RADHA GOVIND GROUP OF INSTITUTION MEERUT

Summer training report NARORA ATOMIC POWER STATION Submitted To Submitted By Mr. Puneet singh RAJKUMARI (Assistance Professor) B. Tech [E.E] final Department Of Electrical Engineering year

NARORA ATOMIC POWER STATION

2016UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

M R . G A U R AV S H A R M A (T R A I N I N G S U P E R I N T E N D A N T )

M R . K H A G E S H C H A N D R A ( T R A I N I N G C O O R D I N AT O R )

PROJECT REPORT ON VOCATIONAL TRAINING CARRIED OUT AT

Contents• Introduction• Layout of NAPS• Important data about NAPS • Nuclear reaction • Nuclear reactor • Shutdown system• Electrical system• Turbo generator • Generator transformer • Station unit transformer • Power supply classification at NAPS • Diesel generator set• Power motor generator set• Switch yard • Motor control centre • Specification of Circuit breaker • protective relay

NAPS station is situated at the bank of river Ganga in bulandshahr district of u.p . NAPS is a twin unit module of 220 mwe each of pressurized heavy water reactor in this plant. Natural uranium is used as a fule the heavy water used for coolant and as moderator. NAPS with northern grid through five line of 220 kv. NAPS is the 4th atomic power plant installed in India preceded by Tarapur in Maharashtra, Rawatbhata in Rajasthan and kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu.

LAYOUT OF NAPS

.Administration building•Over head water tank •NDCT•220 kv switch yard •Service building •Reactor building •Purification building •Pump house •Turbine building • Station training centre •Waste management plant • IDCT

1. Transmission line – 5 2. NDCT height – 128 meters

3. NDCT Top Dia – 58 meters

4. NDCT Base Dia – 107 meters

5. NDCT Throat Dia – 53 meters

6. Steam flow – 1314 Ton/hr

7. Steam pressure – 48-40 kg/cm2

8. Coolant tubes – 306

9. Generator power – 220 mwe

10.Grid voltage – 220 kv

Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts (lighter nuclei). The fission process often produces free neutrons and photons (in the form of gamma rays), and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay. The heat produces steam, which drives the turbo-generator & produces electricity. Natural uranium as a fuel used in this reactor.

The basic nuclear reaction is as follows:

92U235 + 0n1

38Sr94 + 54Xe140 + 2 0n1+ y (Heat Energy)+ γ

(Natural Uranium Oxide)

92U235

+0n1 56Ba141+ 36Kr92 + 3 0n1 + y (Heat Energy) + γ

Nuclear reactor •Light and heavy water reactors •Pressurized water reactors (PWR)•Boiling water reactors (BWR)•Pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWR)

NAPS have two diverse & independent shut down system, one of them is

fast acting & other is slow acting.

1. Primary shutdown system

2. Secondary shutdown system

Primary shutdown system

The system is meant to shut down the Reactor whenever any operating parameter crosses a set limit. The system operates automatically & can also be operated manually.The system has 14 rods of cadmium sandwiched in stainless steel as neutron absorbing element.

Secondary shutdown system

The Secondary Shutdown system comes into action when the primary shutdown system fails to operate. It is provided as a backup protective system. It consists of 12 liquid poison tubes which remain empty during normal course of operation.

Electrical system

The electrical system deals with generation of electrical energy from heat energy obtained from nuclear reaction and its subsequent transmission and utilization.

1. Turbo generator2. Generating transformer3. Station unit transformer (SUT)4. Diesel generator set (DG)5. Power motor generator set (PMG)

TURBO GENERATOR 1. Active power – 237.7 MW2. Power factor – 0.90

3. Total power – 264.0 MVA4. Speed - 3000 rpm5. Efficiency at full load – 98.6%

Principal of component :- 6. Stator :- stator is the stationary part of the

generator . It is made up of stacked lamination of

cold rolled grain oriented sillicon steel .

2. Rotor:- it is made up chromium –Nickel steel . Field winding conductor are placed in rotor slots .

3. Slip ring :- slip ring are made of copper ,brush gear is provided in the generator shaft to inject excitation current from the static.

Generator excitation system

1. Dc excitation system

2. Ac excitation system

3. Static excitation system

1. Capacity – 265 MVA2. LV side voltage – 16.5 kv 3. HV side voltage – 235 kv 4. Power factor – 0.9

5. Impedance – 0.14 Pu 6. Coolant – oil natural air forced

Station unit transformer

The transformer is specified with a HV voltage with a voltage rate of 220 / 6.6 kv . The LV voltage of 6.6 kv is the no load voltage of the LV side on load the voltage Drop in the SUT will reduce the terminal voltage to 6.6 kv with the proper selection of tap .

CLASSIFICATION AT NAPS

POWER VOLTAGE NATURAL SOURCE

CLASS-1 250 V DC Uninterrupted Battery bankCLASS-2 415 V AC uninterrupted Power MG setCLASS-3 415 V AC interruptible DG setCLASS-4 415 V AC &6.6

KVinterruptible Grid supply &

TC set

DIESEL GENERATOR SET

1. Rated continuous output -1450 kw2. Overload capacity for 8 hr – 1650 kw 3. Overload capacity for 2 hr – 1750 kw The DG set are capable of parallel operation of class -

4 power supply .

DIESEL ENGINE NAME RATING RATING 2600 BHPSPEED 1000 RPMNO. OF STOCKES 4 StokePOWER FACTOR 0.8 lagEngine cylinder 16 cylindersExcitation Static Excitationpole 6- poleExcitation voltage 58.5 VConnection Star , 3 phase

The diesel engine is started by air motor .the air is stored in air receiver by the Compressor and this air gives six starter to DG set for cooling oil and heavy water Are used.

Power motor generator set PMG meant for uninterrupted power supply (415 v, 3- phase , 50

Hz) PMG is start with the help of pony motor with resistance control on bus 1 .The DC machine acts as a DC generator when the terminal voltage across the generator equal to the supply voltage (250v ,

DC).

• circuit breaker• Isolator• Lightening Arresters• Capacitive voltage transformer• Current transformer• Carrier communication • Control room

Motor control centre The motor control centre (MCC ) is an

assembly of panel from where motor starters

For different motors in the station are grouped and controlled from control room Or field.

Specification of circuit breaker

•Rated voltage •Rated current •Rated frequency•Rated making capacity •Rated breaking capacity •Short time current rating •Insulation level •Number of poles

Protective relays 1. Instantaneous over current relay 2. Earth fault relay 3. Definite time over current relay 4. Under voltage relay 5. Instantaneous differential relay 6. Fuse failure relay 7. Directional inverse time over current relay 8. Transformer differential relay

Characteristics of relay

• Selectivity • Sensitivity • Speed • Reliability