municipal solid waste management detailed project report · 2018-02-22 · adp annual development...

M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T

Prepared by:

AIILSG Pune

Prepared For:

Kalghatgi Town Panchayath

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Final Report

Solid Waste Management

Detailed Project Report


Prepared by: AIILSG Pune

Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath

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CONTENTS 1 Project Background .................................................................................................................... 9

1.1 Solid Waste Management .................................................................................................. 9

1.2 Problems Due To Solid Waste ........................................................................................... 10

1.3 Current Status of SWM in India ........................................................................................ 10

1.4 Initiatives to Improve SWM in India.................................................................................. 10

1.5 Project Background & Objectives ..................................................................................... 14

1.6 Scope of Study ................................................................................................................. 15

1.7 Report Overview .............................................................................................................. 16

1.8 Work Done in this Study ................................................................................................... 17

1.9 Structure of the Report .................................................................................................... 18

2 City Profile ............................................................................................................................... 20

2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 20

2.2 Geography ....................................................................................................................... 20

2.3 Regional Settings .............................................................................................................. 21

2.4 History and Tourism ......................................................................................................... 21

2.5 Population of the city ....................................................................................................... 22

2.6 Ward Wise Population of Year 2011 ................................................................................. 25

2.7 Slums and Urban Poor ...................................................................................................... 27

2.8 Slum Population ............................................................................................................... 27

2.9 Floating Population .......................................................................................................... 27

2.10 Brief Information of the town .......................................................................................... 27

2.11 Climatology ...................................................................................................................... 28

2.12 Administrative Setup ........................................................................................................ 30

3 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................................................ 31

3.1 The present scenario of SWM system in Kalghatgi ............................................................ 31

3.2 Population Projection ....................................................................................................... 32

3.3 Solid waste generation Projection .................................................................................... 33

3.4 Waste Collection .............................................................................................................. 34

3.5 Segregation ...................................................................................................................... 34

3.6 Street Sweeping ............................................................................................................... 35

3.7 Tools Used ....................................................................................................................... 35

3.8 Transportation of wastes ................................................................................................. 35

3.9 Processing and Disposal of Wastes ................................................................................... 36

3.10 Staff involved in SWM ...................................................................................................... 38

3.11 Municipal Solid Waste Composition ................................................................................. 38

3.12 Segregation of recyclables wastes .................................................................................... 41




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3.13 Present expenditure on Solid Waste Management ........................................................... 41

4 Issues and Gaps of MSW Management .................................................................................... 43

4.1 Gaps and issues in Kalghatgi ............................................................................................. 43

5 Potential Strategies suggested for MSWM ............................................................................... 44

5.1 Concept Overview of Waste Management Proposed ........................................................ 44

5.2 Proposed Waste Flow Processes ...................................................................................... 47

5.3 Storage of Waste at Source .............................................................................................. 49

5.4 Segregation of Waste at Source ....................................................................................... 49

5.5 Door to Door Collection and routing plan ......................................................................... 50

5.6 Biomedical Waste ............................................................................................................ 54

5.7 Dry Waste and E-waste Collection Centre ......................................................................... 54

5.8 Construction and Demolition waste ................................................................................. 57

5.9 Zero Waste Management ................................................................................................. 57

6 Solid Waste Management: Landfill Site .................................................................................... 59

6.1 Technology Selection ....................................................................................................... 59

6.2 Aerobic Composting ......................................................................................................... 60

6.3 Processing Decomposed Garbage..................................................................................... 64

6.4 Proposed Infrastructure at Landfill Site ............................................................................ 64

6.5 Design of recommended processing and disposal options ................................................ 67

7 Design of Landfill ..................................................................................................................... 76

7.1 Design and Development of Sanitary Landfill Facility ........................................................ 76

7.2 Bio Remediation at previous engineering site ................................................................... 77

7.3 Leachate from Landfill ...................................................................................................... 88

7.4 Material Specifications for Sanitary Landfill ...................................................................... 90

7.5 Operation Plan of Sanitary Landfill ................................................................................... 93

8 Institutional Aspects and Capacity Building ............................................................................ 105

8.1 Decentralization of Administration ................................................................................. 105

8.2 Delegation of Powers ..................................................................................................... 106

8.3 Work Norms................................................................................................................... 106

8.4 Induction of Environmental/Public Health Engineers ...................................................... 108

8.5 Human Resource Development ...................................................................................... 109

8.6 The Entire Administration of SWM Department to Be Under One Umbrella ................... 111

8.7 Inter Departmental Co-Ordination ................................................................................. 112

8.8 Encouragement to NGO’S and Waste Collector Co-Operatives ....................................... 112

8.9 Public Awareness ........................................................................................................... 114

9 Summary of financial requirement ......................................................................................... 123

9.1 Requirement of Capital Cost ........................................................................................... 123

9.2 Funding Pattern ............................................................................................................. 124




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9.3 Detailed BOQ and Estimates........................................................................................... 125

9.4 Requirement of Operation and Maintenance Cost ......................................................... 150

9.5 Revenue from sale of compost & User Charges .............................................................. 151

9.6 Financing of O&M expenses ........................................................................................... 152

9.7 Breakup of Financial Aspect ........................................................................................... 153

Annexure 1. Legal Aspects .................................................................................................. 154

Annexure 2. Solid Waste Chemical Analysis ........................................................................ 163

Annexure 3. Survey Analysis ............................................................................................... 164

Annexure 4. Existing and Proposed Route Map for Collection and Transport Vehicles......... 171

Annexure 5. Designs for proposed Waste Processing facility ............................................... 172

Annexure 6. Machine, Equipment and Vehicle Specifications .............................................. 173

Machine and Equipment Specifications ..................................................................................... 173

Vehicle Specifications – ............................................................................................................. 183

Annexure 7. Normative Standards for Municipal Solid Waste Management ........................ 184

Annexure 8. Office Memorandum for GOI share ................................................................. 186

Annexure 9. Minimum Wages Act GOK 2017 ...................................................................... 187

Annexure 10. Quotations .................................................................................................... 189




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List of Figures

Figure 2-1 Geographical Location of Kalghatgi ................................................................................. 20

Figure 2 : Graph showing demographic characteristics .................................................................... 23

Figure 3 : Graph showing Religion wise population distribution ....................................................... 23

Figure 5 : Graph showing percentage of working population ........................................................... 24

Figure 2-2 Ward Map ....................................................................................................................... 26

Figure 8 : Graph showing Temperature and Rainfall Variation for a year in Kalaghatagi ................... 29

Figure 9 : Graph showing Temperature variation for a year in Kalaghatagi ....................................... 29

Figure 2 : Administrative setup of Kalaghatagi Town Panchayat ....................................................... 30

Figure 3-1 Population projections for the ULB ................................................................................. 33

Figure 3-2 Contour Map of Existing Landfill site ............................................................................... 37

Figure 3-3 Physical Composition of MSW ......................................................................................... 39

Figure 5-1 Proposed Waste Flowchart for Kalghatgi. Source - Toolkit for MSWM, MoUD ................. 48

Figure 6-2 Proposed Landfill Design ................................................................................................. 62

Figure 6-3Details of Different Layers in Recharge Pit ........................................................................ 67

Figure 6-6 Waste Process Flow Chart ............................................................................................... 74

Figure 7-1 Options for treatment of Existing MSW Dump on the Site ............................................... 77

Figure 7-2 Line Placement at edges of Landfill ................................................................................. 80

Figure 7-3 Line Placement at edges of Landfill ................................................................................. 80

Figure 7-4 Placement of the HDPE Liner over the Clay Liner ............................................................. 80

Figure 7-5 Placement of the Gravel Drainage Layer and Geotextile over the Clay Liner .................... 81

Figure 7-6 Leachate Collection Pipes are to be connected to a sump through the Liner ................... 81

Figure 7-7: Welding of HDPE Geomembrane ................................................................................... 82

Figure 7-8 Bottom and Side Liner System ......................................................................................... 82

Figure 7-9 Schematic Diagram showing Placement of rectangular slots in Leachate Collection Pipe . 83

Figure 7-10 Welding of Leachate Pipes ............................................................................................ 83

Figure 7-11 Support of Leachate Pipes ............................................................................................. 85

Figure 7-12 Top Liner System ........................................................................................................... 87

Figure 7-13 Phytorid Treatment ....................................................................................................... 89




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List of Tables

Table 1-1: Indicative Plans for Municipal Solid Waste Management ................................................. 14

Table 2-1 Population of Kalghatgi .................................................................................................... 22

Table 2-2 Ward Wise Households Year of 2011 (as per census) ...................................................... 25

Table 2-2 Slum Settlements ............................................................................................................. 27

Table 2-3 Slum Settlements (Source - Census 2011) ......................................................................... 27

Table 2-6 Information of Town ........................................................................................................ 27

Table 3-1 Waste generation estimation ........................................................................................... 31

Table 3-2: Ward wise Waste Generation .......................................................................................... 31

Table 3-3 Population Projection ....................................................................................................... 32

Table 3-4 Estimated solid waste generation in future ..................................................................... 33

Table 3-5Frequency for street sweeping .......................................................................................... 35

Table 3-3 MSW transportation vehicles .......................................................................................... 35

Table 3-4 Staff for MSWM ............................................................................................................... 38

Table 3-5 Physical composition of waste in Percentage ................................................................... 39

Table 3-6 Composition of Indian Waste as per CPHEEO Manual ....................................................... 40

Table 3-7 Chemical Composition of MSW in percentage .................................................................. 40

Table 3-8 Composition of Indian Waste as per CPHEEO Manual ....................................................... 41

Table 3-7 Expenditure & Revenue of existing solid waste management .......................................... 41

Table 5-1 Optimized Route Microplan ............................................................................................. 51

Table 5-2 Details of personal protective equipments ....................................................................... 53

Table 5-3 Vehicles for collection & transport .................................................................................. 54

Table 6-1Details of Landfill Layout ................................................................................................... 61

Table 6-1 Details of Common Facilities proposed at site .................................................................. 63

Table 6-2 Details of Structures Proposed ......................................................................................... 63

Table 6-3 Process Flow Table ........................................................................................................... 72

Table 7-1 Design Fundamentals of Sanitary Landfill Site ................................................................... 76

Table 7-2 Area at Landfill Site after Bioremediation and Segregation ............................................... 77

Table 7-3 Percentage Recovery of Recyclable Waste ....................................................................... 78

Table 7-4 Leachate Generation Estimation ...................................................................................... 88

Table 8-1 Existing and Required Manpower for Collection and Transport ...................................... 109

Table 8-3: Training Requirement for Municipal Workers ................................................................ 111

Table 8-3: Action Plan for target groups......................................................................................... 121

Table 9-1 Cost Estimate for proposed vehicles, Equipment and machinery .................................... 123

Table 9-2: Estimated Budget expenditure ...................................................................................... 124

Table 11-1: Requirement of O and M ............................................................................................. 150

Table 9-4: Proposed user charges .................................................................................................. 151




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ABBREVIATIONS

ADP Annual Development Plan KM Kilo Meter

AIILSG All India Institute of Local Self Government LS Lump Sum

APL Above Poverty Line M Municipality

ATR Action taken Report M & E Monitoring & Evaluation

BPL Below Poverty Line M3 Cubic Meter

CAA Constitutional Amendment Act MIC Mayor in Council

CBO Community Based Organizations MIS Municipal Information System

CDP City Development Plan MLD Million Liters per Day

CDS Community Development Society LPCD Liters per capita per day

CII Confederation of Indian Industries WRD Water Resource Department (GoK)

CMO Chief Municipal Officer KSPCB Karnataka State Pollution Control Board

CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environment

Engineering Organization MSW Municipal solid Waste

DCHB District Census Handbook NGO Non Government Organization

DDP Draft Development Plan NH National Highway

DFID Department of International Development NP Nagar Parishad

DLB Directorate of Local Bodies NSDP National Slum Development Policy

DM District Magistrate O & M Operation & Maintenance

DoE Department of Environment OG Outer Growth

DoHFW Department of Health and Family Welfare OHT Over Head Tank

EPCO Environmental Planning and Coordination

Organization OSD Open Sewerage Disposal

EWS Economically Weaker Sections PHED Public health Engineering Department

GIS Geographical Information System PPH Persons per Hectare

GoI Government of India PPP Public Private Partnership

GoK Government of Karnataka PRA Participatory Rapid Assessment

GSR Ground Structure Reservoir PWD Public Work Department

H&ED Housing and Environment Department SH State Highway

HUDCO Housing and Urban Development

Corporation Ltd SWM Solid Waste Management

INTACH Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural

Heritage ULB Urban Local Body

JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal

Mission TCPO

Town and Country Planning

Organization

KL Kilo liter UADD Urban Administration and Development

Department




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AIILSG TEAM

Name Degree / Experience Position Held in AIILSG

Mr. Ashish Deosthali B.E Civil, M.E in Environment Engineer Director General

Mr. Ajay Agrawal B.Arch, Dip. Planning Executive Director, PRUDA -

AIILSG

Mr. Harsh Padhya B.E. Environment, M.Plan

(Environmental Planning)

Project Officer, PRUDA -

AIILSG

Ms. Tubai Choudhury B.Arch, M.Plan (Urban and

Regional Planning)

Project Associate, AIILSG

Dr. AbhijeetKhandage Ph.D. Geology GIS Consultant

Mr. SushilSapakale DCE GIS Consultant

Mr. Nikhil Vaiude B. Arch, M. Plan (Environmental

Planning)

Associate Project Director

Mr. Gajanan Deshpande B.A.M.S, M.Sc. (Habitat Policy and

Practice)

Programme Officer

CA Tushar Shah Chartered Accountant Municipal Finance Specialist

Mr. AniruddhaPadale Master of Social Work (MSW), Social Development Expert

Mr. MandarAntrolikar B.Sc., Diploma in GIS Assistant Director

Ms. AnuradhaAmbekar B. Sc. Microbiology, PG Diploma in

Urban Planning and Development

(pursuing)

Programme Officer

Mrs. PriyaKapole M.sc Environmental Science Programme Officer

Ms. Sayali B Ghogare B. Arch, M. Tech (Town Planning) Programme Officer

Mrs. MonaliKachale B.E Civil Programme Officer

Ms. RanjanaShedage M.A. Geography,

M.Sc.Geoinformatics

Programme Officer, GIS

Mr. Gaurav Pawar M.Tech. Civil Environment Programme Officer

Mr. OnkarPatil B.E. Environment Programme Officer




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1 Project Background

Waste disposal is one of the major problems being faced over the world and India is no

exception. Management of Solid Waste, though an essential service, is given low priority.

This, coupled with lack of financial resources, institutional weaknesses, improper choice of

technology & rapid urbanization, whose ramifications are more pronounced with

uncontrolled growth rate of population, has made this service far from satisfactory, thus

creating serious environmental and health problems.

1.1 Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is an organized process of storage, collection,

transportation, processing, and disposal of solid refuse residuals in an engineered sanitary

landfill. It is an integrated process comprising several collection methods, varied

transportation equipment, storage, recovery mechanisms for recyclable material, reduction

of waste volume, and quantity by methods such as composting; refuse derived fuel (RDF),

waste-to-energy, and disposal in a designated engineered sanitary landfill.

The selection of a suitable SWM process is driven by the source and quality of waste

produced. Solid waste is generated from a number of sources which include households

(kitchen and yard), commercial areas (shops, hotels and restaurants), industries (raw

material and packaging), institutions (schools, hospitals and offices), construction and

demolition sites, wild and domesticated animals (carcasses of dead animals, manure), parks

(fallen branches, leaves from trees), and streets (sand, silt, clay, concrete, bricks, asphalt,

residues from air deposition, and dust).

Collection

Transportation

Recovery

Recycling / Disposal

Analysis




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1.2 Problems Due To Sol id Waste

Accumulation of solid waste in open areas is an eyesore, diminishing real estate and

property value, a breeding ground for insects, and other vectors (rats and mice, wild and

domesticated animals). It also causes odour nuisance, reflects the unorganized nature of the

community, and creates a poor environment for growing children.

Improper and unorganized disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in open areas and

landfills have a negative impact on the living conditions of human beings as well as the

overall environment. It results in spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases

among human beings and animals, thus affecting the welfare, livelihood, and economic

productivity. In addition, it causes contamination of soil, surface water, ground water and

generation of toxic and greenhouse gases. However, using adequate information, resources,

and efficient management practices, one can turn solid waste into a useful resource.

1.3 Current Status of SWM in India

Management of Solid Wastes is of growing concern to the general public at large, local

authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The problem is

exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth, coupled with an

economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and, hence, wastes generation.

As per Census 2011, the urban population accounts for 31.16 percent of the total Indian

population.

The Local Governing Bodies (LGBs), viz. municipalities and Municipal Councils, are

responsible for providing SWM services in the urban areas. In most of the urban areas,

insufficient funds, use of obsolete/ inefficient technologies, lack of public

awareness/training, and improper infrastructure have resulted in a state of poor SWM.

1.4 Initiatives to Improve SWM in India

In recent years, the Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve existing

SWM practices in the country. Some of the key initiatives and recommendations are

discussed below:




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1.4.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules

The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, published

“Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2016” (MSW Rules 2016). These

rules were developed in conformance with Sections 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment

Protection Act, 1986 and aim at standardization and enforcement of SWM practices in the

urban sector. They dictate that, “Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area

of the municipality, be responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules

and infrastructure development for collection, storage segregation, transportation,

processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes”. In addition, “the CPCB shall coordinate

with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) in the

matters of MSW disposal and its management and handling”.

1.4.2 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is a notable initiative

undertaken by Government of India. JNNURM provides funding for urban infrastructure

development in 67 cities and towns of the country. This mission was initiated in 2006 and is

slated to continue until 2011.

1.4.3 Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium

Towns

The primary objective of this scheme is to improve the urban infrastructure in towns and

cities in a planned manner and to promote public–private partnership (PPP) in infrastructure

development. This scheme was introduced in the year 2005-06 and will continue for seven

years. This scheme is applicable to all cities/towns as per 2001 census, except the

cities/towns covered under the JNNURM. One of the components of this scheme is to renew

the old sewerage and solid waste disposal systems in inner (old) areas.

1.4.4 Swachh Bharat Mission

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched on 2nd of October, 2014 with a vision to

achieve a clean India as a tribute to the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi, on his 150th

birth anniversary, in 2019. SBM is being implemented by the Ministry of Urban




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Development (M/o UD) and by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (M/o DWS) for

urban and rural areas with a given set of guidelines for improved sanitary services and

capacity building initiatives.

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) a major component of the SBM (urban)-

“refers to a systematic process that comprises of waste segregation and storage at source,

primary collection, secondary storage, transportation, secondary segregation, resource

recovery, processing, treatment, and final disposal of solid waste.”

Under the provisions of SWM, the local bodies are to prepare Detailed Project Reports in

consultation with the state government based on the identified needs of the City Sanitation

Plans. Provision also mentions clustering of smaller cities for attracting Private investment.

The DPRs should be prepared in lines with Govt. of India’s goals outlined in the NUSP 2008,

SWM rules, advisories, CPHEEO manuals (including cost recovery mechanisms), O&M

practices and Service-level Benchmark advisories released by M/o UD and Manual on

Municipal Solid Waste Management, 2016.

States will contribute a minimum of 25% funds for SWM projects to match 75% Central

Share (10% in the case of North East States and special category states). 80% of the urban

population to be covered by SWM services (allowing for a 2% increase year on year)

covering all statutory towns. 1 Central government Grant / VGF may also be used to

promote projects of waste to energy.

1.4.5 Finance Commission Recommendations

Constituted by the President of India, under Article 280 of the constitution, the Finance

Commission is to recommend on distribution of central tax revenues between the Union

and the States. Supporting Local bodies through grant, subsequent to the passage of the

73rd and 74th constitutional amendments was first time announced in the 10th Finance

Commission for providing basic services at the grassroots level and strengthening

decentralization.

The 13th Finance Commission has recommended two categories of Grants to Local Bodies

namely (1) General Basic Grant and (2) General Performance Grant. The Basic Grants will be




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released on furnishing the U.Cs for the last releases and the General Performance Grant will

be released on fulfilment of nine conditions by the State Government. Performance-related

funds under the 13th Finance Commission have been linked to improvements in SLBs

including SWM.

Further, in 2009, MoUD initiated Service Level Benchmarking (SLB) with respect to basic

municipal services including solid waste management. SLB has been introduced in 30 states

and across 1700 ULBs. Performance-related funds under the 13th Finance Commission have

been linked to improvements in SLBs including SWM. The 13th Finance Commission also

recommends that of all grants to be given to the ULBs, 50% should be for SWM (2010-

2015). Moreover, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has funded five Waste-to-

Energy plants for utilization of MSW. The grant recommended to ULBs in Andhra Pradesh is

Rs. 1919.20 crores for the XIII FC period of 2010- 2015. Under such grant every local body is

mandated preparing an Annual Development Plan where in the component integrated solid

waste management under PPP mode (excluding purchase of equipment for collection and

transport of garbage) is to be incorporated.

1.4.6 National Green Tribunal Recommendations

CPCB has framed and notified the “Action Plan for Management of Municipal Solid Waste

(MSW)” in compliance with the National Green Tribunal order dated 5th Feb-2015 in the

matter of OA No. 199 of 2014. The Action Plan emphasizes on strengthening the planning

exercise at national, state as well as city level by improvising through the waste

management value chain. In addition to that, The Plan suggested the concept of regional

cluster approach as well as technology options on the basis of quantum of MSW generation

which has been re-produced below in nutshell.

The Regional Cluster approach is based on the concept of discouraging setting up of

individual waste processing and disposal facilities leading to mushrooming of innumerable

facilities which are difficult to monitor and sustain. The approach requires a detailed survey

of the study area and identification of location for regional facility with adequate size of land

free from public objections. An indicative distance of say up to 50 km for each local body




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may be feasible based on local condition, fixing of criteria by the local body to transport the

waste for common disposal point without causing public nuisance and traffic hurdles.

However, alternate options can be worked out for smaller local bodies. Common facility

should be ‘integrated’ with facilities for sorting, compost, RDF and energy plant and

followed by inert recycling/re-use. Only a fraction of inert waste should go for land-filling.

The Action Plan has outlined indicative plan based on the quantum of waste generated in

the cluster. The indicative plans have been given for towns in four ranges of waste

generation.

Table 1-1: Indicative Plans for Municipal Solid Waste Management

Range Plan

>500 TPD

Modernization/ mechanization of waste storage and transportation facilities

Privatization/ contract with ‘operators’ for collection of waste from various sources and

its transportation

Seeking support of Private entrepreneurship in setting up of waste processing and

disposal facility

Between

100-500

TPD

Modernization/ mechanization of waste storage and transportation facilities

Privatization/ contract with ‘operators’ for collection of waste from various sources and

its transportation

Seeking support of Private entrepreneurship in setting up of waste processing and

disposal facility

Less than

100 TPD

Proper system for waste collection, storage and transportation considering the local

situation

Aerobic composting ·Such towns can be the member of Cluster/Regional facility

Less than

50 TPD

Technological solutions which could be managed without high skill operations ·Proper

collection of waste and motivating citizens for segregation of waste.

Composting.

1.5 Project Background & Objectives

There is a need to enhance the existing MSWM system for Town Panchayath (TP) and thus

improve the health and living standards of its residents. The purpose of this project is to

identify the existing MSWM practices within the town, recognize deficiencies/gaps in the

present system and propose a comprehensive plan for MSWM including segregation,




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collection, and transportation and regional/cluster approach for processing & scientific

disposal in Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility in compliance with the

MSW Rules 2016. In addition, analyze options for waste processing for effective and

scientific management of MSW generated.

1.6 Scope of Study

Realistic assessment of quantity, Characterization and classification of MSW

Detailed survey of the prevailing conditions

Situation/Gap Analysis of the existing condition with respect to MSW Rules, 2016

Detailed planning for resource requirement & implementation strategy

Design of MSW management system viz. Collection System (Primary/ Secondary) ,

Transportation & Fleet Management Plan, waste processing system and sanitary

landfill in accordance with MSW Rules 2016 & CPHEEO Manual, Govt. of India

Techno economic and environmental analysis of various options for MSWM

Preparation of conceptual and detailed drawings

Preparation of Bill of Quantities (BOQs)

Capital and Operation & Maintenance (O&M) cost estimates

Identification and formation of the clusters on the basis of geographical locations

MSW management model including privatization aspects

Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)

The deliverables will ultimately achieve the following goals:

100% source segregation of wet & dry waste

Primary collection of waste

Secondary collection and transportation of waste

Creating and sustaining a supply chain for recycled waste

Streamlining and optimization of transportation system

Analysis for the need of transfer station and its basic design

Innovative processes and their enforcement for making the habitations litter free,

bin free and dump free to prevent the health hazard.

Options for processing the biodegradable waste




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Feasibility study for the exploration of waste to power on the basis of cluster

approach

Options for using the inert material like construction & demolition material

Reclamation and bio-mining of old dump sites

Innovative incentive structure to the operating personnel for motivation

Financial model and institutional framework

Measures for the involvement of all stakeholders

Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign models and enforcement

plans

1.7 Report Overview

The Kalaghatgi Town Panchayath (TP) is looking for improving efficiencies in solid waste

management (SWM) practices focusing on improving efficiency of collection, transportation

and processing of the municipal waste generated in the town. This report brings out the

present situation of solid waste management at Kalaghatgi and the proposals to improve

the same.

The project activity aims at

Establishing effective waste collection mechanism with a view point to collect more

than 90% of the solid waste generated in the municipal area.

Conducting efficient waste transportation mechanism to be able to carry out 100 %

of the collected waste.

Processing and recycling of the Municipal Solid Waste.

Environmental consciousness and job creation for the local youth.

The broad scope of work for the project includes development of technical and

economically viable solid waste management plan along with the design of collection,

transportation, treatment disposal infrastructure. The outline of scope of work for the

overall project includes the following activities.

a. Collection & compilation of data

b. Interaction with ULB, local stakeholders and obtaining preliminary information

c. Submission of draft DPR




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d. Presentation of the plans and receiving comments and inputs.

e. Submission of final DPR

The structure of the detailed project report has been detailed in the next section.

1.8 Work Done in this Study

To draft the detailed project report for Kalaghatgi, The following sets of activities have been

done by All India Institute of Local Self Government.

1.8.1 Field visits and data collection

A team of consultants from All India Institute of Local Self Government had visited the town.

The team visited various parts of the town to understand the existing infrastructure and

SWM mechanism in the town. The team interacted with various stake holders of SWM

system.

1.8.2 Primary data collection undertaken

Primary data collected for preparation of this report includes the following key features

Average waste generated by key waste generators in Kalaghatgi,

Physical character of the waste disposed at Kalaghatgi,

Quantity of the waste collected and transported to the landfill

Type of roads swept daily, twice a week and once in a week

Average length of street swept by each SWM staff.

Waste movement mechanism in the town.

Location of secondary bins for waste collection

Approximate estimation of open points in the town.

Survey on commercial establishments of the town in all wards

1.8.3 Secondary Data Collection & Assessment

Secondary data required for the report like existing ward wise population of the town,

weather information, standard average quantity of waste generated per waste generator,

area of the town, total population of town in the past, other reports on SWM were gathered

from various sources. A review of the available documents about Kalaghatgi and the




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previous studies on solid waste management systems in Kalaghatgi was done. The gathered

data was compiled as per the requirement of DPR.

1.8.4 Design and report preparation:

Using the data collected by the primary resources, secondary resources and interaction with

stake holders and TP staff a collection, transport DPR is prepared. The DPR has considered

the future population growth and prospective increased growth in the town. A detailed cost

estimation and financial sustainability analysis has been done and presented in the report.

All the designs and estimates are provided along with the report as annexure.

1.8.5 Review process

The draft report, cost estimates, designs and drawings were submitted to TP for review. This

final DPR document has been prepared by incorporating all the suggestions, comments and

inputs of TP. The TP shall further review the report, seek the state government clearance as

required and the final report would be drafted to meet the requirements of using the

document for implementation.

1.9 Structure of the Report

Chapter Heading Contents

1 Introduction The chapter provides and introduction to study, the terms of

reference, study methodology and outline of the study.

2 Town Profile The Town profile brings out the nature and details of the town.

The demography, importance, climate and structure of the town

are brought out.

3 Present SWM

scenario in

Kalaghatgi

The existing waste management systems in the town in

presented. The waste assessment undertaken is presented. The

strengths and lacunae of the systems are brought out to enable

further planning.

4 Issues & Gaps in

Present SWM

Gaps in present system of Solid Waste Management

5 Proposed SWM The proposed efficient plan for waste management in the Town.




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Chapter Heading Contents

Action plan for

Kalaghatgi

6 Proposed

Processing Facility

This provides detailed design for Operations and working of

Compost Plant

7 Land fill Site This provides detailed design for Operations of Landfill Site

8 Institutional

Aspects & Capacity

Building & Public

Awareness

The team for solid waste management, the institutional structure

and the capacity building requirements are presented.

Information Education and Communication is a significant

component of the solid waste management process of a town. A

concept and operational schema for the public awareness

required has been presented in this chapter.

9 Summary of

Financial

Requirements

Detail BOQ, Final Summary for financial requirements of the

proposals is presented in this Chapter

Annexure List if Annexure includes Physical, Chemical Analysis Report for

Solid Waste Sample, Sample Description for primary survey etc.




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2 City Profile

2.1 Introduction

Kalghatgi is a Panchayath and taluka in Dharwad district in Karnataka. Gram devi jatra is

famous in Kalghatgi and it is a oldest Taluka in Dharwad Dist. Surashettikoppa is a Famous

village of Kalghatgi where Shree Brahmalingeshwar God jatra will be held, which is Famous

in Karnataka.

2.2 Geography

Kalghatgi is located at 15.18°N 74.97°E. It has an average elevation of 536 metres

(1758 feet). Kalghatgi is located at 28 km from Hubli and 30 km from Dharwad. The

Kalghatgi town is located on National Highway 63 en route from Hubli to Ankola.

Figure 2-1 Geographical Location of Kalghatgi

(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaghatagi)

Kalaghatagi is surrounded by Hlikatti and Tumarikoppatowards North, Belavantra towards

South, Kalakundi towards west, and Madkihonnihalli towards east .The distances (aerial) of

major towns and villages located near Kalaghatagi city are as follows:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taluka

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharwad_district

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka

https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Kalaghatagi&params=15.18_N_74.97_E_

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharwad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Highway_63_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankola

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaghatagi




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Hubli - 28.8 KM

Belgavi - 112.4 KM

Dharwad - 33.6 KM

2.3 Regional Settings

2.3.1 Connectivity

The major roads connecting Kalaghatagi town include Karnataka state highway SH46, which

starts near Mundgodu and ends at Anasi passing through Kalaghatagi, called as Kalaghatagi-Hallyal

road.Another state highway passing through Kalaghatagi is SH1, which runs between Padubidri and

Chikalgud.

The nearest railway station to Kalghatgi is Jawali which is located in and around 26.4 kilometer

distance. The following table shows other railway stations and its distance from Mamakudi.

Table 2: Table showing distances of nearby railway stations from Kalaghatagi

Jawali railway station 26.4 KM.

Unkal railway station 27.2 KM.

Hubli Jn railway station 27.7 KM.

Amargol railway station 29.2 KM.

Dharnaoda railway station 29.2 KM.

Kalghatagi‘s nearest airport is Hubli Airport situated at 23.6 KM distance. Few more airports

around Kalghatagi are as follows.

Table 3 : Table showing distances of nearby airports from Kalaghatagi

Hubli Airport 23.6 KM.

Belgaum Airport 84.8 KM.

Goa International Airport 91.7 KM.

2.4 History and Tourism

The Kalaghatagi town is influenced by the tourism at Tamboor. Tamboor is in Kalghatgi

Taluk, Dharwad District in North Karnataka, India. It is about 8 km from Kalghatagi. Tamboor

is a town about 11 km from Kalghatgi NH 63, 3 km from main road in Karnataka state, India.

Tamboor name came to village due to the huge availability of copper in earlier years.

Tamboor is located at Western Ghats. Thick forests here hold tigers, chital, elephant, sarang,




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cobra, and other wildlife. Other local areas of interest include Tamboor Lake, Satoo Shahid

Durga, Kali River, Anashi Reserve Forest, Supa Dam and Basavanna temple

Tamboor is an important center of pilgrimage for people of the Lingayat faith. The Temple

of Basavanna, one of the most revered saints of the Lingayat faith lies here. In the 12th

century, the Chalukyas and Gangas ruled there. The Tamboor jathre or congregations

attracts pilgrims from all over Karnataka as one of the major community or `panchamsali

lingayaths' are large number devoted here visiting regularly. Tamboor Basavanna temple is

situated 11 km from Kalghatgi, at the end of Devikoppa Forest.

2.5 Population of the city

As per census 2011 population of Kalghatgi town Panchayat is 16,917 and the population of

city was 14,680 in 2001. The Growth rate of the town is increased after 2001 and the town is

divided into 13 wards. Total geographical area of Kalghatgi town panchayat is 24 km2.

Population density of the city is 707 persons per km2.

Table 2-4 Population of Kalghatgi

Year Population Decadal Change

2001 14,680 -

2011 16,917 15.2 %

2.5.1 Demographics

The city is home to about 17 thousand people, among them 8528 (50%) are male and 8389

(50%) are female. 75% of the whole population are from general caste, 22% are from

schedule caste and 3% are schedule tribes. Child (aged under 6 years) population of

Kalghatgi town panchayat is 13%, among them 51% are boys and 49% are girls. There are

3561 households in the city and an average 5 persons live in every family.




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Figure 2 : Graph showing demographic characteristics

2.5.2 Population Distribution

Hindus contribute 75% of the total population and are the largest religious community in

the city followed by Muslims which contribute 19% of the total population and Jains are the

third largest religious community here with 4% population all other religious communities

contribute 2% of the total population. Female Sex ratio per 1000 male in Hindus are 996 in

Muslims are 934 and in Jains are 1012.

Figure 3 : Graph showing Religion wise population distribution

2.5.3 Growth of Population

Population of the city has increased by 15.2% in last 10 years. In 2001 census total

population here were about 15 thousand. Female population growth rate of the city is

16.6% which is 2.7% higher than male population growth rate of 13.9%. General caste

population has increased by 8.6%; Schedule caste population has increased by 41.9%;

16

,91

7

12

,62

3

3,7

73

52

1 2,1

38

8,5

28

6,3

60

1,9

27

24

1

1,0

82

8,3

89

6,2

63

1,8

46

28

0

1,0

56

T o t a l G e n e r a l S c h e d u l e C a s t e

S c h e d u l e T r i b e C h i l d

Demographics

Total Male Female

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Total Hindu Muslim Christian Sikh Jain Others Not Stated

Religion wise Population Distribution

Total Male Female




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24

Schedule Tribe population has increased by 30.6% and child population has decreased by -

2.2% in the city since last census.

2.5.4 Sex Ratio

As of 2011 census there are 984 females per 1000 male in the city. Sex ratio in general caste

is 985, in schedule caste is 958 and in schedule tribe is 1162. There are 976 girls under 6

years of age per 1000 boys of the same age in the city. Overall sex ratio in the city has

increased by 23 females per 1000 male during the years from 2001 to 2011. Child sex ratio

here has increased by 47 girls per 1000 boys during the same time.

2.5.5 Literacy Rate

Total about 12 thousand people in the city are literate, among them 6309 are male and

5385 are female. Literacy rate (children under 6 are excluded) of Kalghatgi is 79%. 85% of

male and 73% of female population are literate here. Overall literacy rate in the city has

increased by 7%. Male literacy has gone up by 5% and female literacy rate has gone up by

9%.

2.5.6 Workers Profile

Kalghatgi has 38% (6510) population engaged in either main or marginal works. 56% male

and 20% female population are working population. 55% of total male population are main

(full time) workers and 2% are marginal (part time) workers. For women 18% of total female

population are main and 2% are marginal workers.

Figure 4 : Graph showing percentage of working population

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

Worker Main Worker Marginal Worker Non Worker

Percentage of Working Population

Total Male Female




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25

2.6 Ward Wise Population of Year 2011

Table 2-5 Ward Wise Households Year of 2011 (as per census)

Source: Census 2011

The Kalaghatagi town is sub divided into total 13 administrative wards. Amongst all, ward

number 5 is most populous ward with population of 2,295 people and ward number 6 is

least populous ward with population of 789 people.

Ward Number Population HH

Ward No. 1 1397 295

Ward No. 2 1141 215

Ward No. 3 1040 238

Ward No. 4 1762 317

Ward No. 5 2295 492

Ward No. 6 789 168

Ward No. 7 1272 266

Ward No. 8 1035 243

Ward No. 9 1243 270

Ward No. 10 1206 256

Ward No. 11 807 196

Ward No. 12 1715 356

Ward No. 13 1215 249

Total 16917 3561




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Figure 2-5 Ward Map




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2.7 Slums and Urban Poor

As per 2011 census data, there are 3 slum settlements in Kalghatgi Town Panchayath and all

three are notified slums.

2.8 Slum Population

As per 2011 Census data, there are 3 slum settlements in Kalghatgi, all of which are notified

and where about 439 families reside.

Table 2-6 Slum Settlements

Sr. No. Slum Name Notified No of Households Population

1 Kalghalgi Yes 150 814

2 Hulginaikatti Thanda Yes 140 667

3 Hulginakatti Yes 149 695

Total 439 2176

Source – Census 2011

Table 2-7 Slum Settlements (Source - Census 2011)

Particulars No’s

No. of slum settlements 3

Slum population 2176

Slum households 439

2.9 Floating Population

Total Floating Population of the Town is 931 which almost 5% of the total population.

2.10 Brief Information of the town

Table 2-8 Information of Town

S.No. Names Details

1 Type of the City or Town Kalghatgi town Panchayat

2 Area Coverage 22.92 Sq.km

3 No. of Wards 13

4 Population

(As per census)

2001- 14,680

2011- 16,917

5 Density 738 persons/ Sq.km




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(as per census, 2011)

6 No. of Households 3561

7 Floating Population 5920

8 Total length of Road

37.07 KM (A,B,C Type)

Cement concrete Road- 4 Km

Asphalt Road- 11 Km

Kutcha Road- 22 Km

9 Landfill site Area 4.0 acre

10 Waste generated per day 3 TPD

11 Slums and Urban Poor 3 (all notified)

12 Main tourist spot Tamboor Basavanna temple

2.11 Climatology

2.11.1 Climate Variations

Kalaghatagi has a tropical climate. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Kalaghatagi than in

summer. This location is classified as Aw by Köppen and Geiger. The temperature here

averages 25.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1142 mm. The driest month is January, with

0 mm of rainfall. With an average of 334 mm, the most precipitation falls in July. The

warmest month of the year is April, with an average temperature of 28.8 °C. December has

the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 23.0 °C. The difference in precipitation

between the driest month and the wettest month is 334 mm. During the year, the average

temperatures vary by 5.8 °C.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Avg. Temperature

(°C)

23.3 24.9 27.3 28.8 28.5 25.5 24.2 24.2 24.6 25.1 24.1 23

Min. Temperature

(°C)

16.4 17.7 20.2 22.2 22.7 21.9 21.3 21.1 20.7 20.3 18.5 16.6

Max. Temperature

(°C)

30.3 32.1 34.4 35.4 34.3 29.2 27.1 27.3 28.5 30 29.8 29.5

Precipitation / Rainfall (mm)

0 0 5 53 108 149 334 182 122 141 40 8




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Figure 6 : Graph showing Temperature and Rainfall Variation for a year in Kalaghatagi

Figure 7 : Graph showing Temperature variation for a year in Kalaghatagi

(Source: climate-data.org)




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2.12 Administrative Setup

Kalghatgi Town Panchayat has total administration over 3,561 houses to which it supplies

basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorized to build roads within Town

Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

Figure 8 : Administrative setup of Kalaghatagi Town Panchayat




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3 Solid Waste Management

3.1 The present scenario of SWM system in Kalghatgi

3.1.1 Actual calculation of Solid Waste Generation

A detailed estimate of the solid waste generation has been carried out with a Sample

Survey. Based on the average waste generation by each category total waste generation is

estimated. Samples are selected from each category of waste generators such as

Households, Markets, Street Sweeping, parks and gardens etc. The following table shows

number of source and the waste generated in each source based on the waste estimation.

Table 3-1 Waste generation estimation

S. N. Waste Generators No of Generators

Avg. waste / day in Kg

Total waste(Kg)

Total

(Tonnes)

1 Household 3414 0.9 3072.6 3.07

2 Slums 504 0.7 352.8 0.35

3 Veg. Markets 2 280 560 0.56

4 Petty Shops 56 1.2 67.2 0.07

5 Institutions 2 1.8 3.6 0.004

6 Hotels 29 15 435 0.44

7 Marriage Halls 3 85 255 0.26

8 Street Sweeping 0.80

9 Construction and Drainage 0.20

10 Floating Population 5920 0.1 592 0.59

Total 6.35

3.1.2 Normative Waste generation

The major sources of generating waste in Kalghatgi are households, commercial establishments,

educational institutions, markets, hotels and street sweeping operations. To arrive at number of

waste generators in the city, data like ward wise population, slum and non slum households and

street lengths of all type of roads were obtained from secondary sources. Households are taken from

the census, street length from the TP. Major Markets were individually assessed by the survey team.

Table 3-2: Ward wise Waste Generation

Ward Number No of HH projected for yr 2017

Population Projected for Year 2017

Waste Generation in MT (Yr 2017 @350 gm/capita/day)

1 324 1537 0.54

2 264 1255 0.44




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Ward Number No of HH projected for yr 2017

Population Projected for Year 2017

Waste Generation in MT (Yr 2017 @350 gm/capita/day)

3 241 1144 0.40

4 408 1939 0.68

5 531 2525 0.88

6 183 868 0.30

7 295 1399 0.49

8 240 1139 0.40

9 288 1368 0.48

10 279 1327 0.46

11 187 888 0.31

12 397 1887 0.66

13 281 1337 0.47

Total 3918 18612 6.51

3.2 Population Projection

For the proposed Detailed Project Report, it is necessary that future population growth and

their requirements are estimated to understand the gaps and shortfall in meeting various

requirements. The planning horizon of 5 years (till 2021) has been considered and

population projections have been made for 25 years. The three methods are Arithmetic

method, Incremental Method and Geometric Progression Method have been used to

project the population for Kalghatgi and the projected figures are given below. The

Population Projection is presented table below.

Table 3-3 Population Projection

Year Arithmetic Incremental Geometric Average

2017 19455 17961 18420 18612

2022 21569 17976 19773 19773

2027 23684 17213 21227 20708

2032 25798 15673 22787 21419

2037 27913 13355 24461 21910

2042 30028 10259 26259 22182

Source: AIILSG Analysis




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Figure 3-1 Population projections for the ULB


3.3 Solid waste generation Projection

In the present year 2017 estimated population of the Kalghatgi town is 18,612. Considering

the Solid Waste generation at the rate of 350 gm per capita per day the total waste

generated is 6.5 MT / day. The total waste generation as per generator based assessment

6.35 TPD. The estimated waste generation of 6.5 TPD in 2017 is adopted as a realistic waste

generation quantity for Kalghatgi. An average quantity of about 3 TPD of waste is collected

and disposed in the landfill site every day. The present collection and transportation

efficiency of MSW in Kalghatgi is calculated to be about 47%.

The waste generation would increase with increase in population and with growth in waste

generation rates. The population of the town would increase from 18,612 in 2011 to 19,773

in 2022 (project time frame). Hence as per MOUD norms the generation of waste in the

future years is calculated at 350 gm per capita per day.

With better segregation and improvement in the waste collection systems a decrease in

waste delivered to the disposal occur. The table below gives details of the projected and

estimated waste generation in Kalghatgi.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

2017 2022 2027 2032 2037 2042

Arthematical Increase

Incremental Increase

Geometric Increase

Average of Three Methods




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Table 3-4 Estimated solid waste generation in future

Year Projected

Population

Solid Waste Generated in Tons/Day

Total Solid Waste TPD

Biodegradable (50%) TPD

Recyclable (30%) TPD

Inert (20%) TPD

2017 18612 6.51 3.26 1.95 1.30

2022 19773 6.92 3.46 2.08 1.38

2027 20708 7.25 3.62 2.17 1.45

2032 21419 7.50 3.75 2.25 1.50

2037 21910 7.67 3.83 2.30 1.53

2042 22182 7.76 3.88 2.33 1.55

3.4 Waste Collection

The city is divided into 13 political wards. As per information from Panchayat about 3 TPD

waste is collected daily. One Auto Tipper & Two tractor trailers are deployed for waste

collection and transportation to landfill site.

3.4.1 Commercial areas and Markets

The Shops and other commercial establishments are estimated to generate about 1.3

tonnes of waste daily.

3.4.2 Hospital and Nursing home wastes

Bio medical waste generated by Hospitals and clinics is separately collected by a bio Medical

Waste Collection Agency from Hubli. It caters to all the healthcare establishments of the

town and independently handles the process of collection, transportation, treatment and

disposal of healthcare waste from medical establishments

3.4.3 Construction waste

Construction and demolition waste mostly consist of inert and non biodegradable material

such as concrete, plaster, metal, wood etc. These wastes are heavy, having high density

often bulky and occupy considerable storage space either on the road or communal waste

bin/container. Construction debris is also collected and dumped at the current dumping site

once a week.

3.5 Segregation




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Segregation is not done at the source and the waste collected from the households is in the

mixed form.

3.6 Street Sweeping

The total area of the town is 22.92 Sq.km and total road length is 348.03 km. The town is

not having any underground drainage system and work is under planning, town Panchayat

do not have proper roads and footpaths.

At present the city roads are not divided into different types of categories such as Type A

road, Type B road and Type C road. It is proposed that all the roads of the city need to

divided into 3 types.

Table 3-5Frequency for street sweeping

Sr. No Type of Road Length of road (km) Frequency of Sweeping

1 Type ‘A’ 5.00 Everyday

2 Type ‘B’ 6.03 Two or three times a week

3 Type ‘C’ 7.00 Once a week

4 Type ‘D’ 30.00 Once a month

Total 48.03

3.7 Tools Used

Most of the main streets consist of waste materials like plastic covers, paper waste etc. The

Sweeping staffs are provided with long hand brooms and many others, sweepers use their

hands and brooms to collect waste from waste heaps and put into plastic bags.

3.8 Transportation of wastes

Transportation of the solid waste generated in the town is being managed by Kalghatgi town

Panchayath. There are no intermediate storage depots in Kalghatgi; waste is directly

transported to the dumping site by vehicle. Secondary transportation refers to collection of

waste from street Sweeping and drain cleaning. Town Panchayat is presently managing the

secondary transportation with 2 tractor trailer.

Table 3-6 MSW transportation vehicles

Type Number Capacity

(Tonnes)

No. of

trips per

Distance

travelled

Quantity of waste

carried per day (MT)




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day (km/day)

Auto Tipper 1 0.75 1 1.5 0.75

Tractor-Trailer 2 1.5 1 or 2 1.5 2/ 2.25

Tracker-Placer

Ghanta Gadi - - - - -

TOTAL 3 TPD

3.9 Processing and Disposal of Wastes

The landfill site area is 2.22 acre and is at a distance of 3 km from Town Panchayath Office.

The landfill site is fenced on all sides with secured gates. The landfill is not provided with any

Leachate collection system and no provision of Vermicompost Pit at the landfill site.

3.9.1 Approach Road & Internal Road

The approach road and internal main and other roads already exist at landfill site.




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Figure 3-2 Contour Map of Existing Landfill site

3.9.2 Compound wall & Security cabin:




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A partial compound wall is existing at the landfill site. Watchman shed has been constructed

and is in use presently.

3.9.3 Bore well

1 bore wells are present at the landfill site.

3.9.4 Disposal method for waste collected from residential area

At present, no road side community bins are used; RCC bins are use in town for Street

sweeping and drain. The waste which is collected from door to door collection and street

sweeping i.e. transported directly to the dumping site without segregation and processing.

Hospital, Clinic and Nursing Homes collecting their own waste and directly send it to a CTP

at Hubli.

3.9.5 Disposal Method for waste collected from street sweeping

The waste collected at few open spots and the waste which is generated from street

sweeping is stored at community bins and the same is collected by tractors and transported

to the dumping site.

3.10 Staff involved in SWM

Following are the number of staff involved in the management of Solid Waste.

Table 3-7 Staff for MSWM

Department in-charge in the Town SWM cell / Health Section

Number Environmental Engineer --

Number of Supervisory Staff 1

Total No. of Subordinate staff including Sweepers etc 26

3.11 Municipal Solid Waste Composition

The composition of the waste becomes crucial to decide an efficient SWM system. To

understand the waste character disposed in the landfill site in Kalghatgi, An analysis of the

composition of the fresh waste was conducted for 2 days. 4 samples were selected and

analyzed for 2 consecutive days by using the quartering technique.

3.11.1 Physical Composition of MSW




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About 40 kg of fresh waste was selected randomly by the waste carrying vehicles for

conducting the quartering technique. About 10 kg of waste from the selected 40 kg of waste

was selected for conducting waste composition analysis. The selected 10 kg sample was

segregated with the help of rag pickers and each segregated material is weighed.

The analysis shows an organic content in the waste of 37.45%, 17.75 % recyclable materials

and 32.7% of silt and stone. The quantity of silt and stone is high because of collection of

waste from roads while sweeping.

The particulars of waste composition and analysis conducted are presented below based on

the analysis conducted at the landfill. The table below gives the average waste composition

of selected samples.

Table 3-8 Physical composition of waste in Percentage

Sr. No Particulars Day 1 In %

Day 2 In %

Average In %

1 Plastic Material 10.2 10.7 10.45

2 Paper 6.3 5.9 6.1

3 Cloth pieces 11.1 10.1 10.6

4 Organic Waste 41.2 41.4 41.3

5 Glass Pieces 0.7 0.9 0.8

6 Wood Pieces 2.7 3 2.85

7 Metal Pieces 0.7 0.7 0.7

8 Silt, Stone, & Moisture 27.1 27.3 27.2

Total 100 100 100 Source: Analysis by AIILSG

Figure 3-3 Physical Composition of MSW

10.45

6.1

10.6

41.3

0.8

2.850.7

27.2

Plastic Material

Paper

Cloth pieces

Organic Waste

Glass Pieces

Wood Pieces

Metal Pieces

Silt, Stone, & Moisture

Physical Composition of MSW




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Table 3-9 Composition of Indian Waste as per CPHEEO Manual

3.11.2 Chemical Composition of MSW –

Date of Sampling – 28/12/15

Type of Sample – Solid Waste

Sample received on date- 30/12/15

Analysis Date- 30/12/15 to 31/12/15

Reporting date- 01/01/16

Sample Location – TP Kalghatgi, Karnataka

Table 3-10 Chemical Composition of MSW in percentage

No. Parameters Results Unit

1 Moisture Content 19.37 %

2 pH of 10% Solution 7.99 -

3 Total Nitrogen (N) 2.14 %

4 Total Phosphates (P2O5) 1.97 %

5 Potash (K2O) 0.37 %

6 Organic Carbon 22.18 %

7 Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio (C : N) 162 : 1 -

8 Gross Calorific Value in Cal/gm 1037 Cal/gm




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Table 3-11 Composition of Indian Waste as per CPHEEO Manual

3.12 Segregation of recyclables wastes

There is no systematic mechanism of Segregation of recyclable waste in Kalghatgi.

Segregation of waste is not practiced at generator level or at disposal. The waste generators

like households, commercial establishments and other institutions usually dump recyclable

and non recyclable waste together in open points or in container bins located nearby. Very

few of the commercial establishments like hotels practice the segregation of waste by

storing food waste separately which is given to animal husbandry units. Presently there is no

mechanism of separate collection, transportation or processing of the bio degradable and

non bio degradable waste in Kalghatgi.

3.13 Present expenditure on Solid Waste Management

Following table explains the revenue expenditure regarding the Solid Waste Management at

Kalghatgi Town Panchayath.

Table 3-12 Expenditure & Revenue of existing solid waste management

Activities Expenditure

Salaries for SWM staff 18.72

Contracts (Street Sweeping) wages 11.52

O and M of the existing Vehicle, Miscellaneous if and DDT, Phenol 1.67

TOTAL 31.91




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Revenue being collected (existing):

Particulars Amount (Rs. in lakhs)

% of Property tax reserved towards SWM and cleaning activities 2.83

SWM Cess -

Sale of compost, recyclables, RDF etc -

Components of Town planning Fee, advertisement tax, birth / death certificate fee etc towards SWM and cleaning activities

-

Fines and fees available for SWM and cleaning activities 0.62

Others 0.32

Total 3.77




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4 Issues and Gaps of MSW Management

4.1 Gaps and issues in Kalghatgi

The analysis of the preliminary information collected of Kalaghatgi town, highlights certain

good measures and systems adopted by the town and certain areas that require

improvement and infrastructure development.

Door to door waste collection is undertaken in some parts of the city. Street sweeping and

drain cleaning are also done randomly. The town has made provision for adequate landfill

site and has constructed a vermicomposting facility.

The preliminary issues and gaps identified are:

As people do not practice segregation of waste at source, there is need for awareness

generation.

Although door to door collection is in some parts of the town, people also tend to

throw the waste on open ground, which is why the council has provided bins along the

streets. Despite this, there are some points in the town having open dumping.

Currently all the waste collected is only partially processed at the landfill site without

prior segregation, leading to the remaining waste lying there as it is.

There is lack of personnel operating at the processing facility.

The current collection and transportation system is not optimized.

The entire solid waste management system has to be gradually up scaled to meet the

future needs of the town. The system has to be planned for the increased quanta of

waste which have to be handled properly.

The Landfill site has to be retro-fitted to become a sanitary landfill site. The procedures

for its operation and maintenance have to be prepared and operationalised.

The financial management plans for the Solid waste management system have to be

reviewed and improved to assist in revenue generation and creating a sustainable and

self sufficient system.

Training for the staff in the solid waste management department to improve efficiency

and safety standards may be required.




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5 Potential Strategies suggested for MSWM

5.1 Concept Overview of Waste Management Proposed

The mechanism of solid waste management system in Kalghatgi requires a reorganized

model to meet the requirements of the MSW rules 2016. The major effort required in this

regard is towards the procedural improvements of the waste segregation at source,

transportation and disposal. Town Panchayath at present is collecting some of the waste

generated, but public awareness on the solid waste management is lacking. The strategies

are suggested in the following four areas:

Public awareness: Waste generation is increasing in urban areas as the use of packaged

consumer goods is increasing. The impacts of inefficient solid waste management are

directly related to public health. It is thus very essential that the citizens of the town be

equal partners with the town administration to reduce the problem of waste. Public

participation is thus the cornerstone in a successful solid waste management plan. Public

participation is essential in the following activities.

a) Reduce, Reuse & Recycling (R R R) of waste.

b) Not to throw the waste/litter on the streets drains, open spaces, water bodies, etc.

c) Storage of organic/bio-degradable and recyclable waste separately at source.

d) Primary collection of waste

e) Community storage/collection of waste in flats, slums, societies, commercial complexes,

etc and other waste source generators.

f) Pay adequately for the services provided.

Generating public awareness on these issues and garnering public participation for an

effective solid waste management in the town requires a sustained approach and efforts by

the administration and the elected representatives.

Collection of waste: It is proposed that collection from all the waste generators would be at

door step in each of the existing 13 wards. This would include residential, commercial and

Market area.




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Door to door collection of waste will reduce the burden of secondary collection system due

to reduced number of open points. The solid waste from markets and other common places

would be collected through sweeping teams. The waste collected from door to door system

and by the sweeping teams deployed for market areas and other public spaces will be

disposed in the landfill. Roads sweeping and drain cleaning would be a separate waste flow

from collection to disposal.

Collection of segregated municipal waste from the source of its generation is an essential step in solid waste management. Inefficient waste collection service has an impact on public health and aesthetics of towns and cities. Collection of wet and dry waste separately enhances the potential of cost effective treatment of such wastes and of deriving optimum advantage from the recyclable material fed into the system. 2 differently coloured bins, 10-15 litres each per household are recommended to promote and ensure segregation: • Covered Green Bin: Wet waste • Covered Blue Bin: Dry Waste

Waste Collection bins at optimum distance(between 25-250 meters)should be placed at public places to avoid littering On site composting of yard waste/

green waste could also be promoted

The proposed concept requires establishing primary waste collection and transportation

system. This would result in reduced burden of solid waste management on secondary

transportation and will reduce the number of open points in the town. Resource recovery is

a significant component of the new proposal. Dry waste collection centre would be set up as

per design requirements. It is also proposed to integrate the informal and recycling sector

involving rag pickers and kabadiwalas prevalent in Kalghatgi into the formal system by

recognizing their work and by providing required support services.

Role of the Informal Sector in Primary Waste Collection

The involvement of the informal sector is also to be examined and integrated into the waste

management system of the city. The informal sector in any city comprises of two systems i.e. the

kabadi system or the rag pickers.

The informal “kabadi system” network forms an important link in the overall waste recycling system

prevalent in the country. They can be compared to micro-entrepreneurs who buy reusable and




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recyclable material like newspapers, metal, glass, cardboards, plastics, etc. from households or

commercial areas. Citizens should be encouraged to continue the practice of selling recyclable

wastes to the “kabadi system”, as they constitute the first link in the waste recycling system.

Rag pickers are also an important part of the informal recycling system and are instrumental in

recovering discarded recyclables in disposed municipal waste that have not been bought by the

kabadi system. In an ideal system, rag pickers should be integrated into the system by training and

employing them for door-to-door collection of waste by the RWA’s, NGOs, CBOs and the like. The

rag pickers who work as waste collectors should be allowed to collect recyclables separately

alongside wet and dry fractions.

Rag pickers may also be encouraged to form cooperatives, through the involvement of local

NGOs/Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and may be allowed to collect recyclables from households. Such

initiatives will not only ensure a higher level of income to rag pickers, but will also ensure hygienic

conditions for rag pickers and environmentally safe waste recycling practices. Also, a lot of rag

pickers are usually harassed by the police, property owners, and shop keepers in the vicinity. Many

of them have to justify their work to various people and are condemned by society. Many of them

are in fact women, who have to live with the insecurity of harassment and threat to their livelihood.

Organizing them into cooperatives tend to protect their rights thereby retaining their dignity of

labour, work, their right to livelihood and right to access recyclables.

ULBs should make concerted efforts to integrate the informal sector of rag-pickers into

regular waste collection operations through the private sector, NGO’s, RWA’s etc

5.1.1 Transportation of waste

The transportation of the waste will be classified into primary and secondary transportation.

The primary transportation vehicles will be auto tippers, push carts and 4 wheeled

vehicles involved in door to door collection. These primary transportation vehicles

will collect the waste from the generators on a daily basis and dispose the waste at

landfill site.

The segregated wet waste would be directly transferred by twin compartment Auto

tipper to processing facility on landfill site. The waste collection in slum areas will be

done by push carts. The waste from the pushcarts shall be deposited in to the auto

tipper assigned in the respective zones.




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The secondary transportation of waste from road sweeping and drainage cleaning

will be done by tractor trailers. Tractor trailers will be used to transport drainage

waste and construction and demolition debris.

Truck mounted with pressure water jetting and suction machine

In order to ensure that sweepers do not dispose

waste into drains, same staff that is responsible

for cleaning street should be made responsible

for cleaning adjacent drains as well

Silt removed from surfaced rains and stored on

the shore of the drain should be collected as

soon as possible and transported directly to the

landfill

5.1.2 Disposal of waste

The final disposal of the waste has to be through a landfill site, after removal of the

recyclable and biodegradable waste. This need to be processed separately and only inert

and non biodegradable waste should be taken to the landfill site. The handling of waste and

the landfill site has to be scientific to avoid accidents.

5.2 Proposed Waste Flow Processes

The waste generated in the city will be collected using the following different types of

collection systems as follows


Prepared by:

AIILSG Pune

Prepared For:

Kalghatgi Town Panchayath

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Figure 5-1 Proposed Waste Flowchart for Kalghatgi. Source - Toolkit for MSWM, MoUD




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5.3 Storage of Waste at Source

No waste should be thrown on the streets, footpaths, open spaces, drains or water bodies,

nallas etc. Waste should be stored at source of waste generation in two bins/ bags, one for

food waste/ bio-degradable waste and another for recyclable waste such as papers, plastic,

metal, glass, rags etc.

Waste such as batteries , containers for chemical plastics pesticides, discarded medicines

and other toxic or hazardous household waste, if and when produced, should be kept

separately from the above two streams of waste.

5.4 Segregation of Waste at Source

The waste segregated at source is a resource itself. The local body may draw up a program

of conducting awareness campaign in various wards of the town utilizing the ward

committees, local NGO’s and resident welfare association. Detailed IEC programme is

provided in Chapter 8. Segregating waste at source is not an option but our responsibility.

[Recent Source segregation Promotional activity carried out by Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagaran Palike]




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5.5 Door to Door Collection and routing plan

Collection of municipal wastes from Households and commercial establishments like

provision stores and institutions like colleges, temples, theatres, malls etc would be part of

door to door collection system. The primary transportation vehicles like hand carts, auto

tippers or 4 wheeled tippers will be used for door to door collection. The deployed door to

door collection vehicles would visit each and every waste generator in the deployed area.

The collected waste will be disposed by these vehicles directly to landfill site. The containers

bins used for secondary storage are not viable or inefficient SWM system. Push carts are

proposed for collection of waste from slum and congested areas.

Door to door collection of waste would be introduced for collection of waste from

residential and commercial waste generators in Kalghatgi. Each service provider would be

responsible for conducting door to door collection operations in the allotted packages. The

service provider shall provide the man power, vehicles and equipments required for the

door to door collection mechanism.




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The residents and other waste generators are expected to store the waste and hand over

the waste to the door to door waste collection staff. Town panchayat should insist the

waste generators to dispose the waste only through door to door step mechanism and avoid

throwing the waste into open points and drainages. The door to door waste collection staff

would collect the waste each and every day including national holidays and Sundays.

TP should make it mandatory to waste generator that waste need to be segregated at

source. Also it has been advised to procure 3 Plastic bins at waste generator, so that waste

can be stored separately. The segregated dry waste and wet waste will be collected by Auto-

Tipper or four wheeled tipper. Auto Tipper or Ghantagadi will carry this waste to Dry Waste

collection centres to deposit dry waste separately and only wet waste will be carried to

Landfill site for further processing and disposal. The dry waste or Recyclable material can be

collected at regular intervals as may be convenient to the waste producer and the TP.

The door to door collection operations will be done using a combination of auto tippers and

push carts. The numbers of each type of vehicles required for door to door collection have

been calculated in the estimates for each individual package.

One auto tipper is suggested for 1400 HH (Assuming daily two trips to landfill site)

for individual Door to Door collection.

One Push Cart is suggested for 200 HH in congested and slum areas.

Optimized Route Micro-plan for Auto tippers –

Table 5-1 Optimized Route Microplaning

Kalghatgi TP

Microplanning of Door to Door Waste Collection

Vehicle No.

Trip Ward No.

Route Zones

No.of HH

2017

No.of HH 2022

Start Point

Area Covered End Point

Auto tipper 1

1 1,2 Zone 1 590 628 TP Hullikatti Tanda Slum,Harijan Koti Slum,Near Harijan Koti Area,Tavaragera

Landfill Site




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Kalghatgi TP

Microplanning of Door to Door Waste Collection

Vehicle No.

Trip Ward No.

Route Zones

No.of HH

2017

No.of HH 2022

Start Point

Area Covered End Point

1 3,4,7 Zone 2 940 999 TP Market Road,Jain Galli,Ashray Colony Slum,Dastikoppa Road,Lakshmi Temple main Road,Jain Oni Road,Joshi Galli Road.

Landfill Site

Auto tipper 2

1 5 Zone 3 534 568 TP Haliyal Kati Circle,Bendigiri Oni Road,.

Landfill Site

11,6 Zone 6 374 397 TP Gaudar Oni Road,Jain Oni Road.

Landfill Site

Auto tipper 3

1 8,9,10 Zone 4 804 848 TP Gramdevi Temple Road,Haliyal Kati Circle,Taluka Court,Haliyal Kalghatgi Road,Basveshwar Nagar,Ashray Plot.

Landfill Site

1 12,13 Zone 5 676 722 TP Haliyal Kati Circle,Hubli Karwar Road,Mundagod Road,Hubli Karwar Road,Jyoti Colony Slum,APMC,Bus Stop,Kalghatgi Taluka Office,Hubli Karwar Road,Machapur Tanda Slum,Janta English School,Taluka Court,Haliyal Kalghatgi Road.

Landfill Site

5.5.1 Streets sweeping

Conducting street sweeping operations, cleaning and removal of waste from public places,

office areas, administrative areas, markets, parks and other general places are considered

for collection of waste using sweeping mechanism. The street sweeping staff would clean

these areas regularly considering the quantity of waste generated in these generators. The

requirement of Push Carts and Tractor for the street sweeping are explained in the section

below. The sweepers should be compulsorily given safety equipments. The table below

gives the details of the safety equipments to be given to sweepers.




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Table 5-2 Details of personal protective equipments

Sl. no.

Safety equipment

Safety against Specifications Picture

1 Face mask Protect against dust/ infection

Standard surgical mask

2 Full arm

Uniform Protection against dust

Factory wear uniforms

3 Safety shoes Minor wounds while sweeping

PVC make, water proof shoes

4 Hand gloves Protection against infection

Standard toilet cleaning gloves

5 Eye glasses Protection against dust

Transparent factory wear

6 Head cover Protection against dust

Standard surgical wear

7 Brooms

Fan shaped &bunched (Delhi model) filament brooms

5.5.2 Targeted Waste Collection of Vegetable Market and Hotels




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The Bulk Waste generators which generate more waste will be cleaned daily. Separate Auto

Tippers required to be deployed for waste collection from Vegetable Market, Kalyan

Mandap and Hotels.

Table 5-3 Vehicles for collection & transport

Type of Vehicles Proposed (DPR) Existing nos. Nos. to be procured

Push carts 13 6 7

Twin Compartment Auto tippers

3 1 2

Tractor trailers 2 2 0

5.6 Biomedical Waste

Currently, the hospital and nursing home waste collection, transportation & disposal is done

by a biomedical waste collection agency. It is proposed that this system should be continued

in the future as well.

5.7 Dry Waste and E-waste Collection Centre

Dry waste collection centres are the decentralized units dedicated for collection of in

organic/ dry waste in the urban cities. The TP can generate revenue by conducting this

operation.

The dry waste collection centres would function as a social enterprise. The collection

centres would buy the recoverable from the waste generators and sell it to the whole sale

scrap dealers. The additional monetary benefits would be used for O & M of the facility.

The TP should insist on the private parties that the dry waste collection centres should be

set up and operated.

It is suggested that 1 dry waste collection centre (DWCC) needs to be installed at

appropriate location. Segregation of garbage into wet and dry waste is a simple and easy to

identify. However, segregating dry waste is more challenging.

Dry waste includes materials such as paper, plastic, glass, wire, cloth, leather, wire,

thermocol, metal, wood, rubber, rexine and fabric.

Households will need to encourage separately store dry waste at their premises. The TMC

would collect dry waste from their homes. Once a week, collection vehicle will separately




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collect dry waste from homes, which will then be taken to Dry Waste Collection Centers

(DWCC). Citizens on their own could also take their dry waste directly to DWCS. This waste

will be segregated into different types of dry waste and then sold to recyclers.

However, this will only works if the dry waste is free of any wet or food waste. People will

have to separately store the dry waste in their homes and if it is mixed with wet waste it will

only cause problems to them. The Pourkarmikas will not collect mixed waste from the

citizens and dry waste will be collected using separate collection vehicles, once a week.

Set up Dry Waste Collection Centre (DWCC)

Reduction of waste is also possible by setting up purchase / processing centres for dry

waste, like plastics, paper, etc. Dry waste collection center shall be set up by TMC in all the

wards Dry waste–shall be stored and delivered to the dry waste collection vehicle which

shall be provided by TMC or to the licensed DWCC set up on municipal / Government /

private lands. NGO’s, RWA’s, SHGs, collectives. Institutions, Trusts, Universities, Companies,

licensed recyclers or scrap dealers may be appointed as the sole Licensed Agents of TMC for

maintaining dry waste collection centres and /or operating such dry waste sorting centres.

SHG’s/Waste pickers need to be identified and encouraged to come forward to maintain the

DWCC. Such centre’s would ensure that the recyclable material is sold through properly

created channels to ensure that the recycled goods are not misused. According to dry waste

the DWCC shall pay the Pourkarmikas /Waste-picker or any individual who bring the waste

to the centres as notified by TMC from time to time, this will encourage the public to

segregate the waste at source.

Waste managers at DWCC shall perform secondary and tertiary sorting of the waste, DWCC

before finally selling it to recycling centre’s. Collecting in bulk provides these informal sector

workers with larger returns, and creates more jobs. They aim to keep as much waste out of

the landfills/ waste dumps as possible and to help make waste useful and profitable. In the

process they also educate people about the importance of segregation, and provide safe

and hygienic work conditions to waste management workers.




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These DWCC will further segregate the dry waste collected from the garbage and sell them

in recycling market. The plastic waste is taken up by us which is reused/recycled for

manufacturing various products.

For Collection of E – Waste – E-waste should be collected and transported to the DWCCs

which shall have separate containers for this waste. As per the guidelines of hazardous

waste management division of Central Pollution Control Board, there is a need to encourage

recycling of all useful and valuable material from e-waste so as to conserve the ever

depleting natural resources.




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5.8 Construction and Demolition waste

Construction and demolition waste has been defined as ‘waste which arises from

construction, renovation and demolition activities. Also included within the definition are

surplus and damaged products and materials arising in the course of construction work or

used temporarily during the course of on-site activities. The various streams of wastes to be

considered will include; Excavated materials, Concrete, Tiles, brick, ceramics, asphalt

concrete, Plaster, Glass, Metal and steel, Plastics, Wood, asphalt, and Concrete rubbles, etc.

Currently Town Municipal council is dumping all C & D waste into low lying area or Landfill

site. It is proposed to continue dumping of C & D waste in designated area identified by TP.

5.9 Zero Waste Management

It is proposed that the ULB should begin zero waste practices in 2 wards during the DPR time

frame, and this area should be widened and broadened in a phase-wise manner in the

coming years. The process to achieve the same is explained in the following flow chart.

By definition, zero waste management begins at source, namely by segregating waste

generated into three main categories. These categories are broadly as follows –

1. Wet Waste

2. Dry Waste

3. Inert Waste




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Segregated waste will be collected at source in the designated zero waste ward. The wet

waste will be composted using aerobic composting or vermicomposting as prime methods

or will be deposited in a biogas plant within the ward. The byproducts (compost and/or

biogas) produced after processing of the wet waste will be used for gardening and

plantations within the same wards. Biogas/biomethanation plants of small scale (500kg)

shall be sufficient for each ward. The dry waste produced within the same designated

ward(s) shall be collected by dedicated rag pickers and shall be bailed or sold to scrap

dealers. 2-3 rag pickers are proposed at each ward level for this purpose. Plastic and tetra

packs shall be bailed and the remainder along with metal and paper shall be sold as

recyclables. The quotations provided by a few scrap dealers are attached in the annexure

for further reference. The inert waste or C&D waste generated shall be deposited to low

lying areas and shall be used as filling material in construction of roads (within the wards).

IEC and Public awareness activities play a huge role in the achievement of zero waste

management. The ULB shall employ campaigns, rallies, and leaflet and pamphlet

distribution within the designated ward to educate the common man about the advantages

of zero waste management. Motivational activities should be conducted to promote the

same. Elaborate details for conducting IEC campaigns are given in Chapter Error! Reference

source not found. Error! Reference source not found.




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6 Solid Waste Management: Landfill Site

The integrated waste management facility at Kalghatgi is proposed to be set up at existing

dumping ground. The area available at the processing and landfill site is 2.22 acres located

at distance of 3 kilometres from the city.

6.1 Technology Selection

The moisture content in Indian waste is high due to the high food and other organic content

in waste. In Kalaghatgi if the silt wastes are removed from the waste stream the organic

matter is about 40-60 %. Such high moisture contents lead to low calorific value on as

received basis. Thermal processing is difficult and would require energy addition. Further as

mixed wastes are received there is always a threat of combusting plastics which can lead to

dioxins and furans release. It is recommended that no thermal processing technologies be

adopted in Kalaghatgi.

Compost, vermicompost and Biomethanation plants are working successfully in many places

in India. These technologies recover the organic matter and make them into compost which

is a good soil conditioner and useful for soil management. Biomethanation has many useful

by-products like biogas, compost and potential use of the liquid as pest repellent etc. From

the agrarian environment of Kalghatgi the adoption of organic recovery solutions like

composting and vermicompost are the preferred options. We do not recommend

Biomethanation at present as segregation is a primary requirement for successful operation

of Biomethanation plants and this is not yet in practice. The Physical processing

technologies are useful to recover some of the non organic matter and should be integrated

into the main technology solution linked to organic waste recovery through composting.

Based on the above analysis it is recommended to have Compost (key ingredient in organic

farming) and Vermicompost (process of compost) based waste management facility. This

would be supported by the recycling of plastics and other in organics. This technology

proposed is simple and easy to implement with potential to meet the overall objectives of

waste management elucidated above. This is cost effective.




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The integrated waste management facility would consist of waste receipt and segregation

facility, composting, Vermicomposting, plastic recycling, brick making and landfill. The

material flow for the integrated waste management facility for Kalghatgi is given below.

6.2 Aerobic Composting

Composting is a process of microbial degradation where organic matter is broken down by a

succession of organisms in a warm, moist aerobic environment (controlled conditions).

Composting is a form of recycling. Like other recycling effort, the composting of municipal

solid waste can help decrease the amount of solid waste that must be sent to a landfill

thereby reducing disposal costs. Composting also yields a valuable product that can be used

by farmers, landscapers, horticulturists, government agencies and property owners as a soil

amendment or mulch. The compost product improves the condition of soil, reduces erosion

and helps suppress plant diseases.

Composting is an age old practice and the word compost is as old as agriculture itself. The

solid wastes of plant and animal origin are utilized for conservation of carbon and

mineralization.

6.2.1 Use of Inoculums

Special inoculum containing several pure strains of developed, laboratory-cultured micro-

organisms, which are essential in the decomposition of organic matter, can be used for

accelerated decomposition and quality improvement.

Microorganism used can be:

Bacillus sp.

Trichoderma sp.

Aspergillus sp.

Phanerochaete sp.

6.2.2 Layout Planning of Facil ity

The integrated facilities have been planned at waste site. Detailed layout plan and other

drawing of the waste processing and disposal facility is given in annexure.




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Table 6-1Details of Landfill Layout

Existing Area of Kalaghatgi Site 10343.08 Sq.Mt

Items to be Considered Existing Proposed Area Sq.mt

Existing landfill site Yes

324

Landfill Site No. 1

Yes 1360

Landfill Site No. 2

Yes 1360

Lab

Yes 96

Office

Yes 48

Toilet

Yes 37

Security Cabin Yes

15

Windrow platform 1 Yes

750

Monsoon Shed

Yes 240

Machine Shed Yes

294

VCP Shed

Yes 316

Vermi Degradation Platform

Yes 120

Vehicle Parking

Yes 165

Vehicle Washing area

Yes 90

Weighbridge

Yes 30

Leachate Collection Tank

Yes 18

Leachate Drain (windrow) length

Yes 76 M

Leachate drain Length (Landfill to Sump)

Yes 63 M

Storm Water Drain

Yes 393 M

Road Areas Yes

202 M

Compound Wall Yes

126.3 M

Compound Wall

Yes 298 M

Total

5263




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Figure 6-1 Proposed Landfill Design




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The overall concept is to design waste processing and landfill site in coherence with the

existing facilities. It proposed to place the Waste Processing facilities towards the central

side of land. Adjacent to security building and additional office and lab building would be

constructed. Toilet facilities would also be provided. A parking area for vehicles, additional

composting facility, and vehicle cleaning unit is provided.

Table 6-2 Details of Common Facilities proposed at site

SI.

No.

Component Details

1 Boundary Wall There is partial existing boundary wall around the site and 212M is

proposed.

2 Internal Roads There is an existing road at the site

3 Entrance gate Gate is present at the entry of the facility.

4 Weighbridge It is proposed to have 30 tons weighbridge of electromechanical type

with 3 m x 9m loading platform at the entry of the waste

management facility. The weigh bridge system would have a vehicle

monitoring and staff time monitoring system.

5 Office building,

Lab and toilet

block

It is proposed to have office Building 5.9 X 9.3 Sq. M, Lab 9.8 X 9.3 Sq.

M & 4.5 X 3.8 Sq. M two toilet blocks with separate provision for men

and women.

6 Vehicle Parking It is proposed to have a vehicle parking at the site.

7 Power facilities Power connection is available at the facility. In addition it also

proposed to have a back up D G set of 60 KV capacities.

8 General Services The general services include the lighting of the facility for minimum

20 lux. No night operations are proposed and hence limited lighting is

adequate. Fire fighting tools are services are proposed including

preparation of a fire fighting requirement assessment and plan

preparation.

9 Plantation around

the boundary

Plantation will be proposed on the inner side of the compound wall in

3 rows.

Table 6-3 Details of Structures Proposed

Name of the building / civil structure Cost / Sq. M , Cost /

RMT Or Unit cost

Total Cost (Rs. in

Lakhs)

Weighbridge 5.61

Civil Work for Monsoon Shed Platform 2647.06 6.35

Civil Work for Monsoon Shed 7040.79 16.90

Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter 1289.18 5.07

Civil Work Leachate Collection Tank 3.48

Civil Work Leachate Collection Drain 772.40 0.59

Civil Work Compound Wall 6014.07 17.92

Total 55.92




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6.3 Processing Decomposed Garbage

The un-segregated garbage when completely decomposed turns into black colour, earthy

aroma and free from pathogens. This decomposed material is passed through the process

machineries, which are simple and highly effective.

The contraries that are non-degradable materials like plastics, metals, glass, rubber and

other inert materials are easily separated in four stages of screening. The sieving operations

eliminates bits, sticks, gravels, metals and glass pieces making the end product highly

uniform in size and quality.

Use of inoculums like consortium of degrading micro organisms / cow dung solution has

been recommended mainly to reduce period of decomposition to around 40 to 45 days and

also to prevent foul smell and Leachate generation.

6.4 Proposed Infrastructure at Landfill Site

6.4.1 Windrow platform

This is an area where the entire waste received is turned at regular intervals. Windrow

platform of 17 X 44 sq. m exists at the landfill site at Kalghatgi. In the instant case the

concrete yard is designed in such a way that the fresh garbage received during the first 30

days is decomposed so that the volume and weight of the organic matter is considerably

reduced. Inertisation is attained and the stability of organic matter is expected after 30

days. Decomposed matter is processed to obtain coarse organic manure (semi processed

organic manure). The semi processed organic manure is allowed for stabilization for another

15 days and screened so that the final end product in the form of organic manure is

received after passing through 4mm sieve. Such organic manure is a completely

decomposed organic matter which is sanitized and stabilized.

6.4.2 Office building and Laboratory

An office building with a laboratory and toilet facility is proposed at the landfill site.

6.4.3 Leachate Tanks




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Leachate tanks are designed in such a way that the Leachate generated during the course of

decomposition of organic fraction of waste is collected in the drains leading to Leachate

tanks. Leachate tank of 6 X 3 X 1.2 Cu M is proposed at the site in order to facilitate further

treatment of Leachate.

6.4.4 Tree Plantation

Three rows of Plantation are to be proposed along the boundary wall of the landfill site so

that the nearby habitation will not disturb the project in future.

6.4.5 Machinery shed

The shed will be required for Trommel, Vibro-Screening Machine and Plastic Bailing

Machine. This shed could also be used for storing accessories, various parts of the

machineries, processing equipments, oil & lubricants etc. Machine Shed of 15.8 M X 18.8 M

is already present at landfill site.

6.4.6 DG set

A 60 kV DG set is proposed as an alternative power.

6.4.7 Monsoon shed

Monsoon shed of 12 X 20 Sq. m, with 5 M height is proposed to process the waste even

during rainy season as 8 to 10 days material will be protected from rain water

6.4.8 Power Supply

A total power supply of 65 KV is necessary to take care of composting activity including

lighting in the composting area.

6.4.9 Processing Machinery, Vehicles and Equipments

Mainly, three machineries are proposed to be present at the landfill site, namely 35mm

sieve trommel, 14 mm sieve trommel, 4 mm sieve trommel. Their respective feeder and

reject conveyors are also proposed.




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A tractor trailer shall be used for internal transport of waste in the landfill site. A Back-Hoe

Loader front (already existing with the TP) with backhoe is proposed to be used for turning

of waste in the windrows.

6.4.10 Rain Water Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is accumulation & deposition of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather

than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from roofs, and in many places the water

collected is redirected to a deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), a reservoir with percolation.

Its uses include water for gardens, livestock, irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment,

and indoor heating for houses etc. The harvested water can also be used as drinking water,

longer-term storage and for other purposes such as groundwater recharge.

This technology is used for collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops, the land surface

or rock catchments using simple techniques of digging pits as well as more complex

techniques such as underground check dams. The techniques usually found in Asia and

Africa arise from practices employed by ancient civilizations within these regions and still

serve as a major source of drinking water supply in rural areas. Commonly used systems are

constructed of three principal components; namely, the catchment area, the collection

device, and the conveyance system.

For Construction of Rainwater Harvesting Project, which would carry rainwater runoff from

rooftops & along the roof lining, buildings for Office and commercial sectors needs specific

requirements as stated below.

• Maximum roof coverage area should be considered, which includes monsoon shade,

machine shade and vermicomposting shades and any other temporary or extended

shades which are along the office building.

• Pipelines carry the water to the recharge pits provided inside the premises.

• Every recharge pit is measuring of 4 x 3 x 3 cum.

6.4.10.1 RECHA RGE P IT BU ILDING

• Dig a pit 4m wide near the office or structure till you reach the water level.




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• Dig one more meter deep and put a layer of charcoal and 1/2 meters of river sand

which acts as a strainer. If required, use an iron sheet all around the pit to keep the pit

from collapsing. Remove the sheet after you put charcoal and one and half meters of

river sand.

• Connect one pipe to the DOWNPIPE that comes from the roof.

• A strainer at the top will keep leaves and other wastes from going down along with the

rainwater.

• Rainwater displaces the dense hard water underground. If water comes up to the

surface, put half a meter of ordinary sand on top of river sand. This will prevent the

water from overflowing. Once a week, pour bleaching powder solution through the pipe

on the roof. This will cleanse the pipe thoroughly on regular basis.

Figure 6-2Details of Different Layers in Recharge Pit

6.4.10.2 MAINTENA NCE OF RECH ARGE P IT

The Recharge Pits have to be cleaned regularly as it would have clogged with run-off sand,

mud, leaves etc. Clean the recharge pit once a year. Dig out the filler material. And fill it

once again with clean materials.

6.5 Design of recommended processing and disposal options

The detailed drawings of the processing and disposal facilities have been provided in

annexure. The design details are provided for each of the facility below.




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6.5.1 Waste Segregation Facil ity

The waste arriving at the integrated waste management facility is weighed at the gate and

data recorded. The vehicles arriving are smart segregated. Waste from the markets and

segregated wet waste to an extent of 2 tons per day is sent to the vermicompost facility.

The balance of the materials are taken to the segregation facility and tipped, which is

followed by aerobic composting process.

6.5.2 Aerobic composting facil ity

Aerobic Composting is used for stabilizing organic matter. Composting can be used for

mixed wastes and results in production of stable product- compost which depending upon

its quality can be used as soil conditioner or potting medium. In this section the detailed

design and technical specifications of the compost facility are discussed.

Aerobic Waste decomposition processes: an overview

Aerobic composting involves the stabilization of the organics into compost by

microorganisms, which require the oxygen in air for their survival and growth. During this

process of conversion heat is released. There are ideal limits for different parameters within

which these microorganisms survive. Adequate moisture is required for the microorganisms

to survive and composting to take place. If these conditions are ensured to be stable the

compost quality and time of composting process can be controlled. In batch conditions the

composting process continues at progressively reducing rate as the oxygen becomes a

limiting factor or organics get consumed. To ensure the survival of these organisms the

availability of oxygen in the waste being composted has to be ensured through provision of

air. For economic reasons the time of composting is restricted till the major conversion is

done and subsequently compost maturing is taken up till the compost is safe for application

to plants. The organics typically have high moisture and in the compost process this is

removed. There are different possible configurations of holding waste and providing air for

aerobic composting. The selection of this is based on economics and competence in

handling technology. The various parameters that affect the composting process and the

compost quality are organisms population, carbon Nitrogen ratio, temperature, aeration

and moisture. The above-mentioned controlling parameters need to be monitored in the

industrial scale plant. In large composting operations it is necessary to monitor the




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wastewater, which comes out of the organic waste, called Leachate. The production of this

Leachate has to be minimized and whatever Leachate is generated has to be collected and

reused for maintaining the moisture content of the heap and as an inoculums.

Design choices

There are many alternative approaches, which have been adopted for composting of

municipal solid wastes based on the broad principle of aerobic composting. The following

approach has been adopted for Kalghatgi. The waste as received is pre-sorted. The waste is

formed into windrows and aerated. Roof is proposed for the composting yard. The design is

based on a 35-day waste composting cycle with 15-day additional provision in concrete yard

for additional waste load and for management during monsoons.

Sizing of plant

The composting plant has been grouped into 3 parts. The inert sing part, which is the basic

composting process consisting of the wastes windrowing process including aeration so that

a stabilized material is produced. The second part is the compost segregation plant also

called the processing facility where the stabilized wastes are segregated into compost and

rejects and finally maturation and storage part. As discussed previously the processing

facility is designed to handle 30 tons per day.




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Waste processing facility

Step 1: The waste is transferred from segregation facility to the aerobic composting yard.

Step 2: The segregated waste is sent to the windrow platform. The windrow is then sprayed

with bio culture slurry.

Step 3: The windrow is maintained for 7 days. The temperature is monitored to ensure that

the composting process is ongoing. The leachate from the windrow comes out and is

collected in the drain. The drain is connected to the leachate tank. The leachate from

leachate tank is used for making the inoculum slurry.

Step 4: At 7 days from start the first windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would have

reduced by 15% compared to start with moisture reduction and degradation. While re-

forming the windrow addition of inoculums slurry and water to maintain the moisture is

done using the trailer mounted slurry tank. The temperature profile in the second windrow

is monitored. The leachate from the windrow may come out and is collected in the drain.

Step 5: At 14 days from start the second windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would

have reduced by about 15% compared to start of windrow 2 with moisture reduction and

degradation. The balance of the waste is reformed into the third windrow. Addition of water

is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in the third windrow is monitored. No

leachate is expected from now on.

Step 6: At 21 days from start the third windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would

have reduced by about 15% compared to start of windrow 3. The wastes are reformed into

the fourth windrow. Addition of water is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in

the fourth windrow is monitored.

Step 7: At 28 days from start the fourth windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would

have reduced by about 5% compared to start of windrow 4. The wastes are reformed into

the fifth windrow. Addition of water is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in

the fifth windrow is monitored. This is the maturing stage of the compost.

Step 8: At 35 days the waste is now composted and it is transferred to the processing line

initial hopper.




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Step 9: The aerobic composting waste is fed into the trommel in the processing line. It is

transferred to the conveyor, which lifts it into the first rotary sieve. The rotary sieve has 35

mm punched holes.

The waste not passing through the sieve is the reject, which is then transferred using the

belt conveyor to the reject platform. The material passing is then transferred to the second

rotary sieve using belt conveyors. The second sieve has 14 mm holes. A third sieve of 4 mm

punched holes is also provided for fine composting, to be sold as Grade I compost. The

materials not passing through the sieve is transferred out using a chute. The materials

passing through the sieve is transferred using a chute to a heap. The compost at the heap is

further processed with admixtures or directly bagged for sale.

The material of size between 35 mm and 14 mm is sold as grade II compost and the

materials less than 4 mm is grade I compost. Additional products with different admixtures

are made and sold as niche products. The present design does not provide the mixing and

grinding facility for compost upgradation, as this would depend on marketing plans. Space

for provision of these facilities is provided. Bagging is proposed manually.

Step 10: Materials recovery from the rejects is undertaken and the recyclables are stored in

the recyclables shed.

The reject are taken out for disposal in landfill daily. The recyclables are sold when adequate

quantity is available for transport. The compost is sold as per demand.




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Table 6-4 Process Flow Table

Process Kalaghatgi

Pro

cess

ing I

st Stage Incoming Waste

Feed Material Town Garbage

Material Properties

Mixed MSW TPD Volume Reject




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Process Kalaghatgi

Incoming Garbage Inocuulants Addition 6.51 10.85

Moisture Addition

Sanitisation (at 55-65

o C) for two

weeks

Ist

Heap / Windrow Formation ( Moisture : 55 - 65%)

5.21 7.10 1.95

IInd

Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture : 55 - 62 %)

4.56 9.86

Decomposition (at 55-65

o C)for two

weeks

IIIrd

Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture : 55%) 3.91 7.10

IVth

Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture : 55 - 62 %)

3.58 5.43

Shifting in Rain shed 3.26 4.93

IInd

Stage

Feed Material Digested Compost (from Yard)

Material Properties

Moist, Bumpy, Heterogenous, Sticky

Coarse Segregation

Lump breaking , opening up , segregation and screening of fine material. (Below 35 mm)

3.26 4.48 0.65

Screening and Seperaion of material 2.60 3.23 0.98

(Below 14 mm)

Oversized Rejections 1.63 2.02

(For recycling or sanitary land filling)

IIIrd

Stage

Feed Material Screened material (Below 14 mm)

Material Properties

Moist, Lumpy, Sticky

Curing Shifting of material to curing section for further digestion / maturation & moisture management

1.02 1.26 0.20

Addition of Rock Phosphate, mixing & turning 0.81 1.01

Shifting of material to refinement line.

Co

mp

ost

R

efin

eme

nt

Sect

ion

IVth

Stage

Feed Material Screened Material (Below14mm)

Material Moist , Sticky




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Process Kalaghatgi

Properties

Refinement Screening and separation below 4 mm, Oversized rejections sent for re-sanitisation.

0.65 0.81 0.16

separation of heavy impurities as sand , glass , stones etc.

0.49 0.61 0.03

Standardization and Quality control.

Mixing od additives ( Liquid/ Granules ) to improve quality of end products.

0.46 0.56

-0.03

Storage Finished good packing and shifting to storage section.

0.49 0.61

Rejects going into the Landfill 1.01

Figure 6-3 Waste Process Flow Chart




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In general, as the average windrow shape is between an oval and trapezoid a factor of 0.66 is assumed to estimate windrow volumes, therefore the equation for volume of the windrow is: Volume = Height X Width X Length X 0.66 Windrow dimensions should allow conservation of heat generated during compo sting process while also maintaining diffusion of air to the deeper portions of the windrow Windrows should be turned frequently, once a week over 5 weeks to maintain aeration, porosity and enhance degradation Frequency of turning depends upon: • moisture content, • porosity of material, • rate of microbial activity, and • desired composting time




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7 Design of Landfill

7.1 Design and Development of Sanitary Landfill Facility

The construction of landfill facility for all the cells shall be as per the specification and

drawings. Design of each cell of landfill facility is decided as per the topographical conditions

of the site area, subsequently development should be in same sequence. The Design

Fundamentals of Sanitary Landfill site at Kalghatgi is presented in the table below.

Table 7-1 Design Fundamentals of Sanitary Landfill Site

Sl. No. SLF Components Details Unit

1. Total Waste to be disposed in SLF for next 25 year 73000 Ton

2. Waste to be disposed in SLF every year 2920 Ton

3. Waste to be disposed in SLF daily 8 Ton

4. Present Available area for SLF activity 2320 Sq. M

5. Number of proposed Cells 2 Number

6. Dimension of Proposed Landfill Cell L1 (Height of Cell Total 10 m - 5 M below ground and 5 M above ground Level)

58 Length (M)

20

7. Dimension of Proposed Landfill Cell L2 (Height of Cell Total 10 m - 5 M below ground and 5 M above ground Level)

58 Breadth (M)

20

8. Required Area for next 25 year for SLF + Bund area 2232 Length (M)

9. Existing Area can cater to the requirement for next 26 Breadth(M)

10. Additional Landfill are Required for ULB after complete use of Existing Site

0

11. Bulk density of compacted solid waste 0.8 Ton / M3

12. Waste application height 5 meters (above

ground level)

13. Bottom liner slope (Transversely) 1% % Towards center

of each cell.

14. Leachate drainage slope (Longitudinal) 1% % Towards

leachate sump.

15. Inner side slopes of Embankment 01:02.5 (V: H)

16. Outer side slopes of Embankment 01:02.5 (V: H)




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7.2 Bio Remediation at previous engineering site

Bio-remediation is use biological organism to solve environmental problem. It is the

collective range of cleanup methods by using natural micro-organism (such as bacteria,

plant, Fungi etc.) to degrade hazardous organic contaminants to environmentally less toxic.

Figure 7-1 Options for treatment of Existing MSW Dump on the Site

Process of Bio-augmentation - Since the treatment is proposed only for the remaining

degradable waste on site, the process of bio-augmentation is very simple and cost effective.

• Step 1 – Loosening of waste using tractor or Back-Hoe Loader.

• Step 2 – Spraying of Bio-culture on the waste ( for decomposition of remaining

waste)

• Step 3 – Sieving the degraded waste - Sieved out waste can be used as manure.

• Step 4 – Rejected waste will be recyclable and inert. - The recyclable waste will be

recycled and the inert waste will be used for levelling at dumping site.

Table 7-2 Area at Landfill Site after Bioremediation and Segregation

Area of the previous engineering landfill site 4668 sq. m

Assuming Depth of previous engineering landfill site 2.5 m

Volume of Waste to be Bio remediated from previous engineering 11670 cu m

Existing

Dumping Site

Bio Remediation

Segregation

Compost Plastic Paver Block

Construction

Inert

Packaged &

Sold Off

RDF & Road

Construction Debris for Road

Construction

For Land

filling

New

Sanitary Landfill Site

Recyclables




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landfill site

Assuming Density of Waste 0.7

Total weight of Waste in previous engineering landfill site 8169 Ton

Inert waste (10%) to be resent to landfill 816.9 Ton

Area required to be deducted (to resent inserts to landfill) 116.7 sq. m

Net area available from previous engineering landfill site after Bio Remediation

4551 sq. m

Existing Area can cater to the requirement for next 26 Year

Total area available for landfill site after application of Bio remediation to previous engineering landfill site 6871

sq. M

Total Area can cater to the requirement for next 77 year

The following method of Bio remediation; i.e. Bio Augmentation will be suitable for the

treatment of the dumped waste. In Bio Augmentation, the current solid waste has to be

loosened with a tractor or Excavator. After the loosening, the culture will be sprayed on the

solid waste. It will increase the rate of degradation of the waste. After this stage, sieving of

the degraded waste will be done and sieved out waste will be manure and can be used as

compost. The rejected waste which will be inert or recyclable can go into landfill or into

suitable processes for recyclable waste.

Table 7-3 Percentage Recovery of Recyclable Waste

Sl. No.

Fractions Resource Description

% recovery

Application Remarks

1 Finest Fraction

Organic matter + fine Soil Bio-Earth A grade

30% Manure in organic farming

As a soil improver, restoring alkaline or saline soils to fertility, improves soil breathing and water retention capacity

2 Coarser Fraction

Coarse Organics and sand Bio-Earth B grade

30%

Manure cum soil aggregate in farm applications

Used to control soil erosions, as an organic manure in tree pits, improves soil breathing and water retention capacity

3

Heavy Fraction

Pebbles (Between 20 and 40 mm)

10% Construction and filling in low lying areas

Used for road shoulders

4 Pebbles (Between 40 and 80 mm)

8% Construction and filling in low lying areas

Used for road shoulders

5 Tender cocoanut shells

2% As a Fuel Used to produce bio-bricks and in hydroponic cultivation

6 Light fraction

Plastic and other recyclables

10% Recycling

Reduces the use of virgin materials

7 Non-recyclable combustibles

P2F (Plastic to Fuel)

Increasing diesel prices making P2F more attractive

8 Residuals Inert materials 10% Land filling Extends the life span of land fill sites




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On the landfill site of the 10% of inert waste need to be re dumped on landfill after

bioremediation. As explained above, the required area considering the volume to be

deposited on landfill after Bioremediation and segregation along with the volume required

for sanitary landfill site is given.

7.2.1 Construction Procedure

Construction of landfill should be followed in the sequence given below:

S. No. Activity Possible Parallel / Independent Activities

1. Grading and levelling Service road around the site, fencing & green belt area

2. Side soil bund Power supply, water supply, Workshop, Leachate pond, office buildings, compost yard, weigh Bridge, waste segregation platform

3. Bottom line system Storm water drain around the side soil bund

4. Leachate collection and conveying system

Leachate collection sump

5. Side liner system Bottom line system

6. Leachate collection sump Installation of pumps

7. Installation of pumps for Transferring Leachate

-

8. Storm water drain around the side soil bund

Peripheral service roads, green belt

9. Monitoring wells -

10. Approach Road Strom water drain

11. Green belt area -

12. Top liner system -

7.2.2 Grading, Leveling and Base Formation

Before the construction of landfill facility, site shall be properly cleared from any shrubs and

bushes. A benchmark has to be fixed at an immovable known point. Site shall be levelled

and compacted. As the highest ground water table is at about 1 m from ground level, it is

suggested to have filling by hard murum of 0.5 m thick and compacting the same. The filler

material is levelled to get the desired slope of 1 %.




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Figure 7-2 Line Placement at edges of Landfill

Figure 7-3 Line Placement at edges of Landfill

7.2.3 Side Soil Bunds

In order to prevent the sliding movement of the waste, earth bunds has to be constructed

over the sides of landfill. The soil bunds are of trapezoidal shape. As per the design, the

landfill is 6 meters above the ground level and 4 meters below ground level. Total height

considered is 10 meter. The inside slope is of 1:2.5 (V: H). Soil bunds shall be of hard murum

with required specification. The soil has to be tested as per the parameters mentioned in

Quality assurance plan. During construction of bunds, soil has to be laid in layers of about 30

cm and each layer has to be well compacted before going for next layer. During compaction

the soil shall be at its optimum moisture content so as to achieve maximum compaction.

Soil bund is of 3 meters height with inner and outer slopes of 1: 2.5 (V: H). the top width of

soil bund is 3 meters.

Figure 7-4 Placement of the HDPE Liner over the Clay Liner




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Figure 7-5 Placement of the Gravel Drainage Layer and Geotextile over the Clay Liner

Figure 7-6 Leachate Collection Pipes are to be connected to a sump through the Liner

7.2.4 Bottom & Side Liner System of Sanitary Landfil l Facil ity

A liner system is the barrier that separates waste from the environment. The bottom and

sideliner system must effectively stop the migration of Leachate from the landfill for many

years. In order to prevent the migration of Leachate from the landfill facility, the bottom

and side lining system is of minerallic type, with different layers and specifications. First

after grading and levelling the site, filling by hard Murum is carried out as per the designed

slope.

Over the filled material, 90 cm thick clay liner has to be laid. While laying clay liner, the

permeability of clay should be lesser than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec and the moisture content shall be

at its optimum moisture content. Clay layer of bottom liner shall be laid in layers of about 45

cm thick and should be well compacted with a vibrating Roller of 4 to 5 tons. After

compaction the clay layer shall be left out for natural drying and settlement for at least 5 to

6 days. If any cracks develops in clay liner that has to be grouted with Bentonite.




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Figure 7-7: Welding of HDPE Geomembrane

Over the clay liner, a High Density Poly- Ethylene (HDPE) liner of 1.5 mm thick has to be

provided. The joints of the HDPE liner have to be welded by Lap joint method. HDPE liner

shall be of two sides textured. Over the HDPE liner, a Geo-textile membrane of 1.5 mm thick

of non-woven type & Poly-propylene (PP) make should be laid. The textile portion of geo-

textile shall be facing upside. The purpose of Geo-Textile is to protect HDPE sheet from any

shock loads, which may be due to vehicle movement. Over Geo-Textile liner, a drainage

layer of thickness of about 30 cm has to be laid uniformly on entire bed of bottom area. This

drainage layer is for effective collection and conveyance of Leachate coming out from

waste. Therefore, the permeability of the drainage layer shall be greater than 1 X 10-2 cm

/sec.

The sideliner system should be same as bottom liner.

Figure 7-8 Bottom and Side Liner System




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7.2.5 Leachate Collection & Conveyance System

In order to collect and convey the Leachate to the collection sump, the Leachate collection

channel has been designed. The Leachate collection drain, from the middle of each cell as

shown in drawings has to be constructed first. The generated Leachate will be collected in

the channel due to bottom transverse slope of 1.0%, and conveyed by gravity to sump due

to longitudinal slope of 1.0%. For collection and conveyance of Leachate to sump, a

perforated HDPE pipe of 30 cm ID has to be laid as shown in drawings. The pipes should

have rectangular slots of size 20 mm x 5 mm, placed at spacing of 100 mm/cc in the

longitudinal direction and 50 mm spacing laterally. The slots shall be placed along the length

of the pipe only on the sides with 20 mm side of slot being parallel to the longitudinal axis of

the pipe, in a zigzag pattern as shown figure below:

Figure 7-9 Schematic Diagram showing Placement of rectangular slots in Leachate Collection Pipe

The Leachate collection channels have to be packed with drainage material. The slopes of

the pipe should be such that, the Leachate should flow easily into the Leachate collection

sump later on the Leachate from sump has to be transported for treatment.

Figure 7-10 Welding of Leachate Pipes




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7.2.6 Leachate Collection Sump

RCC sump of 6 x 3 x 1.8 Cum diameter temporarily covered with RCC slab has been

recommended to be constructed for collection of Leachate from “Leachate collection

system”. The construction of the sump shall be gradual with the filling of the waste. A clear

depth of 1 meter has to be maintained between the bottom of sump and Leachate

connection pipe. About 20mm thick plastering has to be done at the inner and outer side of

sump. Epoxy powder (which acts as water proof agent) has to be used during plastering. The

RCC slab has been provided with a manhole of 1 m x 1 m through with a monkey ladder. The

manhole has to be covered with hinged steel gate in order to avoid the entry of rainwater

into the sump. The collected Leachate from sump has to be transferred to Leachate pond by

pumping. After closure of Sanitary landfill Facility, appreciable quantity of Leachate is not

expected to be generated, however, if any Leachate is generated it has to be transferred to

Leachate pond.

7.2.7 Installation of Pumps for Transferring Leachate

The Leachate has to be pumped to the Leachate pond. Two pumps (non-corrosive type) of 2

HP each (discharge 25 m3 /hr and total maximum head of 25 m) have to be installed in each

Leachate collection sump. These pumps may be installed at the RCC slab of collection sump

with proper rainwater protection. While one will be active the other will serve as standby.

During heavy rainfall, both the pumps can be operated. The sump has to be covered and

protected against rainwater.




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Figure 7-11 Support of Leachate Pipes

7.2.8 Storm Water Drainage System

Storm water drainage is one of the main components of landfill facility. The arrangement

shall be such that, the storm water from landfill facility has to be collected effectively in

drainage system and conveyed away from facility with in short time. Storm water drain shall

be of trapezoidal shape with brick lining. The inside part of drain has to be plastered with

cement motor. Storm water drain shall be constructed all along the outer periphery of soil

bund

7.2.9 Monitoring Wells

Monitoring wells have to be constructed around the facility for periodic monitoring of the

quality of ground water. The monitoring wells to be provided along the four corners of

landfill facility. The groundwater at a regular time interval must be monitored for the

specified parameters. The frequency of monitoring can be monthly in the first 5 years of

operation of the facility, thereafter quarterly up to 25 years or till the life of the facility is

exhausted and semi-annually after closure of the facility (for 5 years after closure of the

facility).

7.2.10 Approach Road and Service Road at the Facility:




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A main approach road of 6 m wide from the main gate running parallel between the landfill

and compost yard till the southeast end of the facility is suggested. At Kalghatgi landfill site

roads exist.

7.2.11 Green Belt Development:

The green belt development around landfill facility will ensure the reduction in soil erosion

and air pollution due to dust suppression. This also increases aesthetic value of the area. As

per the design, about 3 m wide green belt along the periphery and shall be developed

accordingly.

7.2.12 Office Building & Laboratory:

In order to manage the operation and maintenance of the facility and to maintain the

record of daily waste disposal, an office with necessary furniture and other facilities has to

be established at the site area. A laboratory will have to be set up in order to analyse waste

samples and to carry out monitoring activities with regard to air and water and some time

soil if required.

7.2.13 Other Infrastructure Facilities:

Apart from above, other facilities such as electricity for lighting arrangement in SLF area,

weighbridge, fire protection equipment, personnel protective equipment, drinking water,

storage area for equipment, shelter for machinery & vehicles and security cabin will be

required during operation and maintenance of SLF. Periodically, crawler dozer will be

required for layer wise compaction of waste. A 300-micron thick LDPE/HDPE sheet, sand

filled bags will also be required for intermediate covering of waste during rainy seas

7.2.14 Final or Top Cover

The prime function of a final cover or the top liner system is to minimise infiltration of

precipitation. Other functions include preventing the contamination of surface run off, wind

dispersion of municipal solid waste and direct contact of the municipal solid waste with

humans and animals. For long-term performance with minimum maintenance, the final

cover is designed to promote surface drainage and minimise erosion. After the operational




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life, each cell of landfill facility has to be closed and covered with suggested top cover

system, as shown below:

Over the foundation layer, 30 cm thick gas drainage layer has to be laid with 16-32

mm size gravel.

Figure 7-12 Top Liner System

The gas outlet pipe should be connected to the gas drainage layer. The gas outlet

pipe is to remove the gas generated from consolidated waste after complete closing.

Over the gas drainage layer, 60 cm thick clay layer should be laid. The permeability

of clay should be less than 1 X 10-7 cm/sec. During laying of clay layer, the moisture

content in clay should be as per the optimum moisture content in order to achieve

permeability factor shown above. The clay liner shall be laid in two layers each of

thickness 300mm. Each layer of clay shall be well compacted with a vibratory roller

of 4 to 5 tons.

Over the clay liner, 30 cm thick storm water drainage layer has to be laid with 16-32

mm size gravel. The permeability of drainage layer should be more than 1 X 10-2

cm/sec.

Over the drainage layer, 45 cm thick native soil should be provided for vegetation in

two layers. The first layer has to be compacted, other two layers has to be left loose

for the growth of vegetation. A vegetation cover has to provide at the top of the soil

in order to prevent the soil erosion due to precipitate and also for better landscaping




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7.2.15 Tentative Cost Estimate for Sanitary Landfill

The tentative cost estimate for development of the sanitary landfill and other infra-

structural facilities is presented in the following tables:

Sr. No

Description of Work Quantity Unit Rate Rs/Unit

Cost (Rs. In Lakhs)

1 Grading and leveling 2232 m2 13 0.28

2 Filling material 1804 m3 180 3.25

3 Soil bund 1116 m3 180 2.01

4 Bottom liner system

30 cm thick drainage layer (K=1X10-2

cm/sec) 1674 m2 180 3.02

1.5 mm thick geo-textile 1674 m2 135 2.26

1.5 mm thick HDPE liner 1674 m2 451 7.54

90 cm thick clay liner (K<1 X10-7 cm/sec)

1674 m2 360 6.03

5 Side liner system (same as bottom liner)

268 m2 1171 3.14

6 Leachate collection drain including HDPE pipe

339 RM 6307 21.38

7 Leachate collection sump (RCC) & pump for transferring Leachate to ETP

12.8 m3 12615 1.61

8 Cover liner system 1116 m3 1171 13.07

9 Leachate Pond 54 m3 12615

Sub Total 63.60

Contingency 10% 6.36

Total for sanitary landfill facility(25 years)- 2 pits 69.96

Total for sanitary landfill facility(12.5 years)- 1 pits 34.98

Total for sanitary landfill facility(12.5 years)- 1 pits – as per 2016-17 rate 39.18


7.3 Leachate from Landfill

The leachate from the landfill is mainly due to the rain water. Therefore, the leachate

depends on the rainfall in the town.

Table 7-4 Leachate Generation Estimation

S.N Particulars Details Units

1 Annual Peak Precipitation 943 mm




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S.N Particulars Details Units

2 Area of the Land fill 10343 sq. m

3 Monsoon duration 90 days

4 Leachate Generate from the SLF 108 liters

Leachate from the Waste processing, composting and SLF shall be collected & treated

together in Planted Gravel Filter.

7.3.1 Treatment of Leachate –Phytorid Treatment Plant

It is proposed to treat leachate from the landfill site using Phytorid Treatment Technology.

The treatment process has to have low operation and maintenance cost.

Figure 7-13 Phytorid Treatment

This is the technology developed by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI),

Nagpur for the treatment of municipal and industrial waste water. The technology combines the

physical, biological and chemical process without requiring any mechanical equipment (thus

eliminating the need for electricity and maintenance of equipment). The Technology provides clean

and aesthetic solution for the treatment of wastewater which is generally thrown in open at the

disposal points. BOD and COD removal is reported to be achieved as 80 – 90 %. The components of




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the technology include

Primary Settling cell (PSC) for the purpose of anaerobic pre- treatment of suspended solids.

Secondary Advanced Filter cell (SAFC) that contains different sized stones and gravel wherein

anaerobic digestion occurs.

Tertiary Biological wetland Cell (TBWC) made up of life supporting media (again stone and

gravel) and planed with aquatic flora such as Typha, Scirpus, Cyperus, Peltandra, Phragmites etc.

This is fairly new technology and has been tested successfully a few places in Maharashtra

7.4 Material Specifications for Sanitary Landfill

The specifications and quality aspects of the Landfill facility is very important, in order to

achieve designed performance of sanitary landfill facility. Liner system of landfill facility has

been designed in consideration with following points;

To prevent migration of waste, Leachate to the adjacent subsurface soil or ground

water or surface water.

Material specified for liner has adequate chemical properties, physical properties

and engineering properties to prevent failure on account of loads, climatic

conditions, and contact with waste or Leachate.

Slopes at bottom and sides area designed to withstand Liner material safely without

any sliding movement.

7.4.1 Material Specifications for Liners and Drainage System

7.4.1.1 BOTTOM & S IDE LINER

1) 1X90 cm thick compacted clay or compacted amended soil with permeability less than

1X10-7 cm /s with the following specifications:

Permeability to be checked before and after laying

Free of any stones, kankars and any other foreign material

Moisture content to be maintained during laying as per OMC. (Optimum Moisture

Content)

To be compacted so as to achieve Proctor Density

To be laid in 2 layers each of 30 cm thick




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Permeability & moisture content has to be checked in each layer.

To be kept covered during installation so that moisture is not evaporated.

2) 1X 1.5mm thick HDPE Geo-membrane of following specification:

Tensile strength at yield greater than 18 KN / m.

Tensile Strength at break greater than 30 KN / m.

Tear Resistance greater than 150 N

Puncture Resistance greater than 250 N

3) 1 X 1.5 mm thick Geo-textile;

Type – Non woven

Make – PP

200 GSM

4) 1 X30 cm thick Leachate drainage layer;

Material – Sand or any other granule with permeability greater than 1 X 10 –2 cm

/sec

Size Gradation – 16 to 32 mm

Dust free

Kankar free

Rounded gravels

Free of any angular or sharp aggregates

To be laid as 30 cm thick uniform layer

7.4.1.2 LEACHATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

The construction details of Leachate drain is as follows:

Longitudinal slope of Leachate collection pipe shall be 1.0%.

The bottom and sides of HDPE pipe has to be filled with the mixture of cement,

Bentonite and sand.

The HDPE pipe has to be covered with 200 GSM geo-textiles to prevent clogging of

slots by drainage material / other solids.

Over HDPE pipe Gravel size of 16mm to 32mm has to be laid uniformly.




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The specification of material to be used for Leachate drain is given below:

1) 1 X 1.5mm thick geo-textile – 200 GSM

2) Mixture of sand, cement and Bentonite shall be in ratio

94%: 3%: 3% respectively.

3) Specification for HDPE pipe.

Internal Dia. –285 mm

Outer Dia. – 300mm

Wall Thickness –15mm

Pressure Rating- 4 Kg/cm2

7.4.1.3 TOP L INER SYSTEM

1) 1 X 60 cm thick compacted clay or compacted amended soil with permeability less than

1X10-7 cm /sec.

Permeability to be checked before and after laying

Free of any stones, kankars and any other foreign material

Moisture content to be maintained during laying as per OMC.

(Optimum Moisture Content)

To be compacted so as to achieve Proctor Density

To be laid in 2 layers each of 30 cm thick

Permeability & moisture content has to be checked in each layer.

2) 1 X 30 cm thick drainage layer

Material – Sand or any other granule with permeability greater than 1

X 10 –2 cm /sec

Size Gradation – 16 to 32 mm

Dust free

Kankar free




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Rounded gravels

Free of any angular or sharp aggregates

To be laid as 30 cm uniform layer

3) 1 X 45 cm, fertile soil for vegetation

To be laid in two layers; the bottom layer to be compacted mildly and

the top layer to be kept loose for growing vegetation.

Vegetation cover with Grass, shrubs etc. having root length <30 cm

7.5 Operation Plan of Sanitary Landfill

7.5.1 Construction and Operational Plan

The operation of a landfill shall consist of the following steps:

Operation before waste is transported to landfill facility

Operation during disposal of waste into landfill facility

Closer plan

Record keeping

Monitoring

7.5.2 Operation before Transportation of Waste

7.5.2.1 S ITE DEVELOPMENT:

The following construction activities shall be carried out along with construction of landfill

facility before disposal of waste.

Construction of perimeter fence, entrance gate, weighbridge and green belt.

Construction of main access road near the entrance gate with parking area.

Construction of service road along the perimeter of the site and well as construction

of approach road.

Construction of waste inspection facility, equipment workshop and garage, vehicle

cleaning area.




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Installation of direction sings, site lighting, fire fighting facilities, communication

facilities.

Construction of water supply and waste water/sewage disposal.

Construction of surface water drainage system.

Construction of main Leachate pipe, sump and Leachate pond.

Installation of environmental monitoring facilities.

Construction of emergency exit gate.

7.5.2.2 S ITE PROCEDURES: RECORD KEEPING & WASTE INSPECTION:

Records shall be kept on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. In addition a site Manual shall

be kept at the site office giving all site investigation, design and construction details. The

following records shall be maintained during operation of landfill

(i) Landfill Manual: The site manual shall contain the following information:

Data collected during site selection

Environmental assessment report

Site investigation and characterization data

Detailed topographical map

Design of landfill components

Landfill layout and its cells

Construction plans

Details of Leachate management plan

Details of gas management plan (optional)

Environmental monitoring program

Closure and post-closure plan

All permissions / license from concerned authorities.

(ii) Site Reports: The daily, weekly and monthly reports shall comprise of the following:

Weighbridge data (daily inflow and outflow for each vehicle)

Waste inspection data (daily)

Materials, stores etc. (daily)




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Bills/accounts (daily)

Visitor record (daily)

Complaints record from nearby areas (daily

Topographic survey at operating cell (daily/weekly)

Photographic record at operating cell (daily/weekly)

Environmental monitoring data (weekly/monthly)

Waste filling plan and actual progress i.e., cell construction (daily/weekly) and review

(monthly)

Leachate generation and gas generation (weekly/monthly/extreme events)

Weather/climatic data (extreme events)

Accidents etc.

Others.

(iii) Vehicle Inspection:

Each vehicle carrying the waste shall be checked for:

Incoming weight (full)

Outgoing weight (empty)

Available of relevant documents

Visual check at weigh-in (if feasible)

Visual inspection after discharge at tipping area (inspection report to be filed for

each vehicle). A visual inspection checklist must be framed which should list visual

features for identification of unacceptable material. This checklist shall be filled for

every unloading by a vehicle in tipping area at the working cell in the landfill.

7.5.3 Operation during Disposal of Waste into Landfill Facility

At the design stage, the cells of a landfill are clearly demarcated. Operation of a cell

requires planning and execution of daily activities such as daily waste filling plan and

demarcation, waste discharge & inspection, waste placement, waste compaction, daily

covering of waste, prevention of pollution & fires, etc.

7.5.3.1 DAILY WASTE F ILLING PLAN AND DEMARCATION AT S ITE:




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On the completion of a cell and before the start of a new cell, a waste-filling plan for daily

cells shall be evolved. A study of the landfill base contour maps and the final cover levels of

the cell allow such a plan to be developed. If a cell is to be operational for 365 days, all 365

cells must be marked in plan and in sectional drawings. These may require revision as a

landfill is constructed because waste quantities may vary in an unforeseen manner. The

area and height proposed to be filled every day should be demarcated at the site on a daily

or weekly basis using temporary markers or bunds.

7.5.3.2 WASTE D ISCHARGE & INSPECTION

Waste shall be discharged by tipping at the working area of a landfill, within the area

demarcated for the cell. A designated operator shall visually inspect every discharged load.

Working area personnel shall be trained and competent at waste identification in order that

they can recognize waste, which may be non-conforming. In the event of reasonable doubt

as to the waste acceptability, the operator shall inform the waste reception facility and/or

the site manager immediately.

7.5.3.3 WASTE PLACEMENT (SPREADING) & COMPACTION

Once waste has been discharged it shall be spread in layers and compacted in a well-defined

manner to ensure that the completed slopes of a daily cell are at the designed gradients.

Waste placement (spreading) can be done by the following methods:

Face tipping method: Waste is deposited on top of existing surface and spread

horizontally by tipping over an advancing face.

Inclined layering method (onion skin tipping): Similar to (a) but inclined layering

(gentile slope) done instead of advancing of face.

Working upwards: Waste is deposited on the lower surface and pushed upwards.

It is necessary to level and compact the waste as soon as it is discharged at the working

area. Steel wheeled mobile landfill compactors (smooth / cleared / spiked / special wheels)

are generally accepted as the best equipment for this purpose. They have largely replaced

the small crawler tracked machines, which were previously in general use.

7.5.3.4 POLLUTION PREVENTION & SAFETY DURING OPERATION:




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The following measures are needed to ensure that the landfill operation shall not adversely

affect local environment within and outside the landfill.

Traffic: Heavy lorry traffic shall give rise to nuisance, damage to road surface and

verges and routing problems. The following measures are helpful.

o Routing to avoid residential area.

o Using one-way routes to avoid traffic conflict in narrow roads.

o Carrying out road improvements, for example strengthening or widening

roads, improved provision of footpaths, improvement of sight lines, provision

of passing places, provision of new roads.

o Limiting the number of vehicle movements.

o Restrictions on traffic movement hours, which are staggered with respect to

peak traffic hours.

Noise: Adverse impacts on the local community from noise may arise from a number

of sources including: throughput of vehicles and fixed and mobile plant for example

compactors, generators at the site. Peripheral noise abatement site measures shall

be adopted.

Odour: Offensive odours at landfill sites may emanate from a number of sources,

including waste material, which have decomposed significantly prior to land filling,

Leachate and Leachate treatment systems, and landfill gas. Good landfill practices

shall greatly reduce general site smell and reduce impact from odours, which could

lead to complaints from the local community, site users and site staff.

Good practice includes: (a) adequate compaction; (b) speedy disposal and burial of

malodorous wastes; (c) effective use of appropriate types of daily cover, (d)

progressive capping and restoration; (e) effective landfill gas management; (f)

effective Leachate management and (g) consideration of prevailing wind direction

when planning Leachate treatment plants, gas flares, and direction of tipping.

Litter: Poor litter control both on and off site is particularly offensive to neighbours.

Good operational practice shall be adhered to in terms of temporary fencing, waste

discharge, placement, compaction and covering to minimize the occurrence of

windblown litter.




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Bird Control: Birds are attracted to landfill sites in large numbers where sites receive

appreciable amounts to bio wastes. Measures, which can be used to mitigate birds’

nuisance, include good landfill practice, working in small active areas and progressive

prompt covering of waste, together with the use of bird scaring techniques.

Vermin and Other Pests: Landfills have potential to harbour flies, rodents and

vermin, particularly where the waste contains biomaterials. Modern land filling

techniques including prompt emplacement, compaction and covering of wastes in

well-defined cells are effective in the prevention of infestation by rodents and

insects.

Dust: Dust from landfill operations is mainly a problem during periods of dry weather

but can also arise from dusty waste as it is tipped. Dust is generally associated with

(a) site preparation and restoration activities, (b) the disposal of waste comprising of

fine particles, for example powders, and (c) traffic dust. Dust suppression can be

effected by (a) limiting vehicle speed; (b) spraying roads with water and (c) spraying

site and powder type waste with water; (d) covering powder type waste with daily

soil cover.

Mud on the Road: Mud on the public highway in one of the most common causes of

public complaint. It is therefore, in the interest of the landfill operator to provide

adequate wheel cleaning facilities to ensure that mud is not carried off site by

vehicles.

Landfill Fire Management: Fires in waste on landfill sites are not uncommon and it is

important for site operators to be aware of the dangers, how to treat fires and to

address the problems associated with them. All fires on-site shall be treated as a

potential emergency and dealt with accordingly.

Landfill Safety Aspects: Training of employees shall include: site safety, first aid and

the handling of dangerous materials where appropriate. Since landfill sites can pose

dangers to both site operator and users, emergency plans shall be laid down. Landfill

sites shall be regarded as potentially hazardous locations and the operator shall have

a written safety plan for the site. Safety hazards present at landfill sites may include;

(a) moving plant and vehicle; (b) steep slopes; (c) bodies of standing water; (d)

contaminated, putrescible, toxic flammable or infective material and (e) noxious,




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flammable, toxic or hazardous gas. All employees and visitors to the site shall be

made aware of the potential hazards and the safety procedures to be implemented

including fire safety.

7.5.4 Closure and Monitoring Plan of Landfill Facility

As each cell is completed and as the final cover level is reached in successive cells, the

following interconnectivities are established:

(a) The Leachate collection system of each cell is sequentially connected (if so designed)

The surface water; drainage system at the cover of each cell is sequentially connected (of so

designed)

(b) Upon completion of all cells a final check is made of the proper functioning of all inter

connected systems.

An access road is provided on the landfill cover to enable easy approach for routine

inspection of the landfill cover.

7.5.4.1 POST CLOSURE VEGETATIVE STABILIZATION (LONG TERM)

If a landfill cover is intended to be used for a specific purpose e.g. park or vehicle parking

area, then the cover shall be stabilized in such a manner that the end-use is achieved.

However, if no specific end-use is envisaged, then long-term vegetative stabilization shall be

undertaken to return the land to its original and natural vegetative landform.

Vegetation is by far the most common and usually the preferred stabilization option after

closure of landfills. If a self-perpetuating vegetative cover can be established, not only can

wind and water erosion be minimized, but also the landfill can be returned to some

semblance of its original appearance and land use. In favourable climates, re-vegetation

may require only modest effort or may occur by natural process during a reasonably short

period of time. However, in arid climates or a harsh environment, establishment of

vegetation may be a difficult and costly process and alternative techniques may be

examined for vegetative stabilization.




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While the specific procedures are unique to each landfill and climatic regime, the following

representative elements of the process shall be adopted in all procedures.

(a) Short-term Vegetation: It is common practice, in both humid and dry environments, to

rely largely on grasses for the primary initial source of short-term land cover. Usually several

species are included in the initial seeding mixture to increase diversity and reduce the

chance of total community failure. Short-term vegetation is usually assisted by irrigation.

(b) Long-term Vegetation: To achieve the ultimate goal of attaining a self-sustaining and

stable community, a transition between short term and long-term vegetation must occur. In

some cases, this may be left to invasion by native species after short-term vegetation is

assured and soil development is well under way. In other cases – for example, when

irrigation has been used temporarily to establish the short-term community, it may be

necessary or desirable to enhance the natural succession process by replanting with a more

diverse mix of species suited to the next stage of community succession. The need for

artificial enhancement of the succession process shall depend on the success of previous

short-term efforts and on the ultimate intended land use. All vegetation efforts, however,

shall work toward self-generation and minimum management in the long term.

7.5.5 Record Keeping

7.5.5.1 DURING CONSTRUCTION OF L INERS AND COVERS

During the construction of liners and covers, inspection shall be carried by

independent agency / KPCB (or its nominee) at least twice during each cell to ensure

that construction procedures and quality assurance plan are being followed.

Immediately upon the completion of construction of a liner in each cell, the

complete set of construction records and quality control test results shall be

provided by the CIDCO to the KPCB for verification and record keeping. The same will

also be done upon the completion of cover system in each cell.

7.5.5.2 DURING OPERATION

The owner/operator shall monitor and keep a record of the following in the

operation period:




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o Functioning of the Leachate management system (including levels in leachate

holding tank) (weekly).

o Functioning of the surface water run-off system (weekly)

o Functioning of the gas management system (weekly)

o Waste filling records shall be kept on daily basis.

o Leachate sampling and monitoring shall be done 1 to 2 times a month.

Leachate shall be analysed for the parameters specified in Para 6.5. The

results shall be recorded and compared with the permissible limits provided

by the KPCB.

o After a major storm, the occurrence of the storm and functioning of various

systems shall be recorded.

The KPCB (or its nominee) shall inspect all facilities at least twice a year. The

owner/operator shall provide a copy of the environmental monitoring record to the

KPCB on a yearly basis.

7.5.5.3 DURING CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE PERIOD:

Period inspection and routine maintenance at a closed landfill site shall be carried out for a

period of 15 years after closure. The KPCB shall inspect all facilities during the closure and

post closure period at least once a year. The owner/operator shall provide a copy of the

environmental monitoring record to the KPCB once a year. The following components of a

closed landfill shall be inspected visually after landfill closure to confirm that all functional

elements are working satisfactorily and inspection report will be recorded. A maintenance

schedule with specified reporting formats is drawn up after each inspection.

(a) Cover System:

The final cover is inspected 2 to 4 times a year (a) to check that vegetation growth is

occurring satisfactorily and that plants are not showing stunted growth (b) to detect if any

erosion gullies have been formed thereby exposing the barrier layers, (c) to earmark

depressions that may have developed with time and (d) to identify pounding of water on

the landfill cover. At least one inspection shall be carried out during or immediately after

the peak of the monsoon season.




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Closed landfills show significant settlement. Rectification measures shall not only re-

establish the initial slope of the cover (for proper surface water run-off) but shall also

ensure that all the components of the landfill cover system continue to perform as originally

envisaged. CIDCO shall have sufficient equipment and funds to periodically carry out

maintenance work in the form of soil filling, re-grading the cover and re-vegetating the

landfill cap.

In areas where extensive erosion gully formation is observed, filling of cover material,

regarding of cover slopes and re-vegetation must be routinely undertaken.

(b) Surface Water Drainage System:

The surface water drainage system is also inspected 2 to 4 times a year (i) to identify cracks

in drains due to settlements. (ii) To delineate clogged drains requiring immediate clean up

and (iii) to study the level of deposited soil in the storm water basin and initiate excavation

measures. Broken pipes and extensively cracked drains may require replacement after

filling soil beneath them to establish slopes for gravity flow. In extreme cases where long-

term settlement shall be excessive, it shall become necessary to make sumps and operate

storm water pumps for removal of accumulated water in the drainage system.

(c) Leachate Management Systems:

A weekly operating record of Leachate management systems shall be kept in the post-

closure period. Periodic inspection of the Leachate collection systems (2 to 4 times a year) is

undertaken to identify broken pipes, leaking gas (if any) and damaged or clogged

wells/sumps. Repair work requires skilled manpower and shall be carried out by the

agencies operating the gas treatment and Leachate treatment facilities. One may often

have to install new gas extraction wells and Leachate collection wells if the damaged /

clogged facilities are inaccessible and irreparable.

7.5.6 Environmental Monitoring Systems:

Ground water monitoring wells, air quality monitoring systems shall be periodically carried

out to check that all systems are functioning satisfactorily and those well caps sampling

ports are not subjected to damage due to excessive settlement or vandalism.




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Environmental monitoring systems have to be maintained during the entire post-closure

period. Wherever possible, monitoring instruments must be periodically re-calibrated.

Sampling devices shall be routinely detoxified and also regularly checked for proper

functioning of the opening and closing of valves or spring-loaded mechanisms.

The activities to be carried out under environmental monitoring plan are as follows:

Sl.

No.

Activities to be

Carried Out

Parameters to be Monitored Duration of

Monitoring

1 Monitoring of groundwater

quality at up and down

streams in monitoring

wells

pH, TDS, Cl, Sulphates, Nitrates,

Total Hardness (as CaCO3), Phenolic Compounds

(as C6H5OH), Fe, Zn, As, Cd, Cr6+, Cu, CN, Pb, Hg

& Ni

Monthly

2 Monitoring of ambient air

quality at landfill

Suspended Particulate matter, CH4, SO2, NH3 &

CO

Bimonthly

3. Monitoring of Leachate

quality before and after

treatment

pH, Turbidity, TDS, TSS, Ammoniacal Nitrogen,

Kjeldahl Nitrogen, CN, Nitrates,

Total Hardness

(as CaCO3),

Cl, F, Sulphates, Kjeldahl N, BOD, COD, Phenolic

Compounds (as C6H5OH), Heavy Metals such as

As, Hg, Pb, Cd, total Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, CN etc.

Monthly

during rainy

season

4. Monitoring of landfill gas

quality

CH4, CO2 & CO Monthly

5. Monitoring of surface

water quality from drain

channel at the exit of

landfill

BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, Cl- & Heavy Metals Monthly

during rainy

season

7.5.7 Post-Closure Criteria

After closure of the landfill, the owner/operator of the landfill shall maintain the

integrity of the final cover systems including making repair, as necessary to rectify

the settlement, subsidence or erosion of the cover.

After closure of the landfill, the owner/operator shall continue to operate all

Leachate, gas and surface water management systems as well as continue

environmental monitoring of the landfill for a period of 15 years or until such time

that harmful Leachate is not produced for 5 continuous years.




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The landfill shall be abandoned after 15 years of closure, if concentrations of contaminants

in all liquid and gaseous emissions from the landfill are observed to be below prescribed

limits. However, if the emissions continue to be hazardous, the landfill management

strategy shall have to be evolved.




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8 Institutional Aspects and Capacity

Building

The subject of solid waste management has remained neglected for the past several

decades with the result that the level of service is highly inadequate and inefficient. For

improving the solid waste management services it is essential to adopt modern methods of

waste management, have a proper choice of technology, which can work in the given area

successfully. Simultaneously, measures must be taken for institutional strengthening and

internal capacity building so that the efforts made can be sustained over a period of time

and the system put in place can be well managed. Institutional strengthening can be done

by adequately decentralizing the administration, delegating adequate powers at the

decentralized level, by inducting professionals into the administration and providing

adequate training to the existing staff. It will also be necessary to fix work norms for the

work force as well as for supervisory staff and the output expected from the vehicles and

machinery utilized. NGO/private sector participation also needs to be encouraged to make

the service competitive and efficient

8.1 Decentralization of Administration

In the town of Kalghatgi, the SWM services can be performed effectively by decentralization

of administration. The SWM functions are proposed to be decentralized as under:

8.1.1 Ward Level administration

The ward level administration should be fully responsible for ensuring storage of segregated

waste at source, primary collection of waste, street sweeping and taking the waste to bulk

community waste storage sites clearing debris and cleaning surface drains and public

spaces. The cleaning of each street, lane, by-lane, markets and public space should be

regularly supervised by the ward-level supervisors. Qualified supervisors having a diploma

of sanitary inspectors should be appointed as a ward level supervisor and he could be

designated as sanitary sub inspector. He should work under a sanitary inspector who should

supervise at least three wards.




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8.1.2 Town Level Administration

The town level administration should supervise and support the zonal level administration.

The central SWM Department should be responsible for upkeep of vehicles, construction of

transfer station setting up and maintenance of processing plants, incineration plants as well

as for managing the disposal sites in an environmentally acceptable manner.

The central SWM department should also be responsible for the procurement of vehicles,

equipment, and land for processing and disposal of waste. As a head office it should take

policy decisions and co-ordinate the activities of all the zones and the wards and be

answerable to the chief executive officer and elected body for the efficient functioning of

the department. It should look after the recruitment of manpower, human resources

development, training etc.

8.2 Delegation of Powers

Authority and responsibility should go hand in hand. For fixing accountability there should

be adequate delegation of fiscal and disciplinary powers to the officers and the supervisory

staff responsible for managing solid waste and carrying out all day-to-day functions

smoothly.

The Head of the SWM department should also have the power to punish subordinates

including supervisory staff. Adequate in-built checks may be introduced to ensure that the

delegated powers are not misused.

8.3 Work Norms

Norms of Work for Street Sweepers

The sweepers may be assigned “Pin point” individual work assignments according to the

density of the area to be swept. The yardsticks given earlier may be adopted.

As per Normative standards of GOK 1 sweeper is allotted for every 1000 M of Road length.

The norms of work for the supervisors may also be prescribed and monitored by the

Municipal Corporation, for the extent of sweeping areas and the number of garbage

collection points to be inspected each day by the various levels of supervisors and




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inspection of processing and disposal sites etc. to ensure adequate output of the

supervisory staff.

All Supervisory Officers right from sanitary sub-inspectors to Health Officer and Engineer in-

charge of SWM department must remain on the field for 4 hours in the morning between

the time of street sweeping and lunch break. The timings for the middle level supervisor

could be from 7.00 a.m. to 11.00 a.m. and for senior levels from 8.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon or

8.30 to 12.30 in the morning. The junior level supervisors should supervise there till the end

of the working hours of the street sweepers and transport staff. This supervision will have a

direct impact on the quality of service.

For capacity building of the department, senior officials should be frequently exposed to

developments taking place in various parts of the State and country by sending them out on

City visits and to attend seminars, workshops and training courses. They should also be

involved in all decision making processes.

The sweepers may be directed to sweep the roads and footpaths in the area allotted to

them as well as to collect the domestic, trade and institutional wastes in their handcart from

the households, shops and establishments situated on the road/street allotted to them. The

above sweeping norms are for cleaning the streets in the first 4 hours of the working day. In

the remaining hours of the day, if there is a continuous 7/8 hours duty, or in the evening

session, if there is broken duty, the sweepers should be assigned pin point work for cleaning

the streets in slums and unauthorized settlements to ensure hygienic conditions in the city

and prevent the problems of health and sanitation arising in such areas.

The roads, which have a central verge or divider, should be considered as two roads. In such

cases, the length of the road allotted for sweeping should be reduced to half or alternatively

separate sweepers may be engaged for sweeping two sides of the road.

Norms of work for supervisors may be prescribed and monitored by the local body for

inspection of sweeping done, clearance of waste storage depots, transportation of waste

carried out, etc. Inspection of processing and disposal sites by various levels of supervisors

may also be prescribed to ensure adequate output of all the supervisory staff.




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The first level supervisors could be asked to inspect the work of all the sweepers at least

once in two days. The sanitary sub-inspectors should inspect all the beats twice a week and

the sanitary inspector at least once a week. All temporary waste storage depots must also

be inspected by the same level of supervisors with the same frequency. All Supervisory

Officers right from Sanitary Sub Inspector to Health Officer/Chief Engineer in-charge of

SWM department must remain on the field for 4 hours in the morning between the time of

street sweeping and lunch break. The timings for the lower and middle level supervisor

should extend beyond the duty hours of the sanitation workers in the afternoon/evening to

verify whether work has been done properly. This supervision will have a direct impact on

the quality of service.

For capacity building of the department, senior officials should be frequently exposed to

developments taking place in various parts of the State/ country by sending them out on

city visits and for attending seminars, workshops and training courses. They should also be

involved in all decision making processes

8.4 Induction of Environmental/Public Health Engineers

The subject of solid waste management, so far being handled by Health Officers, and now

handled by environmental engineers or public health engineers with the support of

mechanical/automobile engineers to handle the workshop facilities. Qualified engineers

should, therefore, be inducted as under.

i. Public Health/Environmental Engineers of the level of Executive Engineer to

head the SWM department.

ii. Qualified Sanitation Diploma holder/Sanitation Officer @ 1 S.O. per Zone.

iii. Qualified Sanitation Diploma holder Sanitary Inspector (S.I.) @ 1 S.I. per

50,000.

iv. Qualified sanitation diploma holder Sanitary Sub-inspector. Per 25,000

population or part thereof.

8.4.1 Need of Manpower

A. Professionals and supervisors for Collection and Transportation




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Table 8-1 Existing and Required Manpower for Collection and Transport

S.No Grade Present Required as per Norm (till 2022*)

1 Environmental Engineers 0 0

2 Sanitation Officer 1 0

3 Sanitary Inspector 0 0

4 Sanitary Sub-inspector 0 1

5 Pourkarmikas 22

23

6 Drivers 6

7 Weighbridge operator - 1

8 Security Person at Landfill site - 1

*After yr 2022 numbers would require to be updated as per prevailing norms in yr 2022.

8.5 Human Resource Development

Human Resource development is very essential for internal capacity building for any

organization. Training, motivation, incentives for outstanding service and disincentives for

those who fail to perform are essential for human resources development.

Concerted efforts should be made by the Municipal Corporation to inculcate among its

officers and staff a sense of pride in the work they do and to motivate them to perform and

give their optimum output to improve the level of services of the City and the image of the

Municipal Council.

8.5.1 Training

Solid Waste Management has been a neglected subject for the past several decades.

Systems have, therefore, not developed to improve the service. Knowledge of new

technology and methods coupled with training at all levels is necessary. No specialized

courses have so far been designed to meet need of different levels of staff. Short and

medium term courses should, therefore, be designed for the sanitation workers and

supervisory staff. Special training and refresher courses may also be conducted as under:-

8.5.2 Special Training to Unqualified Staff

Unqualified supervisory staff should be given in service training to qualify for supervising

sanitation works. They may be sent out for training to the All India Institute of Local Self

Government or such similar institutions which designs special courses for sanitation

supervisors.




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8.5.3 Refresher Courses for All Levels of Staff

Refresher courses should be conducted for the sanitation workers as well as supervisory

staff at least once in every 5 years, or they should be sent for training to get an exposure to

advance in this field.

8.5.4 Exposure to Municipal Commis sioner/ Chief Executives

It is necessary to give an orientation to the Municipal Commissioners/Chief Executives of the

local bodies and make them aware of this important aspect of Urban Management. They

may therefore be given exposure to SWM through short training programs.

8.5.5 Exposure to Elected Members

Whereas the Municipal Commissioners or the Chief Executives are responsible for day-to-

day affairs of the urban local bodies, the elected members are the policy makers and their

sanctions are essential for any major investments or improvements in SWM services. It is,

therefore, necessary that the members of the elected wing such as the Mayors/Presidents

of the Corporations/Municipalities and other important office bearers of the local bodies

are given appropriate orientation towards the need of modernization of solid waste

management practices in the urban areas and the importance of the same in terms of

health and sanitation in the cities/towns. If these members are given an appropriate

exposure, they would automatically support adequate financing for solid waste

management services and strengthen the hands of chief executives in the implementation

of modern methods of waste management and they would also help in getting public

support through their network of field workers.

8.5.6 Design SWM Courses

SWM courses may be designed and regularly updated for Engineering, Medical and applied

science disciplines. Academic institutions at the national and state levels should be involved

in this exercise by the concerned departments of Central and State Governments

respectively. The syllabus of the engineering colleges, medical studies as well as sanitary

inspectors’ diploma courses should lay adequate emphasis on solid waste management.

Following Table Summarizes the training requirement for specific category of Solid Waste

Management workers.




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Table 8-2: Training Requirement for Municipal Workers

Sr. No Designation Training Requirement

1 Municipal Commissioner / Chief

Officer / President of ULB

Training on Public Private Partnership, Project Finance

Exposure Visits to Best Practices in MSWM

2 Environment Engineer Training on Staff Management, Operation and Maintenance of

Solid Waste Management Facilities. Exposure Visits to Best

Practices in MSWM

3 Sanitary Inspector Training on Collection, Transportation, Processing and disposal

practices of MSWM

Training on IEC Practices

4 Pourkarmikas / Street Sweeping

Workers

Training on Health and Safety during MSWM

8.5.7 Promotional Opportunit ies

Adequate promotional opportunities should be available in the decentralized SWM

hierarchy to maintain the interest of the supervisory staff to remain in the department.

Special Training to Unqualified Staff

Unqualified supervisory staff should be given in service training to qualify for

supervising sanitation works.

Refresher Courses for Supervisory Staff

Refresher courses should be conducted for the supervisory staff at least every 5

years, or they should be sent for training to get an exposure to advance in this field

8.6 The Entire Administration of SWM Department to Be Under

One Umbrella

With a view to avoid the problems of lack of coordination and passing of responsibility to

others, it is necessary to have one person exclusively in charge of SWM in the City. The

overall control in relation to collection, transportation, processing and disposal of all waste,

including workshop facilities, should lie with him. He should also be responsible for the

cleaning of open drains under 24” depth, collection of silt, construction waste and debris

and vehicle deployment and maintenance. This work should not be left to the Engineering

Department, which should however continue to be responsible for the removal and




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transportation of silt from the underground drains, storm water drains or surface drains

exceeding 24” depth, and the left over waste material from their Engineering and major

road works.

8.7 Inter Departmental Co-Ordination

Since the SWM department depends greatly upon the support of various departments of

the Municipal Corporation, more particularly the Engineering department, the Municipal

Commissioner may hold regular monthly co-ordination meetings to sort out problems faced

by the SWM department such as expeditious repairs of roads, drains, water-supply pipe-

lines etc. which cause hindrance to street and City cleaning. The reinstatement of roads dug

up by utility services should also be given priority.

The procurement procedures for the SWM equipment also need to be expedited and

simplified in such meetings. A Rate-contract system should replace time consuming

tendering procedures.

There should be an Apex Committee comprised of representatives of various utility services,

headed by the Municipal Commissioner to co-ordinate the laying of underground services in

the City by various utilities and the reinstatement of the roads as soon as the underground

services are laid. The Apex Committee should ensure that repeated digging of road is

avoided for laying of services by various utilities at time. The works to be carried out by

various utilities on a particular road should be coordinated to prevent frequent digging of

roads.

Laying and maintaining of services in slums, provision of public health engineering services

and water supply for public toilets and road construction in the slums to improve overall

health and sanitation in the City may also be regularly reviewed in the co-ordination

committee meetings.

8.8 Encouragement to NGO’S and Waste Collector Co -Operatives

NGOs may be fully involved in creating public awareness and encouraging public

participation in SWM planning and practice.




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The Municipal Council may also encourage NGOs or co-operative of rag pickers to enter this

field and organize rag pickers in doorstep collection of waste and provide them an

opportunity to improve their working conditions and income. The Municipal Corporation

can give incentives to NGOs in their effort of organizing rag pickers in primary collection of

recyclable and/or organic waste, and provide financial and logistic support to the extent

possible.

8.8.1 NGO/Private Sector Participation

SWM services are highly labour intensive on account of increased wage structure of the

Government and municipal employees this service is becoming more and more expensive.

Besides, the efficiency of the labour force employed in the Municipal Corporation is far from

satisfactory. High wage structure and inefficiency of the work force results into steep rise in

the cost of service and yet the people at large are not satisfied with the level of service

being provided by the Municipal Corporation. Efforts to increase the efficiency by H.R.D. and

institutional strengthening will, to some extent improve the performance but they may not

be enough. It is, therefore, necessary that the Municipal Corporation seriously consider

augmenting NGO/private sector participation in solid waste management.

Private sector participation or public private partnerships may be considered by Municipal

Corporation keeping in mind the provisions of the Contract Labour (Regulation and

Abolition) Act 1970 of the Government of India under which state governments can prohibit

contracting out the services already being provided by the Municipal Corporation.

Therefore, while considering any measure of privatization it is necessary to keep in mind the

provisions of the above law, the directions that may have been issued by the state

government under this law in those areas which are not prohibited and where Municipal

Corporation is not currently providing a service. This will check growth in the establishment

costs, bring in economy in expenditure and introduce an element of healthy competition

between the private sector and the public sector in solid waste management services. There

should be a right mix of private sector and public sector participation to ensure that there is

no exploitation of labour as well as of the management.




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NGO/private sector participation can, therefore, be considered in newly developed areas,

under-served areas and particularly in areas where Municipal Corporation have not been

providing service. Some examples are given below:

NGO/private participation is recommended in the areas of door to door collection of

domestic waste, door to door collection of commercial waste, door to door collection of

hospital waste, hotel waste, construction waste, and yard waste, and in the area of

awareness and creating public participation. The private sector may also be brought in for

the operation and maintenance of compost plants and other treatment plants and O& M of

engineered landfill facility.

Major repairs and maintenance of vehicles at a private garage may also be considered

seriously.

8.8.2 Incentives to the NGO/Private Sector

Solid waste management, processing and disposal are an area where the private sector has

still not shown much interest. The private sector has, therefore, to be given some incentives

by way of long term contract, assured supply of garbage at the plant site, lease of land at

nominal rates for entering this field.

NGO as well as Private sector participation may be encouraged in such a way that it does

not affect the interests of the existing labour; it does not violate the provisions of the above

law, does not exploit the private labour and yet reduces the burden of the Municipal

Corporation. This will substantially help in improving the quality of service of the Municipal

Corporation, effect economy in expenditure and also give scope to the private sector to

enter the waste management market.

8.9 Public Awareness

8.9.1 Introduction

Everyone is concerned with the growing problems of waste disposal in urban areas with the

scarce availability of land for processing and disposal of waste and environmental

remediation measures becoming ever more expensive. It is therefore necessary to not only

think about effective ways and means to process and dispose of the waste that we generate




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each day, it is also essential to seriously consider how to avoid or reduce the generation of

waste in the first place and to consider ways to re-use and recycle the waste, so that the

least quantity of waste needs to be processed and disposed off.

8.9.2 Reduce Reuse Recycle (R-R-R)

In Kalghatgi there is very negligible action on Reduce, Reuse and Recycling of waste. The

quantity of packaging waste material and non-bio-degradable waste is going up alarmingly

every year. This increases the burden on local bodies to deal with the problem of non-

biodegradable and non-recyclable components of waste landing up at processing and

disposal sites.

8.9.3 Recycling of waste by all concerned

All manufacturers producing a variety of domestic and non-domestic products, food as well

as non-food should be persuaded to seriously endeavour to use re-usable packaging

materials so that after the delivery of goods, the packaging materials could be collected

back and used over and over again. They could also consider minimizing or avoiding use of

unnecessary packaging materials by innovative methods.

Incentives & product discount should be given to consumers for the return of packaging or

bottling materials in good condition, to the waste producers or retailers to promote re-use.

The cost of packed articles and article without packaging material could be kept different

with a choice to consumers to take the article without the packaging material at low cost.

In this era of excessive packaging materials being used, a lot of recyclable waste material is

generated. All-out efforts are necessary to retrieve recyclable material from the households,

shops and establishments and fed to the recycling industries through intermediaries such as

waste purchasers, waste collectors/NGOs, etc.

Recycling means the reprocessing of used materials that would otherwise become waste. It

breaks materials down to its main component and produces new products. Recycling is most

common for valuable material or materials that are costlier if produced from virgin raw

material (such as metal, plastic, glass, and electronic waste). Recycling of organic matter




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produces compost, which can be used as a soil enricher in gardens and horticulture and

which contributes to improved agriculture production.

8.9.4 Reuse

Efforts should be made to encourage collection of re-usable material through waste

collectors, waste producers, NGOs and private sector instead of allowing reusable waste to

land up on the disposal sites. Bottles, cans, tins, drums and cartons can be reused.

Reuse happens when something that already fulfilled its original function is used for another

purpose. However, reuse does not involve reproducing or transforming the item. For

Example typical reuse strategies are the deposit refund system for glass bottles or

polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water bottles, old tires that are used in fences or as boat

fenders, steel drums that are used as compost bins or plastic bags that are reused as liners

for household waste bins.

8.9.5 Recycling

In this era of excessive packaging materials being used, a lot of recyclable waste material is

generated. All-out efforts are necessary to retrieve recyclable material from the households,

shops and establishments and fed to the recycling industries through intermediaries such as

waste purchasers, waste collectors/NGOs, etc.

8.9.6 Public Participation

Public participation is the basis for improving the solid waste management. This requires lot

of effort. Public participation is essential in the following activities.

a) The waste/litter should not be through in the drains, open spaces, water bodies, etc.

b) Reduce, Reuse & Recycling (R R R) of waste.

c) Storage of organic/bio-degradable and recyclable waste separately at source.

d) Primary collection of waste

e) Community storage/collection of waste in flats, slums, societies, commercial complexes,

etc and other waste source generators.

g) Pay adequately for the services provided.




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The local body should decide the methodology to be adopted for reaching the community

and seeking their cooperation and effective participation in SWM services. This is a very

difficult area of activity and unless this is done meticulously, desired results will not be

achieved.

The essential steps in this direction is to select representative samples of the community

and go through a consultative process to ascertain the perceptions of the people about the

SWM services being given to them, their expectations and extent to which they are willing

to support and participate in the process. Their choice of technological options available

also needs to be ascertained.

There is a need to interact with the community to Identify problems of waste management

through site visits and consultation with local population at the time when the community is

generally available for interaction. It may either be in early morning or late evening. The

areas may be selected by following the method of drawl of representative samples.

Situation analysis may be done by the persons who know the subject reasonably well, know

local language and can communicate with local population effectively. Such persons may be

Non-Governmental Organisations, Community Based Organisations or knowledgeable

individuals. They should try to find out the prevalent situation of waste management in the

area under observation and ascertain the perceptions of the people about the services

provided. In this exercise the local councillors, local leaders, NGOs, etc., may be invited to

participate

8.9.7 Finding out optional solutions

Having identified the deficiencies in the system and known the public perceptions, the next

essential step is to think of optional solutions to tackle the problems, workout the cost

implications and level of public participation needed.

8.9.8 Consult community on options available

There should be second round of consultative process where the options worked out may

be discussed with the community along with cost implications and their support required.

Their suggestions may be sought on each solution proposed. The community may be

encouraged to give their views. If we ask the people straight away the solutions of the




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problems they may not be able to give right kind of suggestions as they have no exposure of

various technological options. Therefore, they must be first appraised of the options

available and then asked to give their considered opinion on what will work in their area and

how much they are willing to cooperate.

8.9.9 IEC & Capacity Building

There is a need for capacity building to promote the concept of waste segregation at source.

A detailed plan for capacity building has to be developed. An overview of the concepts,

mass awareness program involved and training is presented here. A budget for the mass

awareness campaign has been included in the estimates. The success of the segregation

concept is based on the consistent follow up over a long period of time.

In Solid Waste Management (SWM) the people, partnerships, coalitions, resources and skills

very are essential to its successful implementation. Multiple approaches have to be adopted

for creating awareness and participation including.

Conducting IEC campaigns

Providing access to repositories of information and resources (e.g. databases,

libraries

and web sites)

Trainings (public, customized or on-line)

Consultation (e.g. coaching, facilitating, expert advice and conducting research)

Publications

Coordinating alliances

Web based forum for interaction among different players

Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns are critical for working with

individuals, communities and societies to promote positive behaviours. The IEC strategies

should combine approaches and methods that enable individuals, families, groups,

organizations and communities to play active role in achieving, protecting and sustaining the

desired behavioural change. Solid Waste Management is an activity in which volunteerism

and public participation are the keys to success. It is not only the technology but public

attitude and behaviour that are going to make the difference. A participation model for




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implementation of Segregation and a table giving details of activities to be practiced are

presented below.

Target

Group

Area covered in brief Topics

Elected

Representat

ives- Group

1

General Orientation on:

Solid Waste Management-

Technical, Institutional,

Financial and legal aspects

Technical Aspects:

4R Concept-Reduce, reuse, recover, recycle

Institutional Aspects:

Collection & Storage

Transportation

Transfer Stations

Role of NGOs/ CBOs

Financial Aspects:

Budgeting for SWM

Cost recovery for SWM services

Legal Aspects:

MSW(M&H) Rules, 2000

MSWM in Kerala Municipalities Act

Byelaw

Mobilization for Action,

Human Resource

Development

Interactive process for Strategic thinking (by

communities, NGOs, professionals& ULB) to prioritize

SWM issues and to identify resources to address them.

Interactive process for improving the efficiency,

effectiveness and the performance of local SWM

systems.

(iii) Steps for Improving SWM

Senior

Officers

General Orientation on

SWM Plan Preparation

and Implementation

including technical &

technological aspects

Need for Planning-present inadequacies and shortfalls.

How to prepare an SWM Plan (preliminaries like

quantitative and qualitative survey of MSW ,

Identification of technology options, community

mobilization, facilitating alliances Implementation of

SWM Plan Different technology options Role of

different players

Financial Management Budgeting for SWM




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Target

Group

Area covered in brief Topics

Cost recovery for SWM Services

Legal Policy aspects MSW(M&H) Rules, 2000

Monitoring & Evaluation What is Monitoring?

What is Evaluation?

Record keeping and Documentation

Importance of Monitoring& Evaluation

Monitoring Tools

Human Resource

Management for SWM

Human resource for SWM- Capacity Assessment

Human Resource Development For SWM(developing

personal and organizational skills, knowledge, abilities

of staff; opportunities for employee training, employee

career, performance, coaching, mentoring, succession

planning, key employee identification etc )

Human Resource Management System for SWM(work

time, recruiting, training, performance)

Field

Workers

Orientation on Effective

Collection, Segregation

and Transportation of

Solid Waste

Different Types of MSW

Handling of Hazardous/dangerous items

Primary Collection and Transportation

Tips for effective collection and transportation


As part of this project a budget for awareness creation has been included with the following

objectives.

a) To undertake an awareness campaign to reach about 80,000 household, commercial

establishments and institutions on a door to door basis using Pamphlets and one to

one interaction over a period of 3 months.

b) To undertake a campaign for organizing awareness days at about 150 schools,

educational institutions and other centres across the city.

c) Carrying out 'Waste Management waste Day Events' once a week for a period of 6

months.




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These activities would be carried after the procurement of the vehicles and setting up of the

integrated waste processing management facility with scope for processing segregated

waste and recovering resources from the collected segregated waste. The message in the

IEC would be communicate the action taken by the KMC and the expectations from the

community for ensuring that an segregation based integrated waste management facility

becomes a reality.

Table 8-3: Action Plan for target groups

S.No. Target

Groups

Target Group Details Action Plan

1 Waste

Generator

Residential Areas (Women

(household), Maids, children

and Youths).

Commercial Areas (Shopping

areas, Vegetable markets,

Offices, Hotels,

Restaurants).

Institutional Areas (Jr. High

Schools, Colleges)

Holding locality-wise meetings, seminars,

targeted community meetings with self-help

groups, through street plays, technical and

pictorial presentation along with aware them

about health hazards and remedial measures

and sanitation improvement.

Informing and suggesting them about the

segregated waste management and their

important role.

2 Waste

Collector

Sweepers

Rag pickers

Waste loaders

Truck drivers

Landfill supervisors

They all should be involved and sensitize

about the need of segregated waste

collection and sanitation Improvement.

The waste collection, transportation and

disposal of the waste in proper timing so that

waste could not be overflow.

The waste collector should be trained about

the collection of segregated waste.

3 Waste

Managers

Administrators and

supervisors

Control and monitoring

team

Complaint handlers

Computer software

operators and specialists

Presenting them about the Rules and

Regulation and updating them about the

ongoing activities and techniques for MSW

management.

Training programs for the technical staffs

Providing the reviews of progress and

monitoring activities

4 Leaders Political Leaders (Local

MLA, MP)

Religious Leaders

Community Leaders

These leaders can be motivated to

participate actively in promotional efforts of

community involvement in

segregated solid waste management.

5 School

Teachers

and

Primary Schools

Jr. High Schools

Public Schools

School teachers can be informed and

involved in the segregated solid waste

management scheme and can be motivated




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S.No. Target

Groups

Target Group Details Action Plan

Students to educate the children for the sanitary

improvement.

The students can be educated and trained for

the segregated waste management system

and they can be great awareness creators for

the societies.

Some groups of students can be created as

monitoring and awareness team for

sanitation improvement which will make a

great impact on societies and communities.

6 Media Print Media

Electronic Media

Launching mass campaign for educating and

motivating local communities and families

about the need of segregation of Solid Waste

and its management for sanitation and

hygienic improvement.

7 Elite

groups or

social

organizati

ons

NGOs, Societies

CBOs

Sr. citizens Association

Rotary Clubs/ Lions Club

Sensitize and motivate local influential people

like Sr. citizens, leading businessmen, social

club members, NGOs and CBOs etc. to

undertake or sponsor such activities for solid

waste management for effective strategy of

public participation and awareness.




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9 Summary of financial requirement

The summary of financial requirement for proposed Solid Waste Management DPR is given

in this section. It is recommended to set up and operate an efficient solid waste

management system in the town.

9.1 Requirement of Capital Cost

The table below gives details of the financial requirement as capital expenditure for

improving efficiency of waste management.

Table 9-1 Cost Estimate for proposed vehicles, Equipment and machinery

Vehicles/Equipment Required 2017-22 Unit Cost Total Cost

Rs in Lakhs Rs in Lakhs

Plastic Bins for segregation of Wet & Dry Waste

Gross Requirement No’s 7836

available at present No’s -

To be Procured No’s 7836 Rs. 0.00121 Rs. 9.48

Twin Compartment 2 Cum Box tippers for D2D Collection


available at present No’s 1


Push Carts (6 Bins) for Street sweeping by ULB




Push Carts (6 Bins) for Door to Door Collection in Congested Areas




3 Cum Capacity Tractor-Trailer for Road Sweeping Waste Collection & C&D Collection



To be Procured No’s 0 Rs. 7.25 Rs 0.00

3 Cum Capacity Tractor-Trailer for Targeted Bulk Collection (Vegetable Market & Hotels)



To be Procured No’s - Rs. 7.25 Rs. 0.00

Back-Hoe Loader at Landfill Site 75 HP






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Vehicles/Equipment Required 2017-22 Unit Cost Total Cost

To be Procured No’s - Rs. 18.35 Rs. 0.00

Amount required for Vehicles/Equipment Rs. 20.70

Table 9-2: Estimated Budget expenditure

S.No.

Description Total Estimated

Amount Contingency - 3%

Grand Total

1 Collection & Transport 20.70 0.62 21.32

2 Processing Facility 55.92 1.68 57.60

3 Mechanical Component at Processing Facility 41.00 1.23 42.23

4 Leachate Treatment Cost - {Phytorid Technology} 17.61 0.53 18.14

5 Sanitary Landfill & associated facilities 39.18 1.18 40.35

6 Recycling facilities 10.00 0.30 10.30

7 Social Forestry 6.00 0.18 6.18

9 Rain water Harvesting 1.07 0.03 1.11

10 Dry Waste E Waste Collection Centre 4.46 0.13 4.60

11 Bio Mining/Bioremediation 5.00 0.15 5.15

Total Estimated Amount 200.95 6.03 206.98

9.2 Funding Pattern

S. No. Government Project contribution source Amount in Rs. Lakhs

% share by Govt. entity

1 Central SBM Grant 72.44 35.00%

2 State Grant towards its share in project 48.29

23.33%

3 Committed contribution by the TP 62.09 25.00%

4 Deficit 24.15 Total 206.98




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9.3 Detailed BOQ and Estimates

Name of the work : Civil Work for Platform for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi

Sr No

Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)

Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

1

Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw upto 2 mtrs and average lift upto 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142

Cum 1 20 12 0.15 36.0 36 32 1134

2

KSRRB M300-59.1. Loosening of the ground upto a level of 400mm below the sub grade level, watered, graded and compacted in layers ( which includes watering charges and compaction by vibratory roller)Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl No. 19.65, pg.no. 149

Cum 1 20 12 0.15 36.0 36 55 1966

3

KSRRB M400-6.2 Construction of granular sub- base by providing close graded material , spreading in uniform layers with motor grader on prepared surface , mixing by mix in place method by rotavator at OMC and compacting with vibratory power roller to achieve the desired density , complete as per specification.(Grade 2) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 20.5.2, pg.no. 155

Cum 1 20 12 0.125 30.0 30 1636 49077




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Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

4

KSRRB M600-1 Construction of dry lean cement concrete mix CC1:5:10 with OPC cement @ 160 Kg, with 25 mm down size graded granite metal coarse aggregate at 0.86 cum and fine aggregates @0.58 Cum Sub-base over a prepared sub-grade with (coarse and fine aggregate conforming to IS : 383) aggregate cement ratio not to exceed 15:1Aggregate gradation after blending to be as per Table 600-1 cement content mot to be less than 160Kg/Cum, optimum moisture content to be determined during trial length construction, concrete strength not to be less than 10 Mpa at 7 days, mixed in a batching plant, transported to site, laid with a paver with electronic sensor, compacting with 8-10 tones vibratory roller, finishing and curing complete as per specifications Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 22.1, pg.no. 176

Cum 1 20 12 0.15 36.0 36 4129 148630




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Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

5

Construction of un-reinforced plain cement concrete pavement (PQC)thickness as per design, over a prepared sub base with OPC cement at 360Kg per cum coarse aggregate @ 0.69cum and fine aggregate @ 0.46cum, with superplastisers @3lts conforming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008, mixed in a concrete mixer of not less than 0.6cum capacity and appropriate weigh batcher as per approved mix design, laid in approved fixed side form work (steel channel, laying and fixing of 125 micron thick polythene film, wedges, steel plates including levelling the form work as per drawing) and spreading the concrete with shovels, rackers compacted using needle, screed and plate vibrator and finished in a continuous operation inclusing provision of contraction, expansion, construction and longitudinal joints, including groove cutting charges, joint filler, separation membrane, sealant primer, joint sealant, admixtures as approved, curing compound, finishing to lines and grades as per drawing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. 22.6 pg.no.177

Cum 1 20 12 0.2 48.0 48 6128 294134

6

KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17




128

128


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

Tonne 493.6 1516.8 2010.4 2.1 2 63453 133943

7

KSRRB M300-54 Construction of Earthen shoulders with approved materials obtained from excavation from departmental land or other sources with all lifts & leads, spreading, grading to required slope and compaction complete as per specifications(Which includes watering charges & compaction by vibratory roller) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. 19.61 pg.no. 148

2 20 0.5 0.45 9.0 0

2 12 0.5 0.45 5.4 0

Cum 14.4 14 445 6411

Total Amount Rs. 6,35,295

Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi

Sr No

Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

1

Earth work excavation in hard soil for foundation of structures by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, construction of shoring and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, backfilling the excavation earth to the extent required and utilising the remaining earth locally upto 1 km lead.(Depth upto 3 Mts) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 2.23.1 pg.no. 7

Foundation F1 10 2.15 1.95 1.65 69.2

Foundation F2 0 0 0 0 0.0




129

129


Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

Cum 69.2 69.2 56 3850

2

KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12

Foundation F1 10 2.15 1.95 0.15 6.3


Cum

6.3 6.3 5637 35453

3

KSRB 4.2.2 Providing and Laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.460 cum, with superplasticisers @ 3 litters conforming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, columns and plinths etc., including the cost of all material, labour, HOM of machinery, compacting, curing complete but excluding the cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 4.2.2, Sl.No.4.11, pg.no. 13

Foundation F1 10 2 1.8 0.45 16.2 0


Columns upto Plinth Level 10 0.3 0.45 1.525 2.1 0




130

130


Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

Cum Total 18.3 18.3 6540 119420

4

KSRB 4.2.8: Providing and laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15cms thick, vibrated for beam, Roof slab including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.13, pg.no. 14

Plinth Beam 2 18.39 0.23 0.38 3.2 0

Columns above plinth level 10 0.3 0.45 4.525 6.1 0

Cum Total 9.3 9.3 6473 60352

5

KSRB 2.3: Filling available excavated earth in sides of foundations upto plinth in layers not exceeding 20 cms. In depth, compacting each deposited layer by ramming after watering with lead upto 50m. and lift upto 1.5 m. including cost of all labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.no. 2.10, pg.no. 6

Foundation F1 10 2.15 1.95 1.5 62.9


Filling below Plinth Beam 2 18.39 0.23 0.07 0.59

62.9

Deduction

Foundation F1 10 2 1.8 0.45 16.2 0


Columns upto Plinth Level 10 0.3 0.45 1.525 2.1

18.3

Total 44.6 44.6 133 5951




131

131


Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

6

KSRB 4-6.1: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for foundations, footings, bases of Columns for mass concrete including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.4.28, pg.no. 15

Footing F1 10 7.6 0.45 34.2 0

Footing F2 0 0 0 0.0

Columns below plinth 10 1.5 1.525 22.9 0

57.1 57.1 237.3 13544

7

KSRB 4-6.5: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for columns, pillers, post and struts, square/ rectangular/ polugon in plan including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.35, pg.no. 16

Columns above plinth level 10 1.5 4.525 67.9 0

182.0 182.0 384 69952

8

KSRB 4-6.7: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for sides and soffits of beams, beams haunching, cantilever, girders, bressumers and lintels etc not exceeding 1 M in depth including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.34, pg.no. 16

Plinth Beam 2 37.24 0.38 28.3 28.3 269 7608




132

132


Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

5


Tonne 2.16 2.16 63453 137058

6

Fabrication supplying and erecting M.S. Angular trusses of all spans as per approved drawing and design. The entire trusses is anchored in RCC column by using 4 nose of M.S. anchor bolts at each support with 10mm thick base plate and shoe plate. The work includes cutting, straightening, placing in position of M.S. angles and welding wherever necessary and applying one coat of red oxide primer coat to all the members including cost of all materials, labour charges, and hire charges of machineries for cutting, welding, grinding and erection equipments, with all lead and lift, transportation, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No. 7.30, pg.no. 41

Kg 7746 7746 128 992263




133

133


Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

7

KSRB 8.3-2 Providing and laying to required line and slope roofing with semi-corrugated (Trafford) asbestos cement sheet 6mm.thick fixed with galvanized iron J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8mm dia. C.I. plain and bitumen washers, over the existing purlins, rafters and trusses including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.8.6, pg.no. 46

Sqm 2 20 6.2 248.0 248.0 414 102598

8

KSRB 8.3-4 Providing and fixing Ridges and hips with asbestos cement sheet roofing with G.I. J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8 mm. dia. G.I. plain and bitumen washers, serrated or plain wings, adjustable ridges, including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.8.8, pg.no. 46

M 2 20 0 0 40.0 40.0 340.2 13608

9

Providing and laying to required line walls with GI sheet fixed with hook, bolts and nuts 8mm. Dia. GI plain and bitumen washers, at the existing angle section including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. As per Market rate

L 2 20 3 120.0

S 2 9 3 54.0

S 0 0 0 0.0

Sq.m 174.0 174 515 89523




134

134


Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

10

KSRB 15-18.1 Applying red lead ready mix priming coat over new steel or other metal surface including preparing the surface after thoroughly cleaning oil, grease, dirt and other foreign matter, and sourced with wire brushes, fine steel wool, sand papers including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.73 pg.no.121

Sq.m 348.0 348 29 10109

11

KSRB 15-18.2 Providing and applying enamel metal paint two coats (excluding priming coat) over new steel or other metal surface brushing to give an even shed after cleaning oil, grease, dirt and other foreign matter including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.74 pg.no.121

Sq.m 348.0 348 82 28501





135

135

Name of the work : Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter @ Kalaghatagi

Length of Storm Water Gutter 393 M

Sr No

Description of Item Unit No. Length Width

Height Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate Amount

1

Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw upto 2 mtrs and average lift upto 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142

Cum 1 403 0.75 0.65 196.46 196 32 6189

2


cum 1 393 0.75 0.1 29.475 29 5637 166164

3

KSRB 4.2.2 Providing and Laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.460 cum, with superplasticisers @ 3 liters conforming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, columns and plinths etc., including the cost of all material, labour, HOM of machinery, compacting, curing complete but excluding the cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17




136

136

Name of the work : Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter @ Kalaghatagi

Length of Storm Water Gutter 393 M

Sr No

Description of Item Unit No. Length Width

Height Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate Amount

North Karnataka KSRB 4.2.2, Sl.No.4.11, pg.no. 13

cum 1 393 0.65 0.1 25.545 26

2 393 0.1 0.45 17.685 18

43 6540 282744

4


525.38 248.38

773.75 0.81 0.81 63452.55 51551





137

137

Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Tank @ Kalaghatagi

Sr No

Description of Item Unit Total Qty.

No. Length Width Height Qty. Final Rate

Amount

1


Cum 68 1 7.2 4.2 2.25 68.04 56 3786

2


Cum 3 1 7.2 4.2 0.1 3.024 5637 17048




138

138


Sr No



Amount

3

KSRB 4.2.8 Providing and Laying in position reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.69cum and fine aggregates @ 0.46cum,with superplastisiser @ 3lts conforming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008,machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for Footing, Retaining walls, return walls, walls(Any thickness), including attached pilasters, bed blocks, etc., including the cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.4.13, pg.no. 14

Footing 1 7.2 4.2 0.35 10.584 0

Tank Walls 1 2 6.2 0.2 1.8 4.464 0

Tank Walls 2 2 3.2 0.2 1.8 2.304 0

Cover Slab 1 6.4 3.4 0.125 2.72 0

Hauch 1 2 6 0.007 0.084 0

Hauch 2 2 3 0.007 0.042 0

Cum 20 20.198 6378 128823

4

KSRB 4-6.5: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for columns, pillars, post and struts, square/ rectangular/ polygon in plan including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.35, pg.no. 16

Footing 1 22.8 0.35 7.98 0

Tank Walls 1 2 12.8 1.8 46.08 0

Tank Walls 2 2 6.8 1.8 24.48 0




139

139


Sr No



Amount

Cover Slab 1 19.6 0.125 2.45 0

Cover Slab sides 2 12.014 24.028 0

Hauch 2 6.014 12.028 0

Sq.m. 117 117.046

384 44981

5


Tonne 2 2.335 63453 148162

6

Providing Internal Cement Plaster 12mm thick in a single coat in cement mortar 1:4 to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering,: providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.10 pg.no.113

Tank Walls 1 2 6.2 1.8 22.32

Tank Walls 2 2 3.2 1.8 11.52

Sq.m. 34 33.84 162 5482





140

140

Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Drain @ Kalaghatagi

Length of Leachate Collection Drain 76 M

Sr No

Description of Item Unit No. Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

1

Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard /ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw upto 2 mtrs and average lift upto 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2015-16 North Karnataka Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142

Cum 76 0.55 0.6 25.08 25 32 790

2

KSRB 12.3.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of M 7.5 using 40 mm down size graded granite / trap metal for haunching of 300mm internal diameter half circular stoneware pipes, concrete machine mixed laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, well compacted, including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. As per Market Rate

M 76 76 76 762 57912

Total Amount Rs. 58,702




141

141

Name of the work : Civil Work for Compound Wall @ Kalaghatagi

Length of Compound Wall 298 M

Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

1


Foundation 298 0.8 0.8 0.8 153

Cum 153 152.6 56 8,491

2


For Foundation 298 0.8 0.8 0.15 28.61

For Fencing 83 0.36 0.36 0.3 3.22

Cum 31.83 31.8 5637 1,79,420




142

142



Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

3

KSRB 6-4.3: Providing and constructing Burnt Brick Masonry for Superstructure, with approved quality of non- modular bricks of standard size of class designation 3.5 Newton per sq mm with cement mortar 1:6, including cost of materials, labour charges, scaffolding, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 6.14 pg.no.28

a 298 0.69 0.15 30.843 -

b 298 0.46 0.15 20.6 -

c 298 0.36 0.35 37.55

wall 268.2 0.23 1.8 111.03

column 83 0.36 0.36 1.8 19.31

Deduction of PCC for fencing 83 0.36 0.36 0.3 3.22

Cum Total 216.1 216.1 6080 13,13,657

4

Providing Internal Cement Plaster 12mm thick in a single coat in cement mortar 1:4 to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering,: providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.10 pg.no.113

Sq.m 2 298 1.8 1072.8 1073 162 1,73,794

5 Angle iron 40x40x6mm Code No. 0019, pg. No. VII Weight /M

Kgs 83 0.9 3.5 260.75 261 38




143

143



Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

9,909

6

Providing barbed GI wire fencing of 12x12 gauge drawn into stone pillars or iron pillars including in holes wherever necessary excluding the cost of pillars but including the cost of barbed wire and binding wire etc., complete. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.37.5, pg.no. 262

M 4 298 1192.0 1192 28 32,899

7

Providing and finishing external walls in two coats with waterproof cement paint of approved brand and shade to give an even shade after thoroughly brooming the surface to remove all dirt and loose powered material, free from mortar drops and other foreign matter including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2015-16 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.53.1 pg.no.118

Sqm 2 298.0 1.8 1072.8 1073 69 74,023


Summary of Cost Estimates

Sr No Component Cost in Rupees Cost in Lakhs

1 Civil Work for Monsoon Shed Platform @ Kalaghatagi 6,35,295 6.35

2 Civil Work for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi 16,89,789 16.90

3 Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter @ Kalaghatagi 5,06,647 5.07

4 Civil Work Leachate Collection Tank @ Kalaghatagi 3,48,281 3.48




144

144

Summary of Cost Estimates

Sr No Component Cost in Rupees Cost in Lakhs

5 Civil Work Leachate Collection Drain @ Kalaghatagi 58,702 0.59

6 Civil Work Compound Wall @ Kalaghatagi 17,92,192 17.92

7 Weigh Bridge 5,61,000 5.61

Total 55,91,907 55.92

Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Raibag

Area of DWCC 40 Sq.m

Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

1


Foundation 6 0.5 0.5 1 1.5

Cum 1.5 2 56 83




145

145



Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

3


Cum 6 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 1.5 5637 8456

2

KSRB 2.3: Filling available excavated earth in sides of foundations upto plinth in layers not exceeding 20 cms. In depth, compacting each deposited layer by ramming after watering with lead upto 50m. and lift upto 1.5 m. including cost of all labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.no. 2.10, pg.no. 6

Filling in plinth 1 5 8 0.3 12 0

Cum 12 12.0 133.35 1600

4

Providing and laying flooring with M15 cement concrete 40 mm thick using broken granite 20 mm and down size laid to line and level in one layer and finish with a floating coat of neat cement, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 14.8 pg.no.101

Sq.m 1 5 8 0 40.0 40.0 333 13320




146

146



Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

5

Fabrication supplying and erecting M.S. Tubular trusses of all spans as per approved drawing and design with prefabricated steel applications using quality material and are durable, reliable and corrosion and abrasion resistant. Welding shall conform to latest structural welding code. Quality shall be on various parameters like shape, size, design gauge and polish. The entire trusses is anchored in RCC column by using 4 nose of M.S. anchor bolts at each support with 10mm thick base plate and shoe plate. The work includes cutting, straightening, placing in position of M.S.pipes and welding wherever necessary and applying one coat of red oxide primer coat to all the members including cost of all materials, labour charges, and hire charges of machineries for cutting, welding, grinding and erection equipments, with all lead and lift, transportation, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No. 7.29, pg.no. 41

Kg 1610 1610 110 177100

6

Providing and laying to required line walls with GI sheet fixed with hook, bolts and nuts 8mm. Dia. GI plain and bitumen washers, at the existing angle section including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. As per Market rate

Top 1 5 8 40.0 0

Short Side 2 5 3 30.0

Long Side 2 8 3 48.0

Sqm 121.9

122 490 59731




147

147



Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

7

Providing chain link fencing 50 mm size of 8 gauge properly stretched between existing rectangular poles and fixed with suitable bolts & nuts, the free ends shall be welded to the pole and block pipe at top and bottom as required including cost of all materials, labour, lead and lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 37.3pg.no. 262

W1 1 8 1.5 12.0

W2 1 8 1 8.0

W3 2 6.25

12.5

Sq.m 32.5 33 657 21353


Length of Fencing for DWCC 41 M

Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount




148

148



Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

3

Supplying and fixing M.S. Rectangular poles made out of 2 equal angles of 65x65x6 mm welded together and fixed in CC (1:2:4) with 2 nos 16 mm dia. M.S. hold fast rods each of length 25 cms. Including cost of all materials, cutting, bending scaffolding wherever necessary, nicely finishing the welded joints with all lead lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. ( excluding cost of earthwork and concrete ) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 37.2 pg.no. 262

RM 26 3.5 91.0 91 920 83720

4

Providing chain link fencing 50 mm size of 8 gauge properly stretched between existing rectangular poles and fixed with suitable bolts & nuts, the free ends shall be welded to the pole and block pipe at top and bottom as required including cost of all materials, labour, lead and lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 37.3pg.no. 262

Sqm 26 2 52.0 52 657 34164

5

Providing barbed GI wire fencing of 12x12 gauge drawn into stone pillars or iron pillars including in holes wherever necessary excluding the cost of pillars but including the cost of barbed wire and binding wire etc., complete. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.37.5, pg.no. 262

M 3 26 78.0 78 28 2153




149

149



Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

6

KSRRB M300-8.1. Planting and maintaining of flowering plants and shrubs in central verge MORTH Specification No. 307 (Duranta) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.19.86, pg.no. 151

M 26 22 579

7

Providing and fixing M.S. Gate as per Chief Architect Drawing, using 50mmx50mm 14 gauge M.S. hollow pipe frame work bent to ornamental shape as shown in the drawing and 35mm x 6mm and 16mm x 16mm square rods for verticls alternatively spaced at 4cms c/c in two halves and 40mm x 6mm M.S. flats for horizontal member and at the top cast iron spikes are provided at alternate vertical members as the shown in the drawing etc., complete. All the steel surface should be thoroughly clean free of dust and painted with anti corrosive paint (shop paint) etc., complete. The work includes cost of all materials, labour charges for all items of work, hire charges for welding, cutting and grinding equipment, and electricity charges with lead and lift, loading and unloading charges, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.7.37, pg.no. 43

Sqm 1 3 1.6 4.8 5 2947 14146


Bio-digester Toilet as per SBM Guidelines including fitting, Transport

1 30000 30,000

Total Amount Rs 4,46,405


Prepared by:

AIILSG Pune

Prepared For:

150

9.4 Requirement of Operation and Maintenance Cost

The table below gives details of required Operation and Maintenance cost for collection and

transportation of proposed Solid Waste Management System.

Table 9-3: Requirement of O and M

Man power cost Required

Collection & Transportation, Street Sweeping and Drain Cleaning Drivers for Door to door collection - Auto Tipper 3

PKs for door to door collection Auto Tipper 3

PKs for door to door collection Push Cart ( Congested Areas) 2

Drivers for street sweeping and C&D collection (3 Cum tractor trailer) 1

PKs for street sweeping and C&D collection (3Cum capacity tractor trailer) 3

PKs for street sweeping (Sweeper) 10

Drivers for 3 Cum capacity tractor trailer for Bulk Waste Collection 1

PKs for 3 Cum capacity tractor trailer for Bulk Waste Collection 3

DWCC PK at DWCC 1

Processing Site Driver for 3 Cum capacity tractor trailer and Back Hoe Loader at Landfill site 1

PK at Landfill Site 1

Security Guard 1

Manpower Cost

Total required

Permanent

Contract/ outsource

Salary / month/ person

Monthly expenses

Yearly expenses

Drivers – Auto tippers and Tractor Trailer 5 0 5 11710.6 58553 878295

JCB operator 1 0 1 12205.6 12205.6 183084

Pourkarmikas 23 7 16 13635.6 218169.6 3272544

Security Guard 1 0 1 10775.6 10775.6 161634

Total salary of permanent staff (existing) in Lakh Rs.

18.72

Total Salary of Proposed Staff (in Lakhs)

4495557

Total Salary of Proposed Staff (in Lakhs) in Lakhs Rs.

44.96

Total Salaries of Staff 63.68

Fuel (Rs. 60/ Lit.) No of Vehicles

Fuel Required (Lit. / Day)

Monthly Expense

Annual Expense

Auto tipper 3 3 16,200 194,400

3 Cum capacity tractor trailer for street Sweeping

1 5 9,000 108,000

Loaders vehicle at land fill site 1 14 25,200 302,400

3 Cum capacity tractor trailer for Bulk Waste 1 5 9,000 108,000

Bio-culture @ Rs. 60/- per Kg , plus transportation cost. Use of 800 gms per ton of

6,987 83,847




151

151

Fuel (Rs. 60/ Lit.) No of Vehicles

Fuel Required (Lit. / Day)

Monthly Expense

Annual Expense

garbage

Power No. of Units

Rate per Unit (Rs.)

Monthly Expense

Annual Expense

Power 50 7,500 90000

AMC Charges

AMC for vehicles @ 5% 257,543

AMC for Machinery & Equipments @ 5% 205,020

Water Charges

Water Supply 8 2,400 28800

Other

Baggage and packing cost Lump sum 2,000 24,000

Transportation Lump sum 2,000 24,000

Office cost Lump sum 2,000 24,000

Additives Lump sum 2,000 24,000

Misc Lump sum 1,000 12,000

Total Salaries Rs. 63,67,557

Total Proposed O&M Expenditure Rs. 78,53,567

9.5 Revenue from sale of compost & User Charges

The requirement of charges to be collected from residential households and commercial

entities and revenue from sale of compost to run Solid Waste Management Facility is

explained in the table below.

Table 9-4: Proposed user charges

Waste Generators No of Generators

Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Population 18612 18862 19104 19336 19559 19773

Total HH / Properties 3918 4036 4157 4281 4410 4542

Non Slum HH Total 3414 3516 3622 3731 3842 3958

Non Slum HH big 1024 1055 1087 1119 1153 1187

Non Slum HH small 2390 2461 2535 2612 2689 2771

Slum HH 504 519 535 551 567 584

Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 5 5 5 5 6 6

Hotels – big 9 9 9 10 10 10

Hotels - small 20 20 20 20 20 21

Meat shops, Slaughterhouse 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bulk Generators (a+b+c) 34 34 34 35 36 37

Petty Shops 56 58 59 61 63 65

Institutions 2 2 2 2 2 2

Other Commercials (d+e) 58 60 62 63 65 67




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Waste Generators No of Generators

Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

User Charges (Rs / Month)

Non Slum HH big 40 46 53 61 73 88

Non Slum HH small 35 40 46 53 64 77

Slum HH 30 35 40 46 55 66

Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 300 345 397 457 526 605

Hotels big 400 460 529 608 699 804

Hotels small 200 230 265 305 351 404

Meat shops/Slaughterhouse 200 230 265 305 351 404

Petty Shops 50 58 67 77 89 102

Institutions 400 460 529 608 699 804

Total Recovery from User Charges

Non Slum HH big 0.33 0.41 0.52 0.61 0.80 0.99

Non Slum HH small 0.67 0.84 1.05 1.25 1.64 2.03

Slum HH 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.27 0.33

Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04

Hotels big 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

Hotels small 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

Meat shops/Slaughterhouse 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Petty Shops 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07

Institutions 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02

Total Monthly 1.21 1.51 1.89 2.24 2.94 3.63

Revenue from User Charges (in Lakhs)

14.57 18.08 22.67 26.91 35.32 43.55

Compost Sale

Total Compost Generated (MT/Year)

356.65 361.45 366.07 370.52 374.80 378.90

Sale Value of Compost (Rs/ Kg) 2.50 2.50 2.66 2.84 3.02 3.22

Revenue from Sale of Compost 8.92 9.04 9.75 10.51 11.32 12.19

Revenue from Recyclable waste 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88

Total Revenue 24.32 27.96 33.27 38.28 47.51 56.62

O&M Expenses Proposed 78.54 83.64 89.08 94.87 101.03 107.60

Recovery Proposed 30.96% 33.43% 37.35% 40.35% 47.03% 52.62%

9.6 Financing of O&M expenses

SN Description Amount in Lakh

A O&M Expenses Proposed 78.54

B Revenue by sale of compost and by-products 8.92

C Revenue by way of User Charges 14.57

D Revenue by sale of recyclables 0.83

Total revenue proposed 24.32

Deficit (SWM) = Proposed total SWM O&M cost – Proposed total revenue 54.22




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SN Description Amount in Lakh

generated (SWM related cess)

E 75% of Proposed PK cost to be obtained from untied grants such as SFC etc. 24.54

F 100% SFC grant for existing permanent staff 18.72

9.7 Breakup of Financial Aspect

Sl. No.

Particulars Capital Cost (Rs. In Lakhs) O & M Cost

(Rs. In Lakhs)

Civil Components

Vehicles & Machineries

a Door-to-door collection & transportation 20.0 1.94

b Street sweeping & other cleaning activities and transportation

0.7 1.08

c Dry waste collection centre 4.6 10.30

d Secondary collection & transportation 0.6 1.08

e Waste Processing (Aerobic Composting (organic waste) Including civil works total capital cost)

57.6 42.23 5.99

f Waste disposal and Leachate treatment 58.5 0 3.92

g Bio-mining if considered 5.2

h Salaries of Proposed Staff 63.68

i Others (Social Forestry, Rainwater Harvesting) 7.3 0.84

133.1 73.9 78.54

Total Cost 206.98 78.54

Cost / Ton 32.22 3109


Prepared by:

AIILSG Pune

Prepared For:

154

Annexure 1. Legal Aspects

The legal framework for solid waste management stems from the Municipality Act, the state

policy on solid waste management and the MSW rules 2016 and associates rules. It is

advisable to incorporate in the responsibilities of the various stakeholders to enable

enforcement of proper solid waste management.

The following legal provisions may be incorporated in the ULB

Duties of waste generators.-

(1) Every waste generator shall,

(a) segregate and store the waste generated by them in three separate streams namely

bio-degradable, non bio-degradable and domestic hazardous wastes in suitable bins and

handover segregated wastes to authorised waste pickers or waste collectors as per the

direction or notification by the local authorities from time to time;

(b) wrap securely the used sanitary waste like diapers, sanitary pads etc., in the pouches

provided by the manufacturers or brand owners of these products or in a suitable wrapping

material as instructed by the local authorities and shall place the same in the bin meant for

dry waste or non- bio-degradable waste;

(c) store separately construction and demolition waste, as and when generated, in his

own premises and shall dispose off as per the Construction and Demolition Waste

Management Rules, 2016; and

(d) Store horticulture waste and garden waste generated from his premises separately in

his own premises and dispose of as per the directions of the local body from time to time.

(2) No waste generator shall throw, burn or burry the solid waste generated by him, on

streets, open public spaces outside his premises or in the drain or water bodies.

(3) All waste generators shall pay such user fee for solid waste management, as specified

in the bye-laws of the local bodies.

(4) No person shall organise an event or gathering of more than one hundred persons at

any unlicensed place without intimating the local body, at least three working days in

advance and such person or the organiser of such event shall ensure segregation of waste at

source and handing over of segregated waste to waste collector or agency as specified by

the local body.

(5) Every street vendor shall keep suitable containers for storage of waste generated

during the course of his activity such as food waste, disposable plates, cups, cans, wrappers,

coconut shells, leftover food, vegetables, fruits, etc., and shall deposit such waste at waste

storage depot or container or vehicle as notified by the local body.

(6) All resident welfare and market associations shall, within one year from the date of

notification of these rules and in partnership with the local body ensure segregation of

waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these rules facilitate collection of

segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable material to either the

authorised waste pickers or the authorised recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be




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processed, treated and disposed off through composting or bio-methanation within the

premises as far as possible. The residual waste shall be given to the waste collectors or

agency as directed by the local body.

(7) All gated communities and institutions with more than 5,000 sqm area shall, within one

year from the date of notification of these rules and in partnership with the local body,

ensure segregation of waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these rules,

facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable material

to either the authorised waste pickers or the authorized recyclers. The bio-degradable

waste shall be processed, treated and disposed off through composting or bio-methanation

within the premises as far as possible. The residual waste shall be given to the waste

collectors or agency as directed by the local body.

(8) All hotels and restaurants shall, within one year from the date of notification of these

rules and in partnership with the local body ensure segregation of waste at source as

prescribed in these rules, facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate streams,

handover recyclable material to either the authorised waste pickers or the authorised

recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be processed, treated and disposed off through

composting or bio-methanation within the premises as far as possible. The residual waste

shall be given to the waste collectors or agency as directed by the local body.

Duties and responsibilities of local authorities and village Panchayats of census towns and

urban agglomerations.-

The local authorities and Panchayats shall,-

(a) prepare a solid waste management plan as per state policy and strategy on solid

waste management within six months from the date of notification of state policy and

strategy and submit a copy to respective departments of State Government or Union

territory Administration or agency authorised by the State Government or Union territory

Administration;

(b) Arrange for door to door collection of segregated solid waste from all households

including slums and informal settlements, commercial, institutional and other non

residential premises. From multi-storage buildings, large commercial complexes, malls,

housing complexes, etc., this may be collected from the entry gate or any other designated

location;

(c) establish a system to recognise organisations of waste pickers or informal waste

collectors and promote and establish a system for integration of these authorised waste-

pickers and waste collectors to facilitate their participation in solid waste management

including door to door collection of waste;

(d) facilitate formation of Self Help Groups, provide identity cards and thereafter

encourage integration in solid waste management including door to door collection of

waste;

(e) frame bye-laws incorporating the provisions of these rules within one year from the

date of notification of these rules and ensure timely implementation;




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(f) prescribe from time to time user fee as deemed appropriate and collect the fee from

the waste generators on its own or through authorised agency;

(g) direct waste generators not to litter i.e. throw or dispose of any waste such as paper,

water bottles, liquor bottles, soft drink canes, tetra packs, fruit peel, wrappers, etc., or burn

or burry waste on streets, open public spaces, drains, waste bodies and to segregate the

waste at source as prescribed under these rules and hand over the segregated waste to

authorised the waste pickers or waste collectors authorised by the local body;

(h) setup material recovery facilities or secondary storage facilities with sufficient space

for sorting of recyclable materials to enable informal or authorised waste pickers and waste

collectors to separate recyclables from the waste and provide easy access to waste pickers

and recyclers for collection of segregated recyclable waste such as paper, plastic, metal,

glass, textile from the source of generation or from material recovery facilities; Bins for

storage of bio-degradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage of recyclable

wastes shall be printed white and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed black;

(i) direct street sweepers not to burn tree leaves collected from street sweeping and

store them separately and handover to the waste collectors or agency authorised by local

body;

(j) provide training on solid waste management to waste-pickers and waste collectors;

(k) collect waste from vegetable, fruit, flower, meat, poultry and fish market on day to

day basis and promote setting up of decentralised compost plant or bio-methanation plant

at suitable locations in the markets or in the vicinity of markets ensuring hygienic

conditions;

(l) collect separately waste from sweeping of streets, lanes and by-lanes daily, or on

alternate days or twice a week depending on the density of population, commercial activity

and local situation;

(m) Transport segregated bio-degradable waste to the processing facilities like compost

plant, bio-methanation plant or any such facility. Preference shall be given for on site

processing of such waste;

(n) transport non-bio-degradable waste to the respective processing facility or material

recovery facilities or secondary storage facility;

(o) involve communities in waste management and promotion of home composting, bio-

gas generation, decentralised processing of waste at community level subject to control of

odour and maintenance of hygienic conditions around the facility;

(zc) educate workers including contract workers and supervisors for door to door

collection of segregated waste and

Transporting the unmixed waste during primary and secondary transportation to processing

or disposal facility;

(zd) ensure that the operator of a facility provides personal protection equipment

including uniform, fluorescent

jacket, hand gloves, raincoats, appropriate foot wear and masks to all workers handling solid

waste and the same are used by the workforce;

(zf) frame bye-laws and prescribe criteria for levying of spot fine for persons who litters or




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fails to comply with the provisions of these rules and delegate powers to officers or local

bodies to levy spot fines as per the bye laws framed; and

(zg) create public awareness through information, education and communication campaign

and educate the waste generators on the following; namely:-

(i) not to litter

(ii) minimise generation of waste;

(iii) reuse the waste to the extent possible;

(iv) practice segregation of waste into bio–degradable, non-biodegradable (recyclable

and combustible),

(v) practice home composting, vermi-composting, bio-gas generation or community

level composting;

(vi) wrap securely used sanitary waste as and when generated in the pouches provided

by the brand owners or a suitable wrapping as prescribed by the local body and

place the same in the bin meant for non- biodegradable waste;

(vii) storage of segregated waste at source in different bins;

(viii) handover segregated waste to waste pickers, waste collectors, recyclers or

waste collection agencies;

And

(ix) Pay monthly user fee or charges to waste collectors or local bodies or any other

person authorised by the local body for sustainability of solid waste management.

Legal Provisions related to Solid Waste Management and Sanitation under Karnataka

Municipal Act 1964

Clause Sub clause Provision

75

Compulsory acquisition of land -Whenever a municipal council

requires any immovable property for the purposes of this Act, the

Government may, at the request of the municipal council procure

the acquisition thereof under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, and

the immovable property shall be transferred to the municipal

council and shall thereafter vest in such council.

Chapter V Obligatory and Discretionary Functions of Municipal Councils

Obligatory functions of municipal councils related to Sanitation –


87 C

cleansing public streets, places and sewers, and all spaces not being

private property, which are open to the enjoyment of the public,

whether such spaces are vested in the municipal council or not,

removing noxious vegetation and abating all public nuisances

e regulating or abating offensive or dangerous trades or practices

r

providing covered metallic receptacles and covered metallic

receptacles mounted on wheels for use by servants employed by the

municipal council for the removal of night soil and rubbish and




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disposing of night-soil and rubbish and, if so required by the

Government, preparation of compost manure from such night-soil

and rubbish

Discretionary functions of municipal councils related to Sanitation –


91 k

Supplying, constructing and maintaining receptacles, fittings, pipes

and other appliances whatsoever on or for the use of private

premises for receiving and conducting the sewage thereof into a

sewer under the control of the municipal council

Chapter IX Powers and Offences

Powers connected with Drainage and Water Works


193 Municipal control over drains, etc.

194 Powers for making drains

195 Sufficient drainage of houses

196 Power of owners and occupiers of 1[buildings or vacant lands]1 to

drain into municipal drains

197 Right to carry drain through land or into drain belonging to other

persons

199 Provision of privies, etc

201 Power to close existing private drains

203 Encroachment on municipal drains, etc

206 Power of carrying water mains, etc

Powers for the prevention of nuisance

224 1

Depositing dust, etc. - Whoever deposits or causes or suffers any

member of his family or household to deposit any dust, dirt, dung or

ashes, or garden, kitchen or stable refuse, or filth of any kind, or any

animal matter or any broken glass or earthenware or other rubbish

or any other thing that is or may be a nuisance, shall be punished

with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.

2

Except with the permission of the municipal council, disposal of any

night soil into any sewer, drain, culvert, tunnel, gutter or water-

course, same, shall be punished with fine which may extend to

twenty-five rupees.

225

Discharging sewage, etc - Whoever causes or allows the water of any

sink or sewer or any other liquid or other matter which is or which is

likely to become offensive, or causes or allows any offensive matter

from any sewer or privy to run, drain or be thrown into a surface

drain in any street, without the permission in writing of the

municipal council or who fails to comply with any condition




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prescribed in such permission, shall be punished with fine which

may extend to twenty-five rupees.

227 1

Removal of night soil

The municipal council may from time to time fix the hours during

which only it shall be lawful to remove any night-soil or other such

offensive matter.

(b) at any time, whether such hours have been fixed by the

municipal council or not,-

(i) uses for any such purpose any cart, carriage, receptacle or vessel

not having a covering proper for preventing the escape of the

contents thereof and of the stench there from, or

(ii) wilfully or negligently slops or spills any such offensive matter in

the removal thereof, or

(iii) does not carefully sweep and clean every place in which any

such offensive matter has been slopped or spilled, or

(iv) places or sets down in any public place any vessel containing

such offensive matter, or

(v) drives or takes or causes to be driven or taken any cart, carriage,

receptacle or vessel used for any such purpose as aforesaid through

any street or by any route, other than such as shall from time to

time be appointed for that purpose by the municipal council by

public notice,

Shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.

233 1

Provision of bathing facilities -The municipal council may set apart

sufficient public places for the purpose of being used as bathing

places

234

Fouling water.—Whoever, bathes in any stream, pool, tank,

reservoir, well, cistern, conduit and aqueduct belonging to the

municipal council, or washes, or causes to be washed therein any

animal or anything whatever, or throws, puts or casts or causes to

enter therein any animal or anything, shall be punished with fine

which may extend to fifty rupees.

235 1

Regulation of washing of clothes by washer men.— The municipal

council may, by public notice, prohibit the washing of clothes by

washer men in the exercise of their calling, except at such places as

it shall appoint for this purpose;

2 The municipal council shall provide suitable places for the exercise

236 1

Abatement of nuisances from wells, etc.— If, in the opinion of the

municipal council, any pool, ditch, quarry excavation is or is likely to

become a breeding place of mosquitoes or in any other respect a




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nuisance, the municipal council may, by notice in writing, require the

owner thereof to fill up, cover over or drain off

238

Using offensive manure, etc - Whoever, except with the written

permission of the municipal council, and in the manner, if any,

enjoined in such permission stores or uses night soil or other

manure or substance emitting an offensive smell shall be punished

with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.

239

Tethering cattle, etc.—Whoever tethers cattle or other animals, or

causes or suffers them to be tethered by any member of his family

or household, in any public street or place so as to obstruct or

endanger the public traffic therein, or to cause a nuisance, or who

causes or suffers such animals to stray about without a keeper, shall

be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.

240

Feeding animals on filth.—Whoever feeds any animal which is kept

for dairy purposes or is intended for human food on excrementitious

matter, stable refuse, filth, or other offensive matter, or permits

such animal to feed or to be fed on such matter, shall be punished

with fine which may extend to fifty rupees.

241 2

Consumption of smoke - (2) If any person shall, after such direction,

use or permit to be used, any such furnace not so constructed,

supplemented, or altered, or shall so negligently use, or permit to be

used, any such furnace that the smoke arising there from shall not

be effectually consumed or burnt as far as may be practicable, every

person so offending being the owner or occupier of the said works

or buildings or being an agent or other person employed by such

owner or occupier for managing the same, shall be punished with

fine which may extend to fifty rupees and upon any subsequent

conviction with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees:

242 iv

Prohibition of nuisance.—Whoever, carries meat exposed to public

view, shall, be punished with fine which may extend to one hundred

rupees

Regulation of markets, sale of goods, etc.


243 2

Licensing markets, slaughter houses and certain businesses -

Whoever uses or permits the use of any place contrary to the

direction, or without the licence required by sub-section (1), or in

contravention of any of the conditions or during the suspension of

the licence shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-

five rupees

244 2 Opening, closing and letting of markets and slaughter houses - Any




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person who, without the permission or licence of the municipal

council, sells or exposes for sale any articles in the said markets, or

uses the said slaughter houses, shall be punished with fine which

may extend to twenty-five rupees.

246

Slaughter houses, etc., beyond municipal limits.—It shall be lawful

for the municipal council with the sanction of the Deputy

Commissioner, to establish slaughter houses, or places for the

disposal of carcasses of animals beyond the limits of the 1[municipal

area] 1 and all provisions of this Act and of bye-laws in force there

under relating to such places within municipal limits shall have full

force therein, as if such places were within the municipal limits.

Chapter XIII Rules and Bye - Laws


324 1

Power to make bye-laws - Subject to the provisions of this Act and

the rules made there under, every municipal council may from time

to time make, alter or rescind bye-laws –

(a) for the regulation and inspection of markets, all public places

used for the sale of articles, and slaughter houses and all places used

by or for animals which are for sale or hire or the produce of which

is sold, and for the proper and clean conduct of business therein, for

regulating the sale of fruits, flowers and vegetables, or meat, fish,

eggs and animals in the municipal markets or other specified places,

and for fixing the rents and other charges to be levied for the use of

any of them which belong to the municipal council

(l) for the regulation of advertisements and their display

2 In making any bye-laws under sub-section (1), the municipal council

may provide that a contravention thereof shall be punishable,—

5

Every bye-law made by a municipal council under this section shall

not have effect until it has been approved by the Government; and

every such bye-law shall be submitted to the Government along with

a copy of the notice published under sub-section (4) and of every

objection or suggestion received with respect to the draft bye-law.

7

Every bye-law as approved by the Government shall be published in

the prescribed manner and shall come into force from such date as

may be specified by the municipal council and where no date is

specified on the date of such publication.

325 1

Power of Government to make model bye-laws and adoption of such

bye-laws by municipal councils. –

(1) In respect of any of the matters specified in section 324 the

Government may, after previous publication of the draft for not less




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than one month, make model bye-laws, and such bye-laws may be

different for different classes of 1[municipal areas]1. 1. Substituted

by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.

2

A municipal council may by resolution adopt the model bye-laws in

respect of any matter, and such bye-laws shall come into force in

such 1[municipal area]1 from such date as the municipal council may

specify in a notice published in the prescribed manner. 1.

Substituted by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.

3

If a municipal council proposes to adopt the model bye-laws in

respect of any matter subject to any modifications, the procedure

specified in sub-sections (4), (5) and (6) of section 324 shall be

followed as if the modifications were bye-laws proposed to be made

by the municipal council. The modifications as approved by the

Government shall be published in the prescribed manner and the

model bye-laws shall subject to such modifications come into force

from such date as may be specified by the municipal council and

where no date is specified on the date of such publication.

4

a) The Government may by order direct any municipal council to

adopt the model bye-laws in respect of any matter, within such

period not being less than three months from the date of receipt of

the direction by the municipal council. (b) If the municipal council

fails to take any action for adopting the model bye-laws with or

without modifications, the Government may by notification declare

that the said model bye-laws shall come into force in the said

1[municipal area]1 from such date as may be specified in such

notification, and such bye-laws shall come into force accordingly. 1.

Substituted by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.

5 The provisions of this section shall have effect notwithstanding

anything contained in section 324.




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Annexure 2. Solid Waste Chemical Analysis




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Annexure 3. Survey Analysis

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY Kalghatgi TP

Questionnaire Format 1. City 2. Name of Surveyor

3. Name of City 4. Ward Number

5. Locality

6. Date

7. Location of City

Latitude (decimal degrees, e.g. -42.454): Longitude (decimal degrees, e.g. 115.55): Personal Information

8. Name of Respondent

9. Age 10. Highest Educational Qualification of the Family head

Primary Education

Secondary Education

Higher Secondary

Graduate

Post Graduate 11. No of members in the House 12. Who gives the waste in your house?

Male

Female

Any 13. Age of Person Giving waste 14. At What time are most people at home

in Afternoon from 10am to 1 pm

Morning up to 10 Am 15. Daily Waste Generated in kg 16. Frequency of Door to Door Waste collection

Daily

Weekly

Once in 2 Days

Not Collected 17. Reasons for Door to Door Waste collection not Happening

No one is coming for D2D connection

Our area is not accesible for D2D collection vehicle

I am not at home w hen they come, time does not match

They do not come at a fixed time

Did not know about the system

Not Applicable




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18. Do you know what is wet waste and dry waste Yes

No 19. Do you segregate waste as wet waste & dry waste

Yes

No 20. Why don't you segregated Waste

No time

Do not w ant to /or have separate bins

Get confused on w hat to throw w here 21. If given separate bins will you segregate

Yes

No 22. Do you think your neighborhood is kept clean by the municipality

Yes

they do not collect w aste regularly

they do not sw eep roads properly

People throw garbage on road 23. Are there adequate Municipality container bins in the locality

Yes

No 24. Frequency of Waste Collection from Municipality Container Bin

Tw ice a Day

Daily

Once in 2 Days

Weekly

Randomly 25. Willingness to Pay & Contributions 26. Do you pay for Solid Waste Management System

Yes

No 27. How much do you pay / month 28. If not paying are you willing to pay for improved Services

Yes

No 29. How much you are willing to pay for improved SWM system / Month

Up to 20

21 to 30

31 to 50

51 to 70 30. Exposure to IEC 31. Do You Own A TV

Yes

No 32. Do you take daily newspaper

Yes

No 33. What Kind of Awareness program do you prefer

Community meeting

Pamphlet

Street plays

Announcements

Advertisements 34. Save Response




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1. The following pie chart depicts the highest educational qualification of the family head

and the percentage.

This chart shows that majority of the population (family heads) have Primary education

(70%), followed by Secondary education (14%) and 9% of the people have higher secondary,

7% are graduates.

2. This pie chart depicts the percentage of who in the family gives waste to waste

collectors

This chart shows that in majority of the households, the waste is given by the females (99%)

and only 1% male.

3. The pie shows the time when people are available at home for waste collection

7%

9%

70%

14%

Highest education qualification by family head

Graduate

Higher Secondary

Primary Education

Secondary Education

99%

1% Who gives waste in your house

Female

Male

33%

67%

People available at home

in Afternoon from 10am to 1 pm

Morning up to 10 Am




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67% are available in the morning up to 10 am and 33% are available in afternoon from 10am to 1pm

4. The following chart shows the frequency of door to door waste collection

In majority of the households i.e., 55% the waste is not collected, 23% of them do it weekly

and 20% of households it is collected daily.

5. Frequency of people knowing the difference between wet waste and dry waste is

shown in this chart.

It is seen in this chart that many people (89%) know the difference between dry and wet

waste and only 11% do not know the difference.

6. This chart shows the frequency of people who segregate dry and wet waste at

household level.

85% people carry out segregation of wet and dry waste whereas 15% do not segregate the

household waste

20%

55%

2%

23%

Frequency of door to door collection

Daily

Not Collected

Once in 2 Days

Weekly

11%

89%

Do you know difference between wet waste and dry waste

No

Yes

15%

85%

Segregation of wet waste and dry waste

No

Yes




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7. This pie chart depicts the reasons for not segregating waste at household level and the

frequency thence.

Out of the population surveyed, when asked the reason for not segregating their household

waste 52 % of the people said that they do not have time, 41% do not want or they do not

have separate bins for segregation and 7% get confused for segregating.

8. This chart shows the frequency of people who are willing to segregate waste if given

separate bins for dry and wet waste.

Of the above population, 56% of the people are ready to segregate wet and dry waste if

provided with separate bins by the municipal council.

9. This chart shows the frequency of people who think that their neighborhood is kept

clean by municipality.

41%

7%

52%

Reasons for not segregating the waste

Do not want to /or have separate bins

Get confused on what to throw where

No time

44%

56%

HH who will segregate if given separate bins

No

Yes

49%

15%

36%

Is your neighborhood kept clean by municipality

they do not collect waste regularly

they do not sweep roads properly

Yes




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When asked if their respective neighbourhoods were kept clean by the municipality, 49%

think they do not collect waste regularly, 36% are satisfied and they think the

neighbourhood is kept clean by municipality and 15% say the municipality do not sweep

roads properly.

10. Following pie chart depicts the frequency of collection from container bins in Kalghatgi.

The waste from municipality container bins is collected daily by 30% people followed by

twice a day (27%), weekly (21%) and once in 2 days (1%).

11. The following pie shows the people pay for the available solid waste management

system

63% of the population do not pay for the SWM system and 37% pay for the same.

12. This pie chart depicts the people willing to pay for improved SWM system.

Out of the people surveyed 97% are willing to pay, whereas 3% are not willing to pay.

30%

19%

3%

27%

21%

Frequency of Waste Collection from Municipality Container bin

Daily

Once in 2 Days

Randomly

Twice a Day

Weekly

63%

37%

Do you pay for SWM system

No

Yes

3%

97%

Are you willing to pay for improved services

No

Yes




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13. This chart shows the amount of money that people are willing to pay for improved

services.

Out of the above, 97% of the people are willing to pay up to 20 rupees and the rest 3% are

willing to pay 21 to 30 rupees.

14. This chart depicts the frequency of people who receive daily newspapers.

From the above analysis 81% of the total population do not receive daily newspaper and the

rest 19% receive the newspaper.

15. This chart depicts the preferred mode of awareness regarding SWM system and its

importance.

The above chart shows that 47% prefer pamphlets, 33% prefer announcements, 17%

through street plays and the remaining are the various assorted mode of advertisements.

3%

97%

Amount willing to pay

21 to 30

Up to 20

81%

19%Do you take daily news paper

No

Yes

0%

33%

0%

2%

47%

1% 17%

Preferred awareness programme

Advertisements

Announcements

Announcements|Advertisements

Community meeting




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Annexure 4. Existing and Proposed Route

Map for Collection and Transport Vehicles

GIS Based Route Optimization

In the MSWM DPR the digital base map are prepared. The roads are depicted as road

centrelines and respective road flanks as per their widths. The actual physical marking of the

routes of the vehicles is done on the base maps. These digital base maps are used as the

input and optimum routes have been identified for Solid Waste collection for door to door

household level. The digital base map of Town Panchayat shows the road network, building

footprints, waste dumping site, and location of bulk generators. The road network

comprises of road centrelines and the road flanks (marked as per the road widths).

For the purpose of optimum route identification, initially all the road junctions (nodes, to be

treated as garbage collection points) are marked. This was followed by manual selection of

nodes to be retained as garbage collection point and discarding the others. The selection of

nodes was based upon the density of buildings in the zone under consideration. Optimum

route for Solid Waste collection was identified using ESRI’s Network Analyst extension of

ArcView GIS. This extension helps the user to use the networks more efficiently. It gives the

facility to find the best route to get from one location to another, or the best way to visit

several locations. It allows the user to either decide the order in which the locations are to

be visited, or the Network Analyst can find the best visiting sequence.

Network Analyst used Direction and Resistance as the minimum parameters for finding the

optimum route. As of now, all the roads have been marked as one way roads or

Bidirectional roads on basis of actual site scenario and the length of individual road segment

as the resistance. Thus, for given source and destination with intermediate nodes to be

visited, Network Analyst finds the existing connectivity and selects the geometrically

shortest route as the ‘Optimum Path’.

Garbage collection typically follows the sequence: from node to dumping site. The optimum

route is identified for Solid Waste collection from nodes. The existing routes and proposed

optimized routes for Solid Waste Collection are presented below.




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Annexure 5. Designs for proposed Waste

Processing facility


Prepared by:

AIILSG Pune

Prepared For:

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Annexure 6. Machine, Equipment and Vehicle

Specifications

Machine and Equipment Specifications

Municipal Solid waste Processing plant

Coarse Segregation Trommel 35

This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-35 rejects all material having overall size above 35 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment.

Technical Data Structure : Various rolled steel sections

Viz. ISMC150, ISMC125, ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.

Covers : M.S. sheet 10 , 12 & 14 SWG Drive: Friction Drive ( Tyre type) Motor : Hydraulic ( Radial Piston type) Tyre: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type Screen : M.S.- 7 SWG with punched hole of 35 mm Ring: Fabricated, Heavy duty. Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure

Length – L – 4.5 m Width – W – 1.8 m Height – H – 4.5 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]

DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 9 RPM Capacity : 6.5 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)

Salient Features : (1) Fully covered with heavy duty dust covers. (2) Easily replaceable screens. (3) Spiral flights to move material faster and prevent choking.


Coarse Segregation Conveyor - Process 35

This special conveyor is meant to take material coming through the screens of Trommel-35 and feed that material to Trommel - 14. This conveyor is of Chain belt type & is specially designed to meet requirements of MSW management’s plants.




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Viz. ISMC125, ISMC100, ISMC75, ISA50, etc.

Covers : M.S. sheet 14 SWG Gear Box : Worm reduction Gearbox Motor : Hydraulic ( G-Rotor type) Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller

type 3” pitch Belt : 450 mm wide, 3 ply

8mm thick Rubberized Sprockets: 3” pitch. Hardened Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure

Length – L – 6.6 m Width – W – 0.8 m Height – H – 3 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]

DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 12 MPM Capacity : 6.5 TPH(Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)

Salient Features : (1) Typical ‘Z’ shaped Design. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS: 2062.




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Coarse Segregation Conveyor -reject 35

Reject – 35 serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Trommel – 35, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed to handle bulky and irregular shaped material.



Covers : M.S. sheet 12 & 14 SWG Gear Box : Shaft mounted( SGR) Motor : Hydraulic ( G-Rotor type) Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller



Length – L – 6.6 m Width – W – 0.8 m Height – H – 3 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]

DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 12 MPM Capacity : 3 TPH(Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)

Salient Features : Speed variation is possible. (1) Shaft mounted gearbox eliminates chances of misalignment. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS: 2062.




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Coarse Segregation Trommel 14

This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-14 rejects all material having overall size above 14 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment. The output of Trommel-14 is semi furnished organic manure.



Covers : M.S. sheet 10 , 12 & 14 SWG Drive: Friction Drive ( Tyre type) Motor : Hydraulic ( Radial Piston type) Tyre: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type Screen : M.S.- 7 SWG with punched hole of

35 mm Ring: Fabricated, Heavy duty. Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure


DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 9 RPM Capacity : 6.5 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)





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Coarse Segregation Transfer Conveyor

Transfer conveyor is meant to take material coming through screens of Trommel – 14 and drop the material in Semi-finish godown. This conveyor is of Chain belt type & is specifically designed to meet requirements of MSW management plants.



Covers : M.S. sheet12 &14 SWG Gear Box : Worm reduction Gearbox Motor : Hydraulic ( Radial Piston type) Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller



Length – L – 10 m Width – W – 0.8 m Height – H – 3 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]

DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 12 MPM Capacity : 6.5 TPH(Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)

Salient Features : (1) Typical ‘L’ shaped Design with special guide to prevent side shift. (2) Length & discharge height can be altered as per site conditions.




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Coarse Segregation Conveyor -reject 14

Reject – 14 serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Trommel – 14, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed to handle bulky and irregular shaped material.



Covers : M.S. sheet 10 , 12 & 14 SWG Drive: Friction Drive ( Tyre type) Motor : Hydraulic ( G rotor type) Chain: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type

with 3” pitch Screen : M.S.- 7 SWG with punched hole of

35 mm Ring: Fabricated, Heavy duty. Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure


DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 12 MPM Capacity : 2 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)





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Refinement Section Finishing Reject Conveyor

This conveyor serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Rotary screen, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed for handling MSW Handling Plant.



Covers: M.S. sheet. 12 & 14 SWG Gear Box: Worn Reduction Gearbox Motor : Electrical Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller

type with 3”pitch Belt : 450 mm, Wide, 2Ply

8mm thick, Rubberized Sprockets: 3” pitch. Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint

Length – L – 6 m Width – W – 0.8 m Height – H – 2.3 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]

DYNAMICS Drive mode : Electrical Power Reqd. : 3HP Speed : 12 MPM Capacity : 2 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)

Salient Features : (1) Length and Discharge height can be varied, depending on site conditions. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS:2062

Trommel 04

a) Process To rotate the dry waste into Screening Compartment. Screening & Dropping the items below 4 mm on the Discharge Conveyor for processing Rejecting and Dropping the oversized material more than 4 mm on Rejecting Conveyor

b) Capacity 6.5 tons per hour

c) Material of Construction M.S. Fabricated body. Corrosion resistant paint.

d) Electric Drive 10 HP Electric Motor, 3 phase, With suitable Reduction Gear Box.

e)

Drive Fiction Drive (Tyre Type) Heavy Duty Chain Sprocket Heavy Duty Support Rollers 4 Nos. and Thrust Rollers 2 Nos.

f) Screen Holes M.S. Screen 3 mm thick (10 SWG) with Punched holes Dia 4 mm

g) Screen Size Screen Size Dia 1000 mm x 3500 mm

h) Screening Compartment Spiral Flights to move material faster and prevent chocking.

i) Control Panel On / Off with suitable Dual Contactors




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Hydraulic System

Hydraulic system is meant to run all Hydraulic motor driven equipment’s. It consists of Power Pack which convert electrical energy into Hydraulic energy, which in turn is connected to all the equipment’s. Hydraulically driven equipment’s supersede electrical driven performance, speed control and hazard management.

Technical Data Power Packs Two

(a) P.P. I – 15 H.P. (b) P.P. II – 15 H.P.

Drive: Electrical Manifold: Specially designed, MS Pump : Twin Stage, Heavy Duty (3090 / 3070) Motors : Radial Piston & Orbit Line : Heavy Duty 20 mm Cooling : Forced water circulation in

Cooling tank through radiator. Controls: Local push button type control panel for each 20 H.P unit Reservoir: M.S. fabricated, 400lt oil capacity Working : Servo system 68 fluid

Salient Features : (1) Cooling coil made from Cu to give better cooling. (2) All controls at push button type control panel. (3) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS:2062




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Control System

This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-14 rejects all material having overall size above 14 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment. The output of Trommel-14 is semi furnished organic manure.

Technical Data Body : All MS as per IS : 2062

Sheet 12 & 14 swg, ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.

Control element : All Standard as L&T Siemen etc & electrical accessories Primer: Epoxy Primer Colour: Epoxy Paint Enclosure: As per IPSS Display : Temp, Voltage , On ,

Off Mimic display

[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]

Salient Features : (1) All Switches / relays of standard & reputed make. (2) Rigid enclosure as per specifications with facility of cabinet light. (3) Emergency shut off switch at various locations.

(Back Hoe Loader Pallet Trucks

Bag stitching machine Weight Machine (100 kg)




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40 ft Conveyor System for output of 4mm compost Technical Specification: For 40 ft. Conveyor system

Sr. No. Particulars Details

1 Motor 2 HP Geared Motor, Foot Mounted, O/p RPM: 51 RPM

2 Conveyor Belt 600X3plyX3mm Top X1.5 mm Bottom X5mm Nominal X CMR Grade.

3 Idlers 8 No’s

4 Return Rolls 4 No’s

5 Side Guides 4 No’s or as needed.

6 Height of Conveyor Stand 24 Inches.

Bailing Machine Technical Specification: Bailing Machine Double box

Capacity 25 Ton (Double Box)

Bale Size 30 (L) x 27 (W)x 14 (H) Inch

Bale Weight 50 to 80 kg

Platform Size 30 (L) x 27 (W)x 25 (H) Inch

No. of Cylinder 1 Nos.

Cylinder Size 140*90*1000 (Stroke) mm

Oil Tank Capacity 80 Litres. (oil is to be Brought by Buyer)

Production Rates 10 min. per Bale

Hydraulic System 32 Litres. (B series Gear pump)

Day Light Gap 47 Inch

Operation Hand lever operate

Electric Motor 7.5 HP (3 Phase)

Machine Weight (Approx.) Approx 1700 Kgs

Overall Dimension 96x36x105 Inch

Body Plate 9 + 35 mm

HDPE SMOOTH GEOMEMBRANE LINER OF 1500 MICRONS

PROPERTY TEST METHOD VALUES

Minimum average values

Thickness - mm ASTM D 5199 1.5

Density - g/cm3 ASTM D 1505 0.94

Tensile Properties ( Each direction ) ASTM D 6693

Strength at yield - N/mm width Type IV Specimen 25

Strength at break- N/mm width @ 50 mm /min 52

Elongation at yield - % G.L. 33 mm 15

Elongation at break - % G.L. 50 mm 800

Tear Resistance - N ASTM D 1004 222

Puncture Resistance – N ASTM D 4833 400

Carbon Black Content - % ASTM D 1603 2.3

Carbon Black Dispersion ASTM D 3015 A1 / A2




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Vehicle Specifications –

1. TATA Ace BS4 Tipper – 2.0 Cum ACE Box Tipper BS4 Tipper with compartments.

2. Tractor Trailer – 40 HP tractor with 3 Ton Trailer

3. Backhoe Loader – ACE AX130, 2WD, 76 HP Engine, Standard Tyre, Excv Bucket : 0.24 Cu.m,

loader Bucket : 1.00 Cu.m

4. Jetting & Suction Machine - Chassis Mounted 3000L sucking cum jetting machine.




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Annexure 7. Normative Standards for

Municipal Solid Waste Management

Government of Karnataka

Directorate of Municipal Administration

Normative standards for Municipal Solid Waste Management

Name of the SWM Tools, Equipment and

Vehicles Unit requirements per annum Unit Manpower required

Door to door collection

One command area = 1000 households / shops

Push carts with 6 bins 1 no. for 200 households / Shops 1 per pushcart

Tricycle with 8 bins 1 no. for 250 households / Shops 1 per tricycle

Auto Tipper 1 no. for 1000 households / Shops 1 driver + 1 helper per auto

tipper

Street Sweeping

Brooms 4 no’s for each sweeper 1 sweeper for every 1000 m of road length Pushcarts 1 no for every 2 workers

Metal Tray/ Metal plate

2 no’s for every sweeper

Ghamela 1 no for every loaders/sweepers

Hand gloves 4 sets for every loader/sweeper

Face mask 2 no’s for every worker

Gum boots 1 set for every worker

Uniforms 2 sets for each worker

Tractor trailers 1 no. for every 25 Kms of street sweeping with 7 years of life

1 driver + 3 loaders (2 to 3 trips/day, 2.0-2.5 tons per trip, 200 Kgs to 300 Kgs of waste / Km )

Tipper Trucks 1 no. for every 40 Kms of street sweeping with 7 years of life

1 Driver+ 4 loaders (2 to 3 trips/day, 4.0-4.5 tons per trip, 200 Kgs to 300 Kgs of waste / Km)

Secondary Collection & Transportation

3.0 cum Containers (1.2 Tons Cap.)

1 Container for every 1000 households or approx. for 1.0 ton of waste whichever is higher

4.5 cum Containers (1.8 Tons Cap.)

1 Container for every 1500 households or approx. 1.6 tons of waste whichever is higher

Twin Container Dumper Placer

1 no. for every 10 to 14 no’s of 3.0 / 4.5 Cum Containers – 5 to 7 trips a day

1 Driver + 1 Helper




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Cleaning of Markets/Slaughter Houses

Tools & Equipment as same as street sweeping

Requirements are as same as street sweeping

1 worker / 400 m2 area, for two time cleaning everyday

Tractor trailers 1 no. for every 6 to 8 tons of waste, 3 to 4 trips a day

1 driver + 3 loaders Unloading distance is less than 10 Kms,

Tipper Truck 1 no. for every 10 to 14 tons of waste, 3 to 4 trips a day

1 driver + 4 loaders Unloading distance is more than 10 Kms,

Cleaning of Office premises, Parks, Public grounds etc

Tools & Equipment as same as street sweeping

Requirements as same as street sweeping

2 workers for every 7500 m2

Tractor trailers 1 no. for every 6 to 8 tons of waste, 3 to 4 trips a day

1 driver + 3 loaders Unloading distance is less than 10 Kms,

Tipper Truck (Big) 1 no. for every 8 to 12 tons of waste, 3 to 4 trips a day

1 driver + 4 loaders Unloading distance is more than 10 Kms,

Cleaning of Public Toilets

Brooms/Brushes 4 no’s for each worker / year 1 worker for every 2 toilet blocks consisting 10 WCs, with three time cleaning

Gloves 4 sets for every worker / year

Boots 1 set for every worker / year

Uniforms 2 sets for every worker / year

Commissioner

Directorate of Municipal Administration

Bangalore




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Annexure 8. Office Memorandum for GOI

share




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Annexure 9. Minimum Wages Act GOK

2017




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Annexure 10. Quotations

municipal solid waste management detailed project report · 2018-02-22 · adp annual development...

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