music time frames - loudoun county public schools...classical (1750 –1820) • homophony dominated...
TRANSCRIPT
-
MUSIC TIME PERIODS
❖Medieval (before 1450)
❖Renaissance (1450 - 1600)
❖ Baroque (1600 - 1750)
❖Classical (1750 - 1820)
❖Romantic (1810 - 1910)
❖ 20th-Century and beyond (1900 – Today)
-
❖ Saint Gregory: credited w/
organizing huge repertory of chant
❖ Difficult to study Medieval music
❖ Notating music developed only
gradually—first examples of musical
notation date around 900; for several
centuries, notation only indicated
what pitch (or note) to sing.
❖ System for notating rhythm
started 12th or 13th century
MEDIEVAL (BEFORE 1450)
Saint Gregory Gregorian Chant
-
❖ Monophonic: music that consists
of only 1 melodic line w/o
accompaniment
❖ Do not know who wrote
Gregorian chant melodies; most likely
changed as it passed down through
generations and eventually reached a
written form.
❖ Neume;
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fe
3QSdTQa7w
GREGORIAN CHANT CON’T
Monophony
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fe3QSdTQa7w
-
❖ German nun who established her
own convent, and was famous for her
prophecies and miracles. In addition to
writing poetry, she wrote books about
religion and medicine – and composed
music
❖ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=LJEfyZSvg5c
❖ Music theorist
❖ Created the musical notation that
placed pitches on lines and spaces
❖ The staff used today!!!
❖ Developed a sight singing method
using syllables to teach chants in a
short time
MORE MEDIEVAL MUSIC!
Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179) Guido of Arezzo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJEfyZSvg5c
-
SAINT HILDEGARD OF
BINGEN
-
GUIDO OF AREZZO
The Guidonian Hand
-
Renaissance
Music
(1450 - 1600)*1440 PP
Polyphony: music where 2 or more
melodic lines are heard at the
same time
Unlike chant, polyphony required
the composer to combine
multiple melodic lines in a pleasing
manner
Composers still devoted to choral
writing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=9yT0kLA6DHA
William Byrd (1543-1623)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yT0kLA6DHA
-
Renaissance Music Con’t
(1450 - 1600)
Example of
Polyphony • Imitation—where 1 melodic
line shares or imitates the
same musical theme
• Important polyphonic
technique of Renaissance
era
• Think of imitation like a
“round”
Giovanni da Palestrina - Nigra sum sed formosa
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fq2xgewoKAo
-
Renaissance Instrumental pieces =
dancing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SvEttR6HTY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SvEttR6HTY
-
CLAUDIO
MONTEVERDI
& THE 1ST
GREAT
OPERA (1607)
• L’Orfeo and Eurydice
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mD16EVxNOM
• Opera: A dramatic work in one or more acts, set to
music for singers and instrumentalists
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mD16EVxNOM
-
Choral music no longer dominated-orchestra evolved
Baroque music is tuneful and very organized; melodies tend to be highly decorated/elaborate
Music's ability to express human emotions and depict natural phenomenon was explored throughout Baroque time
▪ Italian Composer Antonio Vivaldi
▪ Concerto: The Four Seasons
▪ Concerto: a musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra
▪ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRxofEmo3HA
CHARACTERISTICS OF BAROQUE MUSIC
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRxofEmo3HA
-
ANTONIO VIVALDI: MUSICIAN AND COMPOSER
The Four Seasons
-
• New polyphonic (where 2
or more melodic lines are
heard at same time) forms developed:
• Canons/fugues: 2 very
strict forms of imitative
polyphony, were extremely
popular
• German
Composer:
Johann
Sebastian Bach,
Toccata (a musical composition for a
keyboard instrument)
and Fugue in D
minor
• http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=ipzR9bhei_
o
MORE BAROQUE MUSIC!! ☺
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipzR9bhei_o
-
o George FridericHandel’s “Water Music”
o Used for simply enjoyment
o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kuw8YjSbKd4
➢ Homophonicmusic became increasingly important
➢ Definition: All parts of the music are in the same rhythm; think “Same Sounds”
- Polyphonic: Think “Many Sounds”
MORE BAROQUE MUSIC!!! ☺☺
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kuw8YjSbKd4
-
Classical (1750 – 1820)
-
Classical (1750 – 1820)
• Homophony dominated the Classical music style
• Music was much simpler/clearer in texture
• **Sonata Form: extremely important and frequently used (composition w/ three sections 1-exposition, 2-development, and 3-recapitulation)
• Growth of the public concert/growth of the orchestra
• -Opera is still popular
• More lyrical than Baroque; has smooth contour
• Simple rhythms
• Tempo changes used frequently
• Symphony = a Sonata for orchestra
• Chamber Music =small instrumental groups
• Music was written for middle class
-
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
This piece consists of twelve variations on the French folk song "Ah! vous dirai-je, Maman". The French melody first appeared in 1761, and has been used for many children's
songs. Mozart took this song and composed it for piano.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fS7yiD6cz8A
12 Variations in C Major 'Ah vous dirai-je, Maman' K.265
Explain variation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fS7yiD6cz8A
-
Ludwig van Beethoven (German)
“Eroica” and “Symphony 5”
Beethoven’s “Eroica” symphony was his third.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-uEjxxYtHo
Beethoven’s “Symphony 5” is perhaps one of the most well
known pieces to emerge from the transition from Classical to
Romantic music time period.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6z4KK7RWjmk
Orchestra Link:http://www.classicsforkids.com/music/orchestra.asp
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-uEjxxYtHohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6z4KK7RWjmk
-
Romantic (1810-1910)
-
• Romanticism implies fantasy,spontaneity and romance – DUH!
• Musical story-telling became important—in opera andinstrumental music
• Color was another important feature of Romantic music
• New instruments were added to the orchestra
• Composers experimented with ways to get new sounds from existing instruments
• Sound—huge, full orchestra
• Texture—really thick; lots of sounds; lots of changes intexture; more drastic and frequent; very emotional
• Complex harmonies
• Rhythms—more complicated
-
Romantic Music (1810 - 1910)
• Tone-poem: an orchestral piece of music whose structure was entirely based on scenes from a story
• Ballet music becomes important
• Composers wrote music to depict landscapes
Hector Berlioz (French) Symphonie Fantastiquehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cao6WyF-61s
Tchaikovsky (Russian) The Nutcrackerhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow4t3C_gCCY
Claude Debussy (French) Nuages (Clouds)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5d4r7Yt00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cao6WyF-61shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow4t3C_gCCYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5d4r7Yt00
-
Tchaikovsky
-
The 20th Century through Today
-
20th Century
Wide variety of developing styles and techniques.
Composers are becoming more creative in HOW they create the music instead of how the music sounds.
Music starts to become more for the experience and less for the audience
-
Debussy in the 20th
Century• French composer, Debussy helped
develop program music coming out of the Romantic Era.
• Program music: music intended to convey an impression of a definite series of images, scenes, or events
• “La Catherdrale Engloutie” (The Sunken Cathedral)
• Based on the Legend of Ys, “an ancient myth in which a cathedral, submerged underwater off the coast of the Island of Ys, rises up from the sea on clear mornings when the water is transparent. Sounds can be heard of priests chanting, bells chiming, and the organ playing, from across the sea.”
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAVyKDDsM3s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAVyKDDsM3s
-
Arnold Schoenberg
• Started using music that doesn’t revolve any specific “key”
• The music starts sounding awkward and different from what people are used to hearing.
• “Pierrot Lunaire” (1912)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4v3dPG-hec
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4v3dPG-hec
-
Igor Stravinsky• “The Rite of Spring”(1914) is a ballet written to show what primitive
man might have done ceremonially to introduce the coming of Spring.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=rq1q6u3mLSM#t=376
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=rq1q6u3mLSM#t=376
-
George Gershwin
• Started fusing classical music and
American jazz music
• Wrote music that was sort of a
mixture of ALL varieties of
music in America at the time.
• Became vey popular during the
1920’s.
• Wrote the song “Rhapsody in
Blue” (1924)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=qLTManObB40
-
Henry Cowell• Began working on creating
sounds of imitation through
the use of musical instruments.
• “The Banshee” (1925)
• Uses swiping of hands across
piano strings to imitate a
banshee’s wail or cry.
• Banshees are a character in
Irish folk stories depicting bad
times.
• http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?feature=player_detailpage&v
=oLPgM_sfwoI#t=75
-
THE BIG BAND ERA
• Jazz music is starting to become more popular
• One of the unique groups that gained popularity was the
“Big Band”
• Usually consisted of 12-15 musicians.
• “Sing, Sing, Sing” by Louis Prima (1936)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2S1I_ien6A
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2S1I_ien6A
-
Bebop Jazz
• Faster paced music, was
NOT meant for dancing
• Meant more for listening
so the music grew more
challenging
• The famous trumpet
player, band leader, and
song writer, Dizzy
Gillespie helped push this
movement
• “Salt Peanuts” (1941)
• http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=kOmA8LOw258
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOmA8LOw258
-
Pierre Schaeffer• First experimented with
“musique concrète” or permanent music.
• This meant that the music would only ever be performed one way BECAUSE it was a recording.
• “Musique Concrète” = Concrete (rock hard) music
• Schaffer did this by recording sounds and programmed them to play when a certain button was pressed. Similar to a soundboard.
• “Etude Aux Chemins de fer” (1948)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9pOq8u6-bA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9pOq8u6-bA
-
John Cage
• John Cage was known for exploring the lesser used elements of music
• This was primarily shown in his piece “4’33”” (1952) that is based only on silence in the audience.
• Everyone interprets this piece differently because everyone hears differently.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zY7UK-6aaNA
• “Tacet” is a musical term for “Do not play”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zY7UK-6aaNA
-
More John Cage
• Just like Schaeffer and Schoenberg, John Cage enjoyed trying new ideas
• He tried writing music that was based entirely on how he rolled dice based on guidelines from an ancient Chinese book.
• The song he wrote using this method is called “Music of Changes”
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_8-B2rNw7s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_8-B2rNw7s
-
Steve Reich• Experimented with
“phasing”
• Phasing is a musical technique of experiencing every combination of sound.
• It’s like watching two cars turn signals blinking at different speeds with your ears
• “Violin Phase” (1967)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Su1OvwR3wB4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Su1OvwR3wB4