naming and writing compunds

8/13/2019 Naming and Writing Compunds

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NAMING AND WRITING FORMULA

OF COMPOUNDS


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Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 13 Group15

Group16

Group17

ValenceElectrons 1 2 3 5 6 7

Electronsneeded 1+

2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1-

H-

Li+ Be2+ N3- O2- F-

Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ P3- S2- Cl-

K+ Ca2+ Ga3+ Se2- Br-

Rb+ Sr2+ In3+ Te2- I-


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Oxidation Number apparent charge

represents the charge that an atomwould have if electrons were transferredcompletely to the atom with the greaterattraction for them in a given situation.

can be used to predict the ratio by whichatoms will combine when they formcompounds.


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METAL AND A NON METAL(Ionic Compound) Binary Compound - consist of two elements.

Cationa positively charged ion

Aniona negatively charged ion

FIXED OXIDATION NUMBER(Groups

No. 1A-8A)

metal+ root word of the + - ide

non-metal


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Examples:

I. Give the name of the following:

1. NaF

2. K2O

3. CaSeII. Write the formula for:

1. sodium bromide

2. calcium oxide3. sodium phosphide


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Cu+ Cuprous or Copper (I) Mn2+ Manganous or Manganese (II)

Cu2+ Cupric or Copper (II) Mn3+ Manganic or Manganese (III)

Hg+ Mercurous or Mercury (I) Pb2+ Plumbous or Lead (II)

Hg2+ Mercuric or Mercury (II) Pb4+ Plumbic or Lead (IV)

Au+ Aurous or Gold (I) Sn2+ Stannous or Tin (II)

Au3+ Auric or Gold (III) Sn4+ Stannic or Tin (IV)

Co2+ Cobaltous or Cobalt (II) Sb3+ Antimonous or Antimony (III)

Co3+ Cobaltic or Cobalt (III) Sb5+ Antimonic or Antimony (V)

Cr2+ Chromous or Chromium (II) As3+ Arsenous or Arsenic (III)

Cr3+ Chromic or Chromium (III) As5+ Arsenic or Arsenic (V)

Fe2+ Ferrous or Iron (II)

Fe3+

Ferric or Iron (III)

VARIABLE OXIDATION NUMBER(Groups No. 3B-12B) Stock System- the oxidation number of the metal is

indicated by a roman numeral in parenthesis. Classical System- the suffixesous andic are used to

denote the lower and higher oxidation states respectively.


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Examples:

Write the correct formula and give the

name of the compound formed byeach of the following pairs of ions.

1. As5+and Cl-

2. Pb2+and F-3. Co3+and Br-

metal + root word of the + - ide

(Stock or Classical) non-metal

Self-Check

p 119


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Ternary Compounds - formed same way

as binary compounds

Polyatomic ion

is a stable group of

atoms that carries an overall electrical

charge; atoms in polyatomic ions are bonded

together by covalent bonds; one or more groupcarries a positive or negative charge.

metal+ polyatomic ion


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FORMULAS AND CHARGES OF COMMON POLYATOMIC IONSName Formula Charge

Ammonium

Nitrite

NitratePermanganate

Hypochlorite

Chrorite

Chlorate

Chromite

CyanideCyanate

Perchlorate

Hydroxide

Bicarbonate or hydrogen carbonate

Acetate

Sulfite

SulfateCarbonate

Chromate

Dichromate

Oxalate

Phosphite

Phosphate

Borate

NH4

NO2

NO3MnO4

ClO

ClO2

ClO3

CrO2

CNCNO

ClO4

OH

HCO3

C2H3O2or Ac

SO3

SO4CO3

CrO4

Cr2O7

C2O4

PO3

PO4

BO3

+1

-1

-1-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-2

-2-2

-2

-2

-2

-3

-3

-3


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Examples:


1. KClO4

2. Ca(HCO3)23. Na2C2O4

II. Write the correct formula for:

1. potassium sulfate

2. barium nitrate

3. copper (II) chlorite Self-Checkp 120


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Non metal AND A NONMETAL

(Covalent Compound)Greek + non- metal+ Greek + root word of the + - ide

prefix prefix non-metal

Greek Prefix Number Greek Prefix Number

Mono- 1 Hexa- 6Di- 2 Hepta- 7

Tri- 3 Octa- 8

Tetra- 4 Nona- 9

Penta- 5 Deca- 10

GREEK PREFIXES USED IN NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS


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Examples:


1. S2F6

2. N2O4

3. NO

II. Write the correct formula for:1. carbon dioxide

2. dinitrogen pentoxide

3. boron trifluoride Self-Checkp 128


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HYDROGEN AND A NONMETAL

Binary Compound - release hydrogen ions (H+)

when dissolved; leading Hs in formula are acidic

hydrogens.

PURE FORM

hydrogen + root word of the + - ide

non-metal


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AQUEOUS FORM

hydro- + root word of the + -ic + acid

non-metal

Examples:

I. Give the name of the following:1. H2SandH2S(aq)

2. HCl and HCl(aq)

3. HF and HF(aq)

II. Write the correct formula for:1. hydrobromic acid

2. hydrogen iodide

3. hydroiodic acid


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Ternary Acid(Oxyacid) acids

containing three ormore elements andoxygen is alwayspresent.

root word of the + -ic/- ou s + acid

anion

Common Anion Formula Charge

Borate BO3 -3

Carbonate CO3 -2

Nitrate NO3 -1Nitrite NO2 -1

Phosphate PO4 -3

Phosphite PO3 -3

Sulfate SO4 -2

Sulfite SO3 -2

Perchlorate ClO4 -1

Chlorate ClO3 -1

Chlorite ClO2 -1

Hypochlorite ClO -1

Permanganate MnO4 -1


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Examples:

I. Name the following ternary oxy- acids:

1. H3BO3

2. H2CO3

3. H2SO3

II. Write the chemical formula of the following:

1. hypochlorous acid

2. nitric acid

3. phosphoric acid


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METAL AND HYDROXIDE(Base)

Examples:

I. Name the following bases:

1. NaOH

2. Mg(OH)2

3. Ba(OH)2

II. Write the chemical formula of the following:

1. potassium hydroxide

2. calcium hydroxide

3. aluminum hydroxide

metal + hydroxide


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HYDRATESHydrates water in addition compounds.

Hydration process whereby water molecules

are attracted to solute particles.Hydrated Ions ions surrounded by water

molecules.

binary/ternary compound + + Greek + hydrate

prefix


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Examples:


1. CuSO45H2O

2. MgCl26H2O

3. Na2SO4

10H2OII. Write the formula for:1. zinc chloride hexahydrate

2. calcium phosphate dihydrate3. copper (I) chloride pentahydrate


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Thank you forbearing withme!

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