naming hydrocarbons (nomenclature)
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Naming Hydrocarbons (nomenclature). Organic Compounds. __________ Compounds - any covalently bonded compound containing carbon (except __________ , __________ and __________ ). Hydrocarbons. __________ - Organic compounds that contain only carbon & hydrogen - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Naming Hydrocarbons (nomenclature)
Organic Compounds
• __________ Compounds - any covalently bonded compound containing carbon (except __________ , __________ and __________ )
Hydrocarbons
• __________ - Organic compounds that contain only carbon & hydrogen
• __________ - contain only single covalent bonds
• __________ - contain one or more carbon - carbon double bond
• __________ - contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bond
Saturated & Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Saturated hydrocarbons – contain only __________ carbon-carbon bonds (__________ )
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons – contain double carbon-carbon bonds (__________) or triple carbon-carbon (__________ ) bonds
Formulas
• Alkanes = CnH2n+2
• Alkenes = CnH2n
• Alkynes = CnH2n-2
Nomenclature
• Must memorize prefixes• To name, look at the
formula for the hydrocarbon
• Determine if it is an alkane, alkene, or alkyne
• Use the prefix for the number of carbons
• Add ending (ane, ene, yne)
Prefix # of carbon atoms
Meth- 1
Eth- 2
Prop- 3
But- 4
Pent- 5
Hex- 6
Hept- 7
Oct- 8
Non- 9
Dec- 10
Example
• Name C3H8
Mnemonic for first four prefixes
First four prefixes• Meth-• Eth-• Prop-• But-
MonkeysEatPeeledBananas
Numbering carbons
Draw 1-pentene
Name these
CH3CH
CH
CH3
CH3 CH3
C2H4
Multiple multiple bonds
• Give 1st bond (1st point of difference) lowest #• include di, tri, tetra, penta, etc. before ene/yne• Comma between #s, hyphen between #-letter
CH3CH3
CH3
CH2CCCCCCCH3
C C C C
H
H
H
H
H
H
CH3CH2CH2CH=C=CH2
CH2CCH
CHCH2
C
C
C
CC H
HHH
H
H
HH H
H
Cyclic structures
• Cyclic structures are circular• Have “cyclo” in name
Draw the following: cyclobutene 1,3-cyclopentadiene cyclopropane
Name the following:
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
Naming side chains
Root is the longest possible HC chainMust contain multiple bonds if presentAdd -yl to get name of side chainCommon side chains include:
CH3- methyl
CH3CH2- ethyl
CH3CH2CH2- propyl
(CH3)2CH- isopropylBr- (bromo)Cl- (chloro)F- (fluoro)I- (iodo)
Naming side chainsExample: name the following structure
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 1 - choose the correct ending
Naming side chains
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 2 - find the longest chain
Naming side chains
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 3 - add the prefix naming the longest chain
Naming side chains
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 4 - number the longest chain with the lowest number closest to the double bond
CH3 CH2 C2
CH21
CH23
C4
CH25
CH3
CH3
CH36
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Naming side chains
Step 5 - add that number to the name
CH3 CH2 C2
CH21
CH23
C4
CH25
CH3
CH3
CH36
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Naming side chains
ethyl
methyl
methylStep 6 - Name the side chains
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH2 C2
CH21
CH23
C4
CH25
CH3
CH3
CH36
Naming side chains
ethyl
methyl
methylStep 7 - Place the side chains in alphabetical order & name the compound
Name
CH3 CH2
CH CH3
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3 CH
CH
CH3
CH
CH3
CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH3
CH3CH2CH CH CH CH2CH CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
CH3 CH3
Draw the structures below
3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
3-ethyl-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene
More practice
Br
CH3 C CH2C CH CH CH CH3
CH3
CH3
F
Functional Groups
Class Functional group
Alcohol R – OH
Ether R — O — R’
Aldehyde O || R — C — H
Ketone O || R — C — R’
Carboxylic acid O
|| R — C — OH
Ester O || R — C — O — R’
Amine R’ | R — N — R’’
2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene
2,5-dimethyloctane
octane
1,3-diethylcyclopentane
CH3
CH2CH2
CH2CH2
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3
CHCH2
CH2CH
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH
CH2
CHCH2
CH2
CH3
CH2CH3
CH2 CH CH C CH3CH3
CH3
CH3
1
2
3
4
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2CH2
CH
CH
CH2CH2
CH2CH3
3,3-dimethylcyclopentene
cyclopropane
4-nonene
6-ethyl-2-octyne
5
6
7
8
CH3 CH2
CH CH3
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3 CH
CH
CH3
CH
CH3
CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH3
5-ethyl-2,4,6-trimethyloctane
CH3CH2CH CH CH CH2CH CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
CH3 CH3
3-methylhexane
4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane
9 10
11
cyclobutene
CH
CH2
CH
CH2
CHCH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
CH3
CH2 CH
C CH2
CH2 CH3
CH
CH3
CH3
CH3
1,2-dimethyl-6-propylcyclodecane
CH2
CH
CH2
CH
benzene
3,4-diethyl-2-hexene12 13
14
15
4-ethyl-1,2-dimethylcycloheptane
2-hexene
2,7,8-trimethyldecane
3,3-diethylpentane
CH2 C CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3
16
17
18
19
3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
CH3 CH3
CH3CH3
3-ethyl-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene
CH3
CHCH
CH2CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
20
21