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NanotechnologySpring Update

for theMinnesota Futurists

May 17, 2003

Dave Keenan

Hank Lederer

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Topics

• Background

• Products on Sale Now

• Nanostructures

• Nanofabrication

• Nano-circuits/Nano-memory

• Rising Anxiety

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Background

Nanotechnology – Broad Definitiondesigning and building itemswith small numbers of atoms- items with features 0.1 to 100 nm- bucky balls and nanotubes- catalysts and pigments

Molecular Nanotechnology – Narrow Definitiondesigning and bottom-up, self-assembly ofatomically precisemachines and structuresultimately self-replicating

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DOCKERS® Pleated Go Khaki™with Stain Defender™MSR Price: $52.00

http://www.us.dockers.com/spr03a/dockers/prod/d_prod.jsp?FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=2711751&bmUID=1051903567761

Spill demo link

Coming next – anti-bacterial uniforms, anti-fungal socks

Products on Sale Now

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Products on Sale NowNano-Tex est. 1998, privately held,

Burlington Industries, major (51%) shareholder21Apr03 Nano-Tex Licenses Alamac American Knits

Initial applications 100% cotton, cotton/polyester blends and 100% polyester circular knitted shirting fabrics for uniform, career and casual apparel

www.nano-tex.com

Wicks Body MoistureDries Quickly

Breathable Fabric

Savane • KathmanduCroft & Barrow • Levi Dockers

Elbeco • Haggar

Superior Water and Oilrepellency

Unsurpassed DurabilityBreathable Fabric

Savane • Bremen Trousers

Luxurious SoftnessEase of Care

Durable Performance

Levi Dockers

Liquid and Oil RepellentWrinkle ResistanceBreathable Fabric

Marks Work Wearhouse • GAPVF/The Lee Company

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• Tennis balls that don’t deflate

Products on Sale Now

Sugg. Retail: US $4.49Stock Number: T1050Approved By: ITF, USTA, Tennis Australia,

Swiss Tennis, FIT, JTA, FFT, Tennis Canada

Color(s): YellowCore: Air D-Fense by InMatt LLCCover Material: Supreme Play FeltPack Quantity: 3-ballPlayer Type: Performance

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AIR D-FENSETM 2000:Robust flexible coating, 30 times less permeability than butylCan withstand strains up to 20% without any damage

AIR D-FENSETM 3500S:Butyl nanocomposite, 110 times less permeable than butylCan withstand strains up to 15% without any damage.

InMat coatings are water based, non-toxic, non-hazardous, and contain nosolvents or volatile organic materials (VOC’s).

AIR D-FENSETM 2000 AIR D-FENSETM 3500SOxygen permeability (at 25C, 0% RH) 3 cc-mm/m2-day-atm 0.8 cc-mm/m2-day atmNitrogen permeability (at 25C, 0% RH) 1.0cc-mm/m2-day-atm 0.3cc-mm/m2-day atmRelative permeabilityInMat: natural rubber 1:600 1:2000

Innovative Materials Company www.inmat.comFounded Oct 1999, spun out of Hoechst, work started 19967 employees, Harris Goldberg ’02 Sales ~$250KTarget - $1B tire sealing mkt 1 nm thick clay particles$1.5M funding round – 14 April 03

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Products on Sale NowSunscreen• Chengyin Nano Titanium Dioxide R&D Center - China

– This sun screener is white powder in appearance.– Compounded from ultrafine organic functional materials, it has small

diameter and larger surface area.– Due to its innocuity and no side effect, it is highly stable in terms of

chemical property.– After organic and inorganic wrapping, it forms hydrophilic or

hydrophobic products– Due to its ultrafine diameter, it feels fine and smooth.– Used for sun-screening cream, skin-protecting shampoo, face cream,

sun-screening foundation cream, sun-screening lipstick and sun-screening ointment.

– Protects from UVA and UVB, keeps skin fine and smooth.

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Products on Sale NowSunscreen• Showa Denko - Japan

– titanium oxide – 30 nm diameter– zinc oxide – 20 nm diameter– surfaces coated with thin film of silica to reduce the surface activity,

thereby increasing transparency and UV-shielding performance.– Maxlight FTS - excellent shielding performance in the UV-B region

(UV wavelength: 280-320 nm). Addition of a small amount ofMaxlight FTS results in high sun protection factor (SPF) values.

– high transparency after application to the skin.– Maxlight ZS provides excellent shielding performance in the UV-A

region (UV wavelength: 320-400 nm) and high transparency.– These have enabled the production of an oil/water type cream that

holds emulsified oil in moisture content. When Maxlight FTS andMaxlight ZS are used together, the cosmetic preparation can shieldUV of all wavelengths reaching the earth's surface.

– Annual sales of Maxlight series expected $8.6M by 2005.

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Products on Sale NowCOSMETICS

Nano products facilitate the creation ofsuperior cosmetic products.

Nano products provide• high UV attenuation without the use of

chemicals,• provide transparency to visible light when

desired,• can be evenly dispersed into a wide range

of cosmetics vehicles to provide non-caking cosmetic products.

•SUNSCREENSFE45B (Brown Iron Oxide)Ti02 Dispersions

MOISTURIZERS WITH SPFTi 02 Dispersions

COLOR FOUNDATIONS WITH SPFFE45B (Brown Iron Oxide)Ti02 Dispersions

LIPSTICK WITH SPFFE45b ( Brown Iron Oxide)Ti02 Dispersions

LIP BALM WITH SPFFE45B (Brown Iron Oxide)Ti02 Dispersions

FOOT CAREZinc Oxide Powder

OINTMENTSZinc Oxide Powder

OTC TOPICALZinc Oxide Powder

Kemco International Associates – Westlake OHhttp://www.kemcointernational.com/NANOPHASEAPPLICATIONS.htm#COSMETICS

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L’Oreal – no mention of nano anywhere (despite strong rumor)• L’Oréal Group #1 cosmetics company in the world• Worldwide sales of $15.8 billion in 2001• Staff of almost 50,000, 130 countries• Hair color, Hair care, Skin care, Make-up and Perfumes• Portfolio of brands includes: L'Oréal, Garnier, Maybelline, Redken,

Lancôme, Helena Rubinstein, Biotherm, Vichy, La Roche-Posay,Soft Sheen Carson, Matrix, Kiehl’s, Shu Uemura, Ralph Lauren,Giorgio Armani and Cacharel.

• Bases success on technological innovation.• Invests 3% of sales in R&D.• Research laboratories located in France, United States and Japan

focus on skin, hair and color• More than 110 original molecules have been developed• More than 3,000 new formulae are launched every year• 493 patents filed in 2001.

Products on Sale Now

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NanostructuresNanohorns -Carbon Nanotubes discoverer NEC Research Fellow Sumio Iijima in 1991

NEC Cells with carbon nanohorn electrode generate ~ 20% more electricpower than conventional fuel cells with activated-carbon electrodes.

Carbon nanohorn has a finer structure than activated carbon

Serve as structure on the electrode for fine particles of platinum catalystfor decomposing hydrogen.

NEC claims it can produce fuel cells for mobile devices at the same costas that of lithium-ion batteries. Methanol fueled – 16 hours life (4-8x)

Will concentrate on development of new fuel cells, as mainstay product

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Nanostructures-Quantum Dots –

-Discovered by Prof. Louis Brus,now Columbia Univ., ex Bell Labs

Nanosys Palo Alto, CA

www.nanosysinc.comCharles Lieber, Harvard – Co-founderPeidong Yang, UCB – Co-founder$65M funding so far ($30M 2nd Round closed 24Apr03)

Strategic Partnership - MatsushitaElectric Works for Solar Cells

Applications• Chemical and biological sensors• Photovoltaics (solar cells)• Macroelectronics (RFID tags, flat panel

displays, wearable electronics)

Quantum confinement: vialscontain quantum dots ofdifferent sizes. Due to quantumconfinement effects, the smallestquantum dots emit blue lightwhile the largest emit red.

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Nanostructures– NanolasersPeidong Yang – UC Berkeley

Grown like snowflakes, dendritic

Zinc Oxide branches – teeth of comb

Self-assembled array

Pulsing bright light on them turnsthem into lasers

Glow with UV of single wavelength(range of 360-400 nm)

1000x smaller than current comm. lasers

A far field microscopy image of a40 µm long GaN nanowire laser.(Credit: Peidong Yang)

Maybe useful for telecommunications, although preferelectrically switched on/off instead of opticallyWorking on Laser-diode based on nanowires4 April 2003http://www.nature.com/nsu/030331/030331-9.html

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Nanostructures– NanolasersWorld’s smallest solid state light

emitter

First electrically controlled,single molecule light emitter

Phaedon Avouris

1.4 nm diameter nanotube

1500 nm wavelength

Simultaneously inject positive and negativecharges into a carbon nanotube through thesource and drain electrodes at its two ends.When the electrons and holes meet in thenanotube, they neutralize each other andgenerate light.

ApplicationsOptoelectronics, high speed telecommunications01 May 2003http://www.research.ibm.com/resources/news/20030501_cntle.shtml

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Nanostructures– Nanoflowers –Nat’l Inst. for Material Science – JapanSurprising structure~ 2 microns wide “flowers”~ 200,000 per sq. mmHexagonal petals

100-300 nm wideSeveral nm thick

Excellent field emittersUseful nanoelectronic devices

07 April 2003 http://www.nanotechweb.org/articles/news/2/4/7/1

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Carbon Nanotubes in ProductionNanostructures

Estimate 10 to 20 Lb/day, doubling every year or so

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NanostructuresCarbon Nanotubes in Production

Carbolex Lexington, KY http://carbolex.comCarbon Nanotechnologies [CNI] Houston, TX www.cnanotech.com technology licensed exclusively from Rice UniversityCarbon Nanotech Research Institure [CNRI] Tokyo, Japan. subsidiary of Mitsui www.xnri.com/english/Hyperion Catalysis Int’l Cambridge, MA www.fibrils.com 1982, flagship is a conductive, MWNT known as FIBRIL™ nanotubesILJIN Seoul, Korea www.ilhinnanotech.co.kr/en/Materials and Electrochemical Research Corp. [MER] Tucson, AZNanocarblab Moscow, Russian Fed www.nanocarblab.com Founded in 2001Nanocyl Namur, Belguim www.nanocyl.comNanoLab Brighton, MA www.nano-lab.com Founded in January 2000NanoLedge Clapiers, France www.nanoledge.comRosseter Holding Ltd Limassol, Cyprus www.e-nanoscience.comSouthWest NanoTechnologies Inc. [SWeNT™] Norman, OK spinoff of Univ of Oklahoma and ConocoPhillips www.swnano.com

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NanostructuresCarbon Nanotubes in Production - APPLICATIONSSome informed speculation on the potential of nanotubes include:

some links require one-time quick registration1. Nanotube-powered micro-submarines, and batteries for tiny devices and pacemakers

2. Lightweight structural material for aircraft, spacecraft and suspension bridges

3. Components for MEMS sensors, and "lab on a chip“

4. Ultra-sensitive and selective nanoscale sensors

5. Single-molecule computer circuits

6. Nanoelectronics Building Blocks

7. Next-generation display panels

8. High-density magnetic memories

9. Nanovehicles for drug delivery

10.Fracture-resistant Ceramics

11.Nanotube-based TV

12.Electric voltage generator

13.Field Emission Displays

14.Optical Nanoantennas

15.Molecular switches

16.A space elevator

Pick – Most Likely to OccurBy 2005By 2010By 2020

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Nanostructures- Long Nanotubes -

Duke University 22Apr03

Longest Produced so far

2 - 4 mm long

(100x longer)

L/D ~ 200,000http://pubs3.acs.org/acs/journals/doilookup?in_doi=10.1021/ja034475c

Applications

Wire and cable

Fiber reinforced composites

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Nanostructures- Nanopipettes -Univ. Louisville & Rensselaer Polytechnic

Nanoscale tip

Rigid: 200-700 nm outer dia.

Hollow: 1 – 20 nm inside dia.

Both ends open

Use for nanofluidics – transdermal/trans-oculardrug delivery, fluid delivery and detection insingle cells

Nanopipette Array -

8April 2003

http://nanotechweb.org/articles/news/2/4/5/1

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Nanofabrication

Founded 2001Chad Mirkin – Northwestern Univ2002 Feynman Prize$6M 2nd rnd Jan03 ($10M so far)Chicago, ILApplications – “Building the Future, One Molecule at a Time”www.nanoink.net

• DPN™ Dip Pen Nanolithography

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Nano-memory

Reports 10-Gbit nanotube memory array basis 08 May, 2003

Toward 10 billion carbon nanotube junctions on a siliconwafer, using standard semiconductor processes

Objective is Nonvolatile RAM (NRAM)much faster and denser, much lower powerReplace DRAM, SRAM, flash and hard drives($100B/year market)

2001 Start-up by 3 Harvard PhDs

www.nantero.com

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Nano-memoryCompetitors include:MEC (Molecular Electronics Corp)-Hilton Hd SC

1999 Jim Tour-Rice U & Mark Reed-Yale, 49 scientistsWorking with Amphenol - interconnectswww.molecularelectronics.com

Coatue - UCLAup to 6 bits per cellwww.coatue.biz

Rolltronics – Menlo Park, CA1998, ex HP, roll-roll processinggoal 5 Tb in 3.5” diskette size by 2005www.rolltronics.com

ZettaCore - Denver, COgoal 128 Gb in size of today’s 128 Mbwww.zettacore.com

Ionic speed: In Coatue’s memory chip, anelectric field draws ions up through thepolymer, increasing its conductivity;differences in conductivity represent bits ofdata. (Illustration by Slim Films)

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Nano-memoryCompetitors includeHP Molecular Electronics

10 Mar 03 Molecular Switch

IBM –

Molecular Electronics

Almaden P Avouris ‘01

Millipede progress

Zurich

Motorola

Molecular Electronics

Opticom ASA Sweden

All polymer multi-layer thin film memory

(Intel backed $7.8M)

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Rising Anxiety• Charles fears science could kill life on earth 27Apr03

Action Group on Erosion, Technology and Concentrationwww.etcgroup.org Winnipeg, Canada

“While nanotechnologymight pose genuine risks,Prince Charles' invocation of"grey goo" suggests thathe's not really up to speedon the subject.”Glenn Harlan Reynolds –TCS Tech Central Station30 Apr 03

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Rising Anxiety11 Dangers of Molecular Nanotechnology

1. Economic disruption from an abundance of cheap products2. Economic oppression from artificially inflated prices3. Personal risk from criminal or terrorist use4. Personal or social risk from abusive restrictions5. Social disruption from new products/lifestyles6. Unstable arms race7. Free-range self-replicators (gray goo)8. Collective environmental damage from unregulated products9. Black market in nanotech (increases other risks)10. Competing nanotech programs (increases other risks)11. Attempted relinquishment (increases other risks)

Center for Responsible Nanotechnology www.CRNano.org 21 Apr 03

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Rising AnxietyBenefits of Molecular Nanotechnology

1. Advanced nanotech can solve many human problems.2. Many diverse problems are related to water.3. Cheap greenhouses can save water, land, and food.4. Nanotech makes solar energy feasible.5. Living spaces can be greatly improved.6. Computers will be cheap enough for everyone.7. Nanotech can help the environment.8. Removing causes of distress may reduce social unrest.

Center for Responsible Nanotechnology www.CRNano.org 21 Apr 03

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Rising AnxietyInaction poses at least three severe risks:

1) No other solution may be found for certain pressing problems.

2) Inaction on the part of responsible people could simply lead to thedevelopment and use of MNT (Molecular NanoTechnology) by lessresponsible people.

3) Lack of understanding of the technology will leave the world ill-equipped to deal with irresponsible use.

Center for Responsible Nanotechnology www.CRNano.org 02 May 03

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Rising Anxiety"Today, both public and private spending on nanotechnology is broadlyinternational.

Expected economic and military advantages are driving a technologyrace already underway.

If law-abiding nations choose to delay nanotechnology development,they will relinquish the lead to others," Christine Peterson, PresidentForesight Institute.

TheHill May 07, 2003 The House Science Committee held a spiriteddebate on hypothetical invasions by grey goo and other unforeseenside effects of nanotechnology in its recent markup of H.R. 766, theNanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003.

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H.R. 766 - Congress approved additional nanotechspending by a 405 to 19 vote May 8, 2003

• Nanotech R&D Act budgets $2.36B over 3 years, average $787M/yr(< Bush's request for $847M next year, ~10% > spending $774M this yr.)

• During discussion, there was little opposition to increased fed. funding.Instead, politicians jousted over amendments about "social and ethicalconcerns" relating to nanotech.

• The House added an amendment proposed by Eddie Bernice Johnson,that would create a citizen's advisory committee of "non-scientific andnon-technical" Americans with the task of considering the possible threatof nanotechnology.

• This is "a simple amendment that allows for some type of public input aswe move along into this new area of nanotechnology," Johnson said.Without her amendment, Johnson said, "we'll have a lot of demonstratorsthat will be marching to find out what's going on." Johnson was referringto the fear that if hypothetical nanomachines -- which do not (yet) exist --escape from the lab and reproduce in the wild, they could wreak havoc onthe planet.

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Kudzu Anxiety• Nanotechnology still in its early stages

• No specific regulatory proposals have been advanced so far

• Liberal ETC Group called for a global moratorium on manufacturingnanomaterials

• Sun Microsystems founder Bill Joy famously warned that mankindmust not unleash nanotechnology because it could "destroy thebiosphere on which all life depends."

• Michael Crichton's novel "Prey," published last year, ponders whatwould happen if malicious, fictitious nanobots escaped from a lab.

• Likening the threat of problematic nanotech to the fast-growing kudzuplant, Brad Miller said it was prudent to be cautious. "Now 7m acresof the South are covered by kudzu," Miller said. "It covers crops, itcovers barns, it covers houses. Many of us suspect we have lostslow-moving relatives to the kudzu. I very much want to make surethat we're not turning loose upon the world a molecular atomickudzu."

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• Establish a National Nanotechnology Research and Development tocommercialize nanotechnology.and be responsible for evaluating "thepotential implications of human performance enhancement and thepossible development of nonhuman intelligence."

• Divvy up the total funds among the NSF (~ half), DoE and other smallerrecipients among federal agencies.

• Require the National Academy of Sciences to conduct periodic reviews offederal nanotech spending at least once every 3 years.

• Create a National Nanotechnology Coordination Office, with a full-timestaff, that will become a central point of contact for "governmentorganizations, academia, industry, professional societies, and others toexchange technical and programmatic information."

• The Senate is considering a parallel proposal “the 21st CenturyNanotechnology Research and Development Act”, which has 13sponsors.

The Nanotechnology Research and Development Act

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Summary

Nanoscale Materials are here now and emerging in use

Nanoscale Research is very well funded

Molecular Nanotechnology is still to come

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Linkswww.smalltimes.com - News Summarywww.nanotech-now.com - News Summarywww.foresight.org - Nanotech. Communitywww.nanodot.org - Foresight Blogwww.nanotechweb.org - News

http://press2.nci.nih.gov/sciencebehind/nanotech/nano00.htm- National Institute of Health -

How Nanotechnology Can Fight Cancer

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BooksEngines of Creation – Eric Drexler

The Next Big Thing is Really Small – J Uldrich, D. Newberry

Nanotechnnology: A GentleIntroduction to the Next Big Idea – Mark Ratner, Daniel Ratner

Nanomedicine – Robert Freitas Jr.

http://nanotech-now.com/nanotechnology-books.htm