First Semester

Nano-Physics-1 1) Scales in nanophysics 2) Quantum structure:3D-pontential wells(spherical & rectangular parallelopiped),2D(circular &

square,quantum corrals),1D(quantum wires),0D(quantum dots). 3) Barrier penetration:Step pontential;Rectangular Barrier penetration;Tunneling;WKB. 4) Applications of Barrier penetration:TEM,AFM,STM. 5) The Harmonic Oscillator:Schrodinger approach;Dirac’s bra-ket notation & operator algebra;

lattice vibrations;phonons 6) Hydrogenic atoms:spherically symmetric pontential;spherical harmonics;radial wave function;

orbitals. 7) Molecular Physics: H+2 ion;bonds(ionic,covalent,hydrogen);molecular spectrum;rotational &

vibration levels;Raman spectrum;sigma & pi bonds;carbon nanotubes;graphene;fullerenes 8) Energy Bands:Fermi-Dirac statistics;Kronig-Penny model;holes;effective mass;Density of

States:3D,2D,1D;conduction & valence bands;semiconductor physics;intrinsic & extrinsic;donor & acceptor levels;charge neutrality;drift & diffusion;transport phenomenon;MOSFET,CMOS

References: 1) Quantum Mechanics by Amit Goswami Waveland Press, Inc. 2) Semiconductor Physics by Streetman & Banerjee; Eastern Economy Edition. 3) Quantum Heterostructures by Vladimir V. Mitin, V. A. Kochelap, M. A. Stroscio; Cambridge

University Press. 4) Handbook of Nanotechnology by Bharat Bhusan; Springer Publication. 5) Nanotechnology by Ratner; Pearson Education. 6) Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures edited by K. Barnham & D. Vvedensky, Cambridge

University Press. 7) Semiconductor Quantum Dots by L. Banyai & S. W. Koch; World Scintific, London.

Elements of Chemistry Unit-1) Structure,bonding & synthesis of some inorganic materials,zeolites,tetravalent metal acid salts,introduction to transition metal complexes,metal carbonyls,organo metal complexes. Unit-2) Atomic structure,chemical bonding,aromatic chemistry,polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,methods of preparation,physical & chemical properties, molecular orbitals ,LCAO method & pericyclic reactions. Unit-3) Introduction to Liquid crystals,classification and synthesis of liquid crystals,heterocyclic compounds,classification,numbering,nomenclature,5 & 6 membered heterocyclic compounds with one or more hetero atoms. Unit-4) Zero,1st ,2nd ,order reaction,theories of reaction rates,statistical thermodynamics,partition functions,Colloidal state,micelles,solid state,bonding in solid state,catalysis by supported metal ion,influence of nano dimensions on catalyst funciton

Scientific Computing and Simulation 1 A) MATLAB/Octave • Basic features of MATLAB: Variables, comments,punctuations Matlab workspace,simple

math,complex numbers,mathematical function,operation on vectors and matrices,Logical arrays.

• Script M-files and function M files, Inline function in Matlab;control structure:For loops,While loops, If-else end,Switch-case statements

• Numerical Linear Algebra:system of linear equations,matrix function,sparse and special matrices Polynomials:Roots,Operations on polynomials.

• 2D and 3D graphics.ODE and PDE solvers,Optimization tools in MATLAB B) Numerical Algorithms • Computer Arithmetic: floating point numbers and round off errors, Absolute and relative errors.

Polynomial interpolation: Newton’s and Lagrange’s interpolation formulas, Extrapolation, Numerical differentiation

• Numerical integration by Trapezoidal rule,Sipson’s rule ,error analysis.Solution of system of linear equations by Direct method(Gauss-elimination)and iterative methods(Jacob’s method, Gauss-Seidel method)

• Solution of transcendental equation by bisection method and Newton’s method. System of non linear equations:Newton-Raphson’s method.

• Curve-fitting by Least square techniques.Numerical Solution of ODE;single step method-Runge Kutta methods,Numerical solution to PDE,stability and convergence.

Elements Of Materials Science * Engineering requirements of materials

Criteria for selection of material for Engineering applications on the basis of mechanical properties

* Crystallography Crystal structure, space lattice, unit cell, crystal systems, atomic packing factor, Co-ordination numbers,crystal structure for metallic elements. Crystal directions &Planes, miller indices, stacking sequence in HCP & FCC.

* Metallic materials Phase,diagram, Gibbs phase rule, Binary isomorphous phase diagram, purely eutectic binary phase diagram,partially eutectic binary phase diagram,solid solution –Hume Rothery Rules

* Imperfections Point defects, line defects & area defects-grain boundary,tilt boundary & twin boundary ,Grain, Grain size number

* Cold working & annealing Effect of grain size ,alloying elements and heat treatment on properties of materials.Failure of metals-Ductile and Brittle failure,Ductile -to-brittle transition, creep failure and fatigue failure

* Ceramic and Polymeric materials Structure,properties and application of above materials.Glasses and Refractories. Types of polymerization like addition ,condensation and co-polymerization, Ageing Vulcanization cross-linking and branching.

* Classification of Insulators,Semi conuctor and conductor on the basis of Band theory,ferromagnetism,Hard and soft magnetic material. * Definition and introduction to nanomaterials and nanotechnology.Classification of Nanomaterials. Types of Nanomaterials with suitable examples,Typical methods of synthesis of nanomaterials, An overview of improvements in materials properties at nanolevel,application of nanomaterials as structural,magnetic,electronic and energy-related applications. * Composite material (PMC ,CMC, MMC) and new developments. Metallic glasses,super conducting material and optic fibre. * Corrosion Types of corrosion- Dry and Wet corrosion. Electro chemical and oxidation (Chemical) corrosion. E.M.F. series and Galvanic series ,stress, concentration and compositional cells, corrosion prevention-Galvanic potential and coatings

Second Semester

Synthesis of Nanomaterials 1) Introduction to various nanometric forms namely atoms,molecules,nanoclusters,

nanopowders,thin films and coatings,multilavers,carbon nanotubes,nanowires and nano fibers,nanocrystals,nanocapsules,fullerenes,quantum dots,quantum wires ,and nanoporous materials etc.

2) Classifications and types of nanomaterials as nanoparticals and 1D 2D 3D nanomaterials. Concept of bulk versus nanomaterials and dependence of properties on size.

3) Classifications of techniques of nanosynthesis based on the nature of the starting phase as vapour,liquid or solid.Introduction to ‘Top down’ vs ‘Bottom up’ approach of synthesis with suitable examples.

4) Nanosynthesis techniques based on vapour phase as the starting material.The study of techniques such as inert gas condensation,physical vapour deposition,sputtering,plasma deposition process ,chemical vapour deposition,etc. with examples.

5) Nanosynthesis techniques based on liquid as the starting material.The study of wel chemical method like sol-gel method ,microemulsion technique, reduction of metal salts,decomposition of organometallic precursors,cryochemical synthesis etc.Study of rapid solidification route,electro and electroless deposition etc. along with suitable examples.

6) Synthesis of 3D nanostructured materials using high-energy mechanical attrition by devitrification of an amorphous precursors,etc.Introduction to nanolithography and self-assembly routes.

7) Introduction to specific synthesis processes like synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles in colloidal solution,preparation of quantum dots,nanowires and films,preparation of simgle-walled and multi-walled nanotubes.

8) Brule force methods vs soft Chemistry routes,sol-gel method of synthesis,Modification,use of templates,microwave and ultrasound assisted synthesis,citrate gel method,CFC(controlled flow cavitation),SCF’s(super critical fluids)

9) Introduction to specific synthesis process,nanoparticals in colloidal solutions,Surfactants,physical chemistry or surfactant behaviour,micelles,self assembly,self assembled monolayers.(SAM’s),Langmuir-Blodget(LB)films,organic block copolymers,emulsion polymerization microemulsion.

References: 1) Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties & Applications, ed by A.S. Edelstein & R.C. Cammarata,

Published by Institute of Physics, UK, 1996. 2) Nanostructured Materials: Processing, Properties & Applications ed by C.C. Koch, Willium

Andrew, Publishing New York, 2002. 3) Nanotechnology by George Limp, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999. 4) Nanoparticles & Nanostructured Films: Preparation, Characterization & Application ed by J.H.

Fendler, John Willey & Sons, 1998. 5) Handbook of Nanostructured Materials & Nanotechnology ed by H.S. Nalwa, Vol. 1-5 ,

Academic Press, 2002. 6) Carbon Nanotubes: Science & Applications ed by M. Meyyappan, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida,

2004. 7) Processing & Properties of Structural Nanomaterials, Leon L. Shaw, C. Suryanarayana & Rajiv S.

Mishra, TMS.

Nano Physics 2 1) Boltzmann Transport eqn 2) Scattering:Rutherford scattering;Raman scattering;Qauntum electron transport;Landauer

formula;Transport in nanostructures;Rutherford backscattering(RBS);medium energy ion scattering(MEIS);low energy electrondiffraction(LEED) and reflection high energy electron diffraction(RHEED)

3) Quantum Transitions:Time-dependent perturbation theory ;Fermi Golden rule;Einstein’s A and B coefficients;Transition in quantum structures.

4) Quantum structures as optical devices-LASER,LED’s,Solar cells. 5) Principals of Nano-Semiconductor Devices:2D electron gas system in MOS Inversion

layer;HEMT;SET;Superlattices;Coulomb Blockade. 6) Dielectric and polarization;Magnetism and Superconductivity 7) Hall effect:classical;quantum and

fractional;Magnetism(paramagnetism,ferromagnetism,ferrofluids,nanomagnetism,giant and colossal magnetoresistance);and Superconductivity(flux quantization,Josephson junction,SQUIDS).

8) Characterization:UHV methods;UV and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS,XPS)Auger electron spectroscopy(AES);Nanoscale I-V/C-V;Kelvin probe measurements;deep level transient spectroscopy(DLTS);Cathodluminescence(CL)and Photo luminescence(PL);Electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS) and high resolution EELS(HREELS);low temperature and low noise characterization.

References: 1) Wave Mechanics applied to Heterostructures by G. Bastard; Halsted Press New York, 1998. 2) Handbook of Nanotechnology by Bharat Bhusan; Springer Publication. 3) Nanotechnology by Ratner; Pearson Education. 4) Quantum Wells by A. Shik; World Scientific. 5) Quantum Heterostructures by Vladimir V. Mitin, V. A. Kochelap, M. A. Stroscio; Cambridge

University Press. 6) Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures edited by K. Barnham & D. Vvedensky, Cambridge

University Press. 7) Semiconductor Quantum Dots by L. Banyai & S. W. Koch; World Scintific, London. 8) Quantum Theory of the Optical & Electronic Properties of Semiconductors by H. Haug & S.W.

Koch; World Scientific.

Nano Biotechnology 1) Introduction, definition and classification:Molecular and cellular biology basis of in Drug

Discovery and Development 2) Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Discovery • Fundamentals of Nano-enabled drug Discovery tools:Atomic force microscopy(AFM) and the

Congruent force intermolecular test,Field-ion microcope,Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope(SNOM or NSOM),Surface Plasma Resonance;Nano-Mass spectroscopy,Dip-Pen Nanolithography(DPN)

• Microarrays and Nanoarrays • Microfluidics and Nanofluidics • Nanoparticles for Drug Discovery:Quantum Dots and Gold Nanoparticles for High-Content and

initial Drug Screening,Nanoshells for Raman Spectroscopy,Nanobarcode particles. • Nanomaterial Drugs:Abraxane,RenaZorb,Antimicrobial,Emulsion,Antioxident and Anti-HIV

Fullerenes. 3) Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery • Nanoparticles:Definitoins,Classifications • Polymeric nanoparticles:Types,synthesis,purification.characteriztion,property,bio degradation • Liquid nanoparticles:Types,preparation,purification,characterization,properties,boi-degradation • Hydrogel nanoparticles:Synthesis,properties • Peptide nano particles:Toxicity and toxicity evaluation of nanoparticles.

Scientific Computing and Simulation 2 MATHEMATICAL MODELING • Needs and techniques of mathematicalmodeling:Idea of mathematical modeling ,needs for

mathematical modeling,steps in mathematical modeling,Characteries of mathematical modeling,Interpretation,examples from mechanical chemical and electrical systems. Models in population dynamics:One species model,logistic model ,growth model in time delays, Predator-pray models ,Volterra-Lokta models

• Modeling dynamical systems:differential eq. and their numerical solution,linear and non-linear dynamics, sability,convergence,attractors.

• Physical systems:System types and characteristics behaviour.Continuos-time,discrete-time and discrete-event systems,linear and non linear systems

• Exploration of behaviour through simulation:developing simulations of dynamical sys. using Matlab;representation and visualization of simulation experiments,analyzing behavioural characteristics for a range of classes of physical and computational systems eg. Predictor-prey models,evolutionary systems and cellular systems.

Simulation * Exponential, Bionomial and Poisson varities.Decrete Event simulation modeling:Random numbers: Generating uniform random variables;Psedo-random numbers,Congruential generators and their properties alternative approaches * General methods:Inversion method,acceptance-rejection,composition methods.Particular methods for non uniform random variables,Box-Muller methods to generate normal variates * Introduction to simulation modeling,Statistical simulations:Monte-Carlo simulation * Physical simulation: N body methods and particles simulations,verlet Algorithm,Moleculardynamics and carlo methods,Simulation for small systems ,Ab initio method

Third Semester

Characterization of Nanomaterials • Importance of characterization of materials at nano level.Difference

in behaviour of materials in bulk and nano regime.Difficulties in characterizing materials of nano size.

• Techniques of characterization of size of nano powders/particals using BET method and laser diffraction.Determination of specific area and the pore volume for nanoporous solids.

• Principle. Scope and application of various spectroscopic techniques like optical spectroscopy.U-V visible and Infrared spectroscopy.Raman spectroscopy.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Basic understanding of each technique with special emphasis on characterization at nano scale.

• Characerization of nano particles in terms of their composition .Crystal structure,phase analysis and crystallite size using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) ,X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering principles.

• Understanding of microstructural developments in nanomaterials using optical microscopy.Scanning Electron Microscopy (STM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) approach.High resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM).

• Characterizing nano materials using techniques based on scanning probe microscopy principle namely Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM),Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM),Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) etc.Chemical Force Microscopy (CFM),Focused Ion Beam(FIB) ,Nanolithography.

References: 1) Avouris. P. Klitzing. K. Von. Sakai. H. & Wiesendanger. R. 2003.Nanoscience & Technology Series.

Scanning Probe Microscopy-Analytical Methods (R. Wiesendanger eds.). Springer. 2) Avouris. P. Klitzing. K. Von. Sakai. H. & Wiesendanger. R. 2003.Nanoscience & Technology Series.

Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy ( S. Morita & R. Wiesendanger eds.). Springer. 3) T. Pradeep “Nano: The Essentials” Mc Graw Hill, 1st Edition 2007. 4) C. Suryanarayana, M. Grant Norton. X-ray Diffraction: A Practical Approach, Plenum Press, New

York 1998.

Nanocomposites & Applications 1) General introduction to composites and nanocomposites,types of

Composites ,fibre composites,fibres,polymer composites,metal matrix Composites ,ceramic matrix composites.

2) Nanocomposites by mechanical alloying,Amorphous-crystal composites by copper mold casting,sol-gel synthesis, thermal spray synthesis, thin film nanocomposites,nanocomposites for optical and electrical application,nanocomposites materials with miscellaneous properties.

3) Polymer based and polymer filled nanocomposites,Polymerization processes,processing of polymer nanocomposites,carbon nanotubes,nanotube processing polyimide,polymide,polyethylene, Polyurethane and polymethylmethacrylate matrices,rubber matrices,epoxy matrix, ceramic and metal filled polymer nanocomposites.

4) Mechanical behaviour of composite (flexural,compressive,tensile, And dynamic mechanical),Bulk Matallic Glasses and their applications in golf club,Impact strength,magnetic applications,abrasion and wear resistant composites,light emmiting devices.

5) Nanocomposites: particulate,clay,nanocomposites,Nanocomposites synthesis,characterization,properties and applications.

6) Nanomaterial reinforcement in composites,Metal nanocluster glasses,benefits of nanotechnology in composite development,Multificational composites and candidates for multifunctional composites,Self healing materials.

References: 1) P. M. Ajayan, L.S. Schadler, P. V. Braun, Nanocomposite Science & Technology; Wiley- VCH

Verlag GmbH & Co.2003 2) K.K. Chavala, Composite Materials Science & Engineering, 2nd ed, New York: Springer 1998. 3) B.T. Astom, Manufacturing of Polymer Composites, London: Chapman & Hall, 1997. 4) D. Hull, Introduction to Composites, New York: Cambridge University Press,1996. 5) M.F. Ashby,& L.J.Gibson, Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties, 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge

University Press, 1997.

Nanofabrication 1) Introduction to Nanolithography,Study of lithographic techniques

Based on use of photons viz.UV,LASER and X-ray;Lithography based on use of particle beams viz. electron beam,ion beam and neutrons beam;Advanced techniques in lithography such as Scannjng probe,Dip-pen, Thermo-mechanical lithography,etc.Basic principles of soft lithography method.

2) Introduction to Nanosensors.Types of Nanosensors,Fabrication of Nanosensors based on quantum size effects,optical and other physical properties,Fabrication based on electrochemical principles ,Recent advances in nanosensors,Nano and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems.

3) Deposition techniques,Chemical Vapour Deposition,Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition,Pulse LASER deposition,Magnetron and ion beam sputter deposition,Electroplating,Electrochemical techniques,Epitaxial methods for layered structures,Molecular beam epitaxy.

4) Nano-optics ,optical properties of quantum structures,intraband transitions in quantum structures,Nonlinear optics in quantum structures and applications,LED’s and LASER’s using quantum structures,optical probe techniques.

5) Angular momentum,orbital and spin angular momenta,transition in bulk semiconductor and its dependence onangular momentum,heavy and light holes,Transport in quantum structures,double barrier resonant tunneling structures,organic semiconductors,molecular electronics.

6) Molecular Self-Assembly,pattern formation using self assembly ,folding of polypeptide chains,self assembled monolayers,misclles.

References: 1) Hari Singh Nalwa, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Academic Press,2002. 2) Avery n. Goldstein, Handbook of Nanophase Materials, marcel Dekker, Inc.,1997. 3) Quantum Heterostructures by Vladimir V. Mitin, et. Al. Cambridge University Press. 1999 4) Herve Rigneault et. al., Nanophotonics, ISTE, 2006. 5) V.V.Antsiferov, Physics of Solid State LASERS, Viva Publications, 2008.

Advanced Computing for Nano-Fluids [A] Numerical Methods for Scientific Computing * Numerical Differentiation and Integration * Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differentiatial Equations * Optimization-Golden Search Methods,Brent’s procedure,quasi- Newton Methods,Direction Set Methods. [B] Applications of Computers to Chemistry * Computational Chemistry,Fundamentals of Chemistry * Molecular Representations and Search Molecular Graphics and Fitting Force Field (FF) Methods,Classical energy minimization Techniques Conformational Analysis,Semi-empirical QM Calculations Molecular Docking Molecular Descriptors Quntitative Structure Activity,Relationship Futuristic modeling techniques. [C] Statistical Computing * Introduction to statistical computing * Random Number Generation,Monte Carlo Methods,Non linear Statistical Methods,Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. [D] Computer Applicationa in Physics * Monte Carlo Methods * Numerical Solutions o Schrondinger equations * Electronic Structure Calculation on simple solids,Classical Molecular Dynamics [E] Soft Computing * Fuzzy logic * Neutral Networks * Genetic Algorithms.