nanotechnology and smart materials for medical applications · 3 ˘ ˇ nanotechnology we are at the...

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Nanotechnology and Smart Materials for Medical Applications

Vittaya Amornkitbamrung

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Outline PresentationIntroductionHistoryNanosemiconductorNanocrystalline diamondsDrug deliveryMEMs and NEMs

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Nanotechnology

We are at the point of connecting machines to individual cells

Cellsthousands of nm

DNA~2.5 nm

Atoms<1 nm

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Multiple Technologies

• Physics• Chemistry• Engineering• Life Sciences• Mathematics

• Materials Science• Computer Science• Electronics• Optics• Imaging

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Related and interwoven fields include, but are not Related and interwoven fields include, but are not limited to:limited to:

• Nano-– materials – medicine– biotechnology– lithography– electronics– magnetics– robots

– Biodevices• biomolecular machinery

– AI – MEMS

• MicroElectroMechanical Systems

– NEMS• NanoElectroMechanical Systems

– Biomimetic Materials– Microencapsulation– Many others

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Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize in Physics ��!!��!!

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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986

"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"

"for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope"

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b. 1943b. 1939b. 1933

Rice University Houston, TX, USA

University of Sussex Brighton, United Kingdom

Rice University Houston, TX, USA

USA United Kingdom

SA

1/3 of the prize

1/3 of the prize

1/3 of the prize

Richard E. Smalley

Sir Harold W. Kroto

Robert F. Curl Jr.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996

for their discovery of fullerenes. C60

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Carbon Carbon NanotubesNanotubes

Discovered in 1991 by researchers at NECDiscovered in 1991 by researchers at NEC

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S. Iijima, Chemical Physics Letters, 380 (2003) 42-46)

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S. Iijima, Chemical Physics Letters, 380 (2003) 42-46)

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SWNT prepared from ethanol at KKU

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Health Issues

• Some nanoparticles are so small, they can slip past the immune system or directly into the brain, bypassing the selective blood-brain barrier.

• Makes nanoparticles useful for delivering much-needed drugs

• But they might also deliver toxins.

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The top image shows an MRI of a melanoma tumor without nanoparticles. The bottom one shows the same tumor lighted up by nanoparticles.

Samuel WicklineGregory Lanza

Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.

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I-V characteristic of diamond and diamond film by HFCVD

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Diamond thin film on polycrystalline diamond substrate

Polycrystalline diamond

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1st time : Diamond thin filmon polycrystalline diamond substrate

2nd time : Diamond thin film on polycrystalline diamond substrate

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RF Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RFCVD) : System

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RF Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RFCVD) of DLC on Glass

CH4 CH4:N2

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Applications

Nature materials | VOL 3 | OCTOBER 2004 | www.nature.com/naturematerials

DNA chip

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protein chip

Nature materials | VOL 3 | OCTOBER 2004 | www.nature.com/naturematerials

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Radhika C. Mani et. al.

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Radhika C. Mani et. al.

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Carbon nanotubes and near-infrared radiation kill cancer cells by heating

• The nanotubes find their way to the cancer cells via folate attached to the nanotube surfaces. These cancer cells' surfaces have a large number of folate receptors, a marker for some kinds of cancer. The cells take up the nanotubesthrough receptor-mediated endocytosis.

• When near-IR light is applied to the nanotube-penetrated cells, the nanotubes heat up as they absorb the radiation, killing the cells, Dai says. Because biological systems are transparent to near-IR radiation, only cells containing the nanotubes are harmed.

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Carbon nanotubes and near-infrared radiation kill cancer cells by heating

•TOO HOT Kam %left& and Dai 'cook' cancer cells using nanotubes and near(IR radiation)COURTESY OF HONGJIE DAI

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DNA Nanotubes. Made almost entirely of DNA, tubes might be useful for gene therapy.

• The first layered nanotubes composed almost entirely of DNA have been created. Layers of DNA in the nanotubes are held together by hybridization of a series of DNA strands. The nanotubes fall apart when heated, releasing single-stranded DNA.

• The new DNA nanotubes could make it possible to transfer DNA without separate carriers, but this would necessitate "that these tubes are able to cross the cell membrane and reach the nucleus," which has yet to be demonstrated, Bianco notes.

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CdTe"CdSe core"shell QDs�

Ying Wang et. Al, nanotoday May 2005

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Bioapplication fo nanosemiconductors

nanotechnology and smart materials for medical applications · 3 ˘ ˇ nanotechnology we are at the...

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