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ENERGY FLOW
FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB
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GENETICS
MONOHYBRID CROSS,DIHYBRID CROSS
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EVOLUTION
DARWIN AND LAMARCK THEORY
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The end