DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A

VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE FOR URBAN SITE

Name: SAKTHINIVASHAN.S

Branch: ME (Energy Engineering) PT

Name of Guide : Dr. VENKATARAMANAN

Designation: Assistant Professor (Senior),

Mechanical Engineering Dept,

CEG, Anna university, Chennai-25.

Designation : Engineer, LAC

Company Name: VESTAS WIND TECHNOLOGY R&D, Chennai Pvt

Ltd.,

Company Web Address: http://www.vestas.com1

AIM To Design a Vertical axis Wind Turbine for urban site

Designed turbine should be capable of

1) operating at low wind velocity

2) Withstanding high turbulence

3) Minimizing the material and

fabrication cost

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METHODOLOGY

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METHODOLOGY

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Right now

the work is in

this stage

PROJECT APPROACH

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Right now

This stage has

been completed

WHY AXIAL FLUX GENERATOR?

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• Design of proposed wind turbine using Pro-E

• Design calculations are formulated for the turbine

development

WORK DONE- (ALL ARE FROM THE SCRAP)

7Unexpected output Power

DEVELOPMENT OF AXIAL FLUX ALTERNATOR

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Initial generator winding designed in Pro-

E Model

Redesigned generator winding, with

ellipse shape

• Above design does not utilize maximum

magnetic flux.

• Passing over the curved surface reduces the

induced current in the coil

DEVELOPMENT OF AXIAL FLUX ALTERNATOR

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Redesigned stator pattern

Initial stator pattern

SIMPLE TEST

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Voltage in a single coil

Two coils connected in series and tested18 coils connected in series

DEVELOPMENT OF AXIAL FLUX ALTERNATOR

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REDESIGNED STATOR

ROTOR WITH MAGNETS

BLADE DEVELOPMENT ( LIFT+DRAG DESIGN )

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Template used as the profile of the bade

Dimensions in cm, scaled 1:2

COMPLETED TURBINE

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WORKS AHEAD

Power Performance evaluation

Optimization techniques

Cost of energy produced

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POWER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

1) Measure o/p parameters from

prototype.

2) Obtain ideal performance machine o/p

parameters.

3) η of the prototype developed(by

comparing both).

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STEPS TO BE CARRIED OUT

OBTAIN IDEAL PERFORMANCE MACHINE’S O/P PARAMETERS

Prepared an excel sheet to get it done

Sorted out the simple practically used

formulas in wind industry.

Arrived power curve by having very min input

datas.

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EXCEL SHEET FOR POWER ANALYSIS IN IDEAL MACHINE

IO (INPUT/OUTPUT)

GERERATOR

TURBINE

POWER CURVES

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PHASES

IO (INPUT/OUTPUT)

Input parameters required,

Turbine Specs

TSR peak

TSR max

Peak efficiency

Height

Diameter

Area

RPM Step

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GERERATOR

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Coil voltage (V) = k / Speed in RPM

K= voltage drawn/ RPM

Current (I) = (V - Battery volt - Diode drop volt) / Resistance

I = V/R

Consumed Power by Battery= V*I

P= V*I

Delivered Power by Battery= Battery volt * I

η = DP / CP

TURBINE

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A2=(TSR Peak / Peak η).

A1= 2 * A2

A0= 0

Peak η= Cp

IF TSR ≤ TSR Peak,

A2 * TSR(TSR+A1)(TSR+A2)(TSR+A0)

IF TSR < TSR Max,

A2 * TSR(TSR+A1)(TSR+A2)(TSR+A0)

POWER CURVE FOR IDEAL MACHINE

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Turbine Specs 1st Part 2nd Part

TSR peak 0.6 a2 -69.4444 a2 -69.4444

TSR max 1.2 a1 83.33333 a1 83.33333

Height 0.426509 m a0 0 a0 0

Diameter 0.3048 m

Area 0.13 m^2

Air Dens 1.22 kg/m^3

Wind Speed: 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 m/s

2.2 4.5 6.7 8.9 11.2 13.4 15.7 17.9 20.1 22.4 24.6 mph

Power Available: 0.1 0.6 2.1 5.1 9.9 17.1 27.2 40.6 57.8 79.3 105.5 Watts

RPM Step 6

Speed Tip Speed Power Curves TSR's:

RPM m/s Watts

0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

6 0.10 0.005823 0.024302 0.055436 0.099226 0.155672 0.224773 0.30653 0.400943 0.508012 0.627736 0.760117 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.02

12 0.19 0.010636 0.046583 0.107842 0.194412 0.306294 0.443487 0.605992 0.793808 1.006935 1.245374 1.509124 0.19 0.10 0.06 0.05

18 0.29 0.014439 0.066845 0.157219 0.285559 0.451867 0.656142 0.898384 1.178593 1.496769 1.852913 2.247024 0.29 0.14 0.10 0.07

24 0.38 0.017232 0.085088 0.203566 0.372667 0.592391 0.862737 1.183707 1.555299 1.977515 2.450353 2.973814 0.38 0.19 0.13 0.10

30 0.48 0.019016 0.10131 0.246883 0.455735 0.727865 1.063273 1.461961 1.923927 2.449171 3.037694 3.689496 0.48 0.24 0.16 0.12

36 0.57 0.019789 0.115513 0.287171 0.534763 0.858289 1.25775 1.733145 2.284475 2.911739 3.614937 4.394069 0.57 0.29 0.19 0.14

42 0.67 0.019553 0.127696 0.324429 0.609752 0.983665 1.446168 1.997261 2.636944 3.365217 4.18208 5.087533 0.67 0.34 0.22 0.17

48 0.77 0.018307 0.137859 0.358657 0.680701 1.103991 1.628526 2.254307 2.981334 3.809607 4.739125 5.769889 0.77 0.38 0.26 0.19

54 0.86 0.016051 0.146003 0.389856 0.747611 1.219267 1.804825 2.504284 3.317645 4.244907 5.286071 6.441136 0.86 0.43 0.29 0.22

60 0.96 0.012785 0.152126 0.418025 0.810481 1.329494 1.975065 2.747192 3.645877 4.671119 5.822918 7.101274 0.96 0.48 0.32 0.24

66 1.05 0.008509 0.15623 0.443165 0.869312 1.434672 2.139245 2.983031 3.96603 5.088242 6.349666 7.750304 1.05 0.53 0.35 0.26

72 1.15 0.003223 0.158314 0.465274 0.924103 1.5348 2.297366 3.211801 4.278104 5.496276 6.866316 8.388225 1.15 0.57 0.38 0.29

78 1.24 0 0.158379 0.484355 0.974855 1.629879 2.449428 3.433501 4.582099 5.89522 7.372867 9.015037 1.24 0.62 0.41 0.31

84 1.34 0 0.156423 0.500405 1.021567 1.719909 2.595431 3.648132 4.878014 6.285076 7.869319 9.630741 1.34 0.67 0.45 0.34

90 1.44 0 0.152448 0.513426 1.064239 1.804889 2.735374 3.855695 5.165851 6.665843 8.355672 10.23534 1.44 0.72 0.48 0.36

96 1.53 0 0.146453 0.523417 1.102873 1.884819 2.869258 4.056188 5.445609 7.037522 8.831926 10.82882 1.53 0.77 0.51 0.38

102 1.63 0 0.138439 0.530379 1.137466 1.959701 2.997082 4.249611 5.717287 7.400111 9.298081 11.4112 1.63 0.81 0.54 0.41

108 1.72 0 0.128404 0.534311 1.16802 2.029533 3.118848 4.435966 5.980887 7.753611 9.754138 11.98247 1.72 0.86 0.57 0.43

114 1.82 0 0.11635 0.535213 1.194535 2.094315 3.234554 4.615251 6.236408 8.098022 10.2001 12.54263 1.82 0.91 0.61 0.45

120 1.92 0 0.102276 0.533086 1.21701 2.154048 3.344201 4.787468 6.483849 8.433345 10.63595 13.09168 1.92 0.96 0.64 0.48

126 2.01 0 0.086182 0.527929 1.235445 2.208732 3.447788 4.952615 6.723211 8.759578 11.06171 13.62962 2.01 1.01 0.67 0.50

132 2.11 0 0.068069 0.519742 1.249841 2.258366 3.545316 5.110693 6.954495 9.076723 11.47738 14.15646 2.11 1.05 0.70 0.53

138 2.20 0 0.047936 0.508526 1.260198 2.302951 3.636785 5.261701 7.177699 9.384778 11.88294 14.67218 2.20 1.10 0.73 0.55

144 2.30 0 0.025783 0.49428 1.266514 2.342486 3.722195 5.405641 7.392824 9.683745 12.2784 15.1768 2.30 1.15 0.77 0.57

150 2.39 0 0.00161 0.477004 1.268792 2.376972 3.801545 5.542511 7.599871 9.973623 12.66377 15.67031 2.39 1.20 0.80 0.60

156 2.49 0 0 0.456699 1.26703 2.406409 3.874836 5.672313 7.798838 10.25441 13.03903 16.1527 2.49 1.24 0.83 0.62

162 2.59 0 0 0.433364 1.261228 2.430796 3.942068 5.795045 7.989726 10.52611 13.4042 16.624 2.59 1.29 0.86 0.65

168 2.68 0 0 0.407 1.251387 2.450134 4.003241 5.910708 8.172535 10.78872 13.75927 17.08418 2.68 1.34 0.89 0.67

174 2.78 0 0 0.377606 1.237506 2.464422 4.058354 6.019301 8.347265 11.04224 14.10424 17.53325 2.78 1.39 0.93 0.69

180 2.87 0 0 0.345182 1.219586 2.473661 4.107408 6.120826 8.513916 11.28668 14.43911 17.97121 2.87 1.44 0.96 0.72

186 2.97 0 0 0.309729 1.197626 2.477851 4.150402 6.215281 8.672488 11.52202 14.76388 18.39807 2.97 1.48 0.99 0.74

192 3.06 0 0 0.271246 1.171627 2.476991 4.187338 6.302668 8.822981 11.74828 15.07856 18.81382 3.06 1.53 1.02 0.77

198 3.16 0 0 0.229733 1.141588 2.471081 4.218214 6.382985 8.965394 11.96544 15.38313 19.21846 3.16 1.58 1.05 0.79

204 3.26 0 0 0.18519 1.107509 2.460123 4.243031 6.456233 9.099729 12.17352 15.67761 19.61199 3.26 1.63 1.09 0.81

210 3.35 0 0 0.137618 1.069392 2.444115 4.261788 6.522411 9.225985 12.37251 15.96198 19.99441 3.35 1.68 1.12 0.84

216 3.45 0 0 0.087017 1.027234 2.423057 4.274486 6.581521 9.344162 12.56241 16.23626 20.36572 3.45 1.72 1.15 0.86

222 3.54 0 0 0.033386 0.981037 2.39695 4.281125 6.633561 9.454259 12.74322 16.50044 20.72592 3.54 1.77 1.18 0.89

228 3.64 0 0 0 0.930801 2.365794 4.281705 6.678533 9.556278 12.91494 16.75452 21.07502 3.64 1.82 1.21 0.91

234 3.73 0 0 0 0.876525 2.329588 4.276225 6.716435 9.650217 13.07757 16.9985 21.413 3.73 1.87 1.24 0.93

240 3.83 0 0 0 0.818209 2.288333 4.264686 6.747267 9.736078 13.23112 17.23238 21.73988 3.83 1.92 1.28 0.96

246 3.93 0 0 0 0.755854 2.242029 4.247088 6.771031 9.813859 13.37557 17.45617 22.05565 3.93 1.96 1.31 0.98

252 4.02 0 0 0 0.68946 2.190675 4.22343 6.787726 9.883561 13.51094 17.66985 22.36031 4.02 2.01 1.34 1.01

258 4.12 0 0 0 0.619026 2.134272 4.193713 6.797351 9.945185 13.63721 17.87344 22.65386 4.12 2.06 1.37 1.03

264 4.21 0 0 0 0.544552 2.072819 4.157937 6.799907 9.998729 13.7544 18.06693 22.9363 4.21 2.11 1.40 1.05

270 4.31 0 0 0 0.466039 2.006317 4.116102 6.795394 10.04419 13.8625 18.25032 23.20764 4.31 2.15 1.44 1.08

276 4.40 0 0 0 0.383486 1.934765 4.068207 6.783812 10.08158 13.96151 18.42361 23.46786 4.40 2.20 1.47 1.10

282 4.50 0 0 0 0.296894 1.858164 4.014253 6.765161 10.11089 14.05143 18.5868 23.71698 4.50 2.25 1.50 1.13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 100 200 300 400

CHENNAI WIND CONDITION

TIME m/s

10 :00 AM 2.3

11:00 AM 4.9

12:00 PM 5.3

1 :00 PM 6.8

2:00 PM 1.3

3:00 PM 1.2

4 :00 PM 1.7

5:00 PM 2.8

6:00 PM 4.7

7:00 PM 5.9

8:00 PM 7.2

9:00 PM 6.7

10:00 PM 5.8

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O/P OF IDEAL MACHINE

24

Pow

er

(Watts)

Speed RPM

O/P OF THE PROTOTYPE

SPEED COIL VOLTAGE

15 0.53

27 0.97

48 1.02

86 3.05

107 4.58

119 9.16

123 11.53

139 13.74

167 15.21

197 16.34

203 18.02

230 21.45

248 24.78

267 25.67

25

Volts (

V)

Speed RPM

PUBLICATIONSWon 2nd Best paper award in the

national level conference on resent

trends in Mechanical Engineering

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REFERENCES

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WIND ENERGY HANDBOOK by Tony Burton,Wind Energy Consultant,

Carno, UK,David Sharpe CREST, Loughborough University, UK,

Nick Jenkins,UMIST, Manchester, UK,Ervin Bossanyi ,Garrad Hassan &

Partners, Bristol, UK.

Wind Energy Explained Theory, Design and ApplicationJ.F. Manwell, J,G.

McGowan and A,L. RogersUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.

Informative websites;

THANK YOU

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