narratives cont
TRANSCRIPT
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Narratives-cont.
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Character
The people (or actors) in the story plot.
They can be animals, people or anything
the author chooses.
Characterization?
The techniques an author uses to develop
the personality of a character in a literary
work.
The description of the personalities of the
characters in the story and the way in
which an author reveals their
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Types of Character
1. Protagonist
The main character in a story
Always involved in the main conflict and its
resolution.
2. Antagonist The person opposing the protagonist
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Describing Characters
Static Characters
- Characters that stay the same
throughout the story.
Dynamic Characters
- Characters that learn and change
something during the story.
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Flat Characters
- Characters with very few personality traits
described.
- Do not change much throughout the story
sometimes can be symbols of
stereotypes.
Round Characters
- Convincing and true-to-life characters.
- Have different personality traits.
- Undergo changes throughout the story.
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We learn about a character by examining 5
areas:
1. what he says
2. what he thinks
3. what he does
4. what is said about him by other charactersand the narrator
5. an author's direct statement
In character analysis, look at the character'sdialogue; his appearance; his actions; his
environment; his character type; what
motivates the character; is his motivation
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Theme
The main idea of a literary work, usuallyexpressed as a generalization.
When stating a theme, state the themein five words or less. Often it can be
stated in one word.
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the author's underlying meaning or
main idea that he is trying to convey.
The theme may be the author's
thoughts about a topic or view of human
nature.
The title of the short story usually points
to what the writer is saying and he may
use various figures of speech to
emphasize his theme, such as: symbol,allusion, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, or
irony.
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Style
The ways the author expresses himself
and conveys his ideas and centralpurpose.
Style is very personal - no two writing
styles are alike. In order to determine a writer's style, we
must look at the following areas:
i. Dictionii. Sentence Structure
iii. Point of View
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Diction - word choice. Word choice can beformal, informal, colloquial or slang.
Formal diction is usually found in academic
texts, academic papers and formal discourse. Informal diction is relaxed conversation and is
found in writing that has a lighter tone and is
sometimes humorous. Colloquial diction is the everyday usage of a
particular group. Example: In Cape Bretonpeople say "A bun of bread", "A sup of pop",
etc. Slang is defined as a newly coined word not
accepted for formal usage yet, and is usually
not found in the dictionary.
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Sentence structure -
Indicated by whether or not the sentencesare short, long, simple, compound,
complex, compound-complex.
Point of View -
The vantage point from which the authorpresents the action of the story. It is the
person telling the story: the narrator.
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Irony
some sort of discrepancy between whatis expected and what actually happens.
i. Verbal irony - the opposite is said fromwhat is really intended (sarcasm)
ii. Dramatic irony - a contrast betweenwhat a character says and what the
reader knows to be true.
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Symbolism
A literary symbol means somethingitself in the story but also suggests a
wealth of meaning beyond what it
actually is.
An object, a situation, and actions can
all be symbolic tools.
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Conflict
Essential to plot - without conflict there is
no plot.
Conflict is not merely limited to open
arguments, rather it is any form of
opposition that faces the main character.
Within a short story there may be only one
central struggle, or there may be one
dominant struggle with many minor ones.
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1. Internal - man versus himself
2. External - man versus man
man versus nature
man versus society
man versus unknown
man versus supernatural man versus time