DECKS_ _ A\NASH--

Dub .A.wtUh.hbluh~d by the Exteruion &rnce, Memorial Unillerlity ofNewfollnd14nd. February, J974,Vol. III. No. I.

DECKSAWASH

~y'rilPikerCarbonear South

Tales of the Labrador...and other things

I was born April 13, 1921. Iwent to Labrador thatsummer in June. I fished onthe Labrador up until the ageof 38. I quit (or a good job. Allthrough the history of fishingon the Labrador thefishermen had a very rottendeal with merchants. It's notso today, because people arcgetting better educated andthey know more about it . Themajority of people who wentfishing in my day areuneducated, for the simplereason that we never had achance in the world of gettingeducated. We'd leave aroundthe first of June and ourparents would take us fromschool about one week aheadof time. We never returnedfrom anywhere between the20th. of October to the firstweek in November. So, youcan see how much schoolingwe missed, and that's why alot of people today, the olderfishermen, have noeducation. But it's really agood life on the Labradorfishing.

We would take our suppliesin May and go North, and if abox of butter was $5.00, it was$6.00when it was charged outby a merchant to carry aUthe summer. If we struck anyluck on the Labrador, by thelast of June or the first weekin July, we had salmonenough to ship it to themerchant. They were notcarrying us; we had a profiton their hands. But thatdidn't make any difference.So, we'd come home in

November. If we had moneyin the merchant's office, hewouldn't straighten us upuntil about Christmas, untilhe tried to drain every centthat he could out of us beforewe gotour money. Now if thismerchant had any work togive us in the fall of the yeararound his premises , orhome , we never saw anycash. They had a little slip,like a receipt book, called theblue tail. You'd go to thosemerchants and you earn$20.00. They'd give you alittle blue tail where youwere obligated to come backto their store, you couldn'ttake it to another store. Ifyou go into the store with thatblue tail, and you spend $5.00,you pass in your $20.00 bluetail , and you'd get a $15.00blue tail for change. This iswhy the merchant owned thefishermen. They never had achance in the world to sur­vive.

We struck 6 or 7 badsummers down there , and alot of the people left theLabrador fishery , in the'SO ' s. But since that, with theGovernment grants , they area bit better off then theywere .

I changed fron VenisonIsland to the Straits, becausemy grandfather was a manwho fished all his life timeand he was 92 when he died.But when he died and gave itup, I wasn 't old enough to gofor myself, so I shipped outwith other people for threeyears, WI til I got hearty

enough to take over myself.When I grew up I went backanti took his rig at VenisonIslands and I fished it. It waspassed on from one toanother.

When I worked on theStraits all the propertybelonging to my grandfatherwas lying up, because I waswith another fellow , When Iwas 20years old I took it overmyself and I sold the fish toFishery Products and LewisDawe ; but in the '30's theRorkes had all the southernpart of the Labrador Coast.We had a house, stage andstore, and we'd just leavethatin the fall of the year andmove back again in thespring. We lived in a placecalled Coxes Cove wherethere were six families, andthose families helped eachother, not like today.Everybody stopped fishing atthe same time. There's not afamily in Coxes Cove today.In Venison Islands therewere about 40 families, and Idon 't say there's 5 there now,and they were all fromCarbonear. These peoplewent to Coxes Cove , VenisonIslands, etc. because whenthe Rorkes came out herefrom England and started abusiness in Carbonear, theyalso started a business on thesouthern part of Labrador.At that time. Rorke had avery large fleet of vessels,which were foreign-going in

(Co nt inued o n page 4)

DeeD Aw.sh, publiahed bi-monthly by tho:Extension Service, Memorial University or Newroundiland, 21 King'.Bridge Road, 51. John'.. Newroundland. E.dit~: Loil Saunder.. A_i.tant Co-ordmator or ReRuch and Infonn..don: Suun Sherk. Photogqphy by Me.!'1orial'. Eduulional Teie¥ision Centre and Extension swr Member..GnphiCJ by bn Stewu1. Printed by Robinson-BIKkmore.

DECKSAWASH

"Hey Joe!That's a mighty queer looking tuna!"

" Hey Joe . that's a mightyqueer looking tuna downthere," yelled a fisherman inone of the luna boats aULe wis por te last summer." It' s not giving much of afight. Say . it weighs as muchas a moose . Pull ' er in. Holymackerel. it 's some sort ofturtle." And sure enough itwas . And not just any or ­lHnary sort of turtle , but oneweighing half a ton . It wastaken to Lewisporte andhauled onto the public pier.The Uni versity was notifiedof this rare and unusualcatch. but they were notinterested, and so Terryturtle hung there fromSaturday to Wednesday .Visitors and tourists from allover came to view thisstrange creature and Tumourhas it that a few had theirfirst taste of turtle soup.Finally, the flies get the bestof poor Terry and he wascarted off to the local dump.

But Terry was not alone. Afew days later his sister Tillywas caught nearby and someresidents of Nain reportedthat a brother. Tony, wascaught off-shore of thatsettlement.

Terry is an Atlanticleather-back who perhapsgot lost as he sought thewarm currents of the GulfStream. Dr . Threlfall ofMemorial University saysthe interesting thing aboutTerry is that he does not havea shell as such, but rather arubbery skin under which liea network of little pebble-likebones which are not con­nected to the rest of hisbones . Generally, he and hisfamily doesn 't weigh over 800lbs. and are between 6 and 7feet in length. Although theycan live to over 50 years in

Terry, the leatherback turtle

the water, they have never returned to their naturallived in captivity, and it is home , the sea, if caught andsuggested that th ey be still in good condition.

....--- - - - Contents-------.Tales of the Labrad or _

"A Mighty Queer looking Tune! .. ~-

Ghost Fishing _

The crab fisherY ~----_::_---6

Transportation Special Paqes 7 to 30

Cultural olympics 31

Round 'n At-out 32

Gros Marne Par k 34

" Newfound land Scoff" 35

Women's World 36 and 37

Craft Corner 38

The Last wordisyoo rl 38

DECKS

AWASH

Cyril Pike

(CoII .illued from pogt' l)

the winter. Tbese peopleused to go down on theLabrador and catch fish forRorke and in the winter theirjob was taking it across . So.they worked for Rorkewinter and summer.

This was the fishermen'slife . on the foreign-goingships in the winter time. andfishing on the Labrador inthe summer. Some peopledrew for berths - aroundPetty Harbour, etc. - but wedidn't. we'd go down andhave the same berths overand over, just passed down.There may be a new familycome here and that caused abit of trouble because the) 'had no berths, and had to getthem from someone.

In 19t2 I worked at GooseBay . In April we wanted to gofishing and we saw there wasno way in getting up andgetting back to the Labradorin time to go fishing in theear-ly spring. So we decidedthat we'd look for a team ofdogs and go south to Cape St.Charles which was HO miles.we went to a place calledOtter Creek and we found afellow by the name of GlenCampbell and asked him totake us south to Cape St.Charles. He said he would ifhe coulc.l get a loan of hisuncle's leading dog . He wasnever south and he needed adog that had been south. Hegot the dog and we left GooseBay the next morning. Wedrove almost out to Rigolet,before we left Gros WaterBay, then we went allthrough the country towardsCartwright. None of us knewwhere we were going , we justdepended on the dog , he wasour pilot. Any day that hecouldn't get his scent, or seethe tops of the hills becauseof drifts, he just wouldn't go,he'd lie down; and when thetops of the hills becameclear, up he'd get and go

again. We were driving 21days - we drove the wholecoastof Labrador. We stayedwith different people overthat time, but there is onefellow that I would like tosee, and that 's Mike . fartin­we stayed with his motherfor three days.

There was four of us andwe were all single, and I'dsay it was the best trip I hadever had in my Hfe. Weweren't scared at all. Thatdog knew exactly where togo. We stopped every night.Down there every sixty orseventy miles the Govern­ment got a till, a little shackto get into, so we went fromone tilt to another. Once wegot to Cape St . Charles westar ted fishing .

I would like to retire ineither Cartwright, NorthWest River, or Mary 'sHarbour . There 's no betterplaces in the world .

I gave up fishing and Icouldn 't drive a nail straight. I was a fisherman, that'sall . I went to St. John's tolook for a job , and a fellow bythe name of Rendall Steadgave me my job. He told meto go in his carpenter shop ona ten-day trial , and if Ipr ove d. sue cessful in le ndays. he would keep methere; if not, I had to get out.I stayed there for twelvemonths, and learned thetrade in that time, and camehome and bought my own rigand since that I imagine Ihave built close to SO houses,plus the shop work. I missedfishing at first, but not now.

I believe all this money theGovernment is spending onthose longliners is nonsensebecause we had about 30 footboats down on the Labradorand we landed some bigvoyages of fish in smallerboats. When I was goingdown there in those years wehad no gill nets. Now they a reusing gill nets and this issomething that is absolutely

no good . it's a smotheredfish that dies in his ownblood . You wouldn't ea t aperished animal, so cod fishthat 's caught in gill nets isperished fish. If my wifecocked two fish here , and shecooked one that was caughtin a trap or with a hook, andgive me one that was caughtin a gill net. I sure can tell.It's not the sa me fish, Iwouldn't buy it. A long gillnet that goes out to sea willfish as long as it's in the sea.It 's not altogether thoseforeign fleets coming into OUT

country taking our . fish.

I listen to all the televisionnews about the Ilshe ry, but

J.'U truthfully say that theGovernment is 10 yearsbehind on the HamiltonBanks. This is the spa wningground for our fishery . Theyhave had bad years on theLabrador fishery becausethe fish that come into thecoastline from this Banksummer time are beingtaken during the winter bythe Russians and otherforeign fleets. I think if this isnot stopped within the nextyear or two, the Labradorfishery will be a completefailure.

The fishermen today aredepending on the Govern­ment too much. Everythingtoday is a hand-out . When wewent under Confederation,Joey Smallwood told thefishermen to burn the boats.A lot of people went after thisbig money on the land. Youtake right here in Carbonear,every family one time grewtheir vegetables. Now thatland is gone . Even the farmland that's still here , nobodyuses it . Talking about han ­<louts . a man with ninechildren, his self and hiswife, gets $510 . what's hegoing to work for? In themeantime, he can get hismoney and he ca n take thesechild ren berry picking in the

DECKSAWASH

Ghost Fis hing

Is it hurting our fishery?Ghost fishing means

fishing with gill nets whichcontinue to fish long afterthey have been lost . For anumber of years there have"been low murmerings amongfishermen that gill nets werebeing lost by the dozens butcontinuing to pick up fish bythe dozens , hundreds andthousands. However, fewpeople took notice of theserumblings and no researchhas been done on the subject.

Gill nets are made of monofilament and last for yearsand years. If the nets are putout one day to be collectedthe next and a storm comesup in between, a fishermanmay not get back to his netsfor a week or more. The netsbreak loose and because ofthe floating head rope, the

Cyril Pika(Conti nued [ram page 4)

su m mer and pick 50 or 60ga llons a day, and get 51.00 agallon and he can pick up this$510. What is he goi ng towor ry a bout land for?

This DREE money is justthrown away. If they gaveme $100,000 I'd do a lot betterthan the crowd is doing withit.

You take all the land in thiscountry , why can 't theGovernment have a farmgrowing vegetables? They 'llgo in there and clear berryground and a young fellow inthere now got $39 ,000 just toburn the berry bushes. Theyare in there with oil now justto burn these berry bushes­that 's a squander of money,it's ridiculous . This is a badexample to kids, becausethey are not going to workeither, if they can get moneylike $510.

nets float and catch fish . Thefish die and their we ightcauses the nets to sink. Thefish then rot out of the netsand the nets rise to ca tchmore fish which die cau sin gthe nets to sink ... and so onfor 25 or maybe 50 yea r s.

Iceland had the s am etrouble several years agoand were the firs t to re port it ,but because there a re notboth Federal and ProvincialMinisters of Fisheries a ndbecause there is no co m­petition between pr ovinc es ,they were able to es ta blis hgill net policies qui ckly . Forexample, areas wher e gillnet fishing is not allo wedwere established a nd a rea swhere gill net fishing isallowed for certain periods ofthe year were als oestablished. And they a reselective in terms of the sizeof the mesh. Harold Collins ,our Provincial Minister ofFisheries, feels that ifsimilar restrictions .areplaced on Newfoundland 'sgill nets, it would hamper the

. inshore fisherman and" pr actically make it im­possible for them to competewith the offshore people a talL"

Gill nets are used bec ausethey are efficient and youcan get a $25. bounty to buyone. But they are almost tooefficient because they fishbig fish which are the firstfish to SUCCU'TI b in intensivefishing. As Dr. Templeman,formerly of the FisheriesResearch Board says, "Agreat number of these moreefficient ways of fishing inthe end turn out to be almosttoo efficient. If you wer e theonly one able to use a gill net,you would do very well , but ifeveryone catches the fishand competes with yo u, the

sto ck is lowered to the poin twhere you don 't catch a nymore than you did beforewith the inefficient ways ." Infact . Norway found gillnetting so destructive ,seve ral years ago, on theirsp awning halibut in th efiords . that they ga ve it upand Dr . Templeman adds ,"o f course , we've had ahistory of quick reductionswith our turbot in TrinityBay with the gill netfishery ."

Hvwever, gill nets are alsogood because they can catchsuc h fish as gray sole .Ilounder and turbot whichar e found on rough bottomswhere a line or a draggercannot easily go.

Another advantage of thegill net is you can leave it outover night, but that's been itsdownfall because stormscome up and the nets breakloose . It has been suggestedthat legislation be issuedrequiring fishermen to pickup their nets the same day,but imagine the Departmentof Fisheries manpower thatwould be required to checkon each net.

Of course, the obviousdisadvantage of the gill net isthe inferior qualify of the fishit catches (see Cyril Pike,pag e l ).With a longline mostfish are caught when the lineenters the water and thebaits are moving. So you setthe line and begin to haulimmediately. And the onlychance of losing a longline iswhen it breaks.

With a gill net you leave itover night, risking th echance of losing the gear.And since a fish is in a gill netlonger than on a line andsin ce a fish dies quicker in agill net, you have double the

(Continued on nut page)

The crab fishery

DECKSAWASH

Ghost Fishing(Contin ued (rom page 5)

reduced quality . However. ithas to be remembered that ifa fisherman doesnt get paid(or better quality, it's nothigher quality for thefisherman .

It has been said that manyof the gill nets are being lostbecause the fishermen reallydon't have to pay much forthem. While that used to betrue when the bounty firstcame out , the price of a gillnet is now over $90. and thereis hardly a fisherman whowould be deliberatelycareless aboulleaving a $65.net in the water.

Just how many gill arelost? There is no way ofknowing, but one fishermansaid he knew a man who hadlost over 800. And it would bevery difficult to research.You would have to hire a boatto drag the bottom of verydeep water and thatdragging might do moreharm than good.

Research is also neededinto just how bad GhostFtshing is to the fishery . No

The snow or queen cra b,the plaque of the gill-net andtrap fisherm an has emergedas a viabl e fishery produ ct .Over 5 million pounds of livecrabs were sold last year, foran annual figure of 1.5million pounds of product.The price paid to fishermenis 16c per pound, and , it isexpected to rise.

The longliner fisherm ancan convert his boat to cr abfishing simply . The gurdy heuses for pulling gill-nets canbe used to haul pots , and the

(Continued on page 31)

one re ally knows . They canonly guess. Maybe all thesenels have become tangled upin themselves and are not athr eat. But maybe they aredestroying the fisherybecause those lost gill netsa re catching more fish thanar e being hauled by thefishermen themselves. Noone knows and to find out, aresea rc h vessel is neededwith divers who could go invery deep depths . As Dr .Templeman says, "Youwould hav e to deliberatelyleave nets out and see whathap pens over long periods oftim e, unless you could find alot of nets that were lost."

One thing seems to becertain. People are not asenthusiastic about gill nelsas they once were . On thesouthwes t coast, they gaveup gill net fishing voluntarilysome ye ars ag o and a fewweeks ago they submitted apetition to Harold Collins toprevent gill net fishing fromRose Blanche to Bay S1.George . Eric King fromBurnt Islands says the NovaScotia boats are coming overnow and gill netting and he is

A crab pot

afraid that these gill nets willsoon deplete the fishery.

Harold Collins feels thatgill netting is not the mostefficient means any moreand partly because of GhostFishing. He feels the gillnetting effort on the eastcoast has got to be changedbut it's not something thatcan be done ove r n igh t.Traditionally the east coastfishermen have used codtraps. Then they got involvedin gill nets and it 's fairlyproductive...for a while. " Toget them to go to hook andline is going to be hard, butwe're going to try. We'regoing to ha ve to do a lot ofdemonstration work, a lot ofexperimentation , maybeutilizing automatic handlines and tra wl baiters and soon." Mr. Collins further saidin Notre Dame Bay "therewere always a few spots ofground, s mall banks orwhatever, where you couldgo and get some fish byjigger, hook, line or there."All those grounds are nowbeing fished by gill nets , andI don't know, but I suspectthat most of the ground isprobably covered with gillnets which are GhostFishing. So that ruins anychance that people wouldhave of going back with hookand line trawl.

If you know of gill nets thathave been lost, please writeor call us and tell where andhow many. And if you haveever lost a gill net only to findit some weeks or ; monthslater, please let us knowv AsDr. Templeman says, "iffishermen who have found orlost nets could be located,this would be the only realinformation that exists apartfrom the early stuff fromIceland." And then we canbegin to see Just how muchGhost Fishing is affectingour fishing effort.

DECKSAWASH

"The N ewfie Bulle' " - Garlond St udioJ Photo.

Transportation in NewfoundlandThe strike against

Canadian National this pastsum mer and its consequenttie-up of goods andpassengers had onebeneficial erreer forNewfoundland. It made U8

realize Just how dependantwe are on those wbo deliverthe goods.

After the strike was over,m os1Caoadi ans found thingssettled into their norm alpattern after only a fewweeks .

No 80 In Newfoundland."Backlog" became afamiliar phrase and it wasnot until late December thatCanadian National was ableto announce that freight wasDO longer backed up, but wasmoving normally.

Just how effident Is tbemovement of freight intoNewfoundland? Asking

Canadian National's PublicRelations would get a replylike this, "We're workingaround the clock. There is abacklog of only 300,400 or 500cars and we're moving themat the rate of 100a day. We'llhave the whole thing clearedup in a matter of a fewdays."

Perhaps a first hand lookwould tell a different story.Perhaps what works onpaper might not work as wellon the road . The real In ­formation would only comewhen you talked to the guysin the sheds, on the trains,the wharves, the ships .

What follows is the resultof some of those een ­venations that took placeover a two-week period Inearly December, and bet­ween 51. John's and Monc·Ion.

TAKIN' A TRIP

There was a lot of diggingto do to get on-the-spot In­formation about our Island'stransportation problems.While the Florida-likeweather held, I decided totake a trip .

H was earlyone morning inDecember. The temperaturehovered at the freezingmark, and when I left St.John's the road was dry .However, having lived inNewfoundland for 40 oddyears, 1 was equipped withsnow tires , a shovel, somesand, extra clothing and asleeping bag - just in case.

For the road would lead meto Moncton, over long, wearystretches, and through someor Canada's worst snowbelts. I wouldn't get homeagain until mid-December,

Woody Point

DECKSAWASH

The sun came up andwarmed the cabin of mycamper, and pond after pondwas open· no sign whateverof old man win ter . I stoppedand walked beside a littleriver. The birds were merry.the sun warmed my face , andthe wind barely stirred a fewdead leaves along the bank.It could have been Sep­tember. Surely, I thought,there can 't be another placein the world where you canbe at peace like this .

.... WOODY POINT

1 didn't stay long because Iwanted to reach Woody Pointby dark . I drove at 50 rn.p.b.to save fuel, and everythingon the road passed me , oftenwith an angry blast of thehorn. The problems of theworld barely touch thisIsland.

I stopped long enough for aquick lunch· a hamburgerand coffee at a littlerestaurant near Grand Falls.It cost me a begrudged 96cents. 'Twasn't so long agothat lunch cost me lessthan 50 cents.

The sun stayed with methrough the day and the dryroads made for goodprogress. But, lord,Newfoundland is long! It wasnearly 4 o'clock when Ireached Deer Lake.

Now the easy travel wasover. The scenery wasmagnificant, but the roadbetween Deer Lake andWoody Point was one long,white, slippery, agony. Thesnow wasn't deep, but it waspacked and smooth and theNational Park's people hadsprinkled only a thin layer ofsand, and then only on thesteepest spots, (they say theroad gets less attention onSunday's than week-days).The 45 miles took nearly 2hours!

Woody Point is on the southside of Bonne Bay and up to 3years ago travellers to theNorthern Peninsula had to go

through there and take a carferry to Norris Point. Nowthe road around the northside of the ba y has beenopened. But the people of thesouth side still depend on theferry. The hospital is inNorris Point, and if you wantto visit friends , or attendmeetings, on the other side,you either drive 70 miles ortake the ferry . There.are still2 boats on the run, but theyeach make only 1 run every 2hours. The trip across takesonly 15 or 20 minutes, so thismeans the boat is lying idlemore than half the time.Each ferry has its own crew,who also sit and wait, but thisover-supply of equipmentdoesn't mean an over-supplyof service, because often theferries wait until they seeenough passengers on theother side to make the tripacross. Or they decide,without any apparent reason,to cancel the last run of theday. One man I talked to hadgone to see the doctor the daybefore, but when he went tothe wharf to go home on the 8o'clock trip, he found it hadbeen cancelled, so he had toseek out a bed from a friend.This, they told me, is all toocommon. The people havecomplained, both to the ferryowners and to th e depart­ment, bu t "who iii t he

department? It doesn't haveany ears! "

BACK ON TilEI.ONG ROAD AGAIN

The trip up the hill out ofWoody Point on Mondaymorning was anything but ajoy . The hills are steep andcurved . AND LONG. Againthe sun was riding high, andtogether, the camper and I,we slipped. slid andstruggled. But we made it ­without serious mishap, butwith very high fuel con­sumption. It was with a sighof relief tha t I turned onceagain onto the Trans Canadaand dry pavement.

.... PORT AUX BASQUESThe trip to Port aux

Basques was over in quicktime and my first visit was tothe CNR to book passage forthe night crossing. "That'llbe $49.00 for a return trip,"said the ticket agent. Tha tain 't hay , I thought, but then,I guess , neither of us is ahorse .

I was in Port aus Basquesto ask questions. I had hearda great many complaints to Itried them out on a friend.He's an employee orCN, as ise ve ryone else in the town ,and he has some axe to grind.However, he insisted thatCNin Port aux Basques washighly efficient, and wellable to handle everything

-

DICKSAWASH

The ferry Lief Eirilwon

ATSEAThe Lief Erikson is a

striking looking vessel withher bulbous nose and littl eblac k bonnel. The car deckwas nearly empty. Not mu chmoving, 1 thought, with anea r em pty shed and anear er empty ship. 1 won-

dered what all the backlogcom motion was about. I wasto find ou t!

P as seng er accommoda-tions couldn 't be more ap­pealin g. A sm all , dimly litba r played soft music, whilethe pass eng ers sipped iceddrinks served by a courteouscr ew. The cabin was s mallbut warm, and smelled offreshly washed linen . A calmse a , a starry nigh t, a tiredtrav eller, and the 6 hourcross ing passed in perfectco mfor t.

But it was all too s hor t 5o' clock in the morning therewa s a knock on the door anda voi ce said, " Ship isdock ing . Tim e for break­fas t "

I dragged my weary bonesdutifully out of the bunk, atea hearty and tasty breakfast,drove ashore and, withoutpausing to look back, headedfor Moncton. The earlymorning was clear, the roadswere dry . Might as well get itover with, I thought, whilethe weather holds. Little did Iknow what mid-day wouldbring!

A rere mom rn t o{pea« in Port eux Basquescoming onto the Island: He barrels, about a dozen ofsaid the only problem with them, and another crew wasmoving the freight was moving cartons markedcaused by a lack of rolling "fragile." (If they cont ain edstock, but that this wasn't the delicate glassware, theyfault of the railway. but of didn't make the trip in onethe receiving companies who piece!)tended to hang onto the carsfor longer than necessary.I'd heard that one before,and I was to hear it again ­many times .

NEWFIE GE RMS9:30 I turned up at the

dockside to be informed I hadto have the camper washedto remove any Newfie germsI might be carrying. A lit tlemiffed. I complied. I learnedla te r tha t this car wash hadbeen dubbed the "$5 milliondisaster". It was built a fewyears ago when Newfoun­dland was found to have arampant potato bug. Unableto overtax Port aux Basques'limited water supply, theequipment was designed torecycle the water. Wonderwhat it might have cost touse sea water?

Anyhow , I ended up with amighty clean camper!

Waiting for the "Lief" toleave. 1 wandered about theshed to see the great backlogI'd been hearing about. Butthe shed was nearly empty!and the crews wereskylarking ! They weremoving what looked like oil

companied by a vehicleahead marked "WIDELOAD" and wearing flashinglights. A Nova Scotiaregulation that doesn't applyin Newfoundland.

Noon found me nearingTruro, but by now theweather began to worry me.lt began to snow, and thewind carried drifts acrossthe road. I slowed to 30.Then, the snow turned tosleet. 1 slowed t020. The windhowled, trucks roared past.heaving sheets of dirty slushacross the windshield. Ibegan to sweat, my handsheld tightly to the wheel. Thecamper is high and light andsomehow the friendlinesshad left the road. Now andagain a road sign said "lOSWEST " . I wondered if I hadlost my senses. A Newfieheading west just 3 weeksbefore Christmas in a drivingsleet storm. Three hourslater I stumbled into Monc­ton, tired, dirty, but thankfultha t the next time I got on theroad the signs would read,"105 EAST".

MONCTONMoncton is the tran­

sportation capital of theMaritimes. The CN yard andbuildings are huge, oc­cupying several city blocks.And here opera tes theAtlantic Provinces Tran­sportation Commission, abody set up in 1925 andfunded by all four AtlanticProvinces. (It was set upthen because ofdissatisfaction with railservices - 50 years ago!)

The function of the Com­mission is to advise businessin the Marttimes on thecheapest and best way to usethe transportation systems.They keep files on all rates,circulate helpful in­formation, negotiate withcarriers for transportationusers, advise provincialgovernments for possiblepolicy decisions, andgenerally attempt to im-

but they were all ac-

eN yards in Mo ncton

BACK ON TilE DIFFERENCESLONG ROAD. ... With daylight and better

vision I began to noticestriking differences betweenNova Scotia and Newfoun­dland. Most striking is thefar wider road. There is agood paved shoulder, as wellas a rough shoulder. Ilearned later, too, that theTrans Canada Highwayacross Nova Scotia iscapable of carrying muchgreater weights than ours.The country side is moreopen and hundreds of farmsdolled the way. The roadsare far better marked, withoverhead road signs, too, sothat the visitor knows muchmore surely where thechosen road lies. The speedzones too are different Onthe mainland the signs say"keep right except to pass",where Newfoundland signssay "slower traffic keepright" . The system works inNova Scotia where it is amore positive command.

I counted the trailer trucksI met on the way - those Ithought might be headed forNewfoundland. I counted 71between Canso and Moncton,but there must have been atleast twice that number oftrucks hauling pulpwood. forone of Nova Scotia 's pulp­mills. A dozen mobile homeswere travelling the road too,

DECKSAWASH

The traffic. even a t thishour, was fairly heavy - hugetransport trucks sped by andat 8 o'clock dawn found me100 miles west and on theCanso Causeway. I joinedsome of the drivers in arestaurant for some coffee.They 'd been on the road allnight and intended crossingthe Gulf on the Lief EriksonI'd just left. Many of thesedrivers own their own trucks,and they lake "wakies­wakies" to keep them going.(The sooner they get orr­loaded, the sooner they canget back for another trip),Some of the drivers like tocross the Gulf at night, andspend the hours sleeping.Others prefer day trips.These guys also sleep on thecrossing, but they claimnight driving is better thanday because they can seeapproaching vehicles farsooner by their lights. Theyalso find less patrols at night,and if you've got 1,000miles aday or more to move,somehow the miles go fasterwhen the moun ties areasleep. I had always dislikedmeeting these trucks on theroad. Now I would take evengrea ter care.SOME STRIKING

DECKSAWASH

Mr. Craig Dickson

pro ve all systems. I talked tothe Man age r oC the Com­mission, Cra ig Dickson. Hegave me a few shocks.

I asked. rather naively,how rail freight costscompare with truck freightcosts, only to find that therates (called tariffs), arecontained in a whol e lib raryof books and that everyconceivable type, size andweight of merchandise wasrated differently.

Historically. freight rateshave grown according towhat the tr-affic will bear.T h~ railways wanted tomake a pro fit, but they alsowanted to keep the economymoving. So, they adjustedtheir rates as they wentalong.

Th is variation of rates goeson all ove r North America.but it makes it very difficultto make comparisons.

Mr. Dickson believes thatthe cost of transportation isbla med far too much for thehigh cost of goods to theco ns ume r. He saysNewfoundland's rates arehigher because all freighthas farther to go and becauselittle freight is moved out ofthe Province. However, hethinks the effect of thisgreater cost is emphasizedfar too muc h.

Although support of the

Atlantic Provinces Tran­sportation Commission isgiven on a per capita basis byall four provinces, fewNewfoundland companieshave taken advantage of theservice offered. The Com­mission is used far more bybusinesses in the other threeprovinces.

A MONO POLY?A write-up on the Canadian

Freight Association showsthat this body representsnearly all railways inCanada, and it is' thisAssociation which decides onrates. They go so far as torequire members to submittheir bills to other membersto be certain they aresticking to the rates, notgoing above nor below thoseagreed on. ( I wonderedsilently if this might be amonopolistic situation, whichis unfair at the same time asit would be illegal). Theregulations regarding themovement of freight throughNew Brunswick, NovaScotia, Prince EdwardIsland, Quebec and Ontario,are aU different and thesedifferences mean higherfreight rates. They alsomean a less free movementwhich slows up freight andinhibits the growth of thetrucking industry . TheCouncil of MaritimePremiers has been workingon this problem. But PremierSmallwood did not alwaysattend these meetings.

A NE W KINDOF EXPE RT

Freight movement inCanada as a whole has in­creased by about 13 per centover the past two years. InNewfoundland the increasehas been as much as 5 percent greater than theCanadian figure. This in­crease in freight, coupledwith the complicated tariffrating system, has given riseto a new bus iness - thetransporta tion adv iso r ycompany. I vis ited one such

TRANSPORTATION COSTSCan be a"COSHY" Facto

..... UNLESSYOUR FIRMRECOGNIZESTHISfACT ANO DOESSOMETHING ABOUTIT!WE DARE YOU TO READTHIS BROCHURE IN ITSENTIRETY

company in Moncton. headedby M. Richard.

These companies offerservices similar to theTransportation Commission.They advise shippers andreceivers on the cheapestand most efficient way to usethe various transportationsystems. If a receivingcompany believes it has beenover-charged on ce rtai ns hipments, these com pa nieswill help pre pare a claim ifan over-charge has beenmade. They charge a fee, butthen they may be more ef­ficient, having a smallworkload.

The company alsoprepares applications for theFederal subsidy on freig htmovement for truckingfirms . This subsidy wasintroduced in 1970 to helptruckers to compete wit h CNfre ig ht move ment. (CN itselfis' heavily su bsidized by theFederal Government).

M. Richa rd has found thatmost Maritime companiesare too small to afford atraffic manager. His com­pa ny has some dealings witha fe w companies inNewfoundland, but as yetthey have not established abranch here.

M. Richard believes thatNe wfoundland's transpor­tation problems are com­plicated by the fact that thereceiv ers of all services,freight and passenger, do not

DECKSAWASHhave as great a variety ofmodes of transport to choosefrom. Fewer truckingcompanies operate in theProvince. because all freighthas to cross the water andbecause of the difficulty inlicencing and rate setting inNewfoundland. (In the otherthree provinces carriers filerates only. In Newfoundlandthese must be approved).Most carriers must go backfrom the Island without whatthey call a "backload".

M. Richard also believesvery few truckers inNewfoundland are claimingtheir rights under theFederal Government subsidyprograms, because theannouncements about theplan were not publishedwidely enough. (Under thisplan a trucker can claim$175.00 on every $1.000 worthof freight moved),

SOTlIEYSAYIn November in

Newfoundland manybusiness people still claimedfreight was backed up on themainland . I wondered, while1 was in Moncton, what theCN Public Relations peoplemight tell a New Brunswickreporter about the situation.One reporter made the callfor me. He was told thatfreight must not be allowedto back-up in North Sydneybecause it would hamperoperations there.Backlogged freight was heldat Truro and Moncton. Hesaid there were about 100 railcars moving across the Gulfevery day and the backlogthen stood at about 400.However, he said the longesttime any car was held was 7or 8 days at that time. Henoted one of the problemswas the inability ofNewfoundland ports tohandle the movement offreight.

BACK ON THE LONG .....I had lunch in Moncton at a

small seafood restaurantoperated by two Frenchwomen. I had a tomato

sandwich, piece of pie and acup of coffee. The price? 50cents.

I left Moncton under rainyskies. but the sign said "105EAST". At last I was headedfor home. I had no idea that alittle trip from St. John's toMoncton, would take menearly 1,000 miles. We'refurther apart than we think.

TRUROTruro is an old town, old

and a bit dilapidated. CNemployees were a bit on thedefensive when they knew aNewfoundlander wanted toknow how freight moved inand out of their yardsdestined for North Sydney.They did say, though, thatthey operated under asystem whereby NorthSydney's yard master or­dered a certain number ofbacklogged cars for tran­sport that day. Theybemoaned the fact thatMoncton always shippedmore than their share, whichalways left them a bitjammed. One wonders howmuch concern there is ineither Moncton or Trurowhen freight bound for theGulf interferes with thenormal movement ofMaritime freight. They alsomentioned that freightmovement sometimes has tobe selective. For example, acertain number of cars canbe transferred "fr-uck-to­truck". (There is a lift inPort aux Basques whichpicks up the car, the stan­dard guage wheels are rolledout from beneath and narrowguage wheels are put inplace). They attempt to keepthe truck-to-truck systemmoving, but some freight istoo heavy for this systembecause it would over-weighthe car moving on narrowwheels.

So if your freight is held uplonger than necessary, itmight mean it has to await aset schedule in Port auxBasques. Nobody's fault,just the system's. (Tell that

to the man who is waitingthree months for his potatochips) . Another examplemight be explosive materialsthat have to be placed in acertain part of the car, in acertain place on the train tocut down on the danger ofexplosion during shipment.

Leaving Truro behind, thegathering dusk found mehigh tailing it east. The onlyscene of passing interest onthe way was of several huge­and I mean huge". trailershauling loads of Christmastrees bound for Mon­treaL.Shades of hearth andhome ~ the trees, I mean.

The need for food and restcaught me in Antigonish - thecollege town. The first hotelblinked a warm welcome,but the dinner of pan-friedsalmon and cold pota toes - ata cost of $6.50 - left a greatdeal to be desired. AnyNewfoundland restaurantwould do better out of a can!

TO MULGRAVEEscaping the Antigonish

breakfast (at a whop ping$2.75 for one egg), a dullTh ursday morning had meon the road for North Syd ney.I stopped at the Ca nsoCauseway again and as keddirections for Mulgrave •another Nova Scotia portoffe ring "services" to theover-burdened Newfound­la nd-bound fleet.

Mulgrave was a sight tobehold.

In the teaming rain, theyard was a sea of mud. ,Thecaptain I was looking for wason a long distance phone callin the "office". An old railcar served as office, lunchroom, shelter, etc. for theyard men, the foreman, thecaptains and crew of in-portvessels. The next time theytalk about Mulgrave as aport for loading Newfoun­dland. cargo, I thought, I'llknow what they mean, Theymean an excuse for analternate porL

DICKS

AWASH

The Avalon Trader and theElizabeth were moored. andthe Elizabeth was loadingflour for the south west coast."Look at that," the captainsaid. "we're not allowed tooff-load in the rain. Whowants his flour or hiswallboard soppen wet?" TheTrader wasn't loading. Shehad just crippled back to porthaving blown a gasket thenight before when she wasfour miles off land. (llearned later that she wasmore than two weeks waitingfor parts>,

These vessels are not eNowned, but chartered on along-term basis. Unlike thecrews of eN vessels. whowork two weeks on, twoweeks off, the crews of thesevessels work year round,sometimes getting a holiday,sometimes not. Livingconditions are not what theaverage passenger seesaboa rd the larger coastalboats , and getting crewmembers is becoming in­creasingly difficult.

Man y of the ships havelong outlived their times! too.Captain Tom Dower claimedin December theNewfound land Coast wasunseaworthy and demandedsa fety checks be madebefore he would take hiscre w to sea again.

The coastal boat service inNewfoundland cannot be apr ofit able one. CN ispr oviding a service on thecoast, not a business. Onelar ge company in SL John'sto ld of a salesman whoshipped three suitcases to StAnthony from Corner Brook.The charge for the service?67cents. Charges are thesame whether you own thebiggest company inNewfoundland, or you are afisherman shipping nets.Ship ping costs have risen 300per cent in the past 12months. Freight rates arebased on "what the trafficwill bear", and the traffic to

13

coastal communities will notbear much higher costs . Ifour coasts are to continuehaving freight moving bysea , we are going to have toput up with inadequatevessels and with low, inef­ficient service.

NORTHSYDNEYThe town of North Sydney

looks anything butprosperous. It exists solelyas a port of exit for goods andpeople tra vetting toNewfoundland. It is not in­volved in any way with themovement of freight throughNova Scotia .

The CN yards are largeand open, and there was noevidence of backlogged carsor trucks. The large parking

~~t~r:::i:efe~e~~brli~t:~~~waiting to go across the Gulfand a few truck backs. (Theport offers a service wherebytrucking companies droptheir truck backs in NorthSydney, CN tractors haulthem aboard either theStenna boats or the carferries, CN tractors hault hem of( the ships in Port auxBasques, and the companies

send tractors then to P or taux Basques to haul themacross the Is la nd to t heirdestination. This saves thecost of transporting both thetractor and the driver ac rossthe Gulf) .

An 18 hour vigil around thewaterfront suggested manyproblems that would bearinvestigation on the otherside .

A ROUGH TRIPFriday morning dawned

dr-y and calm . Anxious to getback to the old rock again, Ibooked passage for the daycrossing, There's no problemfor passengers this time ofyear; they are given priority.A fellow passenger wasequally anxious to get home.He sold his new overcoat anda pai r of boots for $6.00 theprice of his ticket and a packof cigarettes.

All was ca lm leaving por t,but it wasn 't long bef oreheavy seas struck the vesse land we began to roc k andpound. Lunc h was tasty a nda trip aro und the vessel withStewardess Mar y Yar n was apleasant excu rsion. Maryhas been a eN stewar dessnow for years, an d her job is

Carbolic acid mo)'ing slowly through the yards in Port QUX Basques.

DECKSAWASH'to entertain passengers, seeto their little wants - and holdthem up when they getse as ick. Like all expassenger crews that I havemet, Mary is a pleasant,helpful hostess, and being theonly woman aboard that day,I was given royal treatment

Five hours of pounding inthe Lief, though, and all Iwanted to do was sit still andhope my stomach would staywhere it belonged. We hadbeen a bit late leaving NorthSydney, so we didn't arrivein Port aux Basques until7:00.

The old seaport neverlooked so good. My two Ieetback on Terra Nova and mystomach back under control,I prepared to spend threedays asking questions abouthow our freight is handled inthis tiny entry to a hugespace whose inhabitants arestretched so thinly.

PORT AUX BASQUESMy three days under cool,

sunny skies revealed amosaic of problems, largeand small.

The following is in­formation from interviewswith captains on the Gulf,from members of thevessels' crews and fromonshore CN employees in

North Sydney and Port aux ­Basques:THE FACILITIES

Everything coming intothe Island must come bywater, through a port, and inorder for the movement to beefficient everything must bewell balanced. The portfacilities must be able tohandle the ships that aremoving; the ships must be ofa size to handle the capacitymoving and must be built forthese waters. The loadingand unloading crews must beavailable to move the freightas it arr-ives: and thesecrews must have modernequipment with which tohandle the freight. None ofthese factors operateproperly.

We have a narrow guagerailway, one of two in theworld. (The other one is inMexico and operates as atouristaUraction only). If wewere to build a standardguage railway inNewfoundland it would go along way towards solving theproblem of the slowmovement of freight. But theexpense of this railwaywould be immense and ourpopulation is small. (TheIsland alone is exactly thesame size as West Germany.

Our population is half amillion. West Germany'spopulation is sixty-twomillion - three times thepopulation of the whole ciCanadat I

To compensate for thenarrow guage railway, CNhas installed a system theycall truck-to-truck transfer.The sheds in Port auxBasques have three rails andfour huge lifts operatingfrom the ceiling which pickup the rail car, the standardguage wheels are slippedfrom beneath the car andnarr-ow.guage rails move in.The lifts lower the car on thenarrow wheels and she isfastened into place. Thewhole operation takes abouteight minutes. But thissystem has problems.

For one thing, the carsthemselves must be smallerthan those on standard guageand must carry less weightbecause over-loading wouldmean over-balancing the carand she could tip over.

Because Newfoundland isthe only place these cars areused, new rolling stock is notbeing built anymore (or it istoo expensive to build), andNewfoundland is usingequipment which is no longergood enough to use on theCanadian mainland.

The cars are in sbortsupply for this reason, so inorder to use the truck-to­truck system, all cars mustbe in use at all times. ButNewfoundland businessmenare often holding these carsin their yards for longer thannecessary, because they donot have the warehousingnecessary to unload Im­mediately.

Another problem with railrolling stock is that allequipment is in use con­stantly, and therefore muchof it is badly in need ofoverhaul. But the volume oftraffic will not allow forproper maintenance.

But not all car load lots offreight are transferred by

The Stena Trailer offloading in Port aux Basques

DECKSAWASHthis truck-to-truck system.On the Sunday I was in Portaux Basques, in one eighthour sbttt, 36 r ail cars weremade ready for the tripacross the Island. or the 36,only 15 were transferred inthis way and the remaining21 were unloaded by handfrom a standard guage failcar to a narrow guage car.This operation can lakeanyw here from 30 to 40minutes, compared to theeight minutes needed totransfer t ruck-to-tr-uck. Itmakes more work for themen, but it makes for ex­tremely slow service.

The space in the yard andin the sheds at Port auxBasques is used to strainingpoint. The crews are ex­cellent workers in Port auxBasques (it lakes 12 men tounload what it took 20 men toload in North Sydney), butthese crews can only handlewhat the space will allow. Ifthe yards become jammedthe time for manoeuvering offreight and cars would beincreased so the yards arekept operational by holdingfreight on the mainland ineither Truro or Moncton.

Freight destined for thesouth west coast is alsonormally handled at Portaux Basques. This service istying up a shed and the timeneeded to load the vessels ismuch longer than the othersystems. Freight is off­loaded by hand from railcars into the shed. It is storeduntil a vessel is ready to takeit and then it is again movedby hand and crane across asmall wharf onto the vessel.Car load lots are sometimesloaded in Steadman cars butthese are normally carriedon deck. (Some of the vesselsare also able to carry mobilehomes). You have to see theoperation to appreciate howincredibly slow themovement is. It is quite easyto understand how onebusinessman received his

15

Hallowe'enstocksjust beforeChristmas!

Moncton and Truro are thetwo centres in the Maritimeswhere Newfoundland freightis held up. They are bigyards, but they are alsohandling freight for the restof the Maritimes, and whenour freight is backlogged,this poses seriousmanoeuvering problems andraises the question - Isbacklogged Newfoundlandfreight given nuisance valueonly? North Sydney is keptcomparatively clear becausethe yard manager thereorders only as many carloads of freight from Truroand Moncton that he canhandle comfortably in a day.However, this means that ifthe system is to operatesmoothly, the yards in NorthSydney must be consistentlysupplied. And when I askedone captain why he travelledfrom North Sydney nearlyempty, he replied, "I have tomove on a schedule, and 1can't move freight that isn'tthere ."

Port aux Basques itself isseriously taxed because ofthe geography of the place.Hills hem the yards in on allsides, and the busiest wharf(used by the Stena boats, andthe rail ferries), is right

under the main road!If new shed space is to be

made available for the off­loading of freight, then thepassenger service is going tohave to be moved. CN hasdiscussed building a com­pletely new facility inanother harbour "on the otherside of Port aux Basques, butwhether or not this willsufficiently relieve thepressure of the freightmovement is anyone's guess.There are those who contendthat this move might havebeen sufficient had it beenready in 1973, but that at thistime, it is another bandaidpolicy.TIlE SIIIPS

During the summer thereare 9 ships moving betweenNorth Sydney and Port auxBasques, and 3 betweenNorth Sydney and Argentia .On the surface, the servicelooks good. The ships are big,they're modern, and theircombined carrying capacityseems to be able to cope withthe tremendous increase infreight that is moving intoNewfoundland. However,the Leif Erikson is unable tocarry a full load because hertonnage is limited. She isunable to move when wind ismore than thirty knots, a ndshe 'cannot take the tractor

AWASH

The Wiillarn Carson In Port /lUX Basqul's

S trapping down a rail car aboard the Frederick Carter

THE MEN

(borr owed from the PrinceEdward Island run), canhandle24 rail cars. However,these three vessels all use thesame wharf in Port auxBasques and they share thiswharf with the two maintruck trailer boats, the StenaTrailer and the StenaCarrier. Five ships, whichtogether are able to carry 93rail cars, 50 truck trailersand65 autos, are all using thesame off-loading facility inPort aux Basques!

One captain said thatduring December he had tospend five hours waitingoutside Port aux Basques foranother ship to dock, unload ,load up again , and move out ,before he could berth hisship. There must be a fairamount of juggling to keepthese boats operatingwithout too much hang up.

1\1 any of the vessels usedon the coastal service arechartered by CN and theoldest one is 70 years old.These vessels are badly inneed of refit and are often inpretty shaky condition. Thiskind of thing doesn't lenditself to efficiency becausethe vessels are often brokendown and held up waiting forparts and repairs.

The crews on the vessels,those that meet the public ,ar e a pleasant. helpful lolThe off-loading crews in Portaux Basques are well knownas a hardworking lol (Ittakes 12 men to do the workin Port aux Basques, that ittakes 20 men to do in NorthSydney).

For the most part thesemen are fiercely loyal to eN,but they are naturally moreconcerned with their ownwell-being than with efficientmovement of freight into theProvince. They have opposedany move to automate theservices, and even today thetruck-to-truck transfer of rail

bulk of the tractor trailersacr oss the Gulf, along withthe increased number ofmobile homes. (You canimagine the chaos when oneof thes e trucks breaks loosein the hold. A captain said heca n cu t speed and head theship into the wind until thecrew is able to ge t control,but a cre w me mber said thatno one will go below if a truckis loose in heavy seas).

Dyn a mit e, phosphorousa nd ot he r dangerous orexplos ive shipments are onlycar r ied on the top deck andonly on fine nights .

There are three rail carferries from North Sydney toPort au x Basques. The bestship is the Frederick Carter,ca r rying 39 cars; the StenaSea Trader carries 30, and .the John Hamilton Gray

trailers becau se s he is a sideloa der only I and they ca nno tma noeuve r in the hold. Shelost her rollin g shocks duringlast year's heavy ice, and hassti ll not been repaired. Thisgives her an unusual ban gwhen she hits heavy seas.(Walls hav e been kn own tosp li t during these ban gs ).

The \\ illia m Carson is theQueen of the Eleet. She hasbeen on the ferr y servic esince 1955 and is a good ship .But she is limited to carryingautos and str-aight tru cks orSte ad ma n containers.

There are three Swedishvessels now operating - th eS te n a Trailer, the Sten aCar r ier and the Jarl Tran­sporter. These ships wer ebu ilt for the North Atl antic ,bu t they have a violent roll inhea vy se as . They carry the

DECKS

AWASHcars is done only on two ofthe three shifts . (A year agothe union agreed to allow thesecond shift to handle freighttruck-to-truck). eN ispresently negotiating to havethe transferring of goodsextended to three shifts.

When cars are transferredfrom the standard guage railto the narrow guage, they areable to move to theirdestination wlthcu t everbeing opened. But when a caris opened and the goods aretransferred by hand fromone car to another. thesystem leaves itself wideopen (or ' da maged andpilfered goods. And this isone of the biggest headacheseNhas . Claims for damagedand pilfered goods risedramatically when freighthas to be transferred byhand.

BACK ON THE.. ...I stayed in Port aux

Basques until Monday, but Ifound that leaving for homewasn't simply a matter ofgetting in the camper anddriving away.

-The wind was from thesouth west.. Have you everdriven east from Port auxBasques when the wind is inthat direction? It was no joyride.

I had been warned that if

"the water was rising off BigPond, I should take care.Perhaps I shouldn't try it.The water was rising alright,a good twenty feet in the air.The wind scoops up sheets ofwater and the spray goesstraight upwards. But Ithought I'd try it.Wreckhouse, where LockyMacDougall used to "keepthe wind" , is about 15 milesfrom Port aux Basques .Locky would stand outsidehis house and if the windknocked him off his feet he'dphone CN and tell them tohold the train until the winddropped. The camper is highand light, and when I passedwreckhcuse she was rockingbadly and I had to keep atight hold on the wheel. Justbeyond Wreckhouse therewas a trailer lruck parked ina sand pit. He was facing thewind. I stopped and ran toask him why he was waiting.The wind whipped my coatand my hat went tearing offsomewhere down the Codr oyValley. The driver carne tomeet me and said he waswaiting for the wind tosubside. I asked if he thoughtI should go on. His reply was,"Jeez, no, notin that thing!" .He told me though, that if Ihad to go on I should keep myright wheels on the gravel so

that the camper would betipped and wouldn't take thewind broadside.

I took his first suggestiona nd gingerly moved thecamper into the dugoutbehind him. I left her andwent back into Port auxBasques.

During the afternoon thewind dropped to a dead calmin the town , so I went back totry again. But it was evenworse by this time. At onepoint a rock the size of yourfist came flinging rightacross the road in front of thewindshield. It was raining,but no ordinary rain, this.Long sheets of water toredown from the mountain,across the road and out intothe mouth of the Gulf of SlLawrence. A mobile homehad gone off the road theweek before and there wasnothing left of her but someshreds of yellow siding. Thisstretch of road has got to bethe cleanest stretch of roadin North America!

I went back to Port auxBasques again. That nightabout 8 o'clock I tried again.This time I made it, thoughthe wind, which was stillcalm in Port aux Basques,was still quite high on that 10mile stretch.

There are signs on the roadwarning strangers about thedanger, but the signs maywell not be noticed, and theone on the eastern end of thebad area is about 2 milesbeyond the point where youmeet the first really badwindy corridor. Before I leftPort aux Basques thatmorning I had checked withthe HCMP and the LoranStation near Cape Hay andhad been told I would have notrouble. Perhaps thereshould be some system ofwarning, or even preventing,motorists from moving whenthe wind is bad.

Next morning, havingbreakfast with a CN busdriver, the topic of can-

The result of this has beenthat stores do not stock thevariety they should, and thewest coast consumer has hadto buy what the stores havefor sale. But the consumerhas not quarrelled with thestores over this. Nor havethey quarrelled about thepoor quality and limitedsupply of fresh foods.Businessmen in CornerBrook believe theNewfoundland shopper is notnearly vocal enough. If theywere putting pressure onbusiness to do somethingabout this, the businessmanin turn would be forced to putpressure on Government.While it is only thebusinessman who is com­plaining, the politician is lesslikely to listen, they say.They believe the strike lastsum mer made the consumermore aware of theirdependence on the tran­sportation systems, but up tonow they have had little ornothing to say about it Thesekinds of problems would notbe tolerated anywhere else inCanada.

The water front in CornerBrook is a disgrace. CNfreight sheds were torn downto make way for the newarterial road. This meansthat freight for the city isstored in a Shed that wasbuilt to accommodate ex­press shipments only.

West of the CN yards,Western Terminals Ltd.(Clarke Steamships) have amodern, efficient, side­loading operation that bringstwo ships a week fromMontreal carrying about1,500 tons. But their shedsare only half the size theyneeded when they were builtthree years ago, and theyclaim they could be movingfar more freight if they hadthe facilities to handle it

West again from theClarke premises there is awharf that is so badlydilapidated it is beyond use.

COrtin Brookversatlon was the wind and the costs way beyond whatthe accidents that had the quality warrants. He saidhappened the week before. clothing doesn't get muchThe driver proudly told me damage, but every secondhe'd never had to stop shipment will have boxesbecause of the wind, and he's broken open and goodsbeen on the run since the stolen. He has had a 50 perbuses came to Newfoun- cent increase in claims ondland. He said he'd had to CN over the past two years.drive on the wrong side of the And quarrelling with eN hasread at times, but "she never become a daily routine.stopped me." It's drivers likethat that should be forcefullystopped from travellingwhen the wind is from thesouth.

CORNER BROOKCorner Brook .... what a

beautiful little city, nestledbelow the road with the blueBay of Island behind andSunnyside and Irish Town setinto the hills in thebackground. BeautifulCorner Brook, though , is.anything but happy with thetransportation systems thatkeep her alive. I talked tomembers of the Chamber ofCommerce and to severalprominent businessmen, andtheir complaints were man) .

The major complaint iswith slow, damaged and lostgoods delivered by CN. Oneretail outlet complainedbitterly about the damages ,especially to furniture , The consumer lakeswhich, he says, are dri ving WMI she can buy

DECKSAWASH

Air Canada is now an interprovincial carrier only.

container loads can make apayable run. Given the lackof facilities in the west coastcity, it is easy to understandwhy the Deer Lakebusinessman had to wait 10weeks - nearly 3 months· fora shipment of goods.

One large wholesaler toldof a shipment of sugar thatleft Montreal early inNovember. Several telexeslater they were given the carnumbers on which the sugarwas shipped. More telexesand two weeks later, theyfound the car numbers, onlyto discover they were both

cattle cars. They finallyfound the sugar in Halifaxand were told it had beenloaded the day before butdidn't know what ship it wason, nor where she was going.Asked if he thought this wasmismanagement, thebusinessman said, "I don'tsay mismanagement, but Ithink it hard enough."

10 DAYS BY AIRRunning a close second in

importance to the rail'" problem in Corner Brook is

the serious situation with airfreight. A great deal of heavyequipment is in use on thewest coast, and when a partbreaks down that is not instock, it means large crewsof men are held up for a weekor ten days waiting for thatpart. This has driven con­struction costs sky high, andone man has found it ischeaper to send a man toMontreal to pick up a partand bring it back as apassenger, than it is to waitfor the system to bring it in.It is not the businessman, northe construction companywho ultimately pays the costof these delays, it is theconsumer and taxpayer,

The Corner BrookChamber of Commerce hashad a stream of complaintsgoing to the office of theDepartment of Transport inOttawa to try to getsomething done. They werepromised a hearing a yearago when Air Canada wasforced to curtail itsmovement in Newfoundland.(The Federal Governmentannounced that Air Canadawould become an inter­provincial carrier only,dropping freight at one pointonly in any province, and notpermitted to move betweenpoints in the provinces), Thehearings have finally beenheld, but they are a year late.They say neither the FederalGovernment nor the bigshipping companies areinterested in the small

This wharf was used byBowaters and plans are inthe works to have Clarketake over at least some of thewarehousing area.

Corner Brook is a storagecentre for goods moving tothe Labrador coast and upthe Great Northern Penin­suia to St. Anthony. It is alsoa supply centre for freightgoing to Deer Lake, Baleverte, the Stephenville area,and back along the road asf a r as Robinsons. Oftenfreight for these points isheld in Corner Brook until

DICKSAwaSHproblems. When they makeplans at all, they are only forthe big problems.

Many Corner Brook firmshave branches in Labradorand they have men andequipment moving northconstantly. They complainbitterly about the poorpassenger service beingoffered by EPA intoLabrador, saying you have towait 6 or 7 days to bookpassage. "That's greatbusiness for the airline,"they say, "but it's useless forus." They also fear theconsequences of a strike.against EPA or breakdownin seriously over-usedequipment.

Freight moving out ofNewfoundland is very smallcompared to incomingfreight. Most of this comesfrom COTner Brook.. Cementgoes out in huge quantities,Bowaters is shipping farmore paper by rail (up to40,000 tons this year, over12,000 tons last year), andLundrigans are shippinginsulation and linerboard.Lundrigans used to ship theirlinerboard by rail, but theyfound tha t because of theamount of handling, it wasarriving in badly damagedcondition. So they have nowturned to trailer trucks fortransporting their product.

In their shipment of paperby rail, Bowaters are veryhappy with the service theyhave been getting from eN.They load 5 cars a day with50 tons in a car. The paper isleft in the car until it gels toits destination in NorthEastern United States. Theyintend to continue the ex­periment for the time being.

Businessmen all over theprovince are also com­plicating the transportatiorsystems by using shed spaceas warehousing. They paydemurrage charges whichare very high because theydo not have warehousing tostore it themselves. Thisaltuation should change in

20

Corner Brook when the newindustrial park is workingbecause several companiesare building newwarehousing there.

The Corner Brook businesscommunity believes none ofour transportation systemshave had any long rangeplanning, but have grown upwith crises being met as theyocc ur. They admit aremarkable improvementover 10 years ago, but theyare finding now that thepressures are increas ingbecause the demand forgoods has increased rapidly.They want more and betterwater front facilities built,and ferries coming instraight from North Sydneyrather than going throughPort aux Basques. They wantfaster and better air service;they would like to see a thirdrail built to Corner Brookfrom Port aux Basques, andthey believe freight from

Corner Brook's citytransportation system hascaused some unresl Mrs.Ethel Rowsell in Curling hascarried on a one womancampaign to get somethingdone about it. She admitsthey complained about thejitneys (cars that werelice nced as buses and couldtravel any route for 15 centsa ride), butshe says that nowthat they have the larger 10seat buses, the price hasgone up to 35 cents for a fiveminute run, and the serviceis very slow. There is no busservice at all on Sundays.She said the bus goes c;if therun at 10 o'clock at nightwhether the stores are openor whether or not there is abingo game.

Mrs. Rowsell has tried toget the public to protest thesystem, and she has talked tothe town councillor who hasresponsibili ty for the system,all to no avail. She says, "Hethinks the buses are good,but he has a car and whatwould he know about it?"

Nova Scotia should beshipped from two ports,rather than simply NorthSydney.

PASADENA

J drove to Pasadena to seethe Newfoundland andLabrador Air TransportLimited, whose officesoverlook Deer Lake, right atthe edge of Bowater Park.What a beautiful place towork - sum mer or winter.Duri ng the winter, they tellme, you can walk across thelake on the ice and you areright into some magnificentwidlderness country.

Pierre 'Meagher, theOperations Manager, hasbeen in Newfoundland for 10years and he wouldn'tchange his job for anywhereelse in the world. Thecompany orrers regularflights from Deer Lake toPort au Choix, Sl Anthonyand Blanc Sablan on theLabrador coasl The flightcarries 10 passengers andoperates both ways threetimes a week. In peakseason, they can put on moreflights as required.

These small airlines areknown as commuter -ser­vices, and among otherthings, they bringpassengers from smallercentres into the major air- 'ports. They must fly onlywith 3 miles visibility and a1,000 foot ceiling.

Leavi~~C~~~ajjena forGrand Falls about3 o'clock, Idecided to get as many milesbehind me as I could beforedarkness fell. It is on thissection of road that you beginto realize just how big thisIsland is. After you leaveDeer Lake there are 120miles with only a scatteredservice station and the littletowns of South Brook andBadger to break themonotony. It makes yourealize, too, the tremendouscosts involved in supplyingthe scattered population.

DECKSAWASH "

L(Hldinl paper tit Botwood

Along High Strut, Grand Falls,

She was there for 15 days,and her owner, a Grand Fallsbusinessman, would havepaid $1,000for the one poundpackage. Since Air Canadawithdrew services, they arefinding the freight backs upin St. John's until a sufficientpackage is ready for GrandFalls. Mr. Bruce Reid,Chairman of the Grand FallsChamber of Commerce,believes the businessmanshouldn't have to worryabout how the systemsoperate, just so long as theyget their goods.

A fair amount of freightmoves out of the area, bothfrom the paper mill in GrandFalls and from the mines inBuchans. But all this freightis moving on a company­owned railway from Buchansto Millertown, and anothercompany rail line fromGrand Falls to Botwood.From there, it is shipped bycompany-chartered vesselsto all parts of the world. Sothis tonnage is not con­tributing in any way to thesolution of the problem of railcars and ships leaving theProvince without freightaboard.

Price (Nfld .) Limited hada difficult shipping seasonlast winter, when the har­bour at Botwood was frozen

and goods moving out insmall lots. The President ofthe Grand Falls Chamber ofCommerce told of a meetingthe Newfoundland Chamberheld with Canadian Nationala year ago . He said they did alot of talking, but they hadn'tseen a great deal of im­provement as a result of it.

Inefficient air service hasproven very expensive forthe area. There was a shipheld up in Botwood last yearwaiting for a part to be flownin from the United States.

Although eN brings about500,000 tons of freight a year(that's a ton each), and tourmillion tons of freight comefrom other sources eachyear, it is still a smallamount to distribute over somany miles of road andwater.

The day was short, darkclouds speeded the dusk, anddrifting rain blurred myvision. It wasn't until 7o'clock that the lights ofGrand Falls blinked awelcome, and when the hotelsaid 1 could have the lastroom in the house, I said asilent thank you to someone.

GRANDFALLSThe Grand Falls Chamber

of Commerce has also spenta lot of time wrangling withON and the FederalGovernment over the freightproblem. They havenarrowed their problemsdown to the poor service onthe Gulf, and to EPA'sinability to handle the airfreight for the centre of theProvince.

Grand Falls is not thesupply base for the centre ofthe Province, but It is thecentre of retail trade and thishas meant a huge increase offreight moving into the town,

Second largest Co-op store in 1M province - Grand Falls

DECKSAWASH

for some months. They say ifthis is repealed this year, it isgoing to result in a lot ofdown time for the mill inGrand Falls. And the lown ofBotwood depends for itsexistence almost entirely onthe paper moving throughthere.

The town of Grand Fallshas no transportation 'sys te mexcept a jitney service.These passenger carsoperate on a licence from thetown council ala cost 0($7.50a year and they have no setroutes. The citizens seem tobe satisfied and the largenumber of cars in thebusiness suggest there mustbe some kind of living in it.

Passengers from GrandFalls who want to travel byair, must first face an hour'sdrive to Gander. They arehappy with the service. butcomplain that EPA doesn'tnotify them if a plane isdelayed . It often meanshours waiting around theGander airport, when aphone call in time would savethis inconvenience.

Mr. Jake .Deorksen ,Manager of the secondlargest co-op store in theProvince, says their com­pany has had so muchtrouble with bringing freight

22

into the Province that theyare going into the truckingbusiness and bringing intheir goods themselves fromtheir Moncton wharehouses .

He notes that to make foodmerchandising profitable,you have to be able to sell thegoods before you have to payfor them. And if you havedelays "you're behind theeight hall."

Mr. Deorksen has words ofpraise for CanadianNational. He thinks theNewfoundlander "has athing about CN inNewfoundland. They need

Al ROO,e".Bishop "JFalb tru ck o wner

constructive criticism, yes,but they're still the bestmoving system in the world,hands down."

BISHOPS FALLSTrucking seems to be big in

the area but one new com­pany, owned by AI Rodgersof Bishops Falls, is prettyangry about some of thepractices he has run into .

AI has five trucks that pickup freight in St, John 's anddeliver daily to points as farwest as Buchans andSpringdale. Keeping his tiresin good condition has been abig expense, and he says thecheapest price he has beenable to get in Newfoundlandwas $154.00 each. He claimshe can land them in BishopsFalls for $55. each, so he isgoing to start buying themthrough a Montreal dealerand by-passing the localmiddleman.

He claims there are a lot oftrucks hauling goods theyare not licenced for, and theonly way he can haul goodsfor a Quebec or Ontariocompany is if he puts histruck in their name so tha tthe truck is hauling theshippers goods.

Al claims that if he werepermitted to haul goods forNewfoundland companiesfrom the mainland, thefreight would cost $1,000compared to $3,000 if thesame freight must come viaship to St. John's and thenback by truck to centralNewfoundland. He believesthere is a monopoly on allshipments and sale of con­sumer goods, and "the costof consumer goods will nevercome down as long as there'sa monopoly." On the otherhand, he wonders if theNewfoundland middlemenweren't there, perhaps" Ontar io would skin us alive,who knows. "

He believes tha t manysmall problems could beovercome if there were anactive truckers association

PECKSAWASHin the Province. Forexample, he points out thatmany companies will notaccept freight on Sa lurdaysand they are closed onMondays. This means a tourday week for truckers. Also,10 keep a trucking companyin business, you have to keepthe trucks moving. But ifthere is a breakdown, thetrucks cannot be repaired atnight while they are off theroad, but must lose a day inthe garage. He says that inOntario, the service stationsare working aU night toaccommodate owners.

Licencing is also aproblem. "You can haulwhat you like," he says, "beit gold or garbage." But youhave to prove to the MotorCarriers Board that there isa need for your service in aparticular area. But, "if youknow a politician, you cangel a licence to goanywhere." Right now youhave to apply to the Boardfor increase in rates. Althinks rates should be set andpoliced, and "let the truckerscompete for business on theservice we offer. If it was allhonest, and properly policed,I could compete withanyone." he says.

LEWISPORTELewispor te is a major

supply centre for most of theNorth East coast and forLabrador. Freight is movedout once a week, exceptduring the winter becausecars are held until the boatarrives. This may be one ofthe ways in which rail carsare tied up. If the car is of­loaded into a shed, thatmeans double handling ofgoods.

Evidence of the hugeamount of freight movingthrough Lewisporte can beseen in the new premises ofLewiapor te WholesalersLimited, who claim theyhave the largest wholesalewarehouse east of Montreal.It is a modern service andthe company carries

2'everything from soup to nuts,from basement supplies toattic and from a needle to ananchor. Gerald Osmond,Manager of the firm, is veryproud of the operation, but hesays his biggest problem nowis transporta tion. They shipgoods to Bay D'Eapoir, forexample, and last Decembersaw the road to that coastclosed for nearly a week dueto mild weather. He thinksthe road must be paved toavoid these delays.

Mr. Osmond also believesNewfoundland should havean alternate port to Port auxBasques. And he says if awide guage railway werebuilt across Newfoundland,far from losing jobs by it, thePort aux Basques unionswould gain. He says if youwant to do business you haveto provide the facility first,rather than wait for thebusiness to build up until thepoint where a facility is long

~v:~dr:~I~j ~:YnSdfrei~~ ~nlt~naturally increase if a goodservice were provided. (Thecompany is an example ofgood business practices).

GANDERThe Gander businessman

is experiencing the sameproblems as his counterpart

elsewhere. But GeorgeMarion, of the co-op store,says that eN service hasimproved fantastically eversince they heard the co-opsare planning to go into thetrucking business. Mr.~tarion says that freightcosts are contributing about25 percent to the cost of livingand he wonders if CNcouldn't take better care ofthe freight being moved. (Hetold of a shipment of potatoesthat he saw being dropped 50feet into the hold of a vessel).He says that the co-op storesin Newfoundland are plan­ning to bring in their owngoods by their own trucks inthe future and that ever sincethey heard of this plan, "CNhas given us a fantastic

service."·HA<:K ........•......

Gander was the last stop onmy two week trip. The roadhad taken me a long way andintroduced me to a greatmany transportationproblems.

I had moved through somebeau tiful spots on myjourney, but I think nonelooked quite so beautiful asthe sight of the old capitalcity. St. John's may not be asbeautiful as the rest of theIsland, it may not offer asmuch peace. Perhaps it is notas important as it sometimesthinks it is. But, after all, it ishome, and home to the moleis a hole. Horne to themonkey is a tree.

ST.JOHN'S

St. John's businessmenhave the same tran­sportation problems as thosein the rest of the Province.The St. John's waterfront, ofcourse, is of concern mainlyto the city. This waterfronthas had a lot of rebuildingover the years, and is notfinished yet. However, wharfand storage space is stillseriously over-burdened andClarke Steamships, forexample, always travels lessthan fully loaded.

The National HarboursBoard is operating on a"user-pay" basis. They say ifthe facility cannot pay foritself in the next 20 years,then it should not be put in.Local businessmen seriouslydisagree with this concept,claiming that such facilitiesare an essential part of thelifeline of any people, andwould be used, not for 20years, but for the foreseeablefuture.

CONFUSION

This serious Dotlleneckcould well mean drasticchanges in the shippingfulure of the port.

There is a great deal ofconfusion and a resultinginefficiency in the number of

St . John 's harbour

Local ferries

DECKSAWASHagencies that are responsible(or the installation andco nt r-ol . of the varioustransporta tion systems.

Th e Provincial Govern­ment is respondiible (or thesyst em within the Province,the F ederal Government forinter-provincial travel andfor the waterways, and eachGovernment has manyagencies. Subsidies for thevarious systems are con­fus ed and coming fromsev eral sources.

The Federal Governmenthas stated a policy of "letcompetition decide the rales

a nd services that areprovided, " and theProvlncia l Governmentattempts to control the entiretru cking industry.

Th er e have been m anydozens of studies done ontra n s p o r t a tio n inNe wfou ndla nd over th eyea r s, and many of thesema ke th e sam e reccm ­menda tions year after year.Man y of these studies have

IlYTOR A. FOSNAES

As a former Premier waspron e to do , this little articleis going to spout some figuresand s tatis tics .

From 1950 to 1970 the totalroad mileage in Newfound­land has remained stable­abou t 6,000 miles-but,significan tly, the increase inpa ved roads has gone upabout 1,000 per cent (from120miles to 1,300 miles ). Thisis in conjunction with adec rease in " ea rt h" or localr oads, which have nominimum standards from4,400 miles to 850 miles .Standardized gravel roadshave increased about 250 percent, from 1,800miles to 4,100miles in 1968, and as thesehave been paved, down toJ,750 miles in 1970.

All of this means , of

never been made public .There is a grea t need for

all those concerned withtransportation to sit downtogether and plan for thefuture.

With this in mind, theNewfoundland and LabradorChamber of Commerce hasrequested the ExtensionService to convene a con­ference on transportation,and this conference will beheld March 24, 25 and 26 inGander. The conferencewill hold workshops in allmodes of transportationsea.

course, that driving in New­fou ndland ha s i mprovedimmeasurably. (I remembera to-hour trip from CornerBrook to S1. John's in 1961 toattend a family emergency,which, I think, still holds theunofficial cross country dashfor those days).

While most Newfound­landers have gained releasefrom the nightmaretravelling conditions of thosedays , some people are stillfaced with very harrowingconditions. They are peoplewho live on small islandsaround our coastal watersand who have to rely on localfer ries to make contact withthe new highways. Thesepeop le are plagued by badboa ts , poor se rvi ce and aservice th at is cut off by iceconditions, some times formonths .

air, road and rail. Intr iguingquestions will be discussedsuch as : Does Newfoundlandneed a third rail? Is theMotor Carriers Boardinhibitin g gr owt h? DoesLabrador want a road or arailway? Does EPA needmor e aircraft?

If y ou have a nysuggestions to make con­cerning this conference, or ifyou would like to know moreabout it, drop a line to LoisSaunders , Decks Awash,Memorial University, S1.John's.

There ar e ten such ser­vices in the Province, all aresubsidized by eithe r theProvincial or FederalGovernments , because costshav e gone so high as traffichas remained constant; and ,because the service, oncestarted, has to remain. Theferry operation cannot justback out of what has becomea bad busin ess deal.

An indic ation of the type ofprobl ems faced , aside fromthe obvious increases in thecost of petroleum productsand wag es, is reflected in astory told by an operator.The cos t of a cylinder headfor his engine has gone from$700 in 1967 to $2,100 in 1973,As these boats , usually about50 tons, become older,maintenance costs risesharply.

All of these ferries are'inspected and mainta inedannually to kee p up tominimum safety sta ndards,and, all are run by sincere

DECKSAWASH 2S

NE Wt'lIUNIILAN I> ANI>

LAB RAI>O RLabradorians stay put

look at some of the problemsthat have to be overcome toprovide a good se rvic e.

Coastal Labrador has 55miles of road, from BlancSablon on-the Quebec borde r ,

to Red Bay. There are lessthan 100 vehicles on th isroad, and to make more useof YOUI' vehic le you ha ve tocross the Straits of Belle Isleon a ferry to Flowers Cove.

The other communities onthe coast, from Red Bay inthe south to Nain, the mostnortherly corn munity, mus tdepend on the sea or air forevery single item they use orconsume. Every nail, everyrefrigerator, every jar ofpeanut butter, must travel bysea or air .

Canadian Nationalprovides a service fromBlanc Sablon to Nain whenthe coast is ice-free. andClarke Steamships ope rate aweekly service from Mon­treal to Goose Bay in thesummer time. Over the pas tfew years, employme ntopportunities have increasedin this region, and there is anincreasing: agitation on thepart of the residents to havebetter services.

At a conference held inGoose Bay last June, smallbusinessmen gathered to talkabout their problems, andtransportation was high ontheir list of Concerns. Forexample, early freeze-upsmean that the entire coast isclosed off from shipping forat least six months of theyear. Air service to coastalcommunities is hampered bythe Mealy Mountains on oneside and the notoriouslyfoggy Straits on the othe r.

Many communities hav eno wharf, or only very poorwharves, and sh ips mustdischar ge cargo into small.boats coming out to meet

Mr . Manion is ri gh t, but

Ne wfoun dl and, $78,334;MOT .• S1. Brendan 's- Burn side:Micha el Ryan , St . Bre n­d an' s, Nfid., $45,175; MOT .

Cobb Arm -Chan ge Islan ds:C h a f fe y Shippin g Ltd. .Lewisporte, NOd., $19,000:MOT.

Bell Island-Portugal Cove:NOd. Transportation Co., 51.John's, Nfid. , $375,000: MOT ... 51. Patrick 's-LitUe Bay:Wilbert Weir, Littl e BayIslands, Nfid ., $22,916; MOT .

Twif l in g ate-New WorldIs .: winston Saunders, Littl eBay Islands, Nfld. , $45,622;MOT .

Woody Point-Norris Point:Stuart Blanchard-C. Lain g ,Bonne Bay , NOd. , $21,000;I>TC.

Gr ey R iver -Bur g eo ­Ram ea ; John P enney &Sons , Ramea, NOd., $73,000;OTC. · in 1973 this serviceehang ed hands . It hadreceived 528.935 up to 0 1'­tuber . It was granted anadditional $16,240 fromOctober to lUarl'h . !\1arl'h isthe end of the fiscal year.Was subsidiz ed by theProvincial Departm ent ofTransportation and Com­munieatlen on a rate of$32,850 annually, but, thepurchase of a large boat inJune. 1973 raised the subsidyto Federal status. Granted$22,916 to March 1974.

" The pub lic in the outlyingregion s deserves a com ­fortable a nd d epen d a b leservice, ju st as mu ch as dothe townies in St. J ohn ' s orCor ner Brook." So says Ge neManion of Newf oundland andLabrador Air Tran spor tLimited, a company tha t is

in now applying for a licen ce tooper a te in Labrad or .

long d rive aeress~Iand, but Labrador

th re e tim es as~",,,!" _...,t

I d lIil ,000 mil tsor rc ...L brador ba s about100 miles ... Th ere are 28t VOO peopleliving in 58 ('0 . es inLabrador .

00 th e Isl and 500800 rum m uniti es .

Local ferriesme n who try to provide anade qu a te service. T he i rsubsidies provide the m withe nough money to coveroperating costs and a sma llpr ofit. Anything over a se tamountof profit and they arerequir ed to return a per ­centage of the excess toOttawa. One operator toldme it was 75 per cent.

As transportation im ­pr oves on the Islan d , what isnow ba re ly adequate will fallwoefull y short of any sta n­liar d of adeq uacy. Alrea dy,sha r ply increasing cos ts ar eforc ing operators to see kin cr eases in their subs id ies.

The report of a study onthese ferry services, is a boutto be received by Gove rn­me nt , but, its effectivenessca n only be gauged if itsrecommendations are madepublic , acted upon, an d,ac ted upon swiftly.

A breakdown of the ferr ies,t heir operators owners,subsidies and age nc iesfollows:

Greenspond-Badger-sQuay: Beothic FishProcessors, Valley fi el d,B.B., Nfid. $36,000; MOT.

S1. Barbe-Blane Sablon :Pu ddister Trading Co. St.John ' s , Nfid. $197,000; MOT .

Carman ville-Fog, FogoTra nsport Ltd., F ogo,

AWASHLabr a d o r ia ns

(Continued}them. This is slow and itmeans modern methods suchas containerized freight, isimpossible.

Often where wharves doexist, there is no shed andfreight must be hauled awayas soon as the ship arrives.This has meant that if thebusinessman is not there onthe spot, his goods could bestolen or damaged, or left inthe open in bad weather.

Goods that finally end up inLabrador begin their jour­ney, say in Montreal. Theyare shipped to a wholesalerin St. John's, Corner Brook.Carbonear or Lewisporteoften by rail and sea, thentrucked to his warehouse. Hereships it, again by truck toCanadian National, by railand sea to Labrador. Oftenthese goods must be movedaround in the hold of thevessel many times becausegoods are loaded for severalports, fro m several ports,and they ca nnot be loaded iii.their order of discha rge. Allthis handling mea ns greatcost to the consumer, and aserious rate of da mages.

The Lab radorbusinessman must stock hissupplies for s ix mo nths

. because of the winter eon­ditions. But he waits until thelast minute to order becauseof the cost of credit. And inhis turn, the fisherman mustwait to pay the storekeeperuntil he is paid for his fish inthe fall.

Atripto

Cartwright

2.

Goods can be shippedeither as subsidized, generalcargo or as preferred freight.The la tter costs three timesas much as general cargo,and shippers try to get awaywith the lower rates. Whenfresh foods are shipped inlate fall, the)' have littlechance of arriving in goodcondition. But there is noclaim on the subsidizedfreight. "You pays you rmoney and you takes yourchoice."

All this means that thesmall businessman inLabrador is at the mercy ofthe wholesaler, CanadianNational on the one side, andthe fisherman on the other.He must pay high creditcosts, high freight costs,have large warehousing, butyet the consumer himself isnot making enough to pay thehigher food costs.

Mail service, althoughimproved somewhat, is stillslow and erratic. Ai rpassenger service is sub­sidized only for pleasuretrips, and at best is a chancyaffair, depending as it doeson poor flying conditions,often non-existan t landi ngfacilities, and only t hesmallest and most u n­comfortable planes.

There is no easy solution tothe problem of fre ig htmovement in coasta lLabrador because thepopulation is small andscattered, and the shippingcompanies, too, face the lackof facilities and the severe

By PAT ~IA RTIN

The wind from the nor­thwest had brought the chillfactor down to 45below and itpierced even the heaviestwinter gear. We had to wal khalf a mile to get to the pla nethat was parked out on theharbour ice, but we had bee nwaiting 3 days for this fligh tso we were glad to bereleased. (The trip down hadmeant a 6 day wait in a hotelin Goose Bay waiting for

weather conditions.Th e Labrador City and the

Churchill Falls areas , alsohave their transportationpr oblems, although of a fardifferent nature. These twoce n t r es complain bitterlyabout the quality of the airservice being offered, andt he feeling of isolation,especia lly in winter, haspose d serious social andeco nom ic problems forre side nts. While there is ara Hway connecting them toQuebec, this is used mainlyfor the shipment of ore andpeople have clamored foryears for a road connectingthem to both Quebec high­ways to the west a nd thefer ry service at Blanc Sablonin the east.

A $400 million, 1500 mileroa d is in the plannings tages, but many wonderwho will use this road . Evenin sum mer, there are hun­d r eds of miles betweentowns, and service stationswill be few and far between.Mich ael Martin, member forLa br a dor South, recom­mend s a mono-rail systempowered by electricity fromChurc hill Falls. This wouldbe suppor ted by towers andbuilt above the snow line . Inthis case, a com munity ofpeople would be travelling,r a t he r than isolated in­dividu als in their cars.

The whole of Canada'sno r t h is facing similartra nspor ta tion problems, butother regions have had muchmore attention paid them.

suit able Flying weather. ) Thenext time your flight isde la yed an hour or two , thinkabo ut th at ,

We had taken the childrent o Car twr igh t to spendChri s t m as with theirgra nd par ents. We were alittle late getting there , but ithad been a wonderful holida y. wor th ev ery minute of theagony of getting there andback.

(Continued on next page)

DICKSAWASH 27

passen ger s as to what theythink of the service and areasfor im provements.

About the only thing doneso far was the simple in­stallation of a soft drinkma chine so that drinks wereavailable after the c hiefsteward goes to bed . Tha t' sthe sum mer. Now comesOctober 1, and the servicecha nges drastically withreduced schedules ,passenger boats transportingfreight and a schedule whichallows the boats to tie up attheir leis ure . Try and ap­preciate the frustra tion of

Suc h is air travel on theLabrador coast in winter.Labrador Airways flies apassenger, freight and mailservice out of Goose Bay tothe coastal communities, buttheir regularity is only onpaper. Delays are the rul erather than the exception.

sulated mitt ens. I had astrong breeze going downbe twee n my should er bladesfrom a ra the r large leak inthe door next to my sea t.

(Continued)

Cartwright

Sir:Pl ease allow me space 10

your column to let the rest ofthe islan d know about what'shap pening on t he South Coastwith the CN coastal boatsdur ing the winter months.Every summer, eN putsforth their finest image forthe tourist season so thattourists will be impressedwith the ma rvellous servicefor the "isolated com­munities" from Port auxBasques to Terrenceville .University students with penand board in hand travelabout asking questions of the

Anyway , we bundled intothe plan e on that cold noonhour , and as she roared intothe sky , we prepared for thenorm al I lh hour flight toGoose Bay. But we were notso lucky. The plan e had tobuck a powerful headwindand the trip took 2'h: hours.The extra hour wasespecially unwelcomebecause the heating systemin the plane decided to take aholiday.

be saved and when yourealize bush planes must flyonly when they can see theground, and consider theshort winter days. that 3hours becomes extremelyimportant

The planes carry mail andfreight as well . but you needto keep a close eye on thefreight you want to movebecause it could sit for dayswhile the more lucrativepassengers are moved, or thechar ter flights are carriedout. The mail service is not

It isn't entirely the airdines what you would call firstfault because a bush service class because there are anydepends entirely on good number of situations thatweather. But they are using might arise to prevent its

We spent the time amid obsolete aircraft without any delivery. I have known it toclouds of steam (rom our landing fields , and few take weeks for mailbreath condensing in the navigational aids . With all de li ve r ie s between com­subzero atmosphere of the that stacked against you, munities to be carried out.aircraft's cabin. My husband getting into and out of coastal For thos e like myself, thespe nt most of the trip trying Lab r a dar be com e s occ asional visitor toto scrape the frost from the : ometh ing of an adventure , Labrador, the delays and thewindow so that he could take even in summer. ser vice are frustratinglysome photographs of the unbearable. But for thoseMealy Mountains going by There might be some who live there it is justbelow us. The other improvement in the service anoth er part of life . We can 'tpassengers were mainly if the pilots would consider help wondering though if itoccupied with trying to keep spending the nights on the has to be that way when wewar m although two brave coast rather than insisting on hear about the millions ofsouls were trying to turn the getting back to Goose Bay . dollars being spen t on postpages of their books while The norm al Ilh hours fro m airports, and covered walk­wea r in g th eir bulky in- Goose Bay and back would ways, elsewhere in Cana da .

I , , Ra mea a nd Bur- geeDescribes .w hot CN s Dream passengers as the bo at

arrtves at Grey River at 7

means to the South Coast p'~hi:n~:~~: f~~ t~: ~ge~;acceptable to the crews ofthe boats as we find themajority of them on deckwondering whether or notthere is a dance that nightSimilar situations occur asthe boat continues its run andyou can depend uponspending two nights "tied 'up" if you plan to make thecomplete trip from Port auxBasques to Terrenceville andat least one for a trip bet ­ween the two points .

It's very difficult in a shortspace to explain the full storyas a complete book could bewritten about what people on

(Conrinwd Ortttt'Xr potIe)

DECKSAWASH 28

When the K ingJ o f th e R ood hang o u t.

Ki ng of t~e road

province will improve theservice. In closing may I sayto the rest of the provincethat if you thought it was badreceiving essentials when theCN strike was on, try livingthrough it on this coast. AUofa sudden CN's dream justwent up in a cloud of smokefor me .

C&NBurgee.

This was reprinted from theEnning Telegram. Wouldthe writer please get in touchwith Lois Saunders, DecksAwash, :\lemorial Univer­sity, St. -John's.

transportation. eN should beforced to operate the sameschedule in winter as it doesin summer and we wouldforgive them for delays dueto old man winter but not dueto delays caused by " old mandecision-maker at the CNR. "Keep those boats goin g untilthe complete trip has beencompleted and let them tieup at terminal points iftheymus t.

I hope others in Gre yRiver, La Poile, Francois,Ramea and Burgee will havemore to say on this rna tterand that the CNR who havesuch a "fine" name in this

blow. • f aybe it's fear thatkeeps them from chat­tering... .fear of the road, ofthe storm , or maybe it's fear

no proble m, Banfield's is just of what that St. John's doctorahead, Pit Stop No.1. " We' ll will say... .1 mean, if it's soget help for you there: ' says bad the cottage hospital man~:r~ ~:~~;:t~~a~e~pl~~~ can't 00 anything, it must be

around. .. Heavy re spon- ba~\'ell sir , that sign of Beck'ssibility this is, carrying is a welcome sight. I wonderpeople back and forth if I'll be able to walk. If myeveryday like this. I wonder right knew wasn't a bumwhy nobod y's talking. Is it knee before, for sure and forbecause I'm a stranger? certain it's a bum knee now.Maybe they 're too excited to Anti so, like Zombies we sittalk. Who knows what the and stare, carefully avoidingcity has in store, and the eye contact. Are we playing a

~.,iS~r~e~alllY=S;t:ar;t;in;g:;tO~~;::7(C~O~!llinUed onnextpage)

DescribesCN's'Dream'

[Continur d]

this coas t have to go throughtu com e and go. The CNRwith their "up-a-long" adsa bo ut " Bu il d ing theCa na d ia n Dream" wouldcerta inly have to spend onehell of a lot of money toco nvince people on this coastth a t they were included inth is so-called " drea m",

" Yo u pays your money andyou takes your chances"along this coast and it's justnot good enough for peoplewho have no other means of

Yes, he's King Of TheRoad, alright, the TaxiDriver on the Burin and onmost days , $20 is a smallprice to pay to see him inaction.

Oh, he says a lot of peoplecomplain about the costs buthe's got his costs too. In 1958when Jerry Cheesemanstarted taxing to St. John'sfrom Burin, gasoline cost 48ca gallon, now he 's even seentt eae . Oil and tires have goneup too, but the fare to St.John's is about the same.

What odds about the farenow , we've got a long tripahead. Yes, thank God theroad's paved and Gus , ourdr-iver here's fine andreliable ,

Hmm ! a couple of menover there by that lake. Why,they're after those ducks.010 ' Game Warden Gus ' inaction...I've never seen a carstop so fast before, or men goso fast before, I'm sure youcould hear his bellows fromhere ,

Didn 't waste much time,I'm sure glad, my knees arestarting to cramp. Looks liketrouble up ahead. "Sir GusGallahad ' in person here tothe rescue. Seems like a lot ofpeople in that stalled car but

DECKSAWASH

King. of the Road(Contiflu~d)

game? I order homemadesoup, and so does everyoneelse. Aha, we are com­municaling at last. We all

.ordered soop! " v..and a ha msandwich to go with it," saysGus. It isn't coming though .We cao't wait (or it anylonger. I wonder why hedoesn't complain. after aU,this our King of The Road hasstopped here at No.2 Pit Stopalmost every day exceptSunday for over six years.Well, it 's his business , Isuppose, still and all ...

Now I know why he hasthat dangling doedorant onthe dash. Such a stench of

body odor as I iust nowopened the door. I ' wish thestorm would let up so I canopen some ventilation. OurKing deserves a medal to putup with this. Geea , I'sposewe 'll make it in this storm. Iam starting to sound like afrustrated magpie. All hopesfor a chat are being dashedlike the snowflakes on thewindshield. Maybe it's thecost, $20 each way is prettyhigh , plus food and a place tostay. Maybe it's as simple asthat , where will they sta y thenight?

" No worry about that," hesays, " I' ll see ya settledbefore I leaves ya .v.. ;and hedoes . ".G~ Bless Ya, .Gus."

...anu I m sure He coes .

~.agu s 's da y has ju st begun... arun by the hospital, drop off awatch for repairs downtown,go by motor vehicleregistration. Oh , I can'tbegin to tell you where wewent. You know , I'mbeginning to think thesekings should be subsidized. Imean they need to up thepri ce, but we can 't paymore...

We made it, we beat thes tor m, eve ry one has beense ttled in , thanks to our Kingof the Roa d. My knee shouldrecov er, in tim e for ther eturn trip. He sa ys he nevergets tired of it for a minute,that's good , for I wonder" Wha t will happentomorrow?"

Thesolutions

A great many solutions toNewfoundland 's tran­sportation problems havebeen presented to variousgovernments over the years .They have come frombusiness , concerned groups,and individuals . Some ofthese solutions are:Newfoundland needs astandard gu age railway, atleast as far as Cor ne r Br ook,to take the strain off Port auxBasques.

The Gulf should be con­sidered part of the TransCanada Highway and remainunaffected by strikes andshould be even more heavilysubsidized. When planning isdone , it should be done onlywith consultation with allgroups, including the or­dinary voter.

The Province needsan oth e r port of entry,possibly on the south westcoast, to supply the centre ofthe Province and to avoidsome winter shippingproblems .

Coastal boats shouldsupply major centres whichhave adequate warehousing.

Sm all er vess els would makeup a feed er system whichwould sup ply small , isolatedoutports.

Corner Brook waterfrontshould be e nlar ge d andupgraded.

S1. John 's waterfrontshould have much morewarehouse space.

Air Canada should bebrought ba ck to continuetheir role in the Province andwith improved services.

We need larger and moreefficient ferries on the Gulf .And more of them.

There should .be morestringent controls on thesafety of trucks moving onour roads , and drivers shou ldbe prevented fro m workingmore than an eight hourshift.

A more active TruckersAssoci ation would help curesome of the ills of thetrucking business.

One Newfoundland firmhas solved its problems withtie-ups on the Gulf by makingr egular trips to Port auxBasques and North Sydney to" talk to the boys ."

DECKSAWASH 30

...-------Ed itori01--- -----,Poor little Newfoundland. and big.

ungainly, Labrador. You were certainlynot considered when our transportationsystems were being planned ... lf everthey were planned in the first place.Everyone. from the politicians who makethe decisions. to the railways that carryout those decisions. to the steamshipcompanies that five with them, to thebusinessman who manipulates them. tothe unions that frustrate them. Everyonehas forgotten there are people in thisProvince who are paying through thenose for inconsistencies, inefficiencies.mismanagement. band-aid policies,illegalities. under·the-table-deals. Thereare those who claim that transportationcosts are blamed too much for the high

cost 0/ living. They are right. Thebusiness community a/ten takes ad­vantage 0/ the cry to tack on enormouspro/its.

There are those who claim thatCanadian National is doing the best job ifcan under the circumstances. They areright. But the circumstances are neverexplained.

There are those who claim the unionsare inhibiting improvement 0/ thesystem. The}' are right. It is the principleunder which unions exist - protect theworker.

There are those who claim politicaldecisions are made with the next electionin mind. Are they right?

The Frederick Carter offloading rail cars in Port aux Basques.

DECKS

AWA~H

Crabs - Continuedinstallation of an overheadhydraulic power block to liftthe pots over the side makesthe job easier. but is notessential. Three hundr edpots is an average number .

The pots. cone-shaped,about four feet in diameter.have a seine-type m e s hbottom held together by adr-aw-string. The pot is abouttwo feet h igh. with a one-and ­a-half-foot opening at the top.The opening is a funne l­shaped piece of vinyl, so thecrabs cannot crawl out. Bait.usually herring, (squidworks best), is hung from thelop inside the pot.

The pots. fished in stringsof fleets 25, spaced 20fathoms apart. are mooredby buoys at either end, andare placed on bottom, bet­ween 80a nd 170fathoms, forbest results. They are pulled(a good crew can ma nage 150per day) every second day, agood catch averaging 30pounds per pot. Officials areworried about over­capitalization of the crabindustry, leading to poorercatches for everyone. Moreand more peo ple becomeinvolved but the stocks staythe same. Increased supplymay also force plants toover-extend their capacitywhich may prove disastrousif s tocks and supply decreaselater. Boats must rangefurther and further away toexploit new stocks. Thecurrent grounds are inConception Bay around CapeSt. Francis. Officials saythere is a possibility ofdoubling the annual catch,but this would place severedemand on existing stocks.

The Fisheries ResearchBoard, Water Street, St.John's, and the Departmentof Fisheries, VikingBuilding, Crosbie Road, St.John's, can supply the in­terested fisherman with thenecessary information andhelp he needs.

Newfoundlandand the 1976

culturalolympics

As many of you know, thesummer Olympics will beheld in Montreal during 1976.But did you know that theOlympics are not justsporting events? When theGreeks held the Olympicshundreds of year-s ago, therewere cultural Olympics aswell, and the tradition wascontinued when the gameswere revived in 1896. In fact,gold, silver and bronzemedals for var-ious in­ternational cultural eventswere given right up until1918, and several Canadianswon medalsf The competitionwas eliminated before the1948Olympics in Fin land, butthe idea of a cultural festivalhas continued with everyhost country holding a majorinternational cultu ra lfestival accordi ng toRegulation 31 of the OlympicGames which reads asfollows:

"The Organizing Com­mittee shall arrange, subjectto the approval of the In­ternational Committee,exhibitions and demon­strations of the fine arts(Architecture, Literature,Music, Painting, Sculpture,Photography and SportPhilately-Stamp Collecting),and fix the. dates duringwhich these exhibitions anddemonstrations shall takeplace. The program may alsoinclude theatrical, ballet,opera performances, orsymphony concerts. Thissection of the programshould be of the same high

standard as the sportsevents, and be he ld con­currently with the m in thesame vicinity. It shallreceive full recognition in thepublicity release by theOrganizing Com mittee."

Unfortunately, it appearsthat Canada may be the firstcountry not to hold a majorOlympic festival. TheMontreal OrganizingCommittee for the Olympics(COJO), has allotted only$100,000 over a three yearperiod for the festival. Whilethat may sound like a largesum of money, it only meansthat $8,333 can be allotted toeach province and territoryand that is hardly enough toLa ke one group fromNewfoundland to Montreal,let alone other groups orindividuals. And certainlysuch a small sum wouldeliminate the possibility ofgroups or exh ibitionstravelling to Newfound landor other provinces.

There are anum ber ofgroups and Individuals upsetat the lack of in terest shownby the Montrea l OlympicCommittee. The Canad ianConference on the Arts thenational arts body whi~h isfunded by the Secretary ofState in Ottawa, has beenpressing (or more fundswhich will enab le a majo;festival to take place. Also, agroup of concerned athletesand artists have for med theArtists-Athletes Coalition toput pressure on the Govern­ment to provide more fun­ding. Representatives of bothgroups recently ca me toNewfoundland to fa miliarizethe Minister of TourismRecreation andRehabilitation, ThomasDoyle, as well as peoplein.terested in the Olympics,With the cultural Olympicsand urge them to plan forsome kind of involvement.

[Continued on n~xt page)

DECKSAWASH 32

Wime r ill Belleoram

Round 'n Aboutfrom Fortune Bayand Bay d 'Espoir

Cultural - Continued

Soon a fte r their de pa r ture,seve ra l member s of Mr.Doyle 's departmen t met withr epresentative s of th eGovernme nt in c onnectionwith the cultural Olympicsami it was deci ded that acom mitt ee to dis cussNewfoundland a nd thec ultur al festival would bee s ta bli s he d, consi sting ofrepresentatives fromrecreation, the performingarts , the visu al ar ts andperhaps, one or two otherpeopl e. Among the ideas theywill discuss will be what canNewfoundland do in Mon­treal , what ca n happen inNewf oundlan d d uri ng th esum me r of 1976. and whatc a n happen all acrossCana da in rel ation to the artsand Newfoun dland. Theseproj e cts will be in add ition towh at has a lready be enplanned by COJO in Mon­treal.

The kinds of ideas thatmight be tossed a round bythe committee a re thepossibility of inviting all theyouth orchestras throughoutCanada to . St. John's for afestival ; the possibility ofinviting som e of the sportspeople , such as socce r teamsfrom other nations to dopr eliminary practices inNewfoundland ; an exhibitionof Newfoundland a r t inMontreal ; a Newfoundlandhouse in Montr eal , whichwould hav e displa ys of New­foundl an d c r a ft s. art ,photography, and so forth.

No doubtthere ~re many ofyou who have ideas aboutwhat Newfoundland can do tocelebrate the Olympics andhelp those from othercountries enjoy this Provincemore (Newfoundland is agood stopping place for thosecoming from Europe toMontreal) . If you have ideas,why not send them to theDeputy Minister of Tourism,Frank Manuel, at the Con­federation Building.

BY MARGARET G. DAVIS,BELLEORAM

On the south coast, thewinter has been moderatewith a few weeks of bittercold . Som e of the harboursare relatively ice free, soth at fishing can still con­tinue . The FisheriesDepartment , under DaveGreeley and Captain ArchThornhill, is sponsoring twoe xpe r ime nt al boats inlonglining , and this hasaroused a strong interest inimproving the fishery.Belleoram received a LIPgrant this year to put inwaterlines and a road acrossbeach prop,erty to the site ofa proposed small fish plant­holding unit. St. Jacques isconstructing a communitycenter under the WinterWorks Program. The B.C.Packers' fish plant in Har­bour Breton reports goodcatches in cod , and herring isin full production. It's far

from qui et in these parts!The new doctor's clinic in

Mose Ambrose is nowcompleted. and the peoplear e eagerly awaiting thearrivalofDr. Brookes, as thearea has been without thelocal services of a doctorsince October. The nearestmedical facility is the cot­tage hospital in HarbourBr eton , but it is hoped that a

mJlJigal ~~~~a~h~~Jit~s ta r ted in the near future .

In Harbour Breton thewom en have organizedthem selves into four sewingclasses, to begin January 22.Th e classes are based on thecommunity school concept,where local people act asinstructors. One group ofwomen is dealing with theproblem of finding a hair­dresser for the area, andanother group has expressedan interestin learning how tomake quilts .

(Continued o n next /lage)

minced fish!

Hamburgersmade from

DECKS

AWASH

Round On About[Co ntmuedt

Sewing instruction is ingreat demand, with a classslated to begin in Belleoram,as well as in English Har­bour. Hermitage offers asewing course sponsored byAdult Education, and St.Albans has Adult Educationcourses in French, PhysicalEducation. etc ., as well.

The United States In­formation Service is sendingan exhibit of American craftsto the area in February orMarch. This display will beshown in as many com ­munities as possible, andincludes handmade itemssuch as a full scale chiefsheaddress, Kachina dolls

TWO UNITED STATESresearch workers, Mr.Frederick J. King of theNational Marine FisheriesService and Mr. George J.Flick of the VirginiaPolytechnic Institute, havetaken minced flesh fromseveral kinds of fish andmixed it with ground beefanti plan t protein seasoning.

The mixture was served inthe form of hamburgers . Thepatties were found to be asacceptable as all -beef pat­ties. They suggest that thistype of product might be anexcellent way to use fish thatis now underutilised as food(because only lfillets areremoved) or other kinds offish that are unsuita ble forfilleting.

In this work, King used ameat-bone separator atNMF's Atlantic FisheryProducts Technology Centre

3J

from the southwest, wovenbaskets, jewellry, and manyother examples of tr-aditionalcrafts.

.John Christopher Molloyhas been on the coast ex­plaining the New Hortzonsprogram for retiredCanadians, and variouscommunities have expressedan interest in beginning aproject, Belleoram hopes tobe able to start a RetiredCitizens Guild which wouldprovide a meeting place,small shop, and recreationfacilities for retired peoplefrom Pools Cove to WreckCove . A group in St . Albanshas looked into meetingfacilities, and will begin toset up their project.

In Gaultois a start has been

In Gloucester to remove fleshfrom coo, haddock, pollock,and cusk frames or fromheaded and gutted whiting,carp, and ocean perch.Employees of the Centre andother seafood technologistsalong the Atlantic coastlineparticipated as taste-testpanelists in the initialdevelopment of the product.

Based on the resultsalready obtained, Flickcarried on further ac­ceptance tests. He used alarger and different group oftaste-test-panelists andcollege students . Thestudents were told that thecafeteria was planning toswitch meat suppliers andwanted to see which onemanufactured the bestpatties for hamburgers .

They were given threesamples: all beef; 71per centbeef, 25 per cent minced

made on a eye (Company ofYoung Canadians) projectde altng with local levelpolitics anti participation. Alocal worker has been hiredfor the project The SouthCoast Regional DevelopmentAssociation is looking for afield worker and hopes tofino a person from the areafor the job .

The road connections to thearea still range from ex­cellent to atrocious ,depending on the weather. InDecember the Bay D'Espoirroad was closed due to deepmud and impassable con­ditions . Many people werestuck in the mud until theywere pulled free by roadcrews. One can only guesswhat Spring will bring!

whiting, and four per centplant protein seasoning; and61 per cent beef , 35 per centminced whiting, and four percent plant protein seasoning;and were asked to evaluateappearance, odour. flavour,and texture on a nine-pointscale. The minced whitinghad been stored for a yearbefore the test.

King and Flick's results,says the NMFS, indicate that"beefish patties" while anentirely different product,can be just as acceptable asall beef patties. Their resultshave been obtained underdifferent testing conditionsusing several kinds of fish, orvarying the proportion of fishfrom 25 to '50 per cent,

Although they found bothequally acceptable, the taste­test-panelists coulddistinguish between an a11­beef patty and a beefishpatty. They preferred thosebeefish patties that con­tained hydrolysed plantprotein seasoning (one tofour per cent final level).- (Reprint from FishingNews International Nov .1973.)

DICKSAWASH

Gr os Morn. National Park

Who is kidding whom?

Caribouscared of snowmobiles?

During November,Honourable Jean Chretien,Minister of Indian Affairsand Northern Development.made a speech to a Park'sConference.

Mr. Chretien said that inattempting to meet the needsof the growing urbanpopulation for more nationalparks, his department oftenfound that the primepotential park lands werealready inhabited. He said itwas not good enough tocreate a new national park atthe expense of cottagers,

REPRINTED FROM TIlt:FOGO ISLANDER.

JANUARY. 1914

Last week it was reportedthat several caribou wereseen on the highroad, and itis believed that the animalswere scared from theirfeeding grounds bysnowmobiles. Since there isbarely enough snow foroperation of the ScaredeerMachines, they are never­theless, on the go. But thequestion is, "Are cariboureally scared of thesnowmobiles or the racket

farmers or others whose wayof life depended on the landand its resources. Peopleliving on potential park landsmust be consulted andtreated with the dignity andhonor they deserve.

.. A good example of ourfeelings in this regard is thesettlement reached inNewfoundland for GrosMorne national park ," Mr.Chretien told the conference."We have shown concern forthe residents of the parkarea. No one will be forced toleave his home and rights of

they make ?" No doubt, mostowners of those machineswould agree that the cariboucan be approached ve ryclosely without being scaredoff. Therefore it isn't reallythe machines that scare thecaribou, but rather, the waythe operators handle theoutfits.

This is something for theWildlife Officers to watch.But then, there are no of·ficers stationed on Fogo, arethere?

Editor's note: It is illegal forhunters to chase caribou withskidoos.

inheritance will be preser­ved,"

So much (or Mr. Chretien.In December, a Con­

ference was held in Halifax,and at that time peopledirectly involved in pa rkdevelopment talked abouttheir frustrations in beingoozed out of their homes. Asa result of that Conferencethe following letter waswritten to our PremierMoores:3rd December 1973.Dear Premier Moores,

On the 1st December, inHalifax, a conference withthe theme, "The NationalParks Act: " A policy for thedestruction of rural com­munities?" . was held .

Delegates to the COD­terence were from citizensgroups concerned with theeffect that the creation ofNational Parks is having onrural communities inNewfoundland, Nova Scotia,Prince Ed ward Island.

The Chairman andTreasurer of the Sallys CoveCommunity Council werepresent and they moved thefollowing resolution, whichafter discussion, wasunanimously adopted by theconference.

BE IT RESOLVED THATThe Government of Canadaand the Government ofNewfoundland immediatelyask the residents of SallysCove what their wishes arewith respect to their future,as a community within theGros Morne National Park,and that both governmentsthen comply completely,with these wishes.

It was felt by the delegatesfrom all the provinces thctyou have a clear duty to

(Continued on next page)

Tho , 's 0 fine leg of moose!

Gro s Morne NaUonal Park

Gros Morne

DECKSAWASH

Nlld. scoff:T opped off

with marshberries

soaked in moon shine :

There they were, th e threeof them moose hunting atIlunt's Pond, south or G and erLake. They saw (ouranim als, but cau ght th eirmoose on the second d ay.Usually , Fred shoot s a moo se(or Jark, but this lim e J ackshot fot Fred. There wer egeese and ducks and th ethree e ve n had a bearlicence, but no lu ck thi stim e Ther e wa sn 't aone but ther e were ot herpeople out thinking th e remi ght be. In fa ct . th e woodsseem ed almost cr owded . Butthe three or th em didn'tmind, especia lly with such(east s e ve ry ni ght aspotato es. tur nips, ca bbage,onion s and corned bee f. Youknow , th e traditiona lNe",roundland scurr ...• andevery meal was to ppe d orrwith marsh berries soaked inmoonshine . It ma kes you"ant to go out and JOiDt hem .

[ Conttnuedt

ascertain what the wishes ofth e people of Sallys Cove are,and to then respect thesewis hes. .

We can only as k that youdo not become a party towrong decisions that in allpr obabili ty will lead to as ituation similar to that now

taki ng place with respect tothe Kouc hibouguac NationalPark .

Your fulles t considerationof this m att er will be ap­precia ted by all concerned.

Yours sincerely.A. G. Hammond

Recordi ng secretaryfor the conference .

DECKSAWASH 36

Wom e n'.World

This is what the symbols mean:

1. This is a voluntary syste m uSing symbo ls to give fabric careinstructions.

2. It uses traffic ~ghl colours to tell you to stop (red) , be car eful(amber) and go ahead (gree n).

3. Care labels must be permanently attached.4. Care instructions cover the whole article, tr im, buttons.

linings etc .5. This care standard takes in problems of shrinkage and

stretching, and colour fastness.Read the information given on labels ca ref ully and use it to helpyou care for what you buy.

How to take care of aga rment may be includedusing a colour-coded system.These symbols act as trafficcops . When they are greenthey say " Go ahead and doit! " When they are red theysay " Don' t !" And when theyare amber or orange, theysay "Be Car e ful !" Carelabels are not required byla w. If we don 't ask for themwe won't get them . Let's ask .

Textile

traffic

A colour-coded system hasbeen devised to tell you at ag lance whether a garme ntcan or can 't be washed,bleached. dried , ironed ordry-cleaned. Soap, suds, andelbow grease once drove thedir-t out of Monday's wash.Sunlight blueing and a hotiron finished off the job ;however, using tha ttec hnique on today's clot hingami we end up with rags. Thenum ber of man- made fibresand combinations of fib reswhic h go into tcd ays textilesare numerous. Labels lis tingthe fibres contained in thefa br ic must be attached tothe ga rme nt. This label mustalso ide ntify the dea ler eitherby name and address or byan ide ntificat ion num be r.These numbers areregis tered with the Depa r t­men t of Consum er a ndCorporate Affairs. If youwant the name and addressof any dealer just wri te toThe Consumer, Box 99, Ot­ta wa.

cops!

Goahead•green

o""-

........

El......,~

Mac h,new..,.,.blt,nholwll••

[Q)Tllmble dry low

aOtyn"

:;a: ~Do~'"," ~

I,onlow

g ODo not dlyclewo OrydMlllow

IRONING

DRYINGo

o

Stop Be careful .• •0'f!!!r e d 120 FMac_ ..._

V ~ "f.~,.OOnol wls h

WASHING ,.'3b.,

DRYCLEANING

Look at the labe l!

DICKSAWASH

Women'.World

And as ice c~Vasseroles

why as cheese---MT---drink

milk? in desserts

What does Canada's FoodGuide suggest about milk ?Children (Up to 11years ), 2lh.cups ( 20 n. ca.)Adolescents. 4 cups (32 n.oz. )Adults, }Ih cups ( 12 n. oz. )Expectant and nursingmothers , " cups ( 32 n. oz. )

Why is milk such an im­portent food? Because milkcontains nutrients that areessential for good health.Many studies and surveysindicate that Canadians arenot drinking enough milk .Without milk and milkproducts it is almost im­possible to obtain enoughcalcium , a mineral neededfor bones and teeth, to helpblood clot and to help themuscles and nerves reactnormally. For adolescentsand pregnant mothers , theCanadian Council onNutrition advises 1.2 gramsof calcium every day . Onegram seems like a smallamount; it is 1-28 ' of anounce; however, in order toobtain 1 gram of calciumfrom milk alone one mustconsume 4 cups (32 ounces )either as a drink or in foodscontaining milk .

Cheese is an excellentsour ce of calcium , but toobtain 1 gram of calcium ,one must eat 6 ounces ofcheddar cheese. There arefew people who eat thatamount in a day . It wouldtake 2 pounds of flour , 34oranges, 61h pounds ofcarrots, 5 lbs. of cabbage 4pounds of celery, or 24Ibs.'ofcooked hamburg steak toobtain the same amount ofcalcium as 4 cups of milk .

Skim milk powder can be

stored many months on thekitchen shelf if it isunopened; however, afterthe package is opened itshould be tightly reclosed asth e powder tends to absorbmoisture and should be usedwithin one or two months.When the powder is mixedwith water , it must betreated like fresh milk andrefrigerated. If reconstitutedmilk is refrigerated fortwelve hours beforedrinking, it has the samegood flavour as fresh skimmilk .

BAKED CUSTARD2 eggs2 tbsp. sugarpinch of saltI 1-3 cups milkIf.t tsp. vanilla(1 cup water,If .l cup skim milk powder)Heat milk in the top of adouble boiler (cover)Beat eggs, add sugar andsalt. Gradually add warmmilk to egg mixture stirtngconstantly.Add vanilla.Pour mixture into 4 in­dividual custard cups and setin a cake pan containingboiling water. Open poach ina slow oven , 325 degrees F.for about 30 minutes. Thecustard is cooked when asilver knife, inserted into thecustard, comes out clean.CREAM SOUPBasic RecipeIh: cup milkIf.t cup vegetable cookingwater or cooking water andmashed vegetables of your 'choiceI tbsp . flourI tbsp. margarine' .. tsp. salt

pinch pepper.

In top of double boiler meltfat , add flour and stir to forma paste. Add seasonings andmilk an d cook until themixture is thickened. Addthe vegetable juice (andmashed vegetables) dilutingthe mixture to desiredconsistency.

Note : Add heated tomatojuice at serving time tominimize the tendency tocurdle . Soda is not anecessary ingredient in themaking of cream of tomatosoup as it destroys both the Band C vitamins. It may alsoseriously mar the flavour ifused in excess.

SALT COD

AND RICE CASSEROLE

( ser ves six )

2 cups flaked cooked saltcodfishl "h cups cooked rice2 Tbsp . chopped onion3 Tbsp . margarineI...a tsp . saltPh cups skim milk1112 Tbsp . flour

1 cup soft bread crum bs

sprinkled with I Tbsp .melted margarine

In top of double boiler meltmargarine, add flour and stirto form a paste. Ad dseasonings and milk andcook until the mixture isthickened. Place one-half ofthe cooked rice in the bottomof the greased baking dish .Cover the rice with all theflaked codfish. Sprinkle thefish with onion and add halfof the white sauce. Place therest of the rice over thismixture and add the rest ofthe sauce. Sprinkle thebulle red bread crum bs overthe top . Bake in a moderat eoven , 350degrees F., for ~30minutes.

The last word is yours......

Craft Corner

DICKSAWASH

NEIl'S F ROM THENEIU'OUNIlLAND ANIl

L,\8RAI)OR CRAFTI)E\'ELOPMENT COUNCIL

The council is a bout toundertake a cratt survey inthe Province which willcollect informationbeneficial to the professionalanti amateur craftsman. TheAssociation is looking forthose involved in thetraditional crafts such assewing , knitting , quiltmaking, model boat building,to name just a few , as well assuch skills as snow shoe orlobster pot making .

In order to find out who ismaking what. where andhow, the Craft Council wantsto make personal contact inevery area of the Provincebecause many do not realizethat their hobby or interestmay be considered a craft byothers. They are asking,therefore, the help ofeveryone in all communities.If you would be willing todistr-ibute questionnaires inyour community or if youknow people who are quiteskilled in their hobby andshould receive a question­naire, would you contact theCraft DevelopmentAssociation at the Board ofTrade Building on WaterStreet in St. John's, and theywill send out as manyQuestionnaires as areneeded. Once the in­formation from thequestionnaire is compiled,the Council will then be in aposition to evaluate the needsof am ateur and professionalcraftsmen and do somethingto help them in the way oftraining, supply centers,outlets, etc.

It also should be mentionedthat the Craft Council isplanning an exhibition of

38

Provincial crafts in St.John's this summer. It ise xpected that the e xhibitwould be seen by hundreds oftourists from Newfoundlandand the mainland , and thatman)' of the exhibits could besold on a consignment basisdur-ing the exhibition fordelivery at a later date. Ifthere are any craftsmen onthe Island or in Labrador

Dear Mrs. Saunders:

I have read the articlewhich appeared in Vol. II ,No.5 of IIECKS AWASH andwhich purports to give myviews on certain subjectmatters, as expressed in arecent interview, and I amrather disappointed that itshould not ha ve been possibleto restate my views in a morefactual and somewhat lesssensational manner.However, I do realize that itis a reporter's prerogative tochoose whatever writingstyle he prefers.

Quite apart from mattersof style, I feel compelled tocomment on one particularparagraph which, I believe ,creates a totally incorrectimpression of my actualviews. The last paragraph onp. 33 seems to imply that Iagree with Mr . Smallwood'sbasic approach to the set­tIement of labour disputes .As many of my publicstatements clearly indicate,NOTHING COULD 8EFURTHER FROM THETRUTH . My point withrespect to the Churchill Fallsagreement was simply this :

who would like to sub mit;their work for display andpossible sale the Counc ilwould be very pleased tohave their names , type ofwork they intend to submit.approximately how ma ny!pieces and at what poss ibleprice.

There is also a CraftCouncil Newsletter publishedfour times a year. Anyo neinterested in receiving theNewsletter free of charge,should write the ExecutiveSecretary , Mrs. Ma rloKearley, at the Board ofTrade Building in St. John's.

conclusion of a multi-yearisite agree ment with ' nostrike' provisions (cou pledwith a wage formula) wasthe proper approach for aproject of that size andshould have been followed inthe case of the Come byChance refinery. In addition,a more rational-rathe r thanemotio na l-approac h bymanage ment and go ve r n­ment would ha ve bee n morebeneficial in t he long run ,eveq if less expedient in theshort run .

I shall resist the te mp­tation to comment on otherstatements contained in thearticle, which, I feel, do notaccurately reflect myopinions as expressed in theinterview, since the dif­ferences might be argued tobe shades of meaning ra therthan basic points of fact.

To reiterate, I am disap­pointed with the pub lis hedaccoun t of the inte rview inquestion, as it gives adistorted view of any rea lopinions on several matters.

Sincerely,R . G. Hattenha uer

Associate Profess or(Co ncl uded on nUl page)

DECKS

AWASH 39

[Continued

The last word IS yours .

We all know that saw millsare too wasteful but we doneed lumber, and more ofour timber should be used forthat purpose. We also knowthat no restrictions of anykind was ever used byanyone to conserve ourforests in anyway. All weknew and practiced waswaste and destroy until nowwe are concerned.

In reading the reports in" De cks Awash" severalitems are very interesting,one is by Bowaters that firstcuttings only yield 15-18cords per acre while secondcuttings yield 25 cords .Bowaters only came to thisProvince 35 years ago and ittakes at least those numberof years for timber to grow,and where did Bowaterscarry out any Forestmanagement? They alsoclaim that small saw millsshould not be allowed tooperate because they are toowasteful, but Bowaters willnot buy slabs and leftoversfrom sa w mills, and in 1961 Iwas refused a permit from

Yours truly,Maidment Shears

Rocky Harbour

[Cont inued on nex t page)

what steps should we take torectify such uselessdestruction? It is my beliefthat:

(a) All our forest should betaken over by Government,no compensation should bepaid to companies who haveclaims. these claims are onlyleased and the companieshave well received theirbenefits (rom these leases.

(2) All cutting should beunder Government super­vision so that killed andwindshook timber also bugkilled timber should be cutfirst, and healthy timber cutlast

(3) Government shouldtrain suitable people knownas forest rangers to overseeall cutting whether byCompanies or private, withauthority to cancel permitsand bring before courts.offenders.

( 4) All areas wheretractors, timber jacks andany other kino of mechanicaloperations are used so thatdozing ami uprooting of soiland stumps have takenplace, these areas should bereleveUed and the soil putback so that young seed cantake root and grow. Thisshould be done immediatelyafter the wood has beenhauled away.

(5) A birch plant should beestablished on the WestCoast or central part of thecountry, such as Deer Laketo use all birch that's left inany cutover, and also overmature birch.

(6) There should be moreharvesting of timber in theLabrador area. Governmentshould encourage andestablish saw mills so that alarge part of the lumber usedin Labrador and Newfoun­dland could come from thatarea.

Dear Editor: Bowaters to cut birch in theirFor 30 years I have been cutovers, although I had a

associated with lumbering, contract from thefirst my father started Newfoundland Hardwoodssawing lumber in this area in for an unlimited amount.1933 and continued on until I have travelled over many1962, and the timber used acres of Bowaters cutoverswas cut and hauled from the in different areas of thewoods over the snow except Province andthe only thingfor the last 10 years, some that Bowaters practiced wassawing was carried on in waste and destruction, andsummer. We did not use this brings to mi nd onetractors or timber jacks to question, are we concernedbulldoze roads, therefore with cutting or is itleaving the cut over areas regrowth? To me it'sready to start a regrowth. regrowth sothat we will haveFor several years during the timber to cut 10, 50 and 100late SO's and early 60's we years from now, There is noharvested birch veneer logs, need to transplant trees inrailway ties and I" lumber _ Newfoundland if the soil isfor birch flooring to the ° left undisturbed. But how isNewfoundland Hardwoods in the soil left after the timberSt. John's . has been hauled from the

woods ? After the bulldozerdozes its way to these areasand the timber jack hauls thetrees out what do we haveleft? Isn't the stumps, soil,rock, everything dozed,pushed and piled up every100Ieet in width as far as themachines can go for timber,and what do we expec t to seegrowing in these bareuprooted areas, and whe n?

Those who have not seenthe areas where wood hasbeen harvested bymechanical means since 1954have no knowledge of thefuture of our forests.Bowaters and A.N.D . hadone thing in common andthat was to make all themoney they could each daythey operated, their con­tractors did the sa me andany stands of wood that washard to get they left them. Inthe end thousands of smallstands of timber andthousands of cords of loosestanding birch blew downand decayed, no use foranyone.

Now tha t we seem to seethrough the unde rbrus h,

•

DICKSAWASH

""The last word"(Conti nued)

Dear Editor:I read the December, 1973

edition of Decks Awash withconsiderable interest. Therewas a 10l of good material inthis bi-monthly publicationand I am recommending thatour people in EnvironmentalCanada (and especially inthe Newfoundland FisheriesService) follow your writingsmore carefully in the future.

Thank you for publishingan outline of our federalFisheries policy. Thoughsketchy it is factual enough.More flesh should be put onthe bone and I am asking Mr.Len Cowly our RegionalDirector in 51. John 's ,Newfoundland to provide youwith additional informationwhich you could publish at alater date .

My attention was drawn,particularly, to an articleentitled "whose fishing campare you in?" It, in effect,describes two camps. One isvery confused. The otherendeavouring to bring orderout of chaos.

In order to qualify myselffor the later category let mesay as emphatically as I can,that it is federal governmentpolicy to expand anddiversity our fishery. Thisapplies, as much, or more, tothe inshore fishery. It hasgreat future, especially if wecan bring the distant offshoreoperations of foreign Deetsunder close scrutiny andcontrol

The confused camp, ac­cording to your article,saysthat " fi s her me n will nolonger be able to catcb a littlebit of this and a little bit Dfthat." There is a deter­mination to "pigeon-hole"the fisherman.

This is nonsense. I agreethat "fishermen cannot beseparated according to thespecies they catcb because

they often catch salmon aswell as lobsters, cod as wellas herring and halibut andin winter, seals."

I would like to see each andeveryone of our fishermentaking more fish and gettinghigher prices for his fish. Iwould like to see them fishingmore months of the yearsand catching a great varietyof species. To this end we willbe subsidizing more vessels,especially those which willbe taking under-exploitedspecies like caplin. Thevolume of our total catch willgo up and in this way over­fishing for particular specieswill be less likely to occur.There is another misin­terpretation of federalpolicy, deliberate orotherwise. The · inshorefishery is to be promoted, notcurtailed. True, the numbersof groundfish coming closeinshore have been declining.They have been hitting ourstocks too hard far out to sea.

We are already reducingthe foreign fishing effortthrough internationalnegotiation. We are alsolimiting the num ber of newCanadian trawlers fishingfor certain species in certainoffshore areas. We are en­couraging new Canadiantrawlers to go elsewhere.These two actions, together,should, eventually meanmore fish for our smallerinshore fishermen.

My faith in the inshorefishery is based, essentiallyon facts. These facts areexpressed in dollars andcents. OlD'inshore fishermencan catch more fish perdollar invested in boats or interms of man days. Owlongllners, if properlyoperated, are more efficientthan big trawlers. True, thelatter are needed to bring infish for the plants, especiallyin the winter. But, our in­shore fishermen, are betterthan their foreign c om-

petitors in tra wlers by morethan two to one if wemeasure their output in realeconomic down to earthterms.

Why. because they catchfish which bri,ng themselvesin to shore. Because theircatch can be landed in abetter condition. Becauseinshore codfish can beprocessed on shore becausethe industry can avoid anexpensive support operationof the kind which big foreignfishing fleets acquire inorder to stay at sea formonths at a time.

Yes, we are insisting thatnew fish boats have to bebuilt in such a way as to keepthe fish in the best possibleway. Yes. we are alsolaunching a program for theconstruction of new ice andother chilling facilitiesscattered regionally aroundour coastlines. Yes, we arebuilding more small docksand wharves in Newfoun­dland and Labrador.

Obviously, Ottawa doesn'tbelieve that the inshorefishery is finished. Ob·viously, the mountingnum ber of dollars which it isputting into these additionalboats, docks, and otherfacilities belies the chargethat it has no faith in thefuture of our inshorefishermen.

The federal governmenthas its critics of course andone of their methods is to tryto confuse issues. Yourpublication "Decks Awash"helped to defeat them in theirpurpose by publishing anarticle on this subject. Iwould appreciate it verymuch if you could find somespace in which to also printthis letter because it is thepolicy of the FederalFisheries Service whichthese "two camps" allegedlyare talking about.

Yours sincerely,Jack Davis