multilateral system and standard material transfer...
TRANSCRIPT
Multilateral System and Standard Material Transfer Agreement of
the ITPGRFA: Implications and Scope for Regional Cooperation
Case of Pakistan(August 27, 2015)
Abdul GHAFOOR,[email protected] Genetic Resources Institute (PGRI)
National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, PAKISTAN
Area: 803,940 sq km (>180 million): Coordinates: 33.67° N, 73.17° E
Climate: Hot (dry desert), temperate (northwest), arctic (north)
GDP growth rate: 4.14% (2014) Agriculture in GDP: 21.6%
Population growth rate: 1.49% (2014)
Animal Sciences
Crop Sciences
Natural Resources
Social Sciences
Scientific Information
Agricultural Engineering
National
Agricultural
Research
Center
(NARC)
http://www.parc.gov.pk/narc.html
Plant Genetic Resources
Institute
Exploration
Seed preservation & gene bank
Evaluation
In-vitro preservation
Seed health
Documentation
National Genebank of Pakistan
GENEBANKIn-Vitro Conservation Clonal Repository
Plant Genetics Resources for Food & Agriculture (PGRFA)
PGRFA DiversityPGR
distribution & utilization
Food Security
Agricultural crops and their wild relatives (64 crop species)
No nation is self-sufficient in PGR for meeting requirements
Diversity has linearity with crop improvement
Better crops for food security – a Global Agenda
Cereals 10479Wheat (Triticum aestivum) 3,514
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) 1,277
Oats (Avena sativa/fatua) 559
Rice (Oryza sativa) 2,854
Maize (Zea mays) 587
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 947
Millets (Pennisetum glaucum) 741
Psudo/other -cereal 44
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) 41
Food Legumes 5,412Chickpea (Cicer arietnum) 2,112
Lentil (Lens culinaris) 819
Mungbean (Vigna radiata) 718
Mashbean (Vigna mungo) 940
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) 260
Lobia (Phaseolus vulgaris) 139
Vicia species (Avina sativa) 189
Moth (Vigna acontifolia) 67
Matri (Lathyrus species) 168
Oilseeds 5,998Oilseeds (Brassica species) 3,368
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) 772
Soybean (Glycine max) 300
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) 184
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) 849
Sesame (Sesamum indicum) 424
Other Oilseeds 101
Others/Misc. 11,210Fodder and Forages 620
Fibre Crops 4,395
Vegetables 4,388
Medicinal Plants 1,807
Total: 3,3143
Germplasm
Status in the
National
Genebank ,
Plant Genetic
Resources
Institute,
Pakistan
(August, 2015)
PART -IV - THE MULTILATERAL SYSTEM OF ACCESS
AND BENEFIT-SHARING
Article 10 Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-
sharing
Article 11 Coverage of the Multilateral System
Article 12 Facilitated access to plant genetic resources
for food and agriculture within the Multilateral System
Article 13 Benefit-sharing in the Multilateral System
MLS and STMA of the ITPGRFA
Multilateral System (MLS)
Sovereign rights of States over their own PGRFA,
the authority to determine access to those
resources rests with national governments and is
subject to national legislation.
Facilitate access to PGRFA, and to share, in a fair
and equitable way.
Commodity research programs & NARS (provincial and federal research institutes)
Academia (public and private)
Abroad (CGIAR system, research institutes and universities)
PGRI Collaboration, MLS &
SMTA
Country-wise (2011-2015)
Pakistan 46,600
Norway 1,806
Tunisia 974
Canada 778
Philippines 500
Syria 197
Japan 107
China 51
UK 14
Napal 2
Thailand 2
51,031
2010 5,631
2011 8,337
2012 12,831
2013 9,015
2014 12,736
2015 (August) 2,481
51,031
Germplsm Distribution
4705
1000
957
479
353
351297
263 238
219
190
141
6652
39 31
30
2723
21USA
CIAT
Misce (local)
Australia
Misc. (Exotic)
Germany
Sweden
CIMMYT
ICARDA
France
Canada
Netherlands
China
Germplsm Acquisition (5 y)
Svalbard 3,091
ICARDA 974
IRRI 500
Total 4,565
Safe duplication
Use of PGR for R & D in Pakistan
Research purpose
Applied and basic research 181
Basic (biotechnology, genetics) 915
Genetics and applied research 65
PGR used for crop breeding
Crop Varieties characters
Rice Basmati 385, Kashmir basmati Yield, early
Maize Pk-0000335, Pk-0003358,
Pk-0003058
Plant type,
early
Wheat Pk-0018170, Pk-0018188 Drought
Mungbean NCM 209 Yield
Black gram Mash 1, Mash 2, Mash 3
Pk-45921
Yield potential
Dual season
Chickpea Punjab 2000, Bittal, Dasht,
NIFA 88
Yield and
blight tolerant
Development of disease tolerant
cultivars using indigenous PGR
Crop Characters of interest Varieties
Mungbean ULCV 98-CMH-016, BRM- 195
Blackgram Charcoal rot 45718, 45719, 45721,
45731
ULCV VH 9440039-3, ES- 1
Lentil Rust tolerant 40688, 40757, 40787
Cowpea BICMV 27168, 27192
Pea Powdery mildew Pk–10603, Pk– 10628
‘‘Facilitated access’’ to plant genetic resources: does it work?Asmund et al., Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, DOI 10.1007/s10722-013-0029-6
Multilateral System and Standard
Material Transfer Agreement of the
ITPGRFA
Implications and Scope for Regional Cooperation
Implications
Germplasm is never enough!
No nation is self sufficient in PGR diversity to ensure
food security, inter-dependency required.
Regional cooperation is the strength to cope hunger
in Climate Resilient South Asia including natural
disasters & growing population.
Regional cooperation in PGR
exchange, evaluation, and utilization.
Climate change demands more diverse PGR, only
possible through MLS among various nations.
Scope for Regional Cooperation
Pakistan maintains >30,000 accessions of 200 crop
species.
All the crops annexed in ITPGRFA and conserved in the
National Genebank or available in country are free to
exchange on bilateral and multilateral system.
Germplasm distribution form (www.parc.gov.pk)
STMA form duly signed by both the parties
The SAARC countries may initiate regional network for PGR
collection, exchange, evaluation and utilization.
Bio-piracy! Should be protected prior to contribute.
Agricultural rehabilitation in case of natural disaster through
regional cooperation.
Utilization of PGRFA under the MLS shall be monitored and
shared fairly and equitably as per ITPGRFA article 13.
Public awareness be enhanced on International
commitments including ITPGRFA, CBD and GPA.
SAARC seed bank? Yet to revisit for regional
utilization. Seed or germplasm!
Financial support!
Role of SAARC Secretariat.
FOOD CROPS
1- Breadfruit, 2- Asparagus, 3- Oat, 4- Beet, 5- Brassica complex, 6- Pigeon Pea, 7- Chickpea, 8- Citrus, 9- Coconut, 10- Major aroids, 11- Carrot, 12-
Yams, 13- Finger Millet, 14- Strawberry, 15-Sunflower, 16- Barley, 17- Sweet
Potato, 18- Grass pea, 19- Lentil, 20- Apple, 21- Cassava, 22- Banana, 23-
Rice, 24- Pearl Millet, 25- Beans, 26- Pea, 27- Rye, 28- Potato, 29-
Eggplant, 30- Sorghum, 31- Triticale, 32- Wheat, 33- Faba Bean, 34-
Cowpea, 35- Maize
LEGUME FORAGES
36- Astragalus, 37- Canavalia, 38- Coronilla, 39- Hedysarum, 40- Lathyrus,
41- Lespedeza, 42- Lotus, 43- Lupinus, 44- Medicago, 45- Melilotus, 46-
Onobrychis, 47- Ornithopus, 48- Prosopis, 49- Pueraria, 50- Trifoliump
GRASS FORAGES
51- Andropogon, 52- Agropyron, 53- Agrostis, 54- Alopecurus, 55-
Arrhenatherum, 56- Dactylis, 57- Festuca, 58- Lolium, 59- Phalaris, 60-
Phleum, 61- Poa, 62- Tripsacum,
OTHER FORAGES
63- Atriplex, 64- Salsola
Distribution of PGRFA within country and
abroad as when and where requested.
Awareness among the stake holders through
seminars, training workshop and post-
graduate students’ training.
National Information Sharing Mechanism
(NISM) on PGRFA. (http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1500e/pakistan.pdf.)
Capacity building in relation to all aspects of
the ITPGRFA in Pakistan.
National commitments
Acknowledgements
South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics and
Environment (SAWTEE)
FNI, Norway
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC)
Governments of Nepal and Pakistan
Farmers, CGIAR system and international genebanks
for collection and acquisition of genetic resources