mueller_steinhagen solar plant

Solar Thermal Power Plants:sustainable and reliable bulk electricity generation in the multi-MW scale

Prof. Hans Mller-SteinhagenDr.-Ing. habil , D.Eng., Dipl.-Ing., FREng, FIChemE, CEng

Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Centre (DLR) Stuttgart Cologne - Almria/Spain

Germanys Aerospace Research Centerand Space Agency.

Solar Thermal Power Plants Hans Mller-Steinhagen

Total 2009 budget 1.4 billion

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Space Agency Research and Operations

German ESA contributions from the BMBF Institutional fundingNational Space Program Third-party funding

All figures in Euro millions


Sites and employees

5.900 employees working in 28 research institutes and facilities! at 8 sites" in 7 field offices.

Offices in Brussels, Paris and Washington. ! Kln-Porz

! Lampoldshausen

! Stuttgart

! Oberpfaffenhofen

Braunschweig !

! Gttingen

Berlin-- !Adlershof

! Bonn

Trauen "

" Hamburg" Neustrelitz

Weilheim"

Berlin-Charlottenburg "

" Sankt Augustin

" Darmstadt

# Almera (Spain)


Scientific competence

5,900 employees 2,700 scientists

500 doctoral students and junior scientists100 visiting scientists

Space Aeronautics Transportation Energy


Solar Research Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Pitz-Paal

Systems Analysis and Technol. Assessment

Dr.-Ing. W. Krewitt

ElectrochemicalEnergy Conversion

Prof. Dr.rer.nat. A. Friedrich

Thermal ProcessTechnology

Dr.rer.nat. R.Tamme

Institute of Technical ThermodynamicsProf. Dr. Dr.-Ing. habil H.Mller-Steinhagen

Administration and Planning

Dipl.-Wirt.Ing. J. Piskurek

Logistics & Purchasing

Project Administration

Computing Support

Workshops




Dr.-Ing. W. Krewitt

Electrochemical Energy Conversion



Dr.rer.nat. R.Tamme

Institute of Technical ThermodynamicsProf. Dr. Dr.-Ing. habil H.Mller-Steinhagen


Electrochemical Energy Conversion



Dr.rer.nat. R.Tamme


Dr.-Ing. W. Krewitt



(ITT-KP,ST,AS)


Dr.-Ing. W. Krewitt; (ITT-ST)


Prof. Dr. A. Friedrich (ITT-ST)


Dr.rer.nat. R.Tamme(ITT-ST)

Institute of

Technical Thermodynamics Thermodyn. & Thermal Engn.Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. habil H. Mller-Steinhagen

TC for Solar Systems Dr.-Ing. H. Drck

(ITW-ST)

Rational Use of Energy Dr.-Ing. W. Heidemann

(ITW-ST)

Heat and Mass Transfer Priv. Doz. Dr.-Ing. K. Spindler

(ITW- ST)

Undergraduate and Postgraduate Education


(ITW-ST)


Institute of



(ITW-ST)


(ITW-ST)

Heat and Mass TransferPriv. Doz. Dr.-Ing. K. Spindler

(ITW- ST)



(ITW-ST)


(ITW- ST)




(ITT-KP,ST,AS)




Prof. Dr. A. Friedrich (ITT-ST)



Institute of



(ITW-ST)


(ITW-ST)


(ITW- ST)



(ITT-KP,ST,AS)





Solar Thermal Power Plants:sustainable and reliable bulk electricity generation in the multi-MW scale

Prof. Hans Mller-SteinhagenDr.-Ing. habil , D.Eng., Dipl.-Ing., FREng, FIChemE, CEng

Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Centre (DLR) Stuttgart Cologne - Almria/Spain


1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20000

100

200

300

400

Prim

ary

ener

gy, E

J / y

ear

non commercialbiomassrenewableenergiesnuclearenergy

natural gas

mineral oil

coal

Global Primary Energy Consumption


DLR has analysed renewable energy resources of 64 countries in Europe and MENA

in brackets: (max. yield in GWhel / km /y)


Economic renewable electricity potentialsvs. demand in Europe and MENA

$ renewable resources greatly exceed the present and future electricity demands

$ solar radiation is by far the most abundant source of energy


Solar Pond

!"#$%&'()*

+"(%,*-.)

+"(%!"./).(*'()$%,*-.)%%

!"#$%&'()*0%1"2%3'#(%!".().(

1'4)*%&-(5%6.()*7)$-'()%3'#(%!".().(

Photovoltaic System89%8'.)#

1"'$

&'((%7)()*

Solar Chimney

+"(%:-*

!5-7.)4

&-.$%;


Conventional power plants

Why Concentrating Solar Technologies ?


Solar thermal power plants



Solar thermal power plants


can be integrated into conventional thermal power plantsprovide firm capacity (thermal storage, fossil backup)serve different markets (bulk power, remote power, heat, water) have the lowest costs for solar electricityhave an energy payback time of only 6-12 months use the largest renewable resource in the world


CSP



Distributed Systems:Parabolic Dish Unit with Stirling Engine

Parabolic reflector shellSystem size 10-25 kWVery high concentration ratioPower package with Stirling EngineHigh conversion efficiencyRemote operationBackup heating of power package with fuelSeries production in preparationCan be cheaper than PVLow economic risk compared to bulk power production

25 kW SES/Boing

22 kW SunDish

10 kW EURODISH2 units, Spain

4 units, USA

3 units, USA

10 kW ADDS2 units, USA


Steam Cycle

G

ExpansionVessel HTF

Cycle Efficiencyfossil & solar 35-42%

6 12 18 24

Solar Share100%

Time

Sola

r-o

nly 6 18 24Time

Sto

rag

e

Solar Share100%

Fuel

Sav

er

Solar Share30% - 50%

6 12 18 24Time

6 18 24

3()'7 8"2)*%8#'.(

Centralized Bulk Electricity Production


Principle of parabolic trough collector

Line-focussing collector with single-axis tracking

morning afternoon


Stiff structure

% Less breakage

% Length: 150 m

% Less connections

% Less optical losses

!"##)/("* D)?-C.

Eurotrough Collector


4mm glass

reflectivesilver coatingcopper layer

base layer

final layer

ceramicmounting support

2-componentproctective layer

Mirror surface

z = x2 / 4f

parabolic shape

f = 1.71 (Eurotrough)

mirror design

f

x

z

at present: reflectivity better 94%, life expectancy > 20 years


Absorber tube

SEGS plants at 400C: absorptivity 96%, emissivity 19%new Schott tubes at 400C: absorptivity 96%, emissivity better 14%Schott is presently using a twin magnetron sputter process for the selctive coating.

metallic absorber tube

outsideglass tube

gas molecule getterto maintain vacuum

vacuum betweenabsorber and glass tube

connection to vacuum pump

expansionbellow

metal / glassconnection


Layout of Parabolic Trough Plant

Power Blocksteam cycle

turbine, condenser30-80 MW

Heat Transfer & Buffer

0.5 - 6 hours capacity

Solar Fieldparabolic trough

collectors300-500000 m2

Backup Firing

Solar Radiation

www.solarpaces.org


2,5 Mio. m Parabolic Trough Collectors in California

The SEGS experiencein California:

100 years of equivalent commercialoperation (9 plants, with a total of 354 MW) High availabilities 11 bill. kWh have been fed into the Californian gridGenerating 1.4 billion $ US in revenues High solar efficiencies and lowestsolar electricity cost of 12-15 cent/kWh


50 MW parabolic trough plant near Granada, start-up spring 2009Total cost 350 mio. Euro; project management Solar Millennium and ACSAverage annual efficiency 16%; electricity cost about 20 cent /kWh7-8 hours storage capacityTwo additional, identical power plants are under construction

Model des Kraftwerks

The Andasol plants in Spain


624 ET150 collectors: 7500 modules 510 000 m2 of aperture area840 000 mirror support points, 7800 bearings, 23 000 absorber tube supports

will have to be aligned to track the sun in 0.1 precision

50 MW Andasol plant in Spain


Qualification

Measurement Ray-TracingFlux distribution next to absorber tube

mueller_steinhagen solar plant

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