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Finding Capital In Difficult Times Steve Solomon MBA FCIB DIP(FS) Senior Commercial Director RBS PLC Central London Region 280 Bishopsgate The contents of this presentation do not purport to provide any financial, investment or professional advice and nothing on the pages of this presentation shall be deemed to constitute the offer or provision of financial, investment or other professional advice in any way.

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Page 1: Cima presentation pg

Finding Capital In Difficult Times

Steve Solomon MBA FCIB DIP(FS)

Senior Commercial Director

RBS PLC

Central London Region

280 Bishopsgate

The contents of this presentation do not purport to provide any financial, investment or professional advice and nothing on the pages of this presentation shall be deemed to constitute the offer or provision of financial, investment or other professional advice in any way.

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Agenda

• Introduction

• Cash flow – What does the picture look like?

• Cash flow strategy

• Debtors & Creditors

• Understanding your cash flow cycle

• Stock

• So what are the Cash management financial tools available & their use

• Debt V Equity

• Financial Risk Management strategies

• Summary

• Questions & Answers

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The greatest influences on deterioration in cash flow position

Source Ipsos MORI

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Customer taking longerto pay

Fall in new business

Rising input prices

Having to cut prices

Increase in amount ofbad debt

Increased cost offinance

Credit insurance beingdeclined

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Do you have a Cash Flow Strategy in place?

• Ipsos Mori study undertaken in March 2009 of a cross section of leaders of SME’s defined as having a turnover of between £250,000 & £25m

• 61% interviewed say their cash flow positions has deteriorated• 78% said their cash flow was good enough to see them through the next 6 months• 10% had serious concerns

• 29% have taken no action with respect to cash flow• 44% have introduced one specific measure to improve cash flow• 20% have put in place a multi-action strategy• 7% don’t know, or gave no answer

• Most common actions were “defensive” measures with respect to how they deal with customers, including more active debt chasing, asking for payment up front, and an increased use of credit checking. Others included cost cutting, some companies had gone on the offensive taking up the opportunity to market more aggressively in the hope of picking up market share.

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Your in house credit control

• Debtors• What systems do you employ to check out the financial strength of your customers?

Increased used of credit checks is vital• Have you revised/renegotiated your terms of trade?• Why give customers credit? • If so have you reduced the credit terms available?• Consider offering a cash discount for payment up front 90% cash is always better than 100%

of an unpaid invoice • Do you immediately take/threaten legal action on bad debts• Do you charge late payment penalties

• Creditors • What terms of trade can you negotiate?• Will you receive discounts for cash purchases or prompt payment

• Your In house credit controller/team can be one of the best assets your business has, how much do you rely on them, and what risk would there be to your business if you lost them?

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Cash flow Cycle

• Do you have a cash flow forecast, if so how often is it updated?

• How do you track your cash flow v projections?

• In some sectors managing the cash flow cycle can eliminate/reduce the need for borrowing any money

• If you Purchased goods for say £100,000 with 30 days credit given

• & you sell them immediately for cash/cheque for £125,000

• Your cash flow will have an injection of £125,000 until the date you need to pay your supplier

Days 0 10 20 30 35

Cash in 125000

Cash Out -100000

Positive Cash Cycle 125000 125000 125000 125000 25000

The key benefit here is that you are using the cash flow cycle to reduce your own working capital requirements

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Stock

• Does your business need to carry stock?

• Can you introduce a just in time policy?

• Can your product be shipped direct from the manufacturer to your customer?

• What controls do you have in place for ordering stock, do your people understand the impact carrying large amounts of stock will have on your cash flow?

• Do you have retention of title clause in your invoices?

• How often does your stock turnover, and how accurately do you measure your stock turn?

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The cash management Instruments commonly available

• Asset Finance

• Invoice Finance

• Commercial Loans

• Enterprise Finance Guarantee Scheme

• European Investment Bank Scheme

• Debenture Lending

• Overdraft Facilities

• Company Cards

• Structured Debt Solutions

• Venture Capital & Equity Finance

• Directors Injection

• Capital Instruments - Hedging

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Use of cash management financial tools

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Overdraft Facility

Credit Cards

Secured Loans

Vehicle Leasing

Unsecured Loans

Invoice discounting

Long term high interest deposits

Loans from directors/shareholders

Factoring

Asset Finance

Sale and leaseback

Technology leasing

Source Ipsos MORI

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Asset Finance

• Cash flow for your business - leasing helps preserve cash needed to support your working capital requirements.

• The asset finance company takes the risk, not you – they take future asset risk on a variety of asset categories, protecting you from falling values.

• Known, fixed costs - better for budgeting and no surprises for your cash flow.

• No depreciation worries - certain asset finance methods remove the risk of depreciation.

• Smarter working capital - leasing allows you to use your capital in areas that add value to your business.

• Various options – Contract Hire, Finance Lease, Operating lease, sale & leaseback(increasingly popular), car & van finance

• Both Asset & invoice finance are merely a refinement of debenture lending principles

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Invoice Finance

• Debt factoring. Invoice factoring, invoice discounting, asset based lending. The theme remains the same: Invoice finance companies turn your unpaid invoices, inventory or assets into cash – which you can put to work immediately.

• With factoring, the invoice finance company process payments and deal directly with the clients who owe you money.

• With Confidential invoice discounting your business would have to perform all these functions. Factoring is an added-value service that is particularly useful for companies that don’t want to bring these functions in house.

• They are separate from other funding streams, opening up a whole new line of credit. Plus there is the potential to release security such as personal or company assets – removing some of the stress of running a business. Both options also allow you to have protection against bad debts

• They can improve cash flow turning Debtors into cash up to a maximum of 90%• This could help you fund an acquisition without the need for personal security – or simply

facilitate a deal that would otherwise prove impossible. It could also provide the day-to-day funds you need in order to buy raw materials or pay wages

• They can also help you trade overseas & collect debts• If you are thinking of a management buy-out or management buy-in Invoice finance can

often use the sales ledger to help raise the funds you need, often avoiding the need for personal security or external funding

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Commercial Loans

• Suitable if you are looking to expand your premises, build new premises or fund a property purchase.

• Interest rate options - choose from fixed and variable interest rates • Up to 25 year repayment terms - giving you the flexibility you need • £26,000 minimum loan amount - and no maximum loan amount • Borrow up to 70%-80% of the purchase price - or of the open market value, whichever is

lower • Pay interest on what you need - staged drawdown options allow you to withdraw funds as

and when you need them, reducing the amount of interest you pay • Sale & leaseback increasingly seen as a way to manage property estate• Flexible repayment options• Help your cash flow with a capital repayment holiday• Capital and interest repayment holiday option. • Make lump sum reductions to save on the interest you pay. • Increasingly linked to Libor rather than base rate

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Enterprise Finance Guarantee Scheme

• Under this scheme, the UK Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform (BERR), will guarantee 75% of your loan - which means you don't need a large amount of security to back your borrowing. The bank will take a Personal Guarantee for the 25%

• Enterprise Finance Guarantee benefits

• Variable or fixed interest rates - giving you the choice you need available for businesses turning over up to £25m

• £1,000,000 maximum loan - the minimum amount is £1,000 (£26,000 for Fixed Rate Loans)

• 3 month minimum term - and a maximum term of 10 years

• Drawdown options to suit your business - you can receive your funds in stages, to suit the cycles of your business

• Payment holidays - you can ask for a capital repayment holiday of up to three years. During the holiday period, interest will continue to accrue and be applied quarterly. You will be required to lodge funds to meet interest applications during the agreed capital holiday period

• If you qualify for the BERR guarantee and take a loan under the Enterprise Finance Guarantee scheme, you need to pay a premium to BERR. Paid quarterly to aid cashflow, the premium is based on 2% per annum on the reducing loan balance

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European Investment Bank Loans

• A number of the Uk Banks have entered into an agreement with the European Investment Bank, which enables them to offer a preferential price to qualifying customers who are seeking loan finance for an eligible purpose.

• For a limited time, they are able to offer a discount from their usual pricing for Business Term Loan borrowing.

• Key scheme criteria are:• Loan amounts £26,000 to £500,000 (although higher amounts can be considered) • Loan term of between 2 – 25 years • Discount of 0.6% of negotiated Interest rate terms• Funds can be used for many purposes, including asset purchase, permanent increases to working capital,

or research & development costs. • Applicants must not employ more than 250 employees, and be considered autonomous/independent of

parent companies• Loans can be granted to businesses in most sectors (except those associated with property development

for sale, property investment, the purchase of farm land, weapons & ammunition, gambling & related equipment, tobacco-related businesses, use of live animals for scientific purposes, or any business which is considered morally or ethically controversial)

• Borrowers must also agree that (a) upon reasonable notice they will permit representatives of the EIB to inspect all sites, installations and works that comprise the project which is the subject of the loan; and (b) following a request by the EIB, we may give any information about the Facility, Project or Borrower to the European Investment Bank.

• Loans are subject to status and the decision to lend rests with the Bank. The EIB is unable to intervene in any matter regarding the Bank’s credit assessment of an applicant.

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Overdraft Facilities

• Provided for working capital facilities & for any amount, however expensive for banks to provide if customers do not utilise facilities, as they have to put capital aside to cover the obligation .

• They are flexible – you can agree an overdraft for any period up to one year. Facilities tend to be committed & are no longer “repayable on demand”

• Interest calculated daily - the variable interest rate is linked to base rate. Interest is charged to your account quarterly.

• Currency options - arrange your overdraft in a variety of currencies.

• Annual fee at outset & upon renewal.

• Pricing will vary depending upon the financial performance of your business, a lot of uk banks have a price promise in place for existing customers so that the terms will not be revised upwards unless the risk significantly increases.

• Facilities can be secured or unsecured & Banks will increasingly look to tie in Directors of limited companies at the very least with a personal guarantee to support the overdraft facility.

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Company Credit Cards

• A company credit card can be crucial to your business purchasing and expense management arrangements & manage your cash flow & control expenditure

• Most card co’s can integrate with your finance systems through with 24/7 access to transaction data, & allows you to streamline your expense management processes, potentially saving you time and resource.

• You can monitor and track how much employees spend, on what and where. Additionally you can control cardholder and transaction limits, and apply merchant category group blocking, allowing you to more effectively control expenditure.

• You can use a company card to manage the peaks and troughs of cash flow. Suppliers can be paid in three to four days, while you can enjoy an interest-free credit period of up to 38 days.

• As your business grows, company credit cards can grow too. It’s easy to issue cards to other employees.

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Directors/Shareholders Injection

• One of the easiest ways to raise finance can often be through Directors/shareholders themselves injecting funds direct into the business by loan.

• Another key way to grow the business rapidly is to retain the profits within the business & then place these funds on short/medium & long term deposit accounts. Very difficult with base rates so low to generate a healthy return

• Companies that do not take out all the profits, grow much faster, are able to withstand changes in the economy & their marketplace, can take advantage of opportunities that arise quickly

• Can generate significant discounts by paying cash up front

• Take advantage of opportunities to buy stock in larger quantities

• Build a strong credit profile that enables them to have extended credit terms, in effect creating a virtuous circle

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Debt v Equity

EquityDebt

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Structured Debt Solutions

•The ideal leveraged candidate…

• Strong and predictable cash flow

• Experienced and capable management

• Favourable sector with good market share

• Stable or steady growth in turnover / profitability

• Non-capex intensive

• No major customer concentration

• Track record through difficult economic/trading conditions

• Surplus available assets / security

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The “Management Buy-Out” of A Limited a joint venture with a

French telecoms company

Case Study

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• A Limited were a Joint Venture with a French telecoms company, but the principal management also had over 20 years experience in the mobile phone market

• A Limited were principal suppliers and installers of mobile phone car kits to Corporate clients such as 02 and T-Mobile

• The business banked with Barclays and HBoS were also in the picture

• A credible management team with 25% of the equity were introduced to us by a trusted accountant to provide finance to support their bid of £2.1m for the assets and goodwill of the business.

• They could raise £750k contribution but there was also a substantial working capital requirement

So the story begins…

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• MBO team wanted to raise up to £2m debt facility to purchase the 75% majority stake, with historical results showing

2006 2007 2008

Turnover 5,892k 5,605k 5,955k

Gross Profit 2,198k 2,013k 2,798k

EBIT 772k 820k 1020k

• Operating model for the business was changing with less car kit business and a change to telecom related solutions including installing state of the art equipment in the nation’s ambulance fleet.

• Management had ascertained that underlying EBIT for 2009 would decrease to £979k as a result of challenging trading conditions.

• EBIT of £1.2m had been forecast for 2010 and considered stretching yet achievable by external due diligence

What they needed to borrow…

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Funding explained

• Deal Requirements:

• Purchase Price £2,100k

• Working Capital £500k

• Deal Costs £100k

• Total £2,700k

• Suggested Funding:

• Management Equity £ 750k (28%)

• Term Loan £ 1,200k (44%)

• Invoice Finance £ 750k (28%)

• Total £2,700k

Recent trading and the changing market saw the bank assess the management equity at 28% as a little light and this was bolstered by a PG of £400k Total Debt to 2008 EBIT 1.9 times

Current term for repayment geared to 4 years & working on 2 x EBITDA

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Structured Debts solutions approach

• The Bank liked the business – strong growthgrowth potential, stablestable operating model, impressive management plus a diversifying and growing customer base

• Profitability spread across 4 major income streams and they were embedded with those clients

• The Bank remained concerned about client concentration but tailored our deal to the visibility of future earnings

• The Bank clarified that the ambulance contract would extend for 3 years and the 02 contract would get a two year extension

• The Bank presented to the clients exactly how we would deal with the various stages of the transaction

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Venture Capital & Equity Finance

• Venture capital is a type of private equity capital typically provided to early-stage, high-potential, growth companies in the interest of generating a return through an eventual realization event such as an IPO or trade sale of the company.

• Venture capital investments are generally made as cash in exchange for shares in the invested company. It is typical for venture capital investors to identify and back companies in high technology industries such as biotechnology and ICT (information and communication technology) & Internet start ups.

• Venture capital is most attractive for new companies with limited operating history that are too small to raise capital in the public markets and are too immature to secure a bank loan or complete a debt offering.

• In exchange for the high risk that venture capitalists assume by investing in smaller and less mature companies, venture capitalists usually get significant control over company decisions, in addition to a significant portion of the company's ownership (and consequently value).

• Because investments are illiquid and require 3-7 years to harvest, venture capitalists take an active interest in their investment to increase the likelihood of reaching an IPO stage when valuations are favourable.

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Venture Capital & Equity Finance

• Venture capitalists typically assist at four stages in the company's development:

• Idea generation;

• Start-up;

• Ramp up; and

• Exit

• There are typically six stages of financing offered in Venture Capital, that roughly correspond to these stages of a company's development.

• Seed Money: Low level financing needed to prove a new idea (Often provided by "angel investors")

• Start-up: Early stage firms that need funding for expenses associated with marketing and product development

• First-Round: Early sales and manufacturing funds

• Second-Round: Working capital for early stage companies that are selling product, but not yet turning a profit

• Third-Round: Also called Mezzanine financing, this is expansion money for a newly profitable company

• Fourth-Round: Also called bridge financing, 4th round is intended to finance the "going public" process

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Capital for Enterprise Fund

• £75m Capital for Enterprise Fund which consists of £50m from the Government and £25m from RBS, Barclays, HSBC, & Lloyds

• The Fund will invest in fundamentally sound UK based SME’s with existing cashflows and genuine Growth potential. But which are currently over geared or unable to access the funding they need. The fund will offer between £200k & £2m of equity or mezzanine finance

• Principle place of business in the UK

• Meet the EU definition of an SME:-

• Small and medium sized business

• Headcount less than 250

• Turnover or balance sheet total less than 50m Euro’s or equivalent

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SME Leaders with financial risk management strategies

1%

25%

74%

Source Ipsos MORI

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

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Common elements of financial risk management strategies

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Agreeing fixed rate loans

Agreeing minimum and maximum rates onloans

Agreeing maximum rates on variable loans

Forward buying of foreign exchange

Credit insurance

Foreign exchange hedging

Time options on foreign exchange

Source Ipsos MORI

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Summary

• 59% of SME’s have a cash management strategy in place

• 47% say that the interest they receive on deposits is important in managing their cash flow

• 25% have a financial risk management strategy in place

• Which category are you in?

• Consider the introduction of a formal financial risk management strategy & have your brightest & best people report back to the main board monthly

• Look at short term, medium term & longer term financing options, incorporate this into your 1, 3 & 5 year strategic plan

Data source Ipsos MORI

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Summary

• Consider hedging or exchange rate tools to increase certainty in costs or revenue streams

• Continue to increase your knowledge of financial tools that can help your business, attend bank presentations to increase knowledge & understanding.

• Meet with your Bank every quarter to discuss your plans and how they can help you achieve them

• The character & ability of the management team is key to unlocking bank funding, not just good financial performance

• The Bank’s do want to help you be successful, our door is wide open & we are happy to discuss confidentially with any company their current funding, & opportunities they would like to pursue.

• Understand fully the terms you are entering & agreeing to, the costs, the term of the facility, , early redemption penalties, the covenants & the impact on your business if interest rates move up and the impact on your cash flow

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A Final Comment

“We cannot leave any stone unturned in our quest to find the

best lending solution to meet our customers & prospective customers

needs both now and in the future”

Stephen Hester

Chief Executive Officer

RBS Plc

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Questions & Answers

Thank you

For any enquiries please contact:

Nicholas Wood7th Floor280 BishopsgateLondon EC2M [email protected]: 0207 672 1966