Municipal Waste Futures

Bureau of Waste Management

Waste Disposal Totals 1989-2006

0

4,000,000

8,000,000

12,000,000

16,000,000

20,000,000

24,000,000

28,000,000

Tons

of W

aste

Dis

pose

d

PennsylvaniaWaste

Total WasteDisposed inPennsylvania

Waste Deposited in 2006 ~ 23.7 million tons

Waste Deposited from Pennsylvania - 14.4 million tons

Waste Deposited from Out-of-State - 9.2 million tons

Municipal Waste Present: 2006

Municipal Waste Futures

Our thoughts:Minimize the amount of waste

disposedMaximize reuse and recyclingDrive new technology and conceptsFocus first on diverting paper,

paperboard and organics from the waste stream

Look at what other states are doing

Drive new concepts

Waste as an energy resourceResource RecoveryLandfill Gas to EnergyAlternative Fuels – materials diverted from municipal waste stream for beneficial use as fuel

Current Status – Resource Recovery

Six Operating Facilities 8,000 tons/day in 2005

Southeast and Southcentral PANew Expanded Capacity Harrisburg recently reopened

upgraded facility York County considering expansion to

meet future demand

Future of Resource Recovery

Market/Demand for New Capacity Northeast PA? Southwest PA?

Opposition to New FacilitiesNonattainment Areas in PAEPA New Source Performance Standards

Current Status - Landfill Gas

25 Operational Projects 15 Projects generating more than 100

megawatts of electricity 10 projects producing 7,000 Million

Standard Cubic feet of methane for direct use

16 Pending Projects

Landfill Gas to Energy

Future of Landfill Gas

Expand existing projects to use 100% of landfill gas generatedMore direct use or high BTU production (pipeline quality)Leachate RecirculationAnaerobic Digestion

Current Status – Alternative Fuels

In 2005, Pa used 10.6 million tons of coal refuse 1.26 million tons of alternative fuels 0.70 million tons of wood

PA Cement kilns are obtaining 0 to 20% of their energy needs from alternative fuelsTwo Coal Refuse Plants are burning alternative fuels

Current Status – Alternative Fuels

Three General Permits are available WMGM027 - organic, non-organic residuals with a BTU value of at least 5000 BTU/lb for use as alternative fuelsWMGR038 - Processing waste tires and tire-derived material for fuel and consumer products.WMGR068 - Beneficial use of carbonaceous wastes (petro coke, untreated wood chips and other paper and wood industry wastes) as an alternative fuel for circulating fluidized bed boilers

Alternative Fuels

Waste tires and wood are the most common alternative fuels

Most alternative fuels have less BTUs per cubic foot than coal and require additional storage space

Some alternatives fuels should be kept dry

Future of Wastes as Alternative Fuels

Growing demand and market for alternative fuels Major cement manufacturers have

established goals to obtain 15-20% of energy from alternative fuels

Some plants in Germany are at 70% Potential new demand for alternative fuels is

estimated at greater than 2 million tons

Lack of high volume/quality supply Salvaging General Permit

Plastic11.3%Glass

3.0%Metals5.4%

Organics34.2%

Inorganics12.7%

Paper33.3%

Pennsylvania Municipal Waste Composition

Potential Supply of Alternative Fuels

Material Tons/Year

Cost Avoidance

(Millions)

NonRecyclable Paper

866,990 $47

Wood 540,611 $29

Mixed Paper 433,821 $23

Rigid Plastic 353,108 $19

Textiles 352,570 $19

Carpet 163,371 $9

Total 2,710,000

$146

Potential Alternative Fuels (Cont.)

Material Tons/Year

Cost Avoidance

(Millions)

Cardboard 785,032 $42

Film Plastic 465,586 $25

Newspaper 389,263 $21

Office Paper 341,975 $18

Magazines 251,027 $14

Total 2,232,983

$120

RW to Energy Opportunities

Material Total Tons/Yea

r

Largest Source

(Tons/Yr)

Paper, Cardboard

49,960 8,815

Wood 30,132 3,757

Plastic 24,932 2,719

Textiles 16,505 8,314

Potential Markets

Cement/Lime Kilns = 12Waste Coal Fired Power Plants =

15Existing WTE Facilities = 6Facilities that burn wood > 14

Map of Market for Alternative Fuels

Regulatory Status of Alternative Fuels Act 101 Source Separated Recyclable

Materials can not be burned Residual Waste used or reused as

ingredients in an industrial process to make a product or employed in a particular function or application as an effective substitute for a commercial product is not a waste

Coproduct Determination Processed or beneficially used under a

General Permit

Salvaging Alternative FuelsCollection

Know your customers Keep non combustible materials out of

waste Provide value added service

Salvaging The operator shall salvage and recycle

waste materials received at the facility for which recycling is cost effective