nasa/george c. marshall space flight center huntsville ... · huntsville, alabama 35812 dear nasa:...

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KRUEGER SCHOOL OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center Student Launch Initiative Proposal SPOREFINS

(Spore Production Operation Regrowth Efficiency Flight Impact Navigation Stability)

FRR—-March 6th, 2017

Submitted To:

NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, Alabama 35812

Ian Bryant, Jacobs ESSSA Group

Katie Wallace, NASA MSFC Julie Clift, NASA MSFC

Submitted By:

Northeast Independent School District Krueger Middle School 438 Lanark Drive San Antonio, Texas 78218 210-356-4700

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Table Of Contents

COVER SHEET Page 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION Page 3

SCHOOL / TEAM INFORMATION Page 4

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT Page 8

CHANGES SINCE CDR Page 13

SAFETY Page 14

VEHICLE CRITERIA Page 30

SCALE MODEL RESULTS Page 40

FULL SCALE PRACTICE FLIGHTS Page 45

EXPERIMENT 1 Page 47

EXPERIMENT 2 Page 51

OUTREACH Page 59

PROJECT PLAN Page 61

DELIVERABLES Page 74

APPENDIX—MSDS Page 75

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Academic Affairs Office NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center HS30 Huntsville, Alabama 35812 Dear NASA: The Krueger School of Applied Technologies is a middle school magnet program. Its student body includes qualifying students from throughout the North East Independ-ent School District attendance zones. The magnet program teachers have made a concerted effort to expand the participation of students in extracurricular activities like the Team America Rocketry Challenge and NASA Student Launch in order to pro-mote the interests of students in science. NASA Student Launch has allowed the students, in our program, to incorporate many skills learned in other subjects to com-plete the proposal, thus showing them real life application of what they learn. The students, teachers, mentors, and community members look forward to continuing their participation in the NASA Student Launch Initiative program and having a chance to build upon the lessons learned from the previous seven years in Huntsville. The Krueger School of Applied Technologies, located at the Krueger Middle School campus in San Antonio, Texas, supports the students who have worked hard on their proposal for the Student Launch program and enthusiastically await your response.

I would like to thank NASA on behalf of our school and community for offering our students the opportunity to participate, once again, in such a tremendous learning experience. Stephen Watson Director, Magnet School Programs [email protected]

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School/Team Information

Team Members

The KSAT Student Launch Initiative team consists of 13 dedicated team members; five educators and mentors, and 8 student participants.

Stephen Watson Director, Magnet Programs Rabia Team Leader— Fin Expt / Recovery / Website

Tracy Thomas [email protected] 210-823-2868 NAR 85365 level 2

Team Official/ Lead Educator / Safety and Outreach Mentor /Rocket and Payload Mentor

Rylee Spore Expt / Safety

Don Cosgrove [email protected] NAR #98396 TRIPOLI #4302 level 3

Rocket and Payload Mentor Jackson Spore Expt / Recovery / Web-site / Rocksim

Maria Guerrero [email protected]

Safety and Outreach Mentor Alex Spore Expt / Rocksim / Photography

Nathanael Doria [email protected]

Web Page Design Mentor Tristan Spore Expt / Recovery / Rocksim

Ezra Fin Expt / Safety

NAR section -KSAT, #570

Erin Fin Expt / Website / Photography

Zach Fin Expt / Safety / Rocksim

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School/Team Information - (continued):

Biographies

Mr. Stephen Watson

Mrs. Tracy Thomas: Team Official/Lead Educator/ Rocket and Outreach Mentor Mrs. Thomas is KSAT’s eighth grade Concepts of Engineering and High-Powered Rocketry instructor. She ob-tained her Bachelors of Science in Biology at the University of Texas at San Antonio in 1998. Mrs. Thomas taught elementary science and math in Judson ISD for five years. Wanting to teach a more advanced student, she ob-tained her middle school science certification. This is her 13th year with the KSAT program. Having grown up right across the street from NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, she has had a long-standing interest in the field of aerospace science. Mrs. Thomas is also the Science UIL coach for 6th, 7th and 8th grade. She has pre-sented at the Challenger Learning Center's Annual Conference in Houston and at the Space Exploration Educators Conference at NASA - Johnson Space Center. Mrs. Thomas obtained her NAR level 1 High-Powered Rocketry certification in the summer of 2007 and her level 2 certification in the spring of 2014. In May 2015, she obtained her Technology Education 6-12 certificate.

Mr. Watson is the Director of Magnet Schools at Krueger. Mr. Watson graduated from Hardin-Simmons University in Abilene with a Bachelor’s Degree in Education with emphasis in Math and Computer Science. He received his Mas-ter’s Degree in Educational Administration from Southwest Texas State (now Texas State University). He is current-ly working on a doctorate in Educational Administration at Texas A&M College Station. His career in education be-gan teaching 6th grade math at Madison Middle School in Abilene, Texas. After moving to San Antonio, Mr. Watson taught math at Eisenhower Middle School for eight years. He taught all levels of math while at Eisenhower including GT at the 6th and 8th grades. Because of his background in technology, Mr. Watson was selected to open Reagan High School to teach SATEC Algebra I. San Antonio Technology in Education Coalition (SATEC ) was a partnership in the late 90’s between several districts in San Antonio to integrate technology into mathematics instruction. Mr. Watson’s administrative career started the next year at Reagan High School. After four years, Mr. Watson also worked as Assistant Principal at MacArthur and Lee High Schools. Most recently, Mr. Watson has been principal at Bernard Harris Middle School.

Mr. Donald Cosgrove: Rocket and Payload Mentor/NAR and TRA Mentor Born Dec 10, 1944. Worked for the US Air Force for 45 years in medical research – currently retired. Master of Sci-ence in Mathematics and Systems Design University of Texas at San Antonio– 1976. Bachelor of Science in Mathe-matics, St Mary’s University in San Antonio. Level 3 Member of Tripoli Rocket Association since about 1990 and member of National Association Rocketry since 2014. I have been in hobby rocketry since I was 6 years old. My first interest was in fuels as there were very few vendors of rocket motors in the 1950s. I made black power motors with clay nozzles which were sometimes successful, sometimes not. This was under the supervision of my dad. I left the hobby when I entered High School and then came back to it during my undergraduate years. After discover-ing high power rocketry, my interest reignited and I began to fly with the San Antonio Rocket Society of which I am still a member. My current interest is in core design for solid rocket motors. In particular, I have interest in control-ling burn surface during the motor burn to achieve a predetermined thrust profile. I have written a paper on this which was published in Rockets Magazine. I have another paper in progress in which I detail the design of a solid fuel motor that delivers a large and increasing thrust during the first part of the burn and then delivers thrust that is about 30% of the maximum for about 12 seconds. Total burn time is 13 seconds and total thrust is in the L thrust range. These motors have been built and tested. These are all geometric applications and are independent of the fuel chemistry.

Ms. Maria Guerrero: Safety and Outreach Mentor Ms. Guerrero is extremely excited to be starting her 14th year at Krueger and 17 years of teaching all togeth-er. While at Krueger, she has had the opportunity to teach all grade levels of science. She moved to San Antonio from El Paso with her family 14 years ago and Krueger has become her home away from home. Through the years she has worked with thousands of many great students that have left her with many great memories and friend-ships. Furthermore, she has been blessed to be a part of one of the best departments at Krueger.

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Biographies

Mr. Nathaniel Doria: Web Design Mentor

Mr. Doria was born in Mexico City in 1960, where his parents were officers of The Salvation Army. His parents

were directors of a Children's Home which provided him the experience to grow with 84 brothers and sisters. He

attended elementary school and middle school in Acapulco, México. Through his parents influence, he realized he

wanted to become a teacher. He and his sister attended the Normal School for Teachers in Tampico, México. In

1991, after 11 years of teaching in Mexico, he and his wife and children moved to California. It is there that they

participated in an intensive training program for The Salvation Army . After 12 years of service, he and his wife

decided to move to San Antonio and return to their original vocation, teaching. He is very happy to teach Tech-

nology at Krueger Middle School.


:

Erin is an eighth grader at KSAT. She went to Harmony Hills Elementary and has been loving KSAT ever since the first day of school. She is a club swimmer at Alamo Area Association and she is also involved in many clubs and sports. She has worked hard to get into the Student Launch Initiative and is looking forward to all of our experienc-es together as a group! She loves to work with others and to be connected with this amazing rocketry experience! Her goal is to attend University of Texas for a science degree. She cannot wait to get to Alabama and hopes to attend Team America Finals, as well!

Tristan was born in Pforzheim, Germany. He always wanted to challenge himself when he was young. He always wanted to be an astronaut when he was little, but it was when he was about 4 he realized his chances of becoming that are so slim that he would be wasting his time trying to become one. The thing was he thought working with flying or space research topics would be really hard, but when he heard about KSAT he wanted to get into the pro-gram. Then he heard about Student Launch and it got him more motivated. Since he was in 5th grade he had been wanting to work with NASA and to build rockets. The reason was that he thought building rockets would be a im-possible thing but he was up for the challenge, but he got into the school and it was easy . Then he heard about how to get into Student Launch and he had to get in so he worked hard and achieved his dreams. For the future he wants to become an aerospace engineer.

Erin:

Zachary is a student currently attending the Krueger School of Applied Technologies. He has been involved with aerospace and mechanical engineering. He has built many airplanes and small rockets. He has also loved NASA and all it has worked for. He also hopes to go to space. He was first interested in KSAT in the fifth grade, when the 8th grade SLI team went to his school, along with a few of the teachers. He plans to become a mechanical engineer and work on new rocket designs. He also wants to be an author and start a musical revolution.

Alex, born in Austin, Texas, moved to San Antonio, Texas in fourth grade. In fourth grade he had a good fun life at Huebner Elementary School, but it was too easy for him. Passing all classes with high grades was just boring in fifth grade. Mr. Watson, the KSAT director, came to Huebner to talk about what students could do in KSAT. Everything looked difficult so Alex was very excited. Then Mr. Watson talked about the rocketry and technology portion of KSAT, at that time Alex knew he would join KSAT and try to get onto the rocket team.

Zachary:

Tristan:

Alex:

Rylee goes to the Krueger School of Applied Technologies or K.S.A.T. She came to K.S.A.T because she was interest-ed in rocketry and computer sciences, and she’s come to love going to school there. She is an athlete, cyberpatriot and musician at Krueger and loves being part of the SLI team. Her elementary school was Windcrest which her mom was the principal of, and she says that’s where she got her sense of community and teamwork from. Rylee is a honor roll student and has perfect attendance record at K.S.A.T. to which she plans on continuing. She is planning on go-ing to ETA and becoming an aerospace engineer. She is excited for the opportunity to work with NASA and will work hard for her and her team's acceptance.

Rylee:

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Biographies

Jackson Walters was born in New Braunfels, Texas on February 26th, 2003. He lived in Houston for 8 years and 5 now in San Antonio. In 5th grade, he heard about KSAT and tried to get in and did. This is his 3rd year in KSAT and his last. He wanted to join SLI because he enjoys building rockets and this will be his biggest one. He enjoys rocket building and computers. He wants to become a astrophysicist in the future.

Ezra: Ezra was born in San Antonio Texas. In first grade, he was introduced to rocketry and space. His friend had a col-lection of model rockets that he and Ezra would launch on the weekends. Since then Ezra has been launching and building rockets in his spare time. KSAT was his first choice for middle school. For high school, he will attend the International School of the Americas magnet program at Robert E. Lee High School. Besides rockets, Ezra fills spare time with Boy Scouts, Band and, of course, video games. He plans to go to the Air Force Academy, get a degree in either physics or engineering, and once he is done with his years of service attached to the academy, he will work at SpaceX.

Rabia went to Roan Forest Elementary School. She now attends Krueger Middle School for the KSAT (Krueger School of Applied Technologies) Magnet program. She became aware of the program when she came to tour with her brother and instantly fell in love with the school. She wanted to come to KSAT since 4th grade to follow her love of engineering and technology. She is a very active student and apart of many clubs like, Cyber Patriots, Academic UIL, and NJHS. In her free time she likes to help out with her sister ‘s Girl Scout troop, read, and listen to music. She wanted to be in Student Launch since 6th grade and worked hard to get in. In the future she hopes to become an anesthesiologist and go to college. She wants to attend Lee high school for the ISA magnet program. For now she can't wait to get to work with NASA and go to Alabama.


Rabia:

Jackson:

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Facilities / Equipment

Required Facilities—There are two facilities used for the KSAT SLI program:

FACILITY Hours of ACCESSABILITY PURPOSE

Krueger Middle School* M-F, 6:30 a.m. — 10:00 p.m. Rocket Design/ Manufacture Payload Design / Manufacture Ejection Charge Test Payload Test

Sam Isaac’s Ranch M-F, 7:00 a.m. — 6:00 p.m. (selected dates on contract)

Scale Model Rocket Flight Rocket/Payload Flight Test

Personnel — All team members will be participating in each phase as needed.

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Rocketry Lab Room 500B

This room has twenty three laptop computers and one printer. In the middle of the room is a large square ta-ble that can be utilized for rocket/payload construction and/or conferencing. Items in this room include: band saw, belt sander, drill presses, dremel, drills, and multi-ple tool boxes of screwdrivers, pliers, screw, bolts, washers, wrenches, hammers, and all necessary safety equipment (eyewash, goggle sanitation chamber, fire blanket, and a fire extinguisher).

Rocketry Lab Room 500A This room has five rectangular tables that accommo-date up to six students each. Power tools are also lo-cated in this room and include: band saw, belt sander, drill presses, dremel, drills, and multiple tool boxes full of screwdrivers, pliers, screw, bolts, washers, wrench-es, hammers, and all necessary safety equipment (eyewash, goggle sanitation chamber, fire blanket, and a fire extinguisher).

Linux Lab Room This room has twenty eight computers and two printers. A Smart board is available, if needed. A webcam is also available.

PHASE REQUIRED PERSONNEL

Design and Construction Tracy Thomas, Don Cosgrove, and all SLI students

Flight Test Tracy Thomas, Don Cosgrove and all SLI students

*Specific Krueger Middle School Required Facilities as listed below:

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Facilities / Equipment - (continued):

Rocket Component and Equipment:

Equipment: Band Saw Hobby Knives or blades

Drill Press Scissors

Dremel Wire Strippers

Belt Sander Wire Cutters

Hand Drill Screwdriver

Drill Bits Sandpaper

Pliers Soldering Iron

Rocket Parts & Supplies: Part Name Manufacturer Number

Nose Cone (Fiberglass-ogive 4 inch)

Giant Leap 2

Body Tube (BT-4 inch) Giant Leap 4

Bulkhead Birch plywood 4” Balsa Machining 4

Parachute (LP-18) Balsa Machining 2

Parachute (LP-60) Balsa Machining 2

Coupler (TC-4”) Balsa Machining 2

Shock Cord (25 ft. 9/16” Kev-lar 70 lb. on both top and bot-tom)

Balsa Machining 2

Motor Tube (MMT– 54mm) Balsa Machining 1

Centering ring 1/4 “Aircraft Birch Plywood

Balsa Machining 3

Eye bolt (HDWE-EYE-1/4) 6

Rail buttons Apogee Components 4

Custom Fins Aircraft ¼ Ply-wood (Birch)

Balsa Machining 2 sheets

5 min. Epoxy Pitsco 6 sets

Epoxy/Hardener and resin Giant Leap 1 of each

Fiberglass sheets/tape Giant Leap 3 packs

Nomex parachute protector Balsa Machining 2 sheets

K 695 Motor Aerotech 1

RMS 54/1706 Balsa Machining 1

Black Powder Charge Canis-ters

Apogee Components 8

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Rocket Component and Equipment:

Payload Parts and Supplies: Part Name Manufacturer Quantity

Perfect flite Stratologger CF Apogee Compo-nents

2

Sheet of 1/4 Aircraft Plywood Balsa Machining 1

All thread rods ¼” Home Depot 4

Wing Nuts ¼” Home Depot 4

1/4” Nuts Home Depot 4

¼” Washers Home Depot 8

Big Red Bee GPS Balsa Machining 1

916 MHz Receiver Balsa Machining 1

Through Mount Slotted Switch Aerocon Sys-tems

4

9 volt batteries Home Depot 4

Spores and agar plates National Fern Society

Numerous spores 4 plates

Scale Model Rocket Parts and Supplies:

Part Name Manufacturer Number

Nose Cone Ogive to fit 3.0” BT Balsa Machining 2

Body Tube (BT-3.0”) Balsa Machining 2

Motor Tube (MMT-38mm) Balsa Machining 2

Centering Rings Balsa Machining 4

Custom Fins (1/4 lite ply) (3 dif-ferent sets)

Balsa Machining 1 sheet

Shock Chord (1/4 Braided Kev-lar)

Balsa Machining 1

Parachute (8” and 30”“ nylon chute)

Balsa Machining 2

Cyanoacrylate glue Pitsco 1

5 min. Epoxy Pitsco 2 sets

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SLI Requirements Krueger Middle School / KSAT

Computer Hardware Dell and HP Computer Systems

Computer-aided drafting RockSim Software 9

Internet Access Yes

E-mail Capability Yes

Presentation Simulation software RockSim, Winroc, Power Point, Movie Maker, Macromedia Flash, Dreamweaver, Gimp, Pho-toshop, Paint

Broadband Connection Connect through IP using T1 line

Operating System Windows 8

Microphone Headset / Speaker Phone Yes / Yes

Firewall Yes

USB Yes

Analog Video Camera Digital Video

Point of Contact for firewall issues Robert Hernandez / Amir Burton

Video Teleconference Equipment

Vidyo-just need ports given by NASA


Computer Equipment:

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Summary of FRR report

Team Summary

Krueger School of Applied Technologies

438 Lanark

San Antonio, Texas 78218

Donald Cosgrove

NAR #98396

TRIPOLI #4302

level 3

Launch Vehicle Summary

Mark Twain IX

Length = 89.25 inches

Diameter = 4.0 inches

Weight = 223.49 ounces

Motor choice

Aerotech K695

Recovery system

Dual deployment and redundant

Rail Size

1“ X 1” rail size for 1/4” air foiled rail buttons

Payload Summary —SPOREFINS

Experiment 1:

Will increased acceleration impede spore germination?

The purpose of launching spores is to study the effects of acceleration on spores to de-

termine if the spores could survive a trip to Mars, so scientists could study a food

chain on Mars.

Experiment 2:

Does fin design affect the altitude, acceleration and stability of a rocket in flight?

The purpose of our experiment is to observe which fin pattern is most efficient for

sounding rockets.**ALREADY DETERMINED—CLIPPED DELTA**

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Changes Since CDR

Changes made to vehicle criteria:

--Our weight has changed from 234.39 ounces to 223.49 ounces be-

cause we overestimated the weight of our aluminum bulkheads.

--We also changed our shock cord from tubular kevlar to tubular nylon.

We switched to nylon because of availability and have a Kevlar protec-

tor for the tether. The protector is a 30 inch non-flammable sleeve on

the part of each shock cord that is closest to the ejection charges.

-- We also changed our main parachute from a 98 inch to a 60 inch di-

ameter. We made this change because we recalculated kinetic energy

based on the 60 inch and the values were well within the limits and re-

duced drift.

--One of our switches tested bad after the first flight so we decided to

use simpler technology (screw switch) for the second flight and both

switches tested good after the flight.

Changes to the payload criteria:

There have been no changes.

Changes made to project plan:

We did launch our full scale a second time. We have purchased our

airline tickets.

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The safety of educators, mentors, and students working on this project is very important. Every

member of the team will receive a copy of the NAR safety procedures and will be continually

briefed on them throughout the duration of the project. All team members will follow the safety

rules and procedures when building, testing, and flying the rocket.

Ezra, Zach, and Rylee are our safety officers. They will be in charge of making sure that every team

member follows the safety procedures and that the team members know how to safely use all the

equipment. Each team member must pass a safety test over the NAR High Powered Rocketry Code

and the use of power tools. The safety officers will also brief the students before every launch on

safety procedures utilized during each launch.

Tracy Thomas and Don Cosgrove will be their mentors and make sure all safety procedures are fol-

lowed. Don Cosgrove has his level 3 certification and will attend all launches.

Our safety procedures include:

Safety

1. At least two team members will be working together at all times.

2. Team members will wear safety gear while building and testing.

3. Electronic devices will have multiple switches to prevent accidental

firing.

4. All black powder and ejection charge preparation will be

handled by Don Cosgrove

5. Students will review safety procedures and checklists multiple

times.

6. The Safety Officers will make sure to remind the team daily of

the safety concerns for each particular task.

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Safety - (continued):

Safety regulations and codes to be followed: Federal Aviation Administration: Use of Airspace The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has regulations for air space usage. Model Rockets

enjoy relief from FAA regulations via Federal Aviation Regulations Part 101; see FAR101 at

www.access.gpo.gov. It states the following:

Rockets weighing less than one pound and flying on less than 4 ounces of propellant, FAR 101 rock-

ets, do not require notification of the FAA. Large Model Rockets, weighing between 1 and 3.3 lbs

and flying on not more than 4.4 ounces of propellant, while not requiring a waiver from the FAA,

require a phone call to the nearest FAA tower or airport for notification of the planned activity.

Model Rockets are also considered toys by the federal government and as such must meet Consum-

er Product Safety Commissions safety requirements.

Waivers from the FAA are required to fly High Power Rockets weighing more than 3.3lbs and/or

flying on greater than 4.4 ounces of propellant. While anyone may apply to the FAA for a waiver,

this process is normally handled by a rocketry club officer, often the Launch Director. When grant-

ing waivers, the FAA reviews the normal use of the airspace for which a waiver has been requested

to determine the feasibility of rerouting airplanes while launches are being held. Waivers to high

altitudes are most readily granted for airspace that is not heavily used therefore, launch sites with

high waivers are often many miles from large cities and airline traffic patterns. Waivers are grant-

ed in MSL or altitude above mean sea level. Waivers are often referred to in AGL, above ground

level, a figure determined by subtracting the elevation of the launch site from the MSL altitude. For

more information on the FAA see www.faa.gov.

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

The acquisition and use of rocket motors, specifically Ammonium Perchlorate Composite Propel-

lant, or APCP, is NO LONGER regulated by the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms. An ATF

license is not required to purchase or use APCP rocket motors.

All the above safety information was acquired from http://www.flyrockets.com/regulations.html.

http://www.access.gpo.gov/

http://www.faa.gov/

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National Association of Rocketry- High Power Rocket Safety Code:

Certification. I will only fly high power rockets or possess high power rocket motors that are within

the scope of my user certification and required licensing.

Materials. I will use only lightweight materials such as paper, wood, rubber, plastic, fiberglass, or

when necessary ductile metal, for the construction of my rocket.

Motors. I will use only certified, commercially made rocket motors, and will not tamper with these

motors or use them for any purposes except those recommended by the manufacturer. I will not al-

low smoking, open flames, nor heat sources within 25 feet of these motors.

Ignition System. I will launch my rockets with an electrical launch system, and with electrical mo-

tor igniters that are installed in the motor only after my rocket is at the launch pad or in a desig-

nated prepping area. My launch system will have a safety interlock that is in series with the launch

switch that is not installed until my rocket is ready for launch, and will use a launch switch that

returns to the "off" position when released. If my rocket has onboard energetic and firing circuits

will be inhibited except when my rocket is in launching position.

Misfires. If my rocket does not launch when I press the button of my electrical launch system, I will

remove the launcher's safety interlock or disconnect its battery, and will wait 60 seconds after the

last launch attempt before allowing anyone to approach the rocket.

Launch Safety. I will use a 5-second countdown before launch. I will ensure that no person is closer

to the launch pad than allowed by the accompanying Minimum Distance Table, and that a means is

available to warn participants and spectators in the event of a problem. When arming onboard en-

ergetic and firing circuits I will ensure that no person is at the pad except safety personnel and

those required for arming and disarming operations. I will check the stability of my rocket before

flight and will not fly it if it cannot be determined to be stable. When conducting a simultaneous

launch of more than one high powered rocket I will observe the additional requirements of NFPA

1127.

Launcher. I will launch my rocket from a stable device that provides rigid guidance until the rocket

has attained a speed that ensures a stable flight, and that is pointed to within 20 degrees of verti-

cal. If the wind speed exceeds 5 miles per hour I will use a launcher length that permits the rocket

to attain a safe velocity before separation from the launcher. I will use a blast deflector to prevent

the motor's exhaust from hitting the ground. I will ensure that dry grass is cleared around each

launch pad in accordance with the accompanying Minimum Distance table, and will increase this

distance by a factor of 1.5 and clear that area of all combustible material if the rocket motor being

launched uses titanium sponge in the propellant.


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National Association of Rocketry- High Power Rocket Safety Code (continued):

Size. My rocket will not contain any combination of motors that total more than 40,960 N-sec (9208

pound-seconds) of total impulse. My rocket will not weigh more at liftoff than one-third of the certi-

fied average thrust of the high power rocket motor (s) intended to be ignited at launch.

Flight Safety. I will not launch my rocket at targets, into clouds, near airplanes, nor on trajectories

that take it directly over the heads of spectators or beyond the boundaries of the launch site, and

will not put any flammable or explosive payload in my rocket. I will not launch my rockets if wind

speeds exceed 20 miles per hour. I will comply with Federal Aviation Administration airspace regu-

lations when flying, and will ensure that my rocket will not exceed any applicable altitude limit in

effect at that launch site.

Launch Site. I will launch my rocket outdoors, in an open area where trees, power lines, occupied

buildings, and persons not involved in the launch do not present a hazard, and that is at least as

large on its smallest dimension as one-half of the maximum altitude to which rockets are allowed to

be flown at that site or 1500 feet, whichever is greater, or 1000 feet for rockets with a combined

total impulse of less than 160 N-sec, a total liftoff weight of less than 1500 grams, and a maximum

expected altitude of less than 610 meters (2000 feet).

Launcher Location. My launcher will be 1500 feet from any occupied building or from any public

highway on which traffic flow exceeds 10 vehicles per hour, not including traffic flow related to the

launch. It will also be no closer than the appropriate Minimum Personnel Distance from the accom-

panying table from any boundary of the launch site.

Recovery System. I will use a recovery system such as a parachute in my rocket so that all parts of

my rocket return safely and undamaged and can be flown again, and I will use only flame-resistant

or fireproof recovery system wadding in my rocket.

Recovery Safety. I will not attempt to recover my rocket from power lines, tall trees, or other dan-

gerous places, fly it under conditions where it is likely to recover in spectator areas or outside the

launch site, nor attempt to catch it as it approaches the ground.

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MINIMUM DISTANCE TABLE

Note: A Complex rocket is one that is multi-staged or that is propelled by two or more rocket mo-

tors.

Installed Total Impulse

(Newton-Seconds)

Equivalent

High Power

Motor Type

Minimum

Diameter of

Cleared Area

(ft.)

Minimum Personnel

Distance (ft.)

Minimum Personnel

Distance (Complex

Rocket) (ft.)

0 -- 320.00 H or smaller 50 100 200

320.01 -- 640.00 I 50 100 200

640.01 -- 1,280.00 J 50 100 200

1,280.01 -- 2,560.00 K 75 200 300

2,560.01 -- 5,120.00 L 100 300 500

5,120.01 -- 10,240.00 M 125 500 1000

10,240.01 --20,480.00 N 125 1000 1500

20,480.01 --40,960.00 O 125 1500 2000

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Use of Airspace

Sec. 101.21-Applicability.

This subpart applies to the operation of unmanned rockets. However, a person operating an un-

manned rocket within a restricted area must comply only with Sec. 101.23(g) and with additional

limitations imposed by the using or controlling agency, as appropriate

Sec. 101.22-Special provisions for large model rockets.

Persons operating model rockets that use not more than 125 grams of propellant; that are made of

paper, wood, or breakable plastic; that contain no substantial metal parts, and that weigh not more

than 1,500 grams, including the propellant, need not comply with Sec. 101.23 (b), (c), (g), and (h),

provided:

(a) That person complies with all provisions of Sec. 101.25; and

(b) The operation is not conducted within 5 miles of an airport runway or other landing area unless

the information required in Sec. 101.25 is also provided to the manager of that airport.

Sec. 101.23-Operating limitations.

No person may operate an unmanned rocket--

(a) In a manner that creates a collision hazard with other aircraft;

(b) In controlled airspace;

(c) Within five miles of the boundary of any airport;

(d) At any altitude where clouds or obscuring phenomena of more than five-tenths coverage prevails;

(e) At any altitude where the horizontal visibility is less than five miles;

(f) Into any cloud;

(g) Within 1,500 feet of any person or property that is not associated with the operations; or

(h) Between sunset and sunrise.

Sec. 101.25-Notice requirements.

No person may operate an unmanned rocket unless that person gives the following information to

the FAA ATC facility nearest to the place of intended operation no less than 24 hours prior to and no

more than 48 hours prior to beginning the operation:

(a) The names and addresses of the operators; except when there are multiple participants at a sin-

gle event, the name and address of the person so designated as the event launch coordinator, whose

duties include coordination of the required launch data estimates and coordinating the launch event;

(b) The estimated number of rockets to be operated;

(c) The estimated size and the estimated weight of each rocket; and

(d) The estimated highest altitude or flight level to which each rocket will be operated.

(e) The location of the operation.

(f) The date, time, and duration of the operation.

(g) Any other pertinent information requested by the ATC facility.

20


Use of Airspace (Continued)

Sec. 101.25-Notice Requirements

-High power rocket motors, as defined above, must be stored in a Type IV or equivalent magazine

(See 27 CFR 55.210).

-These magazines may be located in an attached garage of a single family residence provided that

the magazine is separated by a wall and is not part of the living quarters. Indoor storage will not be

permitted in multi-family dwellings such as condominiums, apartments, duplexes, etc. Indoor stor-

age of low explosives must not exceed a quantity of 50 pounds as required by 27 CFR 55.210(b) (1).

-Any person who stores explosive materials shall notify the authority having jurisdiction for fire safe-

ty in the locality in which the explosive materials are being stored of the type, magazine capacity,

and location of each site where such explosive materials are stored. Such notification shall be made

orally before the end of the day on which storage of the explosive materials commenced and in writ-

ing within 48 hours from the time such storage commenced.

-The Consumer Product Safety Commission has define toy model rocket motors under 16 CFR

1500.85(a) (8), as those motors containing a propellant weight of 62.5 grams or less and which pro-

duce less than 80 Newton-seconds (17.92 pound seconds) of total impulse. ATF will consider any

model rocket motor containing a propellant weight greater than 62.5 grams and producing a total

impulse of more than, or equal to, 80 Newton-seconds, a high power rocket motor, placing it under

the provisions of the Federal explosives laws, 18 U.S.C. Chapter 40. Furthermore, motors containing

a total propellant weight of 62.5 grams or less, intended to be used as a segment for installation into

larger motors, and which cannot be used individually, will also be regulated.

NFPA 1127-Motors.

I will use only certified, commercially made rocket motors, and will

not tamper with these motors or use them for any purposes except those recommended

by the manufacturer. I will not allow smoking, open flames, nor heat

sources within 25 feet of these motors.

When operating Class 2-High Power Rockets or Class 3-Advanced High Power Rockets, you must

comply with the General Operating Limitations of §101.23. In addition, you must not operate Class 2-High Power Rockets or Class 3-Advanced High Power Rockets—

(a) At any altitude where clouds or obscuring phenomena of more than five-tenths coverage pre-

vails;(b) At any altitude where the horizontal visibility is less than five miles;(c) Into any cloud;

(d) Between sunset and sunrise without prior authorization from the FAA;(e) Within 9.26 kilo-

meters (5 nautical miles) of any airport boundary without prior authorization from the FAA;(f)

In controlled airspace without prior authorization from the FAA;(g) Unless you observe the

greater of the following separation distances from any person or property that is not associated

with the operations:(1) Not less than one-quarter the maximum expected altitude;(2) 457 meters

(1,500 ft.);(h) Unless a person at least eighteen years old is present, is charged with ensuring

the safety of the operation, and has final approval authority for initiating high-power rocket

flight; and( i) Unless reasonable precautions are provided to report and control a fire caused by

rocket activities.

Code of Regulation Part 55

21


KRUEGER SLI TEAM COMPLIANCE PROMISE:

All team members understand and will abide by the following safety regulations:

There will be a flight readiness review and range safety inspection of

each rocket before it is flown.

The team shall comply with the determination of the safety inspec-

tion.

The Range Safety Officer has the final say on all rocket safety issues.

The Range Safety Officer has the right to deny the launch of any

rocket for safety reasons.

All team members must comply with the safety requirements or they

will not be allowed to fly.

22

Safety - (continued)

Risk Assessment

Table 1: KSAT SLI Risk Assessment

RISK PROBABIL-

ITY

IMPACT MITIGATION

Unavailability of

equipment/

supplies

Low Schedule/timeline

gets behind

Be proactive and

order parts to ar-

rive before they are

needed.

Students have

other demands

on time

Low Schedule/timeline

gets behind; aca-

demics suffer

Delegate jobs so

that there are mul-

tiple opportunities

to complete a task

and more than one

team member as-

signed to each task;

grades will be

checked frequently

Bad weather on

launch day

Medium Unable to launch

Will not be able to

collect viable data

Have back up

weather dates

scheduled for every

launch.

Burn bans High Unable to launch Have multiple

launch sites and

dates available.

23


Failure Modes and Effects

Table 2: KSAT SLI Failure Modes and Effects

POTENTIAL FAILURE MODE POTENTIAL EFFECT OF FAIL-

URE FAILURE PREVENTION

Propulsion System Testing Engine explodes on launch pad

Can injure anyone within 400 feet

of the rocket from debris or the

overall explosion.

The launch station needs to be at

least 400 feet away from the launch

pad, spectators must be at least 500

feet away from the launch pad and

keep eyes on the rocket at all times

while it is in the air.

Engine explodes in the air

Can injure anyone within 400 feet

of the rocket from debris or the

overall explosion.



pad, spectators need to be at least

500 feet away from the launch pad

and keep eyes on the rocket at all

times while it is in the air.

Recovery system does not de-

ploy

Rocket can come down very fast,

land on someone and cause major

injuries.



pad, spectators need to be at least

500 feet away from the launch pad

and keep eyes on the rocket at all

times while it is in the air. Do ejec-

tion test with calculated black pow-

der prior to launch.

Payload System Testing

Expt #2 Fins break

Rocket becomes unstable, or

can cause injury if it lands in

the crowd.

Use extreme caution and make

sure the fins are secure and du-

rable. Fiberglass needs to be

applied evenly.

Expt #1 Packaging Payload fails

and petri disk breaks inside

payload tube

Can cause lacerations when

opening payload tube

Make sure packaging around beaker

can contain broken glass and make

sure all items in that payload tube

are secured where they are not able

to move. Be careful when opening

tube after flight.

Electrical shock from malfunc-

tion of batteries or altimeters

Minimal burn injuries, electrocu-

tion injuries

Team members will work in dry

areas and will not open the electron-

ics (casing stays closed).

24


Table 3: KSAT SLI Hazards

HAZARD EFFECT OF HAZARD MITIGATION

Wrong calculations or incorrect interpretation of specifications

Can cause loss of control and unpredictable flight path.

Team members review work with mentor frequently

Band saw use Can cause dismemberment, lac-eration, saw dust in eyes, electri-cal shock.

Team members wear safety glasses and masks at all time, know safety rules of operating the band saw. Team members will keep all loose clothing, jewel-ry, and long hair away from mov-ing parts. Mentor will perform pre-use inspection and ensure safety/blade guards are in place and used.

Drill press Can cause puncture wounds, laceration, saw dust in eyes, electrical shock.

Team members will wear eye protection and masks at all times, know how to turn off drill press, keep all loose clothing, jewelry, and long hair away from moving parts. When working with small objects use a clamp.

Dremel Can cause lacerations, abrasions, electrical shock, saw dust in eyes.

Team members wear eye protec-tion and masks at all times, know how to turn dremel off, keep all loose clothing, jewelry, and long hair away from moving parts, use caution when in use.

Belt sander Can cause sawdust in eyes, lac-eration, abrasions, electrical shock.

Team members wear eye protec-tion and masks at all times, keep all loose clothing, jewelry, and long hair away from moving parts. When working with small objects use a clamp.

Screwdriver Can cause laceration, puncture wounds.

Team members will practice sharp object safety at all times.

Drill bits Can cause puncture wounds, laceration.

Team members wear eye protec-tion at all times, keep all loose clothing, jewelry, land long hair away from moving parts.

Hot glue gun Can cause burns, sticking together, electric shock.

Team members wear eye protec-tion at all times, use caution while in use, and practice hot object safety.

25


HAZARDS (continued)

Pliers Can cause pinching, laceration. Team members will use pliers in

a safe manner at all times.

Hobby knives Can cause laceration, puncture

wounds. Team members will use knives

in a safe manner, wear protec-

tive glasses, practice sharp ob-

ject safety, at all times.

Scissors

Can cause laceration, pinching. Team members will use scissors in a safe manner at all times and practice sharp

object safety.

Wire Cutters

Can cause laceration, pinching. Team members will use cutters in a safe manner and

wear eye protection at all times.

Wire strippers

Can cause puncture, laceration,

pinching.

Team members will use wire strippers in a safe manner and wear protective eye

wear at all times.

Hand drill Can cause puncture wounds,

laceration, can get caught in hand drill, electric shock, saw

dust in eyes.

Team members will use drill in a safe manner and wear eye protection at all times, jewelry is not permitted, and long hair must be pulled back.

5 minute epoxy Can cause binding things to-

gether, mild burns.

Team members will wear goggles, gloves, and an apron at all times.

Spray paint and thinners

Can cause paint in eyes, fume

inhalation.

Team members will wear protective goggles, gloves, an apron and work in well- ventilated areas at all times.

Cyanoacrylate glue Can cause glue in eyes, glue on

hands.

Team members will wear protective goggles, gloves, and

an apron at all times.

Soldering iron

Can cause burns, puncture

wounds.

Team members will use the soldering iron in a safe manner and wear protective glasses at all times.

Chemicals Can cause irritation of eyes

or skin and/or burns

Team members will utilize the

MSDS sheets in case of acci-

dent. The team will read the

MSDS before using the chemi-

cals.

Environmental Concerns:

There are no concerns for the environment from our vehicle. However, the environment

(density of the air and wind speed) could have an effect on our vehicle and payload. The

effects of the environment will be put into consideration during planning, constructing,

and flying.

26


KSAT Flight Readiness Checklist for Every Flight:

Visual Check:

____Is the rocket symmetrical?

____Are the fins of equal size?

____Are the fins securely attached?

____Are the launch lugs/rail buttons aligned?

____Is the workmanship suited for the flight?

____If applicable, are all repairs/changes made from prior flights?

Mechanics:

____Is the CP marked (with motor-from Rocksim)?

____Is the CP “>” greater than one (1) caliper aft of the CG (give distance between)? _________inches

____Is the CG marked (with motor-from Rocksim)?

____Does the rocket balance at CG point (must have motor in)?

____Does the nose cone fit properly? Hold the nose cone firmly and jiggle the rocket.

____The nose cone should move but not come off. Use masking tape to adjust the fit if it is too loose.

____Do sections (forward, payload, and fin can) slide on/off easily?

____Are sheer pins installed or marked?

____Are drilled switch holes aligned with internal altimeters?

____Are fins secure and parallel to rocket centerline?

Payload:

____Do the payload electronics work properly?

____If holes drilled for turning on/off…are the hole(s) aligned to do so?

____For dual deployment, does the altimeter make 3 quick beeps when switch battery and trip wires set up?

____Check altimeter mounting.

____Check battery mounting.

____Check wiring

Propulsion:

____Is the motor selected right for the rocket? The average thrust should be five (5) times the weight of the rocket.

Motor: _______

Avg. thrust in N=___________

Rocket plus motor weight in oz.=___________

T/W after converted to pounds=____________

Example: Aerotech F-60 has 60 Newtons of thrust. 60n / 4.45 lb/n = 13.48 lbs thrusts. If the rocket weighs 2.5 lbs

The ratio is 13.48 / 2.5 = 5.39; 5.39 is > than 5 so the motor is good for the boost of this rocket.

____Expected altitude=________

____Time to apogee=________

____Time to landing=_______

____Does motor case fit into rocket easily?

____If adapter, does adapter fit into rocket easily?

Recovery system:

____ Is the harness (or harnesses) 4 to 5 times the length of the vehicle.

____The material should be nylon or kevlar.

____The harness should have the nose cone/fin can attached at the 1/3 point leaving 2/3 thirds attached to the

main airframe of the rocket.

____Are parachutes attached with blankets and quick links correctly?

____Are they folded properly?

____Size of main?_______

____Size of drogue?______

27


KSAT Checklist for Full Scale Flight

LAUNCH PROCEDURES

A.Pre-launch (at prep table)

PAYLOAD/EXPT

_______Put spores in petri dishes labelled control and experiment.

_______Put tape around each petri dish to make sure spores do not escape.

_______Place experiment petri dishes into foam and insert into experiment payload tube.

_______Secure bulkheads.

RECOVERY SYSTEMS

_______Take both Bulkheads off EBay

_______Plug in two 9 volt batteries to battery clips on altimeters

_______Check all recovery wiring connections to ensure they are still connected to terminals.

_______Mentor has premeasured grams 2 gram of black powder for each canister to put on the

main parachute side of the payload (top).

_______Mentor puts a small piece of recovery wadding on top of the powder.

_______Mentor has premeasured 1.7 grams of black powder for each canister to put on the

drogue parachute side of the payload (bottom).

_______Mentor puts a small piece of recovery wadding on top of the powder.

_______Mentor tapes all four ejection canisters into specified locations on either end of the

EBay

_______Attach the ejection charge wires to both altimeters. Have an mentor put EBay back into

the body tube.

_______Reattach each bulkhead to the payload bay tubes.

_______Mentors take payload a safe distance away and test the altimeters.

_______Turn altimeters off.

_______Attach shock cord to quick links, parachutes, non-flammable blankets, to eyebolt on the bulkhead of the payload. _______Repeat last step for the other shock cord _______Secure rear Bulkhead _______Check attachment of the other end of the drogue shock cord to the eyebolt on the rear bulkhead in the fin can. _______Remove bulkhead in nose and plug in GPS. _______Insert and secure bulkhead into nose. _______Check the attachment of the other end of the shock cord in the top section to the bulk head in the nose cone.

_______Fold parachutes correctly and wrap them in flame resistant blankets. _______Insert wrapped parachutes into top section and fin can. _______ Attach upper airframe to payload. _______Assemble top section by putting on the nose cone and inserting two nylon shear pins. _______Attach the upper payload section to the top section of the rocket. _______Secure top section to EBay _______Slide fin can onto the bottom of the EBay. _______Insert 2 sheers pins into the lower airframe.

28


KSAT Checklist for Full Scale Flight

MOTOR PREPARATION-MENTOR WILL PREPARE THE MOTOR BEFORE FLIGHT _______Insert motor into the motor mount and secure it with slimline screw cap. _______Tape igniter to the rocket. SET UP LAUNCHER _______Take rocket to launch stand and place on rail. _______Using external switches, turn on altimeters with small screwdriver. _______Listen for the correct number of beeps (3) IGNITER INSTALLATION _______Insert igniter into motor _______Secure igniter using tape or supplied igniter retainer _______Clear launch area and launch after countdown! TROUBLESHOOTING _______If we do not hear 3 beeps x 2, turn off the altimeters and remove rocket from rail. Then take back to the table and check/reinstall all wiring. _______If motor fails to ignite after 2 tries, wait for launch control to declare the field open.

_______Check igniter. If bad, replace. If good, retrieve rocket and check motor. POST FLIGHT INSPECTION

_______As the rocket is laying on the ground, inspect all ejection charge canisters to make sure they deployed properly. In the event that any charges did not fire—MENTOR will go get the rocket and take all non-fired charges. _______Report to launch control for altimeter reading and then record data. _______Return to prep area to dismantle rocket. _______Experiment will NOT be opened until back in San Antonio.

29


Countdown Procedures

Countdown will be handled by the LCO (Launch Control Office) of the event. The will

proceed once the rocket project manager has prepared the rocket for launch, and all

check lists for launch have been completed. Announcement the rocket launch is pend-

ing will be by loudspeaker by the LCO. A countdown from 10.

Support Equipment

Tracking equipment includes the Big Red Bee with receiver and antenna.

Cell phones are used between team members, support personal, and launch organiz-

ers for recovery information/location, as well.

Safety Procedures

Range safety, launch preparation, launch event, and post-launch checklists will be

used.

Calculate Kinetic Energy at Landing for Each Section

Kinetic energy under drogue

Weight of Nose section 17.1 oz. 111.91 ft-lbs

Weight of up-per airframe 98.7oz. 645.95 ft-lbs

Weight of fin can 85.56 oz. 559.96 ft-lbs

Kinetic Energy on landing Weight of Nose section 17.1 oz. 13.05 ft-lbs

Weight of upper airframe 98.7 oz. 75.32 ft-lbs

Weight of fin can 85.56 oz. 65.29 ft-lbs

30

Vehicle Criteria - Design and Verification of Launch Vehicle

Flight Reliability and Confidence Mission Statement and Mission Success Criteria The KSAT SL team will launch a rocket to a minimum of +8Gs in order to determine if spores can germinate after exposure to increased acceleration and g force. The KSAT SL team will also determine if fin design effects the altitude, acceleration and stability of a rocket in flight? Success Criteria: If the KSAT SL rocket travels the required height (a mile), pulls +8 Gs, is recovered relatively undamaged, the team is able to retrieve readable data, and the spores that were exposed to G either germinate the same as the unacceler-ated spores or germinate at a different rate then, and only then, can the mission be declared a success. Review the design at a system level The performance targets for the reusable launch vehicle and payload are: The vehicle shall be developed so that it delivers the science payload/experiment

to a specific altitude of 5,280 feet above ground level (AGL). The vehicle shall be designed to use a standard launch rail. The launch vehicle and science payload shall be designed to be recoverable and

reusable. Preparation of the vehicle and payload on launch day shall not exceed 1 hour. Data from the science payload shall be collected, analyzed, and reported by the

team following the scientific method. The vehicle shall use solid motor propulsion using commercially available ammo-

nium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) motors. A tracking device shall be placed on the vehicle allowing the rocket and payload

to be recovered after launch (GPS module).

31

Vehicle Criteria - Design and Verification of Launch Vehicle (continued)

Describe the subsystems that are required to accomplish the overall mission: Main Airframe Subsystem

Rocket motor– K695

Fin Section- holds the motor tube as well as the drogue parachute, deployment charge, shock cord, and the fins

Top Section-attaches nose cone (which holds GPS) and has main parachute, de-ployment charge, and shock cord

Payload Subsystem Recovery subsystem Experiment—6 petri dishes divided into 3 capsules with foam packing around

each set—petri dishes contain spore seeds Nose Subsystem GPS– Big Red Bee- will track rocket to help with recovery Recovery Subsystem Altimeter– 2 Stratologger CFs- will sense altitude based on air pressure to set off

the parachute charges

Duel Deployment charges- Deploys the parachutes at apogee and 750 feet

Drogue parachute-Deploys when the altimeter reads the correct altitude (5,280 ft. or apogee)

Main parachute- Deploys at 750 ft to slow the rocket for a safe recovery and land-ing

Performance characteristics for the system and subsystems and determine the evaluation and verification metrics. Mark Twain IX is designed to carry a payload which contains a GPS component sys-tem and two altimeters a mile high. Before launch, the GPS will be activated. The GPS system will continuously transmit latitude, longitude and elevation. Once the rocket achieves apogee, the altimeters will trigger the drogue parachute to deploy and the main parachute to deploy at 750 feet. When the rocket is successfully re-trieved, the information will be downloaded onto a computer for analysis.

32


Integrity of Design—Confidence and maturity of design The students and staff have been building model rockets for several years. The Mark Twain rocket design has been used successfully as part of our SLI program over the past 9 years. Mark Twain IX has minimal changes in the basic design and has been tested in RockSim for stability. The fin shape was tested on the scale model and we will be using the clipped delta which provided the best acceleration in order to get the most Gs desired for the experiment. Deployment process, test results with ejection charge and electronics We have constructed the rocket in RockSim and have conducted several successful computer simulations. In these simulations, the velocity at deployment and landing is within the safe ranges. We will use a duel deployment system with a 12” drogue parachute and 60” main parachute. They will be secured with eye bolts and a tubular nylon shock cord (25 ft. for the drogue and 25 ft. for the main parachute). We conducted an ejection charge test once the payload section of the full scale model came in.

Altimeter and Backup Altimeter

The altimeters located on the rocket will be configured to be redundant to avoid a sin-gle point of failure in regards to deployment of the drogue and main parachutes. The altimeters work by sensing air pressure which can be converted into an altitude read-ing. Two Stratologger CF altimeters (one primary and one secondary) will be used to control deployment of drogue chute and main parachute. Both altimeters will have separate power supply and black powder charges. Altitude and accelerometers data will be compared between the two different vehicle structures.

Recovery Subsystem Components Two 9V batteries Two Stratologger CF altimeters Four electric matches Four ejection charge canisters with black powder 12” Drogue Parachute 60” Main Parachute

GPS The Big Red Bee will be used to track our rocket and provide for a means of rocket recovery after flight. Motor- The motor will be retained by using a slimline. One part of the slimeline is glued to the motor mount, the motor is inserted, the other part of the slimline is screwed onto the glued part on the motor mount.

33


Duel Deployment Recovery System

GPS System

34

Vehicle Criteria —Design and Verification of Launch Vehicle (continued)

Our research sounding rocket will be named the “Mark Twain IX which is the pen name of the great author Samuel Langhorne Clemens. General space -- that sea of ether which has no shores, and stretches on, and on, and arrives nowhere; which is

a waste of black gloom and thick darkness through which you may rush forever at thought-speed, encountering

at weary long intervals spirit-cheering archipelagoes of suns which rise sparkling far in front of you, and swiftly

grow and swell, and burst into blinding glories of light, apparently measureless in extent, but you plunge

through and in a moment they are far behind, a twinkling archipelago again, and in another moment they are

blotted out in darkness; constellations, these? yes; and the earliest of them the property of your own solar sys-

tem; the rest of that unending flight is through solar systems not known to men.

- No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger

The original Mark Twain was designed to be part of our after-school high powered rocketry program. We chose this rocket model because it was designed to hold a Nitrous Oxide J-102 motor and be-cause of this, we felt it would be able to hold any payload we designed. Also, the rocket design should be able to handle the stresses placed on it by a K size motor. Mark Twain I-V, VII and VIII have all flown successfully with the SLI Program. Mark Twain the VI was also successful but done by our school alone. Mark Twain IX Vehicle Dimensions:

Motor Type and Size: In order to reach a one mile high altitude and our desired velocity, we needed to have an engine that could lift the weight of the rocket and payload. We decided to use a K695 engine which would give us enough thrust to achieve our altitude. We will be using a RMS 54/1706 motor casing. The Mark Twain IX will have 1496.47 N/s of thrust. It will burn for 2.25 seconds.

35

Vehicle Criteria —Design and Verification of Launch Vehicle (continued)

STABILITY MARGIN

DRIFT TABLE

Wind in mph Wind in ft/sec Total drift

20 29.33 2557

15 22 1917

10 14.67 1278

5 7.33 639

Time under drogue 62

Time under Main 25

Altitude for Drogue deployment 5097

Altitude for Main deployment 700

Velocity at Main deployment 82

Velocity at landing 28

36


Requirements or Rocket and Payload: A primary requirement of the rocket is to reach an altitude of one mile high. The high altitude will allow for a significant data readings to be collected for analysis. In addition to the payload experiment, the rocket will have to carry a gps system and two altimeters. A Rocksim program will be used to deter-mine that the rocket will be able to meet the flight altitude objective.

Major Challenges and Solutions: The team will determine an appropriate packaging arrangement that will allow all the payload compo-nents to be mounted in the designated area of the rocket. Consideration will be given to the mounting of the payload components to try to minimize impact stresses from landing.

RockSim Mock Flight Data

[K695R-None]

Simulation control parameters Flight resolution: 800.000000 samples/second

Descent resolution: 1.000000 samples/second

Method: Explicit Euler

End the simulation when the rocket reaches the ground.

Launch conditions Altitude: 662.99869 Ft.

Relative humidity: 25.000 %

Temperature: 70.000 Deg. F

Pressure: 29.9139 In.

Wind speed model: Light (3-7 MPH)

Low wind speed: 3.0000 MPH

High wind speed: 7.9000 MPH

Wind turbulence: Some variablility (0.04) Frequency: 0.040000 rad/second

Wind starts at altitude: 0.00000 Ft.

Launch guide angle: 0.000 Deg.

Latitude: 0.000 Degrees

Launch guide data: Launch guide length: 96.0000 In.

Velocity at launch guide departure: 74.6906 ft/s

The launch guide was cleared at : 0.244 Seconds User specified minimum velocity for stable flight: 43.9993 ft/s

Minimum velocity for stable flight reached at: 35.3906 In.

37


Max data values: Maximum acceleration:Vertical (y): 2227.959 Ft./s/sHorizontal (x): 2.481 Ft./

s/sMagnitude: 2227.959 Ft./s/s

Maximum velocity:Vertical (y): 726.9029 ft/s, Horizontal (x): 9.9142 ft/s,

Magnitude: 727.9167 ft/s

Maximum range from launch site: 424.41929 Ft.

Maximum altitude: 5912.36878 Ft.

Recovery system data P: Parachute Deployed at : 56.434 Seconds

Velocity at deployment: 142.5098 ft/s

Altitude at deployment: 749.83924 Ft.

Range at deployment: -145.44357 Ft.

P: Parachute Deployed at : 18.566 Seconds

Velocity at deployment: 24.2199 ft/s

Altitude at deployment: 5912.36878 Ft.

Range at deployment: -424.41929 Ft.

Time data

Time to burnout: 2.250 Sec.

Time to apogee: 18.566 Sec.

Optimal ejection delay: 16.316 Sec.

Landing data Successful landing

Time to landing: 100.051 Sec.

Range at landing: 69.96293 Velocity at landing: Vertical: -16.7893 ft/s , Horizontal: 6.4425 ft/s , Magnitude: 17.9829 ft/s

38


Altitude vs. Time

Acceleration vs. Time

Thrust vs. Time

39


Velocity vs. Time

Acceleration vs. Time

40

Vehicle Criteria - Scale Flight Results

PREDICTED FLIGHT DATA Trapezoid Fin Pattern

Elliptical Fin Pattern

41


PREDICTED FLIGHT DATA-CONTINUED Clipped Delta Fin Pattern

ACTUAL FLIGHT DATA Altimeter = Perfectflite Strattologger CF Scale is 3:4 (3” to 4” diameter) All variables kept constant—slide on fin system eliminates using multiple rockets-

same rocket used for all three flights—needed all rockets to weigh the same Coefficient of drag on scale model = 0.48

Scale flight determined fins to be used on full scale-one with highest acceleration

TRAPEZOID CLIPPED DELTA ELLIPTICAL

Weight with motor (oz) 85.71 85.91 85.81

Predicted Stability Margin 3.02 2.24 2.18

Predicted Altitude (ft) 1448 1456 1451

Actual Altitude (ft) 1130 1310 1156

Actual Acceleration (ft/s/s) 220 240 160

Observations Major arc to left Slight arc to left No arc to left

Wind (mph) 10 10 8

Time of launch 11:10 am 12:50 pm 1:45 pm

42


ACTUAL FLIGHT DATA CALCULATIONS...DATA FROM ALTIMETERS CLIPPED DELTA FINS

PerfectFlite SLCF

Firmware: 1.0

Software: 1.1

Serial Number: 1453

Apogee: 1310' AGL

Ground Elevation: -201' MSL

NumSamps: 976

Flight Number: 6

Main Setting: 750' AGL

Apogee Delay: 0 Seconds

Drogue At: 9.30 Seconds

Main At: 22.95 Seconds

Max Drogue Current: 0 Amps

Max Main Current: 0 Amps

Data: Time

Alti-tude

Ve-locity

Tempera-ture (F)

Volt-age)

Accel-eraton

0 1 0 43.07 9.1

0.05 -1 -20 43.11 9.1

0.1 0 8 43.07 9.1

0.15 1 12 43.07 9.1

0.2 1 26 43.09 9.1

0.25 4 36 43.07 9.1

0.3 8 44 43.07 9.1

0.35 8 53 43.07 9.1

0.4 12 60 43.09 9.1

0.45 15 68 43.07 9.1

0.5 19 78 43.07 9.1

0.55 24 88 43.07 9.1

0.6 27 101 43.07 9.1

0.65 33 113 43.07 9.1 240

0.7 41 125 43.07 9.1 240

0.75 47 136 43.07 9.1 220

0.8 55 144 43.07 9.1 160

0.85 62 149 43.09 9.1 100

0.9 72 152 43.07 9.1 60

0.95 78 156 43.09 9.1 80

1 84 162 43.07 9.1 120

1.05 93 170 43.07 9.1 160

1.1 103 180 43.05 9.1 200

1.15 112 192 43.07 9.1 240

1.2 122 203 43.07 9.1 220

1.25 133 214 43.07 9.1 220

1.3 145 223 43.07 9.1 180

1.35 156 231 43.05 9.1 160

1.4 168 238 43.07 9.1 140

1.45 180 245 43.07 9.1 140

1.5 193 251 43.07 9.1 120

1.55 206 258 43.07 9.1 140

1.6 219 265 43.07 9.1 140

1.65 232 274 43.07 9.1 180

1.7 245 282 43.07 9.1 160

1.75 262 289 43.07 9.1 140

1.8 276 293 43.07 9.1 80

1.85 293 293 43.05 9.1 0

1.9 306 289 43.07 9.1 -80

43


ACTUAL FLIGHT DATA CALCULATIONS...DATA FROM ALTIMETERS ELLIPTICAL FINS

PerfectFlite SLCF

Firmware: 1.0

Software: 1.1

Serial Number: 1453

Apogee: 1156' AGL


NumSamps: 888

Flight Number: 7







Data: Time

Alti-tude

Veloci-ty

Temperature (F)

Volt-age)

Accel-eration

0 6 0 43.84 9.1

0.05 8 53 43.88 9.1

0.1 12 59 43.84 9.1

0.15 14 56 43.83 9.1

0.2 18 64 43.84 9.1

0.25 20 67 43.84 9.1

0.3 25 72 43.84 9.1

0.35 28 77 43.84 9.1

0.4 32 82 43.88 9.1

0.45 36 89 43.84 9.1

0.5 41 97 43.88 9.1

0.55 47 105 43.88 9.1

0.6 52 113 43.84 9.1 120

0.65 57 119 43.88 9.1 100

0.7 66 124 43.84 9.1 60

0.75 72 127 43.84 9.1 0

0.8 77 127 43.84 9.1 0

0.85 85 127 43.88 9.1 40

0.9 90 129 43.88 9.1 40

0.95 97 131 43.88 9.1 80

1 103 135 43.88 9.1 120

1.05 110 141 43.84 9.1 140

1.1 117 148 43.84 9.1 160

1.15 125 156 43.88 9.1 160

1.2 134 164 43.88 9.1 140

1.25 142 171 43.88 9.1 140

1.3 151 178 43.88 9.1 140

1.35 160 185 43.88 9.1 100

1.4 170 190 43.88 9.1 80

1.45 180 194 43.88 9.1 60

1.5 190 197 43.88 9.1 20

1.55 200 198 43.88 9.1 0

1.6 210 198 43.9 9.1 20

1.65 220 199 43.88 9.1 40

1.7 229 201 43.88 9.1 80

1.75 239 205 43.9 9.1 120

1.8 250 211 43.9 9.1 100

1.85 260 216 43.92 9.1 100

1.9 273 221 43.9 9.1 80

1.95 283 225 43.92 9.1 40

2 296 227 43.92 9.1 40

2.05 306 229 43.92 9.1 40

2.1 317 231 43.92 9.1 40

44


ACTUAL FLIGHT DATA CALCULATIONS...DATA FROM ALTIMETERS TRAPAZIODAL FINS

PerfectFlite SLCF

Firmware: 1.0

Software: 1.1

Serial Number: 1453

Apogee: 1156' AGL


NumSamps: 888

Flight Number: 7







Data: Time

Alti-tude

Veloc-ity

Tempera-ture (F)

Volt-age)

Accel-eration

0 6 0 43.84 9.1

0.05 8 53 43.88 9.1

0.1 12 59 43.84 9.1

0.15 14 56 43.83 9.1

0.2 18 64 43.84 9.1

0.25 20 67 43.84 9.1

0.3 25 72 43.84 9.1

0.35 28 77 43.84 9.1

0.4 32 82 43.88 9.1

0.45 36 89 43.84 9.1

0.5 41 97 43.88 9.1

0.55 47 105 43.88 9.1

0.6 52 113 43.84 9.1 120

0.65 57 119 43.88 9.1 100

0.7 66 124 43.84 9.1 60

0.75 72 127 43.84 9.1 0

0.8 77 127 43.84 9.1 0

0.85 85 127 43.88 9.1 40

0.9 90 129 43.88 9.1 40

0.95 97 131 43.88 9.1 80

1 103 135 43.88 9.1 120

1.05 110 141 43.84 9.1 140

1.1 117 148 43.84 9.1 160

1.15 125 156 43.88 9.1 160

1.2 134 164 43.88 9.1 140

1.25 142 171 43.88 9.1 140

1.3 151 178 43.88 9.1 140

1.35 160 185 43.88 9.1 100

1.4 170 190 43.88 9.1 80

1.45 180 194 43.88 9.1 60

1.5 190 197 43.88 9.1 20

1.55 200 198 43.88 9.1 0

1.6 210 198 43.9 9.1 20

45

Vehicle Criteria - FULL Scale Flight Results

ROCKSIM PREDICTIONS

FULL SCALE FLIGHT 2-10

Simulated Altitude = 1875 feet

Actual Altitude = 1628 feet

--Both shock cords deployed fully, the drogue deployed fully, the main did NOT

fully deploy

--slight damage to avionics bay

--Both altimeters had a very large voltage drop when firing charges.

--Both recorded the entire flight without errors, but both gave the error signal.

--Both also showed full battery recovery.

--the e-matches that light the black powder charge appeared to be the problem

Since 2-10 flight

--avionics bay was remade

--changed switches so they do not pull as much voltage

46

Vehicle Criteria - FULL Scale Flight Results

FULL SCALE FLIGHT 2-24

Simulated Weight = 193.82 ounces

Actual Weight = 190.80 ounces

Simulated Altitude = 1875 feet

Actual Altitude = 1613 feet

**TEXTBOOK FLIGHT**

Altimeter 1

Altimeter 2

47

Payload Design-Experiment 1-

Experiment 1 : Spores

The Question: Will increased acceleration impede spore germination?

Purpose: The purpose of launching spores is to study the effects of acceleration on spores to determine if the spores could survive a trip to Mars, so scientists could study a food chain on Mars. Will increased acceleration impede spour

he purpose of the spores could survive a trip to Mars, so scientists could stud-Background Research:

A spore is typically a one-celled, dispersal unit capable of giving rise to a new

individual that then undergoes sexual reproduction. Spores are found in all

plants, fungi, and protozoans. In some plants like ferns and mosses, spores

are dispersed by wind, some spores are deposited in suitable environments,

while others aren’t. A suitable environment for most spores includes a place

that is shady, cool, and moist. We also found out that certain types of spores

can cause food poisoning. Mainly bacterial spores can cause food poisoning

because of their greater resistance to heat, chemicals, irradiation, and desic-

cation. Spores are frequently more resistive to stresses than their vegetative

cell counterparts. Spores are generally smaller than pollen grains but can be

bigger in some species.

48

Payload Design-Experiment 1-

Experiment 1 : Spores (continued) Hypothesis:

The spore growth will be slowed by the forces acting upon it during flight such as but not limited to G forces. The spores after returning to the ground will ger-minate slower than ones that were not exposed to high G force. This will be dif-ferent than a spore being brought up to an orbiting object for a day or 2 then being brought down because this is a flight to apogee and back. We believe this will have different results as this will be a short exposure.

Scientific value:

Land plants share a common ancestor with aquatic algae. One of the earliest plant adaptions to life on land was the evolution of spores that could withstand the relatively dry terrestrial conditions. This was obtained my encasing spores in sporopollenin, a complex polymer that is remarkably resistive to decay and protects the internal spore cytoplasm from the external environment. Spo-ropollenin is so resistive that intact pollen and spores have been found in rocks that are hundreds of millions of years old. Space travel, like that required to reach mars, will likely exert multiple stresses on plant material and spores may be better suited for such travel than seeds. Example of spore to use: Thelypteris kunthii Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton Wood fern, River fern, Southern shield fern, Kunth's maiden fern, Normal shield fern Thelypteridaceae (Maiden Fern Family) Synonym(s): Dryopteris normalis, Dryopteris saxatilis, Thelypteris macrorhi-zoma, Thelypteris normalis,Thelypteris saxatilis, Thelypteris unca USDA Symbol: THKU USDA Native Status: L48 (N), HI (I), PR (N), VI (N) The gracefully arching fronds of this fern are lime to medium-green in color and grow 2 1/2-3 ft. high by 8-12 in. wide. The fronds reach in all directions from clusters of stalks occuring at intervals along the rhizome. The foliage is almost twice cut and the pinnae taper to a point. The species takes on a bronze cast as winter approaches. http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=THKU

River Fern from local pond. River Fern from local pond under microscope.

http://www.wildflower.org/plants/search.php?family=Thelypteridaceae&newsearch=true

http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=THKU

49

Payload Design-Experiment 1 (continued):

***The team has also been talking with:

James E. Watkins, Jr., M.S., Ph.D., FLS https://sites.google.com/a/colgate.edu/watkins-colgate-lab/ President, American Fern Society

Associate Editor, American Fern Journal Principal Research Fellow: University of Wollongong. School of Earth and Environmental Sci-ences

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health

Associate Professor Department of Biology Colgate University 13 Oak Drive Hamilton, New York 13346 Phone: 315-228-7660 Fax: 315-228-7997 email: [email protected] PAYLOAD INTEGRATION SCHEMATIC

https://sites.google.com/a/colgate.edu/watkins-colgate-lab/

mailto:[email protected]

50


Background research links:

http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-01/948506647.Mi.r.html

Richter, Edward. "Re: Can Molds Grow in the Absence of Air?" Re: Can Molds Grow in the

Absence of Air? Edward Richter, Faculty, Food Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 18

Jan. 2000. Web. 13 Sept. 2016.

http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Science-Stories/Seeds-Stems-and-Spores/Plant-reproduction-without-

seeds

"Plant Reproduction without Seeds." Science Learning Hub RSS. Science Learning Hub, 2 Feb.

2014. Web. 13 Sept. 2016.

http://www.pollenplus.com/spores/faq.php "The Spores FAQ." Spore FAQ. Aerobiology Research Laboratories, n.d. Web.

17 Sept. 2016.

http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/1/158.full.pdf+html?sid=d187f75c-

71af-483d-9efd-2d01beb23c8d

Brown, K. L. "Control of Bacterial Spores." British Medical Bulletin 56.1 (2000): 158-71.

Web. 20 Sept. 2016.

Pictures:

https://wikis.engrade.com/foodmoldpictures

https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?

q=tbn:ANd9GcT3gHa2C2YbuIjX7JWBvkYWHvcWrBEGuYKepHqUEFoV13RtnkXk

http://www.thegardenhelper.com/spores.html

http://www.airfree.com/en-US/Products/Search-result/Search-detail/Mofo?

PID=142

http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-01/948506647.Mi.r.html

http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Science-Stories/Seeds-Stems-and-Spores/Plant-reproduction-without-seeds

http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Science-Stories/Seeds-Stems-and-Spores/Plant-reproduction-without-seeds

http://www.pollenplus.com/spores/faq.php

https://wikis.engrade.com/foodmoldpictures

https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT3gHa2C2YbuIjX7JWBvkYWHvcWrBEGuYKepHqUEFoV13RtnkXk

https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT3gHa2C2YbuIjX7JWBvkYWHvcWrBEGuYKepHqUEFoV13RtnkXk

http://www.thegardenhelper.com/spores.html

http://www.airfree.com/en-US/Products/Search-result/Search-detail/Mofo?PID=142

http://www.airfree.com/en-US/Products/Search-result/Search-detail/Mofo?PID=142

51

Payload Design-Experiment 2:

Fin Design - Experiment 2

***DONE ON SCALE MODEL-BEST PERFORMANCE FIN WILL BE PUT ON FULL SCALE***

The Question: Does fin design affect the altitude, acceleration and stability of a rocket in flight?

Purpose: The purpose of our experiment is to observe which fin pattern is most effi-cient for sounding rockets. Hypothesis: Our hypothesis is that with the fin in a(n) clipped delta, the rocket will go higher, and faster than with a different kind of fin.

Background Research:

Main things that we will cover

fin span is more effective than fin length.

best shapes for fins are either the clipped delta or the trapezoidal

Advantages and disadvantages of all of our certain fin ideas

The Purpose of the Fin: The point of the fins on a rocket, airplane, or any other mech-anism that has them is to stabilize the mechanism while in flight. A parallelogram shaped fin has four different edges: the root edge, the one attached to the rocket, the leading edge, the one connected to the top of the root, the tip, the edge on the tip of the fin, and the trailing edge, the edge coming out of the bottom of the root edge. On the other hand, an elliptical fin has only a root edge and in some cases, a trailing edge.

The Best Fin Design: The elliptical fin design got the best altitude in RockSim, of the rectangular, elliptical, and triangular fin design, though rectangular got the best ac-celeration. We are testing clipped delta, trapezoidal, and the elliptical fin designs. We will build a small-model of the mile-high rocket, which we hope to have tested by the first week in December. This rocket will have a detachable fin assembly, so that we may test the different fins with as many controlled variables as possible. Richard Nakka has said on his website that most fins will get the job done, so we are looking for the best of the best.

52


Quick Facts About Fins:

rocket speed: higher speeds mean higher airloads, and if you find the “speed of balsa” the event usually occurs quickly, dramatically, and totally

more thickness is better for stronger fins, but begins to add a little drag again, thickness would be added mostly at the root and less thickness would be added out-board

Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Fin Design: Clipped Delta Pros

the long root chord and short span of the clipped delta wing makes it structurally efficient

The high sweep angle reduces aerodynamic drag in flight

At high angles of attack, clipped delta generates more lift than standard wings Clipped Delta Cons

at low speeds a clipped delta wing requires a high angle of attack to maintain lif

large fin area causes more viscous drag

Elliptical Pros

Lowest drag for small model rockets

Lowest induced drag for large rockets and planes Elliptical Cons

The airfoil often needs change as well.

The Reynolds number is often unbalanced.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_attack

https://rocket-power3.wikispaces.com/How+to+successfully+build+a+model+rocket

53


Trapezoidal Pros

because the trailing edge is swept forward, there is less of a risk of the fins being damaged upon landing.

Good for payload rockets, due to a more aerodynamic design.

Moves the center of pressure forward.

Trapezoidal Cons

They heat up more

http://mybasicconcepts.blogspot.com/2012/10/purpose-of-fin.html

http://ftp.demec.ufpr.br/foguete/bibliografia/Apogee 16 What is the best fin shape.htm

54


Citations

"Thread: Elliptical Wings." Elliptical Wings. HDT Rocketry, 18 Jan. 2009. Web. 09 Sept. 2016.

By Signing Up, You Agree to Our Terms and That You Have Read Our Privacy Policy and Content Policy. "Why Were Delta Fin Rockets Not More Common Nowa-days?" Reddit. OverUnderrated, 31 July 2014. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

"What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Delta Wing Compared to a Swept Wing?" Aviation. Peter Kämpf, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

Van, By Tim. "What Is the Best Fin Shape?" What Is the Best Fin Shape? N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2016.

Simmons, Joseph R. "Aeroelastic Optimization of Sounding Rocket Fins." (n.d.): n. pag. Aeroelastic Optimization of Sounding Rocket Fins. Air Force, June 2009. Web. 20 Sept. 2016

"How to Successfully Build a Model Rocket." Rocket-Power3 -. Tangient LLC, 2016. Web. 29 Sept. 2016.

"Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Site." Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2016.

Chauhan, Joginder. "Purpose of a Fin." MyBasicConcepts :. N.p., 1970. Web. 29 Sept. 2016.

55

Payload Design-(continued):

Payload Integration

Describe integration plan with an understanding that the payload must be

co developed with the vehicle, be compatible with stresses placed on the vehicle and

integrate easily and simply.

The rocket payload is mounted on an assembly designed to slide in and out of the

rocket air-frame. The assembly was constructed of a fiberglass tube and consists

of two wood bulkheads at the ends, with a flat mounting surface spanning the

length between the ends. The two bulkheads were constructed such that they are

snug with the inner diameter of the airframe to prevent movement during flight, but

are still able to be removed as a single unit when disassembling the rocket.

The payload is mounted to the flat surface using shock mounts to minimize the

stresses transmitted to the payloads during lift-off and landing. All electrical

Interconnects are secured in a way to provide adequate stress relief while pr

venting any inadvertent disconnects. Multiple holes were drilled into this sec-

tion of the airframe. The holes allow changes in air pressure for the altime-

ters.

56

Payload Design-(continued):

Describe the verification plan and its status. (each requirement-describe the design feature that will satisfy it and how it is verified-by inspection, analy-sis, or test)

1. Perform analysis of altimeters and GPS using Original Equipment Manu-

facturer (OEM) provided dimensions to ensure mounting. **DONE** 2. Once the payload tray is constructed, perform a fit check to verify place ment.**DONE**

3. Verify payload is secure in the payload section of the rocket.**DONE** 4. Make sure altimeters are mounted using shock mounts to avoid stress. **DONE**

Preliminary integration plan

The preliminary integration plan of the scientific payload will consist primarily of a layout using the dimensions provided by the OEM. Once payload parts are re-ceived and the tray is constructed, a fit check will be performed to ensure the feasi-bility of the mounting design. **DONE**

57

Recovery System -

Altimeter and Backup Altimeter

The altimeters located on the rocket will be configured to be redundant to avoid a single point of failure in regards to deployment of the drogue and main parachutes. The altimeters work by sensing air pres-sure which can be converted into an altitude reading. Two Stratologger CF altimeters (one primary and one secondary) will be used to control deployment of drogue chute and main parachute. Both altime-ters will have separate power supply and black powder charges. Altitude and accelerometer data will be compared between the two different vehicle structures.

Recovery Subsystem Components Two 9V batteries Two Stratologger CF altimeters Four electric matches Four ejection charge canisters with black powder 12” Drogue Parachute 60” Main Parachute

GPS The Big Red Bee will be used to track our rocket and provide for a means of rocket recovery after flight.

Transmitting Frequency 216.025 mHz

Communication Link The transmitter will transmit to ground station. A radio telemetry transmitter and a ground receiver will also be used. Parachutes attached to 1/2 “ tubular nylon shock cord by quick links. Quick links are then at-tached to 1/4” eyebolts that are glued into the inch thick bulkheads.

58

Recovery System - (continued):

59

Outreach

The KSAT students will be involved in many activities within the community. A letter requesting monetary/material support will be solicited from targeted companies in the San Antonio area. The students will follow-up with calls to the targeted business-es and universities asking for their support. Utilization of numerous “aerospace” vendors throughout the year for our equipment and supplies allow us get the best product at the best price possible. Purchasing in bulk typically gives us a reasonable discount. Calling vendors and explaining our program has been successful, as well. We are going to numerous schools within our district. For elementary and middle schools, we help out with their science day/night and summer camps. This year, the team has already been asked to present again (November 1st and 2nd) at the CORE4 Convention promoting STEM education and careers. They will teach an aer-ospace lesson to over 300 middle school and high school students from all over the city. With high school, we are inviting students to come back and volunteer to help mentor others or help out at rocket launches. We also promote that they continue competing in TARC. The students will participate in numerous Science Day activities. There are almost fifty elementary schools in the district. Students will email all the schools inquiring about traditional science days. Varied activities will be planned that are age appropri-ate for any grade level. The students will be accompanied by mentor teachers for these events. They will give a short lesson on Newton’s laws and model a hands-on activity. This activity will be a “make and take” activity. These sessions will last ap-proximately 45 minutes. They will have three to four sessions per day. Once the team finishes each outreach activity, they will reflect on the days learning event and determine: 1. How your student audience perceived the activity through an informal survey. 2. How the lesson effected student understanding and interest. 3. How to improve the lesson for the next time.

60

Outreach — (continued):

To Prospective Supporter, Krueger School of Applied Technologies (KSAT) is an applied technology magnet program with an

Aerospace and technology theme. We are hosted at Krueger Middle School, North East ISD, in San An-

tonio, Texas and this is our 18th year of operation. Our students compete in the Team America Rocketry

Challenge, a national rocketry competition. In the last four years, we have placed four times in the top

ten in the nation from a field of over 7,000 students! We have sent teams to the national level eight

times! Due to our outstanding performances we were offered an opportunity to participate in the NASA

Student Launch Initiative project seven times. It is our goal to get that offer again! In the SLI program,

the students are asked to design and build a retrievable rocket that will carry a science payload one mile

high. During these years, the students conducted experiments dealing with ozone sensing, validating the

curvature of the earth, testing the G-force of a launch vehicle, using transitions in airframe to move more

for less, using pressure sensors to find the least stressed part of the rocket for payload placement, creat-

ing a safe package for fragile payloads and using turbines to collect wind energy. These projects involve

concepts well above the 8th grade curriculum.

We integrate rocket building into our program, which is a highlight for the KSAT students. Not only are

they learning to use tools through engineering design and the scientific method but applying it to their

final product, which is a rocket. They use a computer simulation program to build the rocket to the spe-

cific criteria every year. The students learn how to manipulate, perfect and evaluate these rockets to

compete in Team America. Students' core courses are designed with rigor to prepare them for advanced

high school studies that in turn will enable them to expand their college admission opportunities.

This year we have over one hundred 8th grade students that are participating in the Team America Rock-

etry Challenge (TARC). The challenge this year is to fly an egg 775 feet into the air and return it safely

to the ground in 41-43 seconds. After two fly-offs, we will select our best 3 teams to go to the next

round of qualifying. If we are fortunate enough to qualify as one of the top 100 teams across the nation,

we will have the opportunity to compete on a national level in The Plains, Virginia May 13th, 2017.

For NASA SLI/KSAT this year, the students have been researching fin shape vs. altitude and the effects

of flight on spore growth. They are very enthusiastic about the competition. The NASA SLI/KSAT

project will need your help in getting them to their final flight. We are requesting a letter of intent with a

monetary commitment to support in helping us send our KSAT Rocketry team (8 students and 3 teach-

ers/admin) to Huntsville, Alabama on April 5th - 10th and to TARC (should we qualify) in The Plains,

Virginia on May 13th, 2016. These funds will be used for hotel and airfare. In return, your company’s

logo will be represented on our rocket and/or shirt, if desired.

Thank you in advance for supporting our future engineers and scientists in this great challenge. Should

you have any questions please contact Mrs. Thomas.

Sincerely,

Stephen Watson Tracy L. Thomas

[email protected] [email protected]

Director, Magnet School Programs High-Powered Rocketry Teacher

(210-823-2868)



61

TASK SEPTEM-BER

OCTO-BER

NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL

KSAT SLI TEAM

Proposal Prepara-tion-Due 9-30

Organize team and determine assign-ments

SLI daily meetings

Schools notified of selection-10-12

Website develop-ment-Due 10-31

Rocket Design and engine selection

Design recovery subsystem

Design payload subsystem

Preliminary De-sign Review-Due 10-31

Build and Fly Scale Model

Build Rocket

SLI PDR Team videoconfer-ence Nov 2-18

Testing-Recovery Subsystem and Payload Subsystem

Finalize motor selection

Critical Design Review-Due 1-13

SLI CDR Team teleconfer-ence Jan. 17-31

Practice Flight of Full Scale-before March 6th

Flight Readiness Review-Due 3-6

SLI FRR March 8-24

Travel to Huntsville-April 5th

Flight/Hardware and Safety Checks- 4-5th and 6th

Launch Day-4-8

Post Launch As-sessment Review-Due 4-24

62

Project Plan—TESTING

We have received all our parts, built our full scale rocket, and flown it twice for practice. Our scale model results provided data for our fin selection- the clipped delta.

63

Project Plan—REQUIREMENTS COMPLIANCE

Requirement Compliance Plan - Experiment on Fins

-- need fins that allow acceleration in excess of about +8G as the expecta-

tion is that would be, most likely the maximum acceleration the spores

would experience in a manned space launch.

-- the attachment method of the fins to the rocket is constant

--need to evaluate the effect of the attachment method on the overall mass

of the rocket.

--The scale flight made the final decision.

64

Project Plan—REQUIREMENTS COMPLIANCE

Requirement Compliance Plan - Experiment on Spores

Safety-- the spores must remain contained within the rocket so that foreign spe-

cies are not introduced into an environment where they may not have existed in

the past.

--Major failure modes are…

1) the rocket comes apart during flight

2) failure of deployment systems.

In either event, the spore section of the rocket should remain relatively undam-

aged because their are no stress points on it from within the rocket and the pay-

load is well protected and isolated.

-- We will set one altimeter to deploy one second after apogee and one to deploy

at apogee, giving a safe separation of deployment charge activation so that the

rocket will not experience a massive over pressurization upon apogee deploy-

Requirement Compliance Plan - Overall Payload

We do not have to reach 5000 ft for the mission payload to be a successful

experiment. We need to reach the +8G acceleration and successfully re-

cover the payload. The spore section will remain sealed until we arrive

back in San Antonio at which time we will attempt to grow the spores that

have flown and the ones that have not. Absolute complete success for the

mission must include reaching the target altitude.

65

Project Plan—Budget

Part Name Unit Price Quantity Total Price

Nose Cone (NC-4” Ogive) 21.95 2 43.90

Body Tube (BT-4”)48” long 97.28 4 389.12

Bulkhead Aircraft plywood 7.25 3 21.75

Parachute (LP-98) 79.00 1 79.00

Parachute (LP-12) 11.50 1 11.50

Coupler (for BT 4”) 8” long 20.40 3 61.20

Shock Cord (25 ft. - Kevlar 70 lb.) 17.50 2 35.00

Motor Tube (MMT– 54mm) 10.45 2 20.90

Motor Mount Ring ¼ Aircraft Ply-wood

7.00 3

21.00

Eye bolt (HDWE-EYE-1/8) .95 2 1.90

Custom Fins Aircraft1/8 “Plywood (Birch)

18.00 1 sheet 18.00

5 min. Epoxy 11.99 2 sets 23.98

Nomex parachute Protector 7.98 2 sheets 15.96

Rail Buttons 1.33 2 2.66

Aerotech K695 motor 115.04 1 115.04

Epoxy and Hardener 132.95 1 132.95

Fiberglass Cloth Medium 23.50 1 23.50

RMS 54/1706 175.00 1 175.00

Black Powder Charge Canisters 2.75 4 11.00

= PARTS WE ALREADY-HAVE

Total: $543.91

Rocket Parts and Supplies

66

Project Plan—Budget - (continued):

Payload Parts and Supplies


Nose Cone 3.0” 13.74 2 27.48

Body Tube 3.0” mm (fiberglass) 31.05 2 62.10

Motor Tube 29mm 3.45 2 6.90

Centering Rings 2.28 6 13.68

Fins (1/8) 6.95 1 sheet 6.95

Shock Chord 2.57 14 yards 35.98

Parachute (15” Nylon) 12.59 2 25.18

Cyanoacrylate glue 4.95 1 4.95

5 minute Epoxy 11.99 2 23.98

Perfectflite Altimeter Stratologger 90.55 1 90.55

Total: $82.73

Scale Model Rocket Parts and Supplies


Packaging + agar plates estimated 4 donated

Perfect flite Stratalogger $67.00 2 $134.00

1/4 Aircraft Plywood 15.00 1 sheet 15.00

All thread rods ¼” 1.57 1 Pack 1.57

Wing Nuts ¼” .98 1 Pack .98

1/4” Nuts .98 1 Pack .98

¼” Washers .98 1 Pack .98

Big Red Bee GPS 200.00 1 200.00

Through Mount Slotted Switch 5.00 2 10.00

9 volt batteries 6.00 4 pack 6.00

Total $15.00

67

Project Plan—Budget - (continued):

Quantity Unit Price Total

Airline Expenses 11 $ 510.00 per person $ 5,610

Hotel Expenses 5 nights (5 rooms) $ 149.00 a night $ 3,725

Total: $ 9,335

Huntsville, Alabama Travel for SLI

The overall budget expense for rocket, scientific payload, and Huntsville trip is roughly $10,000.

In conclusion, we had a successful scale launch. We had a success-ful full scale launch. We have booked our hotel. We have booked our airfare. We are still collecting donations. We are on track with our timeline and do not anticipate any problems. We look forward to our trip to Huntsville!

68

Project Plan — Curriculum / National Educational Standards

As the Student Launch (SL) Team develops the plans for their rocket and science payload they will be introduced or will have the opportunity to apply certain science, social studies, math, technology and language arts educational standards. The following lists of national and state standards apply to the SL experience. National Standards: Language Arts: 3. Evaluation Strategies 12. Applying Language Skills Math: 3. Geometry Standards: · Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems. 5. Data Analysis and Probability Standards: · Develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data. 10. Representation Standard: · Use representations to model and interpret physical, social and Mathematical phenomena. Science: Physical Science: · Structures and properties of matter · Chemical reactions · Motions and forces · Conservation of energy and increase in disorder · Interactions of energy and matter Science and Technology: · Abilities of technological design · Understandings about science and technology Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: · Science and technology in local, national, and global challenges History and Nature of Science: · Nature of scientific knowledge Unifying Concepts and Processes: · Systems, order and organization Social Studies: 8. Science, Technology, and Society Technology: 8. Understanding of the attributes of design. 9. Understanding of engineering design. 10. Understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

69

Project Plan Project Plan — Curriculum / National Educational Standards — (continued)

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS): Math: (8.7) Geometry and spatial reasoning. The student uses geometry to model and describe the physical world. (B) use geometric concepts and properties to solve problems in fields such as art and architecture; (8.8) Measurement. The student uses procedures to determine measures of three-dimensional figures. (A) find lateral and total surface area of prisms, pyramids, and cylinders using concrete models and nets (two-dimensional models); (C) estimate measurements and use formulas to solve application problems involving lateral and total surface area and volume. (8.11) Probability and statistics. The student applies concepts of theoretical and experimental probability to make predictions. (B) use theoretical probabilities and experimental results to make predictions and decisions; and (C) select and use different models to simulate an event. (8.13) Probability and statistics. The student evaluates predictions and conclusions based on statistical data. (8.14) Underlying processes and mathematical tools. The student applies Grade 8 mathemat-ics to solve problems connected to everyday experiences, investigations in other disciplines, and activities in and outside of school. (A) identify and apply mathematics to everyday experiences, to activities in and outside of school, with other disciplines, and with other mathematical topics; (B) use a problem-solving model that incorporates understanding the problem, making a plan, carry-ing out the plan, and evaluating the solution for reasonableness; (C) select or develop an appropriate problem-solving strategy from a variety of different types, includ-ing drawing a picture, looking for a pattern, systematic guessing and checking, acting it out, making a table, working a simpler problem, or working backwards to solve a problem; and (8.15) Underlying processes and mathematical tools. The student communicates about Grade 8 mathematics through informal and mathematical language, representations, and models. (A) communicate mathematical ideas using language, efficient tools, appropriate units, and graphical, numerical, physical, or algebraic mathematical models; and (B) evaluate the effectiveness of different representations to communicate ideas. (8.16) Underlying processes and mathematical tools. The student uses logical reasoning to make conjectures and verify conclusions. (B) validate his/her conclusions using mathematical properties and relationships.

70

Technical Design Project Plan — Curriculum / National Educational Standards - (continued)

Science: Physical Science: Structures and properties of matter 8th grade TAKS Objective 3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structures and properties of matter. (8.8) The student knows that matter is composed of atoms. The student is expected to: (A) Describe the structure and parts of an atom; and (B) Identify the properties of an atom including mass and electrical charge. 8.9D Identify that physical and chemical properties influence the development and application of everyday materials such as cooking surfaces, insulation, adhesives, and plastics. Chemical reactions (8.9) The student knows that substances have chemical and physical properties. The student is expected to: (A) Demonstrate that substances may react chemically to form new substances; (B) Interpret information on the periodic table to understand that physical properties are used to group elements; Motions and forces (8.7) The student knows that there is a relationship between force and motion. The student is expected to: (A). Demonstrate how unbalanced forces cause changes in the speed or direction of an object's mo-tion; (8.7) The student knows that there is a relationship between force and motion. The student is expected to: (B). Recognize that waves are generated and can travel through different media. Conservation of energy and increase in disorder 8.10C Identify and demonstrate that loss or gain of heat energy occurs during exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions. Interactions of energy and matter 8.10C Identify and demonstrate that loss or gain of heat energy occurs during exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions.

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Technical Design

Science and Technology: Abilities of technological design Understandings about science and technology IPC3E Research and describe the history of physics, chemistry, and contributions of scientists Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: 8.13C. Research and describe historical scientific theories of the origin of the universe. Science and technology in local, national, and global challenges (8.12) The student is expected to: Predict the results of modifying the Earth's nitrogen, water, and carbon cycles (8.14) The student knows that natural events and human activities can alter Earth systems. The student is expected to: (C). Describe how human activities have modified soil, water, and air quality

History and Nature of Science: Nature of scientific knowledge Unifying Concepts and Processes: Systems, order and organization (8.1) The student conducts field and laboratory investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices. The student is expected to: (A). Demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations; and (B). Make wise choices in the use and conservation of resources and the disposal or recycling of ma-terials. (8.2) The student uses scientific inquiry methods during field and laboratory investigations. The student is expected to: (A). Plan and implement investigative procedures including asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting and using equipment and technology; (B). Collect data by observing and measuring; (C). Organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from direct and indirect evi-dence; (D). Communicate valid conclusions; and (E). Construct graphs, tables, maps, and charts using tools including computers to organize, examine, and evaluate data. (8.3) The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed deci-sions. The student is expected to: (A). Analyze, review, and critique scientific explanations, including hypotheses and theories, as to their strengths and weaknesses using scientific evidence and information; (B). Draw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and services; (C). Represent the natural world using models and identify their limitations; (D). Evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and the environment; and (E). Connect Grade 8 science concepts with the history of science and technology

Project Plan — Curriculum / National Educational Standards - (continued)

72

Technical Design

Technology: 123.2 (4) The student describes emerging and innovative manufacturing, construction, communica-tion, energy, power, transportation, and bio-related technologies. The student is expected to: (A) prepare reports on emerging and innovative technologies; and (B) create a display that presents information on emerging and innovative technologies. (3) The student designs energy, power, and transportation products or services using appropriate de-sign processes and techniques. The student is expected to: 123.15c, 3 (A) develop or improve energy, power, and transportation products or services that meet a specified need; and (B) identify areas where quality, reliability, and safety can be designed into a product, service, or sys-tem 123.15, (13) The student solves problems, thinks critically, and makes decisions related to energy, power, and transportation technology. The student is expected to: (A) develop or improve an energy, power, and transportation product or service by following a problem-solving strategy; (B) apply critical-thinking strategies to the analysis and evaluation of proposed technological solutions; and (C) apply decision-making techniques to the selection of technological solutions.

English: (15) Writing/purposes. The student writes for a variety of audiences and purposes and in a va-riety of forms. The student is expected to: (A) write to express, discover, record, develop, reflect on ideas, and to problem solve (4-8); (B) write to influence such as to persuade, argue, and request (4-8); (C) write to inform such as to explain, describe, report, and narrate (4-8); (17) Writing/grammar/usage. The student applies standard grammar and usage to communi-cate clearly and effectively in writing. The student is expected to: (A) write in complete sentences, varying the types such as compound and complex sentences, and use appropriately punctuated independent and dependent clauses (7-8); (B) use conjunctions to connect ideas meaningfully (4-8); (C) employ standard English usage in writing for audiences, including subject-verb agreement, pro-noun referents, and parts of speech (4-8); (D) use adjectives (comparatives and superlative forms) and adverbs appropriately to make writing vivid or precise (4-8); (E) use prepositional phrases to elaborate written ideas (4-8); (F) use verb tenses appropriately and consistently such as present, past, future, perfect, and progres-sive (6-8); (G) write with increasing accuracy when using apostrophes in contractions such as doesn't and pos-sessives such as Texas's (4-8); and (H) write with increasing accuracy when using pronoun case such as "She stepped between them and us." (6-8).

Project Plan — Curriculum / National Educational Standards - (continued)

73

Technical Design Project Plan — Curriculum / National Educational Standards — (continued)

Social Studies: 8.28 (A). Explain the effects of the technological and scientific innovation 8.30 (B) Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations (and predictions) and drawing inferences; 8.30 (C). (organize) and interpret information from (outlines, reports, database, and ) visuals including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps; 8.31 (C). transfers information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate.

74

Project Plan — Our Program

Plan for Sustainability of the Rocket Program Providing and Maintaining established Partnerships It is the goal of the KSAT Rocket Program to maintain local relationships with companies who have previously provided support. Support was provided by: Alamo Area Council of Governments● Apogee Components●Balsa Machining ●Eco Sensors●Home Depot ●Sam Isaac’s Ranch●National Association of Rocketry ●National Weather Forecasting Office in New Braunfels, TX●Southwest Re-

search Institute●Pratt Hobbies •Giant Leap Regularly Engaging Successive Classes KSAT students start by taking an introductory rocketry class in 6th grade. In 7th grade they start to focus on aviation and building rockets from scratch. In 8th grade, students take Concepts of Engineering and Technology for a high school credit. High powered rocketry is taught through this class. During the course of the year the stu dents will be expected to complete a project similar to the SLI design, as well as part icipating in the Team America Rocketry Challenge. Every year in 7th grade, stu dents will submit proposals to be in the 8th grade advanced concepts of engineering class. Whenever eligible, a group of our 8th grade students will submit an SLI pro posal. Recruitment of Students 8th grade students who show exceptional behavior and talent will be asked to participate in SLI each year that KSAT is eligible. The students and their parents will be invited to attend an organizational meeting which will outline the expectations of the participants who are chosen to become a member of the KSAT-SLI Team. They write practice proposals their 7th grade year and submit them to the SLI teacher and Director. Those who accept will sign an agreement form that demonstrates their commitment to the project.

Funding Sustainability KSAT will continue to provide funds each year the school participates in SLI. The students and mentors will continue to seek donations and participate in fundraisers. Community Outreach Each year, KSAT students travel to elementary and/or middle schools throughout the district. They participate in each of the elementary school’s Science Day or Math and Science Night by teaching the fundamentals of rocketry through a series of hands-on activities. They also present at STEM and Green Energy local Confer ences.

75

Krueger Middle School KSAT students will build a reusable rocket that will be ready for flight in March 2017.

A scale model of the rocket with a payload prototype will be flown before the Critical

Design Review (CDR). The students will provide a report of the flight results at the CDR.

All reports, PDF slideshows, and Milestone Flysheets will be submitted to NASA via

email on the required due dates (9-30, 10-31, 1-13,3-6, 4-24). They will also be placed on the team website.

The team will have a web presence no later than 10-31 and the site will be maintained and updated throughout the duration of the project. The students will also provide a detailed electronic Educational Engagement form

pertaining to the outreach activities prior to the FRR and no later than two weeks after the event.

The team will participate in PDR, CDR, FRR, LRR, and PLAR. • PDR, CDR,FRR, and LRR presentations will be presented to NASA at a time and/

or location to be determined by NASA MSFC Academic Affairs Office.

Deliverables

76

Appendix—MSDS Appendix—MSDS Krueger Middle School

77

Appendix—MSDS Appendix—MSDS Krueger Middle School

78

Appendix—MSDS Krueger Middle School

79


80


81


82

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

West System Inc. MSDS #105-05b Last Revised: 13OCT05

1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME:............................. WEST SYSTEM® 105™ Epoxy Resin.

PRODUCT CODE:.............................. 105

CHEMICAL FAMILY: ...................... Epoxy Resin.

CHEMICAL NAME: .......................... Bisphenol A based epoxy resin.

FORMULA: ......................................... Not applicable.

MANUFACTURER: EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS:

West System Inc. Transportation

102 Patterson Ave. CHEMTREC: ............800-424-9300 (U.S.)

Bay City, MI 48706, U.S.A. 703-527-3887 (International)

Phone: 866-937-8797 or 989-684-7286 Non-transportation

www.westsystem.com Poison Hotline: ..........800-222-1222

2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS

INGREDIENT NAME CAS # CONCENTRATION

Bisphenol-A type epoxy resin 25085-99-8 > 50%

Benzyl alcohol 100-51-6 < 20%

Bisphenol-F type epoxy resin 28064-14-4 < 20%

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 111-76-2 < 0.3%

3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

HMIS Hazard Rating: Health - 2 Flammability - 1 Reactivity - 0

WARNING! May cause allergic skin response in certain individuals. May cause moderate irritation to the skin. Light

yellow liquid with mild odor.

PRIMARY ROUTE(S) OF ENTRY: ..............................Skin contact.

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS:

ACUTE INHALATION:..................................................Not likely to cause acute effects unless heated to high

temperatures. If product is heated, vapors generated can cause headache, nausea, dizziness and possible respiratory

irritation if inhaled in high concentrations.

CHRONIC INHALATION: ............................................Not likely to cause chronic effects. Repeated exposure to high

vapor concentrations may cause irritation of pre-existing lung allergies and increase the chance of developing allergy

symptoms to this product.

ACUTE SKIN CONTACT: .............................................May cause allergic skin response in cer tain individuals. May

cause moderate irritation to the skin such as redness and itching.

CHRONIC SKIN CONTACT:........................................May cause sensitization in susceptible individuals. May cause

moderate irritation to the skin.

West System Inc. Page 2 of 5 WEST SYSTEM® 105™ Resin

MSDS #105-05b Last Revised: 13OCT05

EYE CONTACT:..............................................................May cause ir r itation.

INGESTION: ....................................................................Low acute oral toxicity.

SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE: ...........................Possible sensitization and subsequent allergic reactions

usually seen as redness and rashes. Repeated exposure is not likely to cause other adverse health effects.

MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE:

Pre-existing skin and respiratory disorders may be aggravated by exposure to this product. Pre-existing lung and skin

allergies may increase the chance of developing allergic symptoms to this product.

4. FIRST AID MEASURES:

FIRST AID FOR EYES ...................................................Flush immediately with water for at least 15 minutes. Consult

a physician.

FIRST AID FOR SKIN....................................................Remove contaminated clothing. Wipe excess from skin.

Remove with waterless skin cleaner and then wash with soap and water. Consult a physician if effects occur.

FIRST AID FOR INHALATION....................................Remove to fresh air if effects occur .

FIRST AID FOR INGESTION.......................................No adver se health effects expected from amounts ingested

under normal conditions of use. Seek medical attention if a significant amount is ingested.

5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES:

FLASH POINT:................................................................>200°F (Tag Closed Cup)

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: ...........................................Foam, carbon dioxide (CO2), dry chemical.

SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES:

Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and complete full-body personal protective equipment. Closed containers

may rupture (due to buildup of pressure) when exposed to extreme heat.


83

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES:

SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES Soak up in absorbent mater ial or scrape up. Residual can be removed with nonflam-

mable

solvent, but solvent should be used sparingly and with appropriate precautions.

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE:

STORAGE TEMPERATURE (min./max.):...................40°F (4°C) / 120°F (49°C)

STORAGE: .......................................................................Store in cool, dry place. Store in tightly sealed containers to

prevent moisture absorption and loss of volatiles. Excessive heat over long periods of time will degrade the resin.

HANDLING PRECAUTIONS:.......................................Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact. Wash thoroughly

after handling. Launder contaminated clothing before reuse. Avoid inhalation of vapors from heated product.

Precautionary steps should be taken when curing product in large quantities. When mixed with epoxy curing agents this

product causes an exothermic, which in large masses, can produce enough heat to damage or ignite surrounding

materials and emit fumes and vapors that vary widely in composition and toxicity.

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION:

EYE PROTECTION GUIDELINES:.............................Safety glasses with side shields or chemical splash goggles.



SKIN PROTECTION GUIDELINES: ...........................Wear liquid-proof, chemical resistant gloves (nitrile-butyl

rubber, neoprene, butyl rubber or natural rubber) and full body-covering clothing.

RESPIRATORY/VENTILATION GUIDELINES:

Good room ventilation is usually adequate for most operations. Wear a NIOSH/MSHA approved respirator with an

organic vapor cartridge whenever exposure to vapor in concentrations above applicable limits is likely.

ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES:...............Practice good caution and personal cleanliness to avoid skin

and eye contact. Avoid skin contact when removing gloves and other protective equipment. Wash thoroughly after

handling.

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS: ....................Not established for product as whole. Refer to OSHA’s

Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) or the ACGIH Guidelines for information on specific ingredients.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

PHYSICAL FORM:......................................................... Liquid.

COLOR: ............................................................................Clear to pale yellow.

ODOR:...............................................................................Mild.

BOILING POINT:............................................................> 400°F.

MELTING POINT/FREEZE POINT: ...........................No data.

VISCOSITY: ..................................................................... 1,000 cPs.

pH: .....................................................................................No data.

SOLUBILITY IN WATER:.............................................Slight.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY: ....................................................1.15

BULK DENSITY:.............................................................9.6 pounds/gallon.

VAPOR PRESSURE:.......................................................< 1 mmHg @ 20°C.

VAPOR DENSITY:..........................................................Heavier than air .

% VOLATILE BY WEIGHT: ........................................EPA Method 24, as descr ibed in 40 CFR Par t 60, was used to

determine the Volatile Matter Content of mixed epoxy resin and hardener. This method states that two-component

coating systems should be tested by mixing the individual components together at the proper ratio. Refer to the

hardener's MSDS for information about the total volatile content of the resin/hardener system.

10. REACTIVITY:

STABILITY:.....................................................................Stable.

HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION:...........................Will not occur by itself, but a mass of more than one pound of

product plus an aliphatic amine will cause irreversible polymerization with significant heat buildup.

INCOMPATIBILITIES:..................................................Strong acids, bases, amines and mercaptans can cause

polymerization.

DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: .................................Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide fumes may be produced

when heated to decomposition.

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION:

No specific oral, inhalation or dermal toxicology data is known for this product. Specific toxicology

information for a bisphenol-A based epoxy resin present in this product is indicated below:

Oral:....................................................... LD50 >5000 mg/kg (rats)

Inhalation:.............................................. No Data.

Dermal: .................................................. LD50 = 20,000 mg/kg (skin absorption in rabbits)



TERATOLOGY: ...................................………………Diglycidyl ether bisphenol-A (DGEBPA) did not cause birth

defects or other adverse effects on the fetus when pregnant rabbits were exposed by skin contact, the most likely route of

exposure, or when pregnant rats or rabbits were exposed orally.


84

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (present at < 0.3 %) causes harm to the fetus in laboratory animal studies. Harm to the

fetus occurs at exposure levels that harm the pregnant animal. The relevance of these findings to humans is uncertain.

REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS: ..............……………….DGEBPA, in animal studies, has been shown not to interfere

with reproduction.

MUTAGENICITY: ...............................……………….. DGEBPA in animal mutagenicity studies were negative. In

vitro mutagenicity tests were negative in some cases and positive in others.

CARCINOGENICITY:

NTP .............................................................................Product not listed.

IARC ...........................................................................Product not listed.

OSHA..........................................................................Product not listed.

Many studies have been conducted to assess the potential carcinogenicity of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A.

Although some weak evidence of carcinogenicity has been reported in animals, when all of the data are considered,

the weight of evidence does not show that DGEBPA is carcinogenic. Indeed, the most recent review of the available

data by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has concluded that DGEBPA is not classified as a

carcinogen.

Epichlorohydrin, an impurity in this product (<5 ppm) has been reported to produce cancer in laboratory animals

and to produce mutagenic changes in bacteria and cultured human cells. It has been established by the International

Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) based on the following

conclusions: human evidence – inadequate; animal evidence – sufficient. It has been classified as an anticipated

human carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program (NTP).

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION:

Prevent entry into sewers and natural waters. May cause localized fish kill.

Movement and Partitioning:

Bioconcentration potential is moderate (BCF between 100 and 3000 or Log Kow between 3 and 5).

Degradation and Transformation:

Theoretical oxygen demand is calculated to be 2.35 p/p. 20-day biochemical oxygen demand is <2.5%.

Ecotoxicology:

Material is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms on an acute basis. LC50/EC50 between 1 and 10 mg/L

in most sensitive species.

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS:

WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD: ....................................Evaluation of this product using RCRA cr iter ia shows that it is

not a hazardous waste, either by listing or characteristics, in its purchased form. It is the responsibility of the user to

determine proper disposal methods.

Incinerate, recycle (fuel blending) or reclaim may be preferred methods when conducted in accordance with federal, state

and local regulations.

14. TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION:

D.O.T. SHIPPING NAME:..............................................Not regulated by DOT.

TECHNICAL SHIPPING NAME: .................................Not applicable.



D.O.T. HAZARD CLASS: ...............................................Not applicable.

U.N./N.A. NUMBER: .......................................................Not applicable.

PACKING GROUP:.........................................................Not applicable.

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION:

OSHA STATUS:...............................................................Slight ir r itant; possible sensitizer .

TSCA STATUS:................................................................All components are listed on TSCA inventory.

SARA TITLE III:

SECTION 313 TOXIC CHEMICALS.....................None (deminimus).

STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION:

The following chemicals are specifically listed or otherwise regulated by individual states. For details on your regulatory

requirements you should contact the appropriate agency in your state.

COMPONENT NAME

/CAS NUMBER CONCENTRATION STATE CODE

Epichlorohydrin

106-89-8 < 5ppm 1CA

Phenyl glycidyl ether

122-60-1 <5ppm 1CA

Ethylene Oxide

75-21-8 <0.0019% 1CA

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether

111-76-2 < 0.3% NJ, PA

1. These substances are known to the state of California to cause cancer or reproductive harm, or both.


85

16. OTHER INFORMATION:

REASON FOR ISSUE: ....................................................Additional infor mation in Section 15.

PREPARED BY: ..............................................................T. J . Atkinson

APPROVED BY:..............................................................G. M. House

TITLE: ..............................................................................Health, Safety & Environmental Manager

APPROVAL DATE:.........................................................October 13, 2005

SUPERSEDES DATE:.....................................................J anuary 3 , 2005

MSDS NUMBER:.............................................................105-05b

Note: The Hazardous Material Indexing System (HMIS), cited in the Emergency Overview of Section 3, uses the following

index to assess hazard rating: 0 = Minimal; 1 = Slight: 2 = Moderate; 3 = Serious; and 4 = Severe.

This information is furnished without warranty, expressed or implied, except that it is accurate to the best knowledge of West

System Inc. The data on this sheet is related only to the specific material designated herein. West System Inc. assumes no

legal responsibility for use or reliance upon these data.


86

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

West System Inc. MSDS #205-05a Last Revised: 03JAN05

1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME: ....................... WEST SYSTEM® 205™ Fast Hardener.

PRODUCT CODE:........................ 205

CHEMICAL FAMILY:................. Amine.

CHEMICAL NAME:..................... Modified aliphatic polyamine.

FORMULA:.................................... Not applicable.

MANUFACTURER: EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS:

West System Inc. Transportation

102 Patterson Ave. CHEMTREC: .........800-424-9300 (U.S.)

Bay City, MI 48706, U.S.A. 703-527-3887 (International)

Phone: 866-937-8797 or 989-684-7286 Non-transportation

www.westsystem.com Poison Hotline: .......800-222-1222

2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS

INGREDIENT NAME CAS # CONCENTRATION

Polyethylenepolyamine 29320-38-5 < 25%

Reaction products of TETA with Phenol/Formaldehyde 32610-77-8 < 25%

Triethylenetetramine (TETA) 112-24-3 < 15%

Hydroxybenzene 108-95-2 < 12%

Reaction Products of TETA and propylene oxide 26950-63-0 < 12%

Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) 112-57-2 < 12%

3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

HMIS Hazard Rating: Health - 3 Flammability - 1 Reactivity - 0

DANGER! Corrosive. Skin sensitizer. Moderate to severe skin, eye and respiratory tract irritant. May cause

allergic reactions. Amber colored liquid with ammonia odor.

PRIMARY ROUTE(S) OF ENTRY: ..................... Skin contact, eye contact, inhalation.

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS:

ACUTE INHALATION: ......................................... May cause respiratory tract ir r itation. Coughing and

chest pain may result.

CHRONIC INHALATION:.................................... May cause respiratory tract ir r itation, coughing, sore

throat, shortness of breath or chest pain.

West System Inc. Page 2 of 6 WEST SYSTEM® 205™ Hardener

MSDS #205-05a Last Revised: 03JAN05

ACUTE SKIN CONTACT:..................................... May cause strong ir r itation, redness. Possible mild

corrosion.

CHRONIC SKIN CONTACT: ............................... Prolonged or repeated contact may cause an allergic

reaction and possible sensitization in susceptible individuals. May be absorbed in harmful amounts.

EYE CONTACT:..................................................... Moderate to severe ir r itation with possible tissue

damage. Concentrated vapors can be absorbed in eye tissue and cause eye injury. Contact causes discomfort

and possible corneal injury or conjunctivitis.

INGESTION:............................................................ Single dose oral toxicity is moderate. May cause

gastrointestinal tract irritation and pain.

SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE: .................. Respiratory tract ir r itation. Skin ir r itation and r edness.

Possible allergic reaction seen as hives and rash. Eye irritation. Possible liver and kidney disorders upon long

term skin absorption overexposures.

MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE:

Chronic respiratory disease, asthma. Eye disease. Skin disorders and allergies.

4. FIRST AID MEASURES:

FIRST AID FOR EYES: ......................................... Immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes.

Get prompt medical attention.

FIRST AID FOR SKIN:.......................................... Remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash skin

with soap and water. Do not apply greases or ointments. Get medical attention if severe exposure.

FIRST AID FOR INHALATION:.......................... Move to fresh air and consult physician if effects occur .

FIRST AID FOR INGESTION: ............................. Give conscious person at least 2 glasses of water . Do

not induce vomiting. If vomiting should occur spontaneously, keep airway clear. Get medical attention.

5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES:

FLASH POINT: ....................................................... >270°F (PMCC)

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: .................................. Water fog, alcohol foam, carbon dioxide (CO2), dry chemical.


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FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: .................. Burning will generate toxic fumes. When mixed with

sawdust, wood chips, or other cellulosic material, spontaneous combustion can occur under certain

conditions. If hardener is spilled into or mixed with sawdust, heat is generated as the air oxidizes the amine.

If the heat is not dissipated quickly enough, it can ignite the sawdust.

SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES:..... Use full-body protective gear and a self-contained

breathing apparatus. If spill has ignited, use water spray to disperse vapors and protect personnel attempting

to stop leak. Use water to cool fire-exposed containers.

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES:



SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES:....................... Stop leak without additional r isk. Wear proper personal

protective equipment. Dike and contain spill. Ventilate area. Large spill - dike and pump into appropriate

container for recovery. Small spill - dilute with water and recover or use inert, non-combustible absorbent

material (e.g., sand) and shovel into suitable container. Do not use sawdust, wood chips or other cellulosic

materials to absorb the spill, as the possibility for spontaneous combustion exists. Wash spill residue with

warm, soapy water if necessary.

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE:

STORAGE TEMPERATURE (min./max.):.......... 40°F (4°C) / 90°F (32°C).

STORAGE:............................................................... Store in cool, dry place away from high temperatures

and moisture. Keep container tightly closed.

HANDLING PRECAUTIONS: .............................. Use with adequate ventilation. Do not breath vapors or

mists from heated material. Avoid exposure to concentrated vapors. Avoid skin contact. Wash thoroughly

after handling. When mixed with epoxy resin this product causes an exothermic reaction, which in large

masses, can produce enough heat to damage or ignite surrounding materials and emit fumes and vapors that

vary widely in composition and toxicity.

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION:

EYE PROTECTION GUIDELINES: .................... Chemical splash-proof goggles or face shield.

SKIN PROTECTION GUIDELINES:................... Wear liquid-proof, chemical resistant gloves (nitrilebutyl

rubber, neoprene, butyl rubber or natural rubber) and full body-covering clothing.

RESPIRATORY/VENTILATION GUIDELINES:

Use with adequate general and local exhaust ventilation to meet exposure limits. In poorly ventilated areas,

use a NIOSH/MSHA approved respirator with an organic vapor cartridge.

ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES:

Use where there is immediate access to safety shower and emergency eye wash. Wash thoroughly after use.

Contact lens should not be worn when working with this material.

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS: ........... Not established for product as whole. Refer to OSHA’s

Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) or the ACGIH Guidelines for information on specific ingredients.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

PHYSICAL FORM.................................................. Liquid.

COLOR..................................................................... Amber .

ODOR........................................................................ Ammonia-like.

BOILING POINT .................................................... > 440°F.

MELTING POINT/FREEZE POINT.................... Approximately 23°F.

pH.............................................................................. Alkaline.

SOLUBILITY IN WATER ..................................... Appreciable.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY............................................. 1.05

BULK DENSITY ..................................................... 8.85 pounds/gallon.



VAPOR PRESSURE................................................ < 1 mmHg @ 20°C.

VAPOR DENSITY................................................... Heavier than air .

VISCOSITY.............................................................. 1,000 cPs

% VOLATILE BY WEIGHT................................. EPA Method 24, as descr ibed in 40 CFR Par t 60, was

used to determine the Volatile Matter Content of mixed epoxy resin and hardener. This method states that

two-component coating systems should be tested by determining weight loss after mixing the individual

components together at the proper ratio, dissolving them in an appropriate solvent, and subjecting them to a

temperature of 230°F. 105 Resin and 205 Hardener, mixed together at 5:1 by weight, has a density of 1181

g/L (9.86 lbs/gal). The combined VOC content for 105/205 is 63.4 g/L (0.53 lbs/gal).

10. REACTIVITY:

STABILITY: ............................................................ Stable.

HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: .................. Will not occur .

INCOMPATIBILITIES:......................................... Avoid excessive heat. Avoid acids, oxidizing mater ials,


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halogenated organic compounds (e.g., methylene chloride). External heating or self-heating could result in

rapid temperature increase and serious hazard. If such a reaction were to take place in a waste drum, the drum

could expand and rupture violently.

DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS:......................... Very toxic fumes and gases when burned. Carbon

monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen; ammonia when heated.

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION:

No specific oral, inhalation or dermal toxicology data is known for this product.

Oral: ................................................. Expected to be moderately toxic.

Inhalation: ........................................ Expected to be moderately toxic.

Dermal: ............................................ Expected to be moderately toxic.

Adsorption of phenolic solutions through the skin may be very rapid and can cause death. Lesser exposures

can cause damage to the kidney, liver, pancreas and spleen; and cause edema of the lungs. Chronic exposures

can cause death from liver and kidney damage.

CARCINOGENICITY:

NTP ..................................................................... No.

IARC ................................................................... No.

OSHA.................................................................. No.

This product contains no known carcinogens in concentrations of 0.1% or greater.

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION:

Wastes from this product may present long term environmental hazards. Do not allow into sewers, on the

ground or in any body of water.

Hydroxybenzene (phenol) (CAS # 108-95-2) biodegradability = 99.5% at 7 days.

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS:



WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD:............................ Evaluation of this product using RCRA cr iter ia shows

that it is not a hazardous waste, either by listing or characteristics, in its purchased form. It is the

responsibility of the user to determine proper disposal methods.

Incinerate, recycle (fuel blending) or reclaim may be preferred methods when conducted in accordance with

federal, state and local regulations.

14. TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION:

D.O.T. SHIPPING NAME: ..................................... Polyamines, liquid, cor rosive, n.o.s.

TECHNICAL SHIPPING NAME:......................... (Tr iethylenetetramine)

D.O.T. HAZARD CLASS: ...................................... Class 8

U.N./N.A. NUMBER:............................................... UN 2735

PACKING GROUP:................................................ PG III

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION:

OSHA STATUS: ...................................................... Corrosive; possible sensitizer .

TSCA STATUS:....................................................... All components listed on TSCA Inventory.

SARA TITLE III:

SECTION 313 TOXIC CHEMICALS: ........... This product contains hydroxybenzene (phenol) and is

subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and

Reauthorization Act of 1986 and 40 CFR Part 372.

STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION:

The following chemicals are specifically listed or otherwise regulated by individual states. For details on

your regulatory requirements you should contact the appropriate agency in your state.

COMPONENT NAME

/CAS NUMBER CONCENTRATION STATE CODE

Tetraethylenepentamine

112-57-2 <12% FL, MA, NJ, PA

Tetraethylenetriamine

112-24-3 <15% FL, MA, NJ, PA

16. OTHER INFORMATION:

REASON FOR ISSUE:............................................ Update in Section 1.

PREPARED BY:...................................................... T. J . Atkinson

APPROVED BY: ..................................................... G. M. House

TITLE:...................................................................... Health, Safety & Environmental Manager

APPROVAL DATE:................................................ J anuary 3, 2005

SUPERSEDES DATE: ............................................ J anuary 5, 2004

MSDS NUMBER: .................................................... 205-05a




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Note: The Hazardous Material Indexing System (HMIS), cited in the Emergency Overview of Section 3, uses the

following index to assess hazard rating: 0 = Minimal; 1 = Slight; 2 = Moderate; 3 = Serious; and 4 = Severe.

This information is furnished without warranty, expressed or implied, except that it is accurate to the best

knowledge of West System Inc. The data on this sheet is related only to the specific material designated herein.

West System Inc. assumes no legal responsibility for use or reliance upon these data


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MSDS-BP PAGE 1 Issued 12/08/93 Revised 12/12/05 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS-BP) PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION Product Name BLACK POWDER Trade Names and Synonyms N/A Manufacturer/Distributor GOEX, Inc. (Doyline, LA) & various international sources Transportation Emergency 800-255-3924 (24 hrs — CHEM • TEL) PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN THE USE OF EXPLOSIVES The prevention of accidents in the use of explosives is a result of careful planning and observance of the best known practices. The explosives user must remember that he is dealing with a powerful force and that various devices and methods have been developed to assist him in directing this force. He should realize that this force, if misdirected, may either kill or injure both him and his fellow workers. WARNING All explosives are dangerous and must be carefully handled and used following approved safety procedures either by or under the direction of competent, experienced persons in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations, or ordinances. If you have any questions or doubts as to how to use any explosive product, DO NOT USE IT before consulting with your supervisor, or the manufacturer, if you do not have a supervisor. If your supervisor has any questions or doubts, he should consult the manufacturer before use. MSDS-BP PAGE 1 Issued 12/08/93 Revised 12/12/05 HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS Material or Component % CAS No. TLV PEL Potassium nitrate1 70-76 007757-79-1 NE NE Sodium nitrate1 70-74 007631-99-4 NE NE Charcoal 8-18 N/A NE NE Sulfur 9-20 007704-34-9 NE NE Graphite2 Trace 007782-42-5 15 mppct (TWA) 2.5 mg/m3 N/A = Not assigned NE = Not established 1 Black Powder contains either potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate in the percentages indicated. Black powder does not contain both. 2 Not contained in all grades of black powder. PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point N/A Vapor Pressure N/A Vapor Density N/A Solubility in Water Good Specific Gravity 1.70 - 1.82 (mercury method) 1.92 - 2.08 (pycnometer) PH 6.0 - 8.0 Evaporation Rate N/A Appearance and Odor Black granular powder. No odor detectable. HAZARDOUS REACTIVITY Instability Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Avoid impact, friction, and static electricity. Incompatibility When dry, black powder is compatible with most metals; however, it is hygroscopic, and when wet, attracts all common metals except stainless steel. Black powder must be tested for compatibility with any material not specified in the production/procurement package with which they may come in contact. Materials include other explosives, solvents, adhesives, metals, plastics, paints, cleaning compounds, floor and table coverings, packing materials, and other similar materials, situations, and equipment. Hazardous decomposition Detonation produces hazardous overpressures and fragments (if confined). Gas-es produced may be toxic if exposed in areas with inadequate ventilation. Polymerization Polymerization will not occur. FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA Flashpoint Not applicable Auto ignition temperature Approx. 464°C (867°F) Explosive temperature (5 sec) Ignites @ approx. 427°C (801°F) Extinguishing media Water


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Special fire fighting procedures ALL EXPLOSIVES: DO NOT FIGHT EXPLOSIVES FIRES. Try to keep fire from reaching explosives. Isolate area. Guard against intruders. Division 1.1 Explosives (heavily encased): Evacuate the area for 5000 feet (1 mile) if explosives are heavily encased. Division 1.1 Explosives (not heavily encased): Evacuate the area for 2500 feet (½ mile) if explosives are not heavily encased. Division 1.1 Explosives (all): Consult the 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, Guide 112 for further details. Unusual fire and explosion hazards Black powder is a deflagrating explosive. It is very sensitive to flame and spark and can also be ignited by friction and impact. When ignited unconfined, it burns with explosive violence and will explode if ignited under even slight confinement. MSDS-BP PAGE 2-3 Issued 12/08/93 Revised 12/03/03 HEALTH HAZARDS General Black powder is a Division 1.1 Explosive, and detonation may cause severe physical injury, including death. All explosives are dangerous and must be handled carefully and used following approved safety procedures under the direction of competent, experienced persons in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and ordinances. Carcinogenicity None of the components of Black powder are listed as a carcinogen by NTP, IARC, or OSHA. FIRST AID Inhalation Not a likely route of exposure. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration, preferably by mouth-to-mouth. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Seek prompt medical attention. Eye and skin contact Not a likely route of exposure. Flush eyes with water. Wash skin with soap and water. Ingestion Not a likely route of exposure.. If ingested, induce vomiting immediately by giving two glasses of water and sticking finger down throat. Injury from detonation Seek prompt medical attention. SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES Spill/leak response Use appropriate personal protective equipment. Isolate area and remove sources of friction, impact, heat, low level electrical current, electrostatic or RF energy. Only competent, experienced persons should be involved in cleanup procedures. Carefully pick up spills with non-sparking and non-static producing tools. Waste disposal Desensitize by diluting in water. Open train burning, by qualified personnel, may be used for disposal of small unconfined quantities. Dispose of in compliance with federal regulations under the authority of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (40 CFR Parts 260-271). SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Ventilation Use only with adequate ventilation. Respiratory None Eye None Gloves Impervious rubber gloves. Other Metal-free and non-static producing clothes SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS Keep away from friction, impact, and heat. Do not consume food, drink, or tobacco in areas where they may be-come contaminated with these materials. Contaminated equipment must be thoroughly water cleaned before attempting repairs. Use only non-spark producing tools. No smoking. MSDS-BP PAGE 2-4 Issued 12/08/93 Revised 12/03/03 STORAGE CONDITIONS Store in a cool, dry place in accordance with the requirements of Subpart K, ATF: Explosives Law and Regulations (27 CFR 55.201-55.219). SHIPPING INFORMATION Proper shipping name Black powder Hazard class 1.1D UN Number UN0027 DOT Label & Placard DOT Label EXPLOSIVE 1.1D DOT Placard EXPLOSIVES 1.1


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Alternate shipping information Limited quantities of black powder may be transported as “ Black powder for small arms”, NA0027, class 4.1 pursuant to U.S. Department of Transportation authorization EX-8712212. The information contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet is based upon available data and believed to be correct; however, as such has been obtained from various sources, including the manufacturer and independent laboratories, it is given without warranty or representation that it is complete, accurate, and can be relied upon. OWEN COM-PLIANCE SERVICES, INC. has not attempted to conceal in any manner the deleterious aspects of the product listed herein, but makes no warranty as to such. Further, OWEN COMPLIANCE SERVICES, INC. cannot anticipate nor control the many situations in which the product or this information may be used; there is no guarantee that the health and safety precautions suggested will be proper under all conditions. It is the sole responsibility of each user of the product to determine and comply with the requirements of all applicable laws and regulations regarding its use. This information is given solely for the purposes of safety to persons and property. Any other use of this information is expressly prohibited. For further information contact: David W. Boston, President

OWEN COMPLIANCE SERVICES, INC. 12001 County Road 1000 P.O. Box 765 Godley, TX 76044 Telephone number: 817-551-0660 FAX number: 817-396-4584 MSDS prepared by: David W. Boston Original publication date: 12/08/93 Revision date: 12/12/05 12/03/03


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file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Tony/Desktop/slc/facilities%20msds/html%20files/SPRAYPAINT%

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RUST-OLEUM CORP -- AEROSOL SPRAY PAINT, 2143 -- 8010-01-177-0797

===================== Product Identification ===================== Product ID:AEROSOL SPRAY PAINT, 2143 MSDS Date:03/04/1994 FSC:8010 NIIN:01-177-0797 Status Code:A MSDS Number: CJFGD === Responsible Party === Company Name:RUST-OLEUM CORP Address:11 HAWTHORNE PKWY City:VERNON HILLS State:IL ZIP:60061 Country:US Info Phone Num:708-367-7700 Emergency Phone Num:708-367-7700 CAGE:08882 === Contractor Identification === Company Name:RUST-OLEUM CORP Address:11 HAWTHORN PARKWAY Box:City:VERNON HILLS State:IL ZIP:60061-1583 Country:US Phone:847-367-7700 CAGE:08882 ============= Composition/Information on Ingredients ============= Ingred Name:N-PROPANOL; VP: 14.9MMHG @ 20C; LEL: 2.1% CAS:71-23-8 RTECS #:UH8125000 = Wt:1. Other REC Limits:N/K OSHA PEL:500 MG/M3;200 PPM


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Ingred Name:PETROLEUM GASES, LIQUEFIED, SWEETENED; (PROPELLANT file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Tony/Desktop...ies%20msds/html%20files/SPRAYPAINT%20RUSTOLEUM.htm (1

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(PROPANE, BUTANE, ISOBUTANE)) VP: 85 PSI @ 20C; LEL: 1.8% CAS:68476-86-8 = Wt:25. Other REC Limits:N/K OSHA PEL:1000 PPM OSHA STEL:N/K ACGIH TLV:1000 PPM ACGIH STEL:N/K Ingred Name:XYLENE; VP: 9.5MMHG @ 20C; LEL: 1.2% CAS:1330-20-7 RTECS #:ZE2100000 Minumum % Wt:15. Maxumum % Wt:30. Other REC Limits:N/K OSHA PEL:100 PPM OSHA STEL:N/K ACGIH TLV:434 MG/M3;100 PPM ACGIH STEL:651 MG/M3;150 PPM EPA Rpt Qty:1000 LBS DOT Rpt Qty:1000 LBS Ingred Name:TOLUENE; VP: 22.0MMHG @ 20C; LEL: 1.2% CAS:108-88-3 RTECS #:XS5250000 Minumum % Wt:10. Maxumum % Wt:25. Other REC Limits:N/K OSHA PEL:100 PPM OSHA STEL:N/K ACGIH TLV:188 MG/M3;50 PPM ACGIH STEL:N/K EPA Rpt Qty:1000 LBS DOT Rpt Qty:1000 LBS Ingred Name:LIGHT ALIPHATIC SOLVENT NAPHTHA (PETROLEUM); (VM&P NAPHTHA) VP: 2.0MMHG @ 20C; LEL: 0.9%


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CAS:64742-89-8 Minumum % Wt:0. Maxumum % Wt:5. Other REC Limits:N/K OSHA PEL:300 PPM OSHA STEL:N/K file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Tony/Desktop...ies%20msds/html%20files/SPRAYPAINT%20RUSTOLEUM.htm (2

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ACGIH TLV:300 PPM ACGIH STEL:N/K Ingred Name:2-BUTOXYETHANOL; VP: 0.9MMHG @ 20C; LEL: 1.1% CAS:111-76-2 RTECS #:KJ8575000 Minumum % Wt:0. Maxumum % Wt:10. Other REC Limits:N/K OSHA PEL:240 MG/M3;50 PPM OSHA STEL:N/K ACGIH TLV:121 MG/M3;25 PPM ACGIH STEL:N/K Ingred Name:METHYL ETHYL KETONE; VP: 70.0MMHG @ 20C; LEL: 2.0% CAS:78-93-3 RTECS #:EL6475000 Minumum % Wt:0. Maxumum % Wt:3. Other REC Limits:N/K OSHA PEL:590 MG/M3;200 PPM OSHA STEL:N/K ACGIH TLV:590 MG/M3;200 PPM ACGIH STEL:885 MG/M3;300 PPM EPA Rpt Qty:5000 LBS DOT Rpt Qty:5000 LBS Ingred Name:ETHYLBENZENE; VP: 10.0MMHG @ 20C; LEL: 1.2% CAS:100-41-4 RTECS #:DA0700000 Minumum % Wt:1. Maxumum % Wt:4. Other REC Limits:N/K


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OSHA PEL:435 MG/M3;100 PPM OSHA STEL:N/K ACGIH TLV:434 MG/M3;100 PPM ACGIH STEL:543 MG/M3;125 PPM EPA Rpt Qty:1000 LBS DOT Rpt Qty:1000 LBS ===================== Hazards Identification ===================== LD50 LC50 Mixture:NONE SPECIFIED BY MANUFACTURER. file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Tony/Desktop...ies%20msds/html%20files/SPRAYPAINT%20RUSTOLEUM.htm (3

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Routes of Entry: Inhalation:YES Skin:YES Ingestion:YES Reports of Carcinogenicity:NTP:NO IARC:NO OSHA:NO Health Hazards Acute and Chronic:ACUTE: INHAL: HARMFUL IF INHALED. MAY AFFECT BRAIN & NERV SYS CAUSING DIZZ, HDCH/NAUS. RPTD OVEREXP MAY PROGRESSIVELY LEAD TO STAG GAIT, CONFUSION, UNCON/COMA. CAUSES NOSE & THROAT IRRIT. SKIN/EYE S: CAUSES EYE & SKIN IRRIT WHICH CAN LEAD TO DERM W/RPTD OVEREXP. INGEST: MAY CAUSE GI IRRIT, NAUS, VOMIT & DIARR. CHRONIC: RPTS HAVE ASSOC RPTD & PRLNG OCCUP OVEREXP TO SOLVS W/PERM BRAIN & NERV SY S DMG. OVEREXP TO XYLENE & TOLUENE IN LAB ANIMALS HAS BEEN ASSOC W/LIVER, KIDNEY, LUNG, SPLEEN & EYE DMG AS WELL AS ANEMIA. EFTS IN HUMANS HAVE INCLUDED LIVER & CARD ABNORMS. (EFTS OF OVEREXP) Explanation of Carcinogenicity:NOT RELEVANT. Effects of Overexposure:HLTH HAZ: 2-BUTOXYETHANOL MAY BE HARMFUL IF


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ABSORBED THRU SKIN & HAS BEEN SHOWN TO CAUSE BLOOD ABNORMS IN LAB ANIMALS. TOLUENE APPEARS ON THE NAVY OCCUP CHEM REPRO HAZ LIST. SEEK CONSULTATION FROM A PPROP HLTH PROFESSIONALS CONCERNING LATEST HAZ LIST INFO & SAFE HNDLG & EXPOS INFO . ANIMAL STUDIES CLEARLY DEMONSTRATED DOSE-RELATED ADVERSE EFTS ON THE CNS, HEMATOPOIETIC TISS, BLOOD, KIDNEYS , & LIVER, ASSOC W/ADMIN OF 2-BUTOXYETHANOL (EXTRACTED FROM DHHS (NIOSH) PUBLICATION #90-118) . Medical Cond Aggravated by Exposure:NONE SPECIFIED BY MANUFACTURER. ======================= First Aid Measures ======================= First Aid:INHALATION: REMOVE FROM EXPOSURE, RESTORE BREATHING AND NOTIFY A PHYSICIAN. EYES: FLUSH IMMEDIATELY WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER FOR AT LEAST 15 MINUTES. NOTIFY A PHYSICIAN. SKIN: WASH AFFECTED AREA WITH SOAP AND WATER, REMOVE CONTAMINATED CLOTHING AND WASH BEFORE REUSE. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. KEEP PERSON WARM, QUIET AND GET MEDICAL ATTENTION. ASPIRATION OF THIS MATERIAL INTO THE LUNGS CAN CAUSE CHEMICAL PNEUMONITIS WHICH CAN BE FATAL. ===================== Fire Fighting Measures ===================== Flash Point Method:TCC Flash Point:<-17.8C, 0.F file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Tony/Desktop...ies%20msds/html%20files/SPRAYPAINT%20RUSTOLEUM.htm (4

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Lower Limits:SEE INGS


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Extinguishing Media:NFPA CLASS B EXTINGUISHERS (CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL OR FOAM). DOT CLASSIFICATION: FLAMMABLE GAS 2.1. Fire Fighting Procedures:WEAR NIOSH APPROVED SCBA AND FULL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT . WATER SPRAY MAY BE INEFFECTIVE. WATER MAY BE USED TO COOL CLOSED CONTAINERS TO PREVENT PRESSURE BUILD-UP AND POSSIBLE AUTOIGNITION OR E XPLOSION. IF WATER IS USED, FOG NOZZLES ARE PREFERRED. Unusual Fire/Explosion Hazard:FLAMMABILITY CLASS: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. KEEP CONTAINERS TIGHTLY CLOSED. ISOLATE FROM HEAT, ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, SPARKS AND OPEN FLAME. CLOSED CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE WHEN EXPOSED TO EXTREME HEAT. DO NOT APPLY TO HOT SURFACES. ================== Accidental Release Measures ================== Spill Release Procedures:REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, VENTILATE AREA AND REMOVE WITN INERT ABSORBENT AND NON-SPARKING TOOLS. Neutralizing Agent:NONE SPECIFIED BY MANUFACTURER. ====================== Handling and Storage ====================== Handling and Storage Precautions:DO NOT STORE ABOVE 120F. DO NOT PUNCTURE OR INCINERATE CONTAINERS. INTENTIONAL MISUSE BY DELIBERATELY CONCENTRATING AND INHALING THE CONTENTS MAY BE HARMFUL OR FATAL. Other Precautions:NONE SPECIFIED BY MANUFACTURER.


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============= Exposure Controls/Personal Protection ============= Respiratory Protection:USE NIOSH APPROVED CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRATOR (TC23C) TO REMOVE SOLID AIRBORNE PARTICLES OF OVERSPRAY AND ORGANIC VAPORS DURING SPRAY APPLICATION. IN CONFINED AREAS USE NIOSH APPROVED SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR OR HOODS (TC19C). Ventilation:PROVIDE GENERAL DILUTION OR LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION IN VOLUME AND PATTERN TO KEEP TLV OF HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS BELOW ACCEPTABLE LIMITS. Protective Gloves:USE IMPERVIOUS GLOVES. Eye Protection:ANSI APPROVED CHEMICAL WORKERS GOGGLES . file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Tony/Desktop...ies%20msds/html%20files/SPRAYPAINT%20RUSTOLEUM.htm (5

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Other Protective Equipment:ANSI APPROVED EYEWASH AND DELUGE SHOWER . USE IMPERVIOUS CLOTHING TO PREVENT SKIN CONTACT. Work Hygienic Practices:NONE SPECIFIED BY MANUFACTURER. Supplemental Safety and Health NONE SPECIFIED BY MANUFACTURER. ================== Physical/Chemical Properties ================== Boiling Pt:<-17.8C, 0.F Vapor Pres:SEE INGREDIENTS Vapor Density:HVR/AIR Evaporation Rate & Reference:SLOWER (ETHER=1) Appearance and Odor:NONE SPECIFIED BY MANUFACTURER. ================= Stability and Reactivity Data ================= Stability Indicator/Materials to Avoid:YES STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS. Stability Condition to Avoid:NONE SPECIFIED BY MANUFACTURER.


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Hazardous Decomposition Products:BY OPEN FLAME: CARBON MONOXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE. ==================== Disposal Considerations ==================== Waste Disposal Methods:DISPOSE OF ACCORDING TO LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. DO NOT INCINERATE CLOSED CONTAINERS. =================== MSDS Transport Information =================== Transport Information:DOT CLASSIFICATION: FLAMMABLE GAS 2.1. ===================== Regulatory Information ===================== State Regulatory Information:CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 WARNING: THESE PRODUCTS CONTAIN CHEMICALS KNOWN TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA TO CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS OR OTHER REPRODUCTIVE HARM. Disclaimer (provided with this information by the compiling agencies): This information is formulated for use by elements of the Department of Defense. The United States of America in no manner whatsoever, expressly or implied, warrants this information to be accurate and file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Tony/Desktop...ies%20msds/html%20files/SPRAYPAINT%20RUSTOLEUM.htm (6

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disclaims all liability for its use. Any person utilizing this document should seek competent professional advice to verify and assume responsibility for the suitability of this information to their particular situation. file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Tony/Desktop...ies%20msds/html%20files/SPRAYPAINT%20RUSTOLEUM.htm (7

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