MULTICORE PROCESSOR

TECHNOLOGY

Introduction history Why multi-core ? What do you mean by multicore?

Multi core architecture Comparison of Different

Architectures Single Core vs. Multicore What is a 64 bit chip? Performance analysis

CONTENTS• Part 1

• Part 2

Advantages & Disadvantages Application Future aspect

Conclusion References of work

• Part 3

• Part 4

• Multi-core processors represent a major evolution in computing technology.

• They are several mostly independent cores which work together in parallel

•This important development is coming at a time when businesses and consumers are require itbenefits offered by these processors due to the exponential growth of digital data and theglobalization of the Internet.

•performance and productivity benefits beyond the capabilities of today’s single-core processors.

Introduction• Part 1

•The first commercial dual core processor was IBM's Power 4 processor for it's RISC servers in 2001.

•The first dual core processor for home use was Intel's Pentium Processor Extreme Edition 840, released in early April 2005.

•Less than two weeks later AMD brought their Opteron 800 Series and Athlon 64 X2 processors to market.

History

Why multi-core pocessor-? Once upon a time, when human realized

that in a normal atmosphere ,it is not possible to increase the CPU’s clock speed after above standard level (generally at a frequency about 4Ghz the CPU would get too hot and take a lot of electricity). Because of too much heat generated by CPU both Intel & AMD faced problem. High clock speed means high heat & resulted boom the CPU.

Faster processing is the basic reason ,so that’s why technology shifted towards the Multicore processor rather than increase the clock frequency. It was decided to put more than one processor on a single die. That is what we call two core or dual core .

•A multi-core microprocessor is one which combines two or more independent processors into a single package, often a single integrated circuit. A Multi-core computing• A dual-core device contains only two independent microprocessors.

What do you mean by Multi core?

If multi means two or more, what types are there?A dual-core processor contains two cores.

A quad-core processor contains four cores.

A processor with all cores on a single die is called a monolithic processor.

Multi core architecture

• Part 2

11

Comparison of Different Architectures

CPU State

CacheExecutionunit

Single Core Architecture

CPU State

CacheExecutionunit

CPU State

CacheExecutionunit

Comparison of Different Architectures

Multiprocessor

13

Comparison of Different Architectures

CPU State

CacheExecutionunit

Hyper-Threading Technology

CPU State

14

Comparison of Different Architectures

CPUa State

CacheExecutionunit

Multi-Core Architecture

CPU State

CacheExecutionunit

15

Comparison of Different Architectures

CPU State

Executionunit

Multi-Core Architecture with Shared Cache

CPU State

Cache

Executionunit

16

Comparison of Different Architectures

Multi-Core with Hyper-Threading Technology

CPU State

CacheExecutionunit

CPU State CPU State

CacheExecutionunit

CPU State

Threading & Non-threading technology

Single Core vs. Multicore

What is a 64 bit chip? • A 64-bit processor means that it can

handle 64 bits of data at one time. • A 64-bit processor can handle more intensive programs than a 32-bit.• The 64-bit processor also supports more memory than a 32-bit processor. 32-bit CPUs can generally handle up to 4GB of memory, with the ability to process 2GB of memory at a time while a 64-bit system can utilize more significantly

Performance Analysis

•Multi-tasking productivity

• it will work faster for certain programs

•PC security

•Cool and quiet

•The signals between different CPUs travel shorter distances, therefore they degrade less

•More features can be added to the computer

Advantages• Part 3

•They do not work at twice the speed as a normal processor. They get only 60-80% more speed.

•The speed that the computer works at depends on what the user is doing with it.

•They cost more than single core processors.

•They are more difficult to manage thermally than lower-density single-core processors.

Disadvantages

Applications

• Video editing • Encoding .• 3D gaming. • Powerful graphics solution • Optimized productivity titles, such as AVG's virus-scanning software.

The full effect and the advantage of having a multi-core processor, when it is used together with a multithreading operating .

Multicore Challenges Having multiple cores on a single chip gives some challenges .

• Power and temperature management

• Memory/cache coherence is another challenge

• And finally, using a multicore processor to its full potential is another issue

Next-generation software applications willrequire the performance capacity provided bymulti-core processors. Software destined tobreak barriers in the user experience, like as • Voice recognition • Artificial intelligence (AI)

That will be only possible by multi-core processors

Future aspect

In the next years the trend will go to multi-core processors more and more. The main reason is that they are faster than single-core processors and they can be still improved., but added interesting new problems. But in the future there will be still some applications for single-core processors because not every system needs a fast processor.

Conclusion• Part 4

References

• R. Merritt, “CPU Designers Debate Multi-core Future”, EETimes Online, February 2008, http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=206105179

• R. Merritt, “Multicore Puts Screws to Parallel-Programming Models”, EETimes Online, February 2008, http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jtml?articleID=206504466

• R. Merritt, “X86 Cuts to the Cores”, EETimes Online, September 2007, http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jtml?articleID=202100022

• R. Merritt, “Multicore Goals Mesh at Hot Chips”, EETimes Online, August 2007, http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jtml?articleID=201800925

• P. Frost Gorder, “Multicore Processors for Science and Engineering”, IEEE CS, March/April 2007

• D. Geer, “Chip Makers Turn to Multicore Processors”, Computer, IEEE Computer Society, May 2005 [5] L. Peng et al, “Memory Performance and

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