English Constitutional Monarchy

Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NYEnglishConstitutionalMonarchy1

Background

(1215-1603)2 Magna Carta, 1215King John I forced to accept it.CONTRACT between king & aristocracy.Limited the power of the king:Established basic legal rights.The king must ask for popular consent for taxes.Jury trials

3Model Parliament, 1295First Parliament=military leaders & nobilityEstablished power of the purse.

4The ElizabethanBargainParliament:TaxesMake lawsThe Monarch:Foreignpolicy.

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TheEarly Stuarts(1603-1649)6The Stuart Monarchy

7James I [r. 1603-1625]

James Is speech to the House of Commons:

I am surprised that my ancestors should ever be permitted such an institution to come into existence. I am a stranger, and found it here when I arrived, so that I am obliged to put up with what I cannot get rid of!

8James I [r. 1603-1625]

Wanted absolute power.Alienated Parliament9Gunpowder Plot, 1605

Catholics try to kill King James I and the Protestant aristocracy.Blow up the House of Lords.Guy Fawkes

10Occupy Wall Street

Executions of the Gunpowder Plotters

12James I [r. 1603-1625]

Problems he faced:Large royal debt.He wasnt EnglishAbsolutistPro-CatholicParliamentHe raised money without Parliaments consent!13King James Bible, 1611

14Charles I [r. 1625-1649]

Imposed uniformity by a church court.Seen as too pro-Catholic15Archbishop William Laud

16Charles I & Parliament

Needs money for war with Spain and France.Parliament deny funds.Dissolved Parliament Forced loans, selling aristocratic titles, etc.17Ship Money Assessments, 1636[per square mile]

A medieval tax for coastal cities for defense.Applied them to inland counties as well.18The Petition of Rights, 1628

Charles I agreed:No imprisonment without due cause.No taxation without Parliaments consent.No putting soldiers in private homes.No martial law during peacetime.Charles signed it, ignored it, dissolved Parliament!19The Short ParliamentShort ParliamentCharles dismisses them after 3 weeks.Charles I by Van Dyck (1633)

20The Long ParliamentIn session from 1640 to 1660.Laud executed.Par. must be called every 3 yrs.Par. cant be adjourned without its own consent!Charles tries to arrest 5 MPs unsuccessfulCharles heads north to form an army!

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The Civil War(1642-1649)22Civil War (1642-1649)Royalists(Cavaliers)Parliamentarians(Roundheads)House of LordsS & W EnglandAristocracyLarge landownersChurch officialsMore ruralHouse of CommonsN & E EnglandPuritansMerchantsTownspeopleMore urban

23Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658]

Led RoundheadsPuritan24The Battle of Naseby [re-enactment], 1645Charles I is defeated & handed over to Parliament.

25Regicide Beheading of Charles I, 1649The vote by the Rump Parliament was 68-67.

26The Puritan Commonwealth [1649-1653]Cromwell rules with Rump Parliament.Constitutional RepublicEurope is appalled other nations dont recognize it.

27The Protectorate [1653-1660]Tears up Constitution.Declares martial law.Military dictator.Closes pubs, theatres, gambling clubs, brothels, etc.Religious toleranceexcept Catholics.Kills 40% of all ethnic Irish!

28CromwellLord Protector or King??

Cromwell dies in 1658 and his son, Richard, takes overweak--lasts two years.29

The Restoration(1660-1688)Parliament could no more exist without the Crown than the Crown without Parliament. This was the most important lesson of the English Civil War!30King Charles II [r. 1660-1685]

Restored the theaters, pubs, & brothelsFavored religious toleration.Secret Catholic sympathies.Realized that he could not repeat the mistakes his father had made.31King James II [r. 1685-1688]

CatholicAppointed CatholicsAttacked Anglican control of educationCamped a army around LondonOverruled ParliamentNew Catholic wife has a baby boyGASP! Protestant Mary is out as heir.32

The GloriousRevolution168833The Glorious Revolution: 1688Throne goes to James IIs daughter Mary [raised a Prot.] & her husband, William of Orange (Neth.).Two champions of the Protestant cause.

34English Bill of Rights [1689]Settled issues between King & Parliament.Model for the U. S. Bill of Rights.

35English Bill of Rights [1689]Main provisions:The King could not suspend the operation of laws.The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice.No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliaments consent.Freedom of speech in Parliament.Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.The monarch must be a Protestant.Freedom from arbitrary arrest.Censorship of the press was dropped.Religious toleration.

36The Seesaw of King & Parliament: 1603-1689

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