naming & calculating chemical compounds unit3 – lecture 2
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Naming & Calculating Naming & Calculating Chemical CompoundsChemical Compounds
Unit3 – Lecture 2
![Page 2: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Recap – Bonding Occurs…Recap – Bonding Occurs…
• …to fill the outer level of electrons of elements
• you can predict bonding by observing trends on the periodic table:
• type of element: metals, non metals, etc• valence electrons: for lewis diagrams• oxidation #: criss-cross method
![Page 3: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Counting AtomsCounting Atoms
• A Chemical Formula shows how many of which atoms are in a molecule
• A Subscript is a number placed below and behind a symbol to show how many of which atoms are present
H2O
![Page 4: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Counting AtomsCounting Atoms
• A Coefficient is placed in front of a molecule to show more than one molecule 3H2O
![Page 5: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Counting AtomsCounting Atoms
• A Diatomic Molecule shows two atoms of the same nonmetal (usually in gas form) that have bonded together
• Reactive nonmetals will bond with one another if no other substance is available for bonding
HH22 NN22
OO22 FF22
II22 ClCl22BrBr22
![Page 6: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions
• A group of atoms that behave as one atom
• Keep together as a unit• Listed on p. 619• If more than one
polyatomic ion is present in a molecule, parentheses set it apart• Still use a subscript to
show how many
Ca(OH)2
NH4Cl
![Page 7: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Oxidation NumbersOxidation Numbers
• A positive or negative sign used to show what type of ion is formed after an atom has gained or lost enough electrons to be chemically stable
• Written like a charge sign (upper right)
• Always included with a list of polyatomic ions
![Page 8: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
BASE OXIDATION NUMBERS BY GROUP
+1 0
+2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1
USE ROMAN NUMERALS
![Page 9: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Oxidation #s – cont’dOxidation #s – cont’d• Transition metals have more than one
oxidation number!!!!• Fe[III] = Fe+3 = Iron with +3 oxidation number• Fe[II] = Fe+2 = Iron with +2 oxidation number
• Mn[II] = Mn+2 = Manganese with +2 oxidation number
• Mn[III] = Mn+3 = Manganese with +3 oxidation number
![Page 10: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Making Formulae – Making Formulae – the “Criss-Cross” Methodthe “Criss-Cross” Method
• cation first – write element & oxidation #• anion next – write element & oxidation #• without the + or – sign
• write the oxidation # from one symbolon the other as a subscript
• remember to add parentheses aroundpolyatomic ions
• don’t write the #1, it is implied• reduce any evenly-divisible subscripts
![Page 11: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Practice Practice What is the correct formula for a bond between… Carbon and Hydrogen?
1.CH C2H2 CH3
2.C2H3 CH4
Sodium and Nitrogen?
1.NaN Na2N2Na3N
2.Na2N3 Na3N4
Calcium and Chlorine?
1.CaCl Ca2Cl2 Ca2Cl
2.CaCl2 Ca3Cl4
![Page 12: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Practice – cont’dPractice – cont’dWhat is the correct formula for a bond
between… Sodium and Hydroxide (OH) ?
[hint: figure out the leftover charge from combining an oxygen an a hydrogen]
1.NaOH Na(OH)2 Na(OH)3
2.Na2(OH)3 Na(OH)4
Aluminum and Sulfate (SO4) ?1.AlSO4 Al2(SO4)2 Al2(SO4)3
2.Al3(SO4)3 Al(SO4)4
![Page 13: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature
• Naming a two-part name
• Used to differentiate between Fluorine (an element) and Fluoride (part of a compound)
• Never change the name of a Polyatomic Ion• Big difference between Sulfide and Sulfite
![Page 14: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Naming Ionic CompoundsNaming Ionic Compounds
• List the positive ion (or metal) first• ***Use Roman Numerals to show the Oxidation
number of a transition metal
• Name the negative ion (or nonmetal), changing the ending to –ide• “Oxide”
• “Sulfide”
• “Phosphide”
• Ex: FeO / Fe2O3
• = Iron II Oxide / Iron III Oxide
![Page 15: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Naming Polyatomic Naming Polyatomic CompoundsCompounds
• Compound is polyatomic if there are more than 2 elements You will be given the names for common polyatomics.
Still only 2 words in the name• first term = positive ion name • second term = negative ion name
• if second term is NOT a polyatomic, change ending to -ide
• if the second term is a negative polyatomic, do NOT change the ending
![Page 16: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Naming Covalent CompoundsNaming Covalent Compounds• Prefixes are used to show how many of which
atoms• = number terms from Greek / Latin
• Write the name of the cation [or most positive]• only add a prefix for the first atom if
there is more than one
• Write the name of the anion [or most negative]• add a prefix to tell how many are present• change the ending to -ide
![Page 17: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds
• Prefixes are used to show how many of which atoms
• Prefixes are number-words from Greek & Latin
• Write the name of the first atom• Add a prefix only if there is more than one of the
first• Write the name of the second atom
• Add a prefix showing how many of the second are present
• Change the ending to -ide
![Page 18: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Numbering PrefixesNumbering Prefixes
1 – Mono-
2 – Di-
3 – Tri-
4 – Tetra-,
5 – Penta-
6 – Hexa-
7 – Hepta-
8 – Octa-
9 – Nona-
10 – Deka-
![Page 19: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What is the name for NWhat is the name for N22OO44??
1. Nitrogen Oxide
2. Dinitrogen Oxide
3. Dinitrogen Dioxide
4. Dinitrogen Tetraoxide
5. Nioxx (Nioxalate)
![Page 20: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What is the name for NaWhat is the name for Na22S?S?
1. Sodium Sulfide
2. Sodium Sulfite
3. Sodium Sulfate
4. Disodium Sulfide
5. Disodium Sulfate
![Page 21: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What is the name for What is the name for COCO22??
1. Carbon Oxide
2. Carbon Dioxide
3. Monocarbon Oxide
4. Monocarbon Dioxide
5. Mi-Bref (B-hot)
![Page 22: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What is the name for (What is the name for (NHNH44))22O?O?
1. Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxide
2. Mononitrogen Tetrahydrogen Oxide
3. Ammonium Oxide
4. Diammonium Oxide
5. Ammonium Oxalate
![Page 23: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Practice Practice
• What is the name for N2O4?• non-metal + non-metal…so covalent
• Dinitrogen Tetraoxide
• What is the name for Na2S?• metal + non-metal = ionic
• Sodium Sulfide
• What is the name for CO2?• non-metal + non-metal = covalent
• Carbon Dioxide
![Page 24: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Practice – cont’dPractice – cont’d
• What is the name for (NH4)2O?[hint: you need to know what (NH4) is…]• Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxide• Mononitrogen Tetrahydrogen Oxide• Ammonium Oxide• Diammonium Oxide• Ammonium Oxalate
CORRECT!!!!
![Page 25: Naming & Calculating Chemical Compounds Unit3 – Lecture 2](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e185503460f94b04e58/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Practice – cont’dPractice – cont’d