Mrs. Katie Ross

Cape Fear High School

Civil WarCivil WarTLW identify political and military TLW identify political and military turning points of the Civil War by turning points of the Civil War by completing interactive notes and completing interactive notes and

creating a timeline.creating a timeline.

Civil WarCivil War

Spark of the Civil War Spark of the Civil War = The election of = The election of LincolnLincoln

Civil WarCivil War

Bull RunBull Run

Preview: Page 27Preview: Page 27

Title: “Title: “North’s military strategyNorth’s military strategy””

* Pretend you were hired by President * Pretend you were hired by President Lincoln to come up with a plan to Lincoln to come up with a plan to defeat the south. What would your defeat the south. What would your plan be? Where would you attack?plan be? Where would you attack?

Civil WarCivil War

Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan (Union military (Union military strategy)strategy)

1.1. Take control of RichmondTake control of Richmond

(Eastern campaign)(Eastern campaign)

2.2. Split the south in half by gaining control Split the south in half by gaining control of the Mississippi Riverof the Mississippi River

(Western campaign)(Western campaign)

3.3. Naval blockade of the Confederate CoastNaval blockade of the Confederate Coast

(Choke off commerce and supplies)(Choke off commerce and supplies)

Anaconda PictureAnaconda Picture

Defend and delay until Union gives up. Quick victories to demoralize Union

Alliance with Great Britain Capture Washington, D.C.

Defend Richmond Sought decisive battle that would convince the Union it wasn’t worth it

Use better military leadership to your advantage and outsmart Union

generals.

Theater/Battles 1862

Civil WarCivil War

Battle of Antietam MarylandBattle of Antietam Maryland

Sept 17, 1862Sept 17, 1862

*Confederates forced to retreat *Confederates forced to retreat (25,000 casualties) (25,000 casualties) Victory for the Victory for the UnionUnion

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam

SIGNIFICANCE:SIGNIFICANCE:

1.1. England and France do not England and France do not recognize recognize the Confederacythe Confederacy

2.2. Lincoln will issue the Lincoln will issue the Emancipation Emancipation ProclomationProclomation

* Declared “forever free” the slaves in * Declared “forever free” the slaves in the Confederate States.the Confederate States.

* Encourages slaves to leave the South* Encourages slaves to leave the South

Theater/Battles 1862

Civil WarCivil War

VicksburgVicksburg – Mississippi 1863 – Mississippi 1863

*Union gained control of the *Union gained control of the Mississippi Mississippi River (Split South!)River (Split South!)

- cut off supplies to the South- cut off supplies to the South

Theater/Battles 1862

Civil WarCivil War Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg – –

Pennsylvania July 1-3, 1863Pennsylvania July 1-3, 1863*Confederates could not gain control *Confederates could not gain control of of Union atop Cemetary RidgeUnion atop Cemetary Ridge*Confederate General Lee forced to *Confederate General Lee forced to

withdrawwithdraw****MAJOR TURNINGPOINTMAJOR TURNINGPOINT*****The Confederates will NEVER attack *The Confederates will NEVER attack

the North again!the North again!

Gettysburg PicGettysburg Pic

On November 19, 1863, some 15,000 people gathered at Gettysburg to honor the Union

soldiers who had died there just four months before.

President Lincoln delivered a two-minute speech which became known as the Gettysburg

Address.

He reminded people that the Civil War was being fought to preserve a country that upheld

the principles of freedom, equality, and self-government.

The Gettysburg Address has become one of the best-loved and most-quoted speeches in the

English language.

It expresses grief at the terrible cost of war and the importance of preserving the Union.

Gettysburg Address

Four score and seven years Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth ago, our fathers brought forth

upon this continent a new upon this continent a new nationnation: conceived in liberty,

and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal……Now we are engaged in a great civil warengaged in a great civil war. . .testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived

and so dedicated. . . can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that

war…..

Gettysburg Address

We have come to dedicate a portion dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives for those who here gave their lives

that that nation might livethat that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we

should do this…But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate. . . we cannot consecrate. . we cannot

hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our

poor power to add or detract.

Gettysburg Address

The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, It is for us the living, rather,

to be dedicated here to the to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who unfinished work which they who

fought here have thus far so fought here have thus far so nobly advancednobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great

task remaining before us. . .

Gettysburg Address

That from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave

the last full measure of devotion. That we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the and that government of the

people, by the people, for the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from people, shall not perish from

the earth. the earth.

Gettysburg Address

Civil WarCivil War

Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea

*Union General Sherman uses “Total *Union General Sherman uses “Total War” in the SouthWar” in the South

- destroy resources and break the - destroy resources and break the Southerners will to resist.Southerners will to resist.

-Sherman and Union army marched -Sherman and Union army marched from Atlanta Georgia to Savanah from Atlanta Georgia to Savanah Georgia destroying everything in Georgia destroying everything in their path.their path.

William T. Sherman

Tactic of war where the Union marched through the South and destroyed all

resources the civilian population needed to survive.

GoalGoal: To make war as horrible and destructive as possible to force your enemy

to surrender.

Total war brings the civilian population into the war to demoralize the enemy and

force them to surrender.

It is “in your face warfare” or you (South) started this war and until you surrender, we

will destroy the you.

Tactic of war where the Union marched through the South and destroyed all

resources the civilian population needed to survive.

GoalGoal: To make war as horrible and destructive as possible to force your enemy

to surrender.

Total war brings the civilian population into the war to demoralize the enemy and

force them to surrender.

It is “in your face warfare” or you (South) started this war and until you surrender, we

will destroy the you.

William T. Sherman

Grant’s right hand general.

Fought with Grant in the West.

Most noted for this saying;

““War is hell and the worse you War is hell and the worse you make it the sooner it will be make it the sooner it will be

over.”over.”Put in charge of the Army of the West after Lincoln appoints Grant

as head of all Union troops.

Responsible for the March to the Sea and using “total war” in

destroying the South.

William T. Sherman

Sherman’sSherman’sMarchMarch

throughthroughGeorgiaGeorgia

to theto theSea, 1864Sea, 1864

Sherman’sSherman’sMarchMarch

throughthroughGeorgiaGeorgia

to theto theSea, 1864Sea, 1864

Total War 1

Total War 3

Total War 2

Picture: Richmond

Picture: Richmond

Picture: Richmond

Theater/Battles 1864

Letter Grant to Lee

5 PM, April 7, 1865…..

To: General R. E. Lee, Commanding CSA

The results of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion (spilling) of blood by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the Confederate States army known as the Army of Northern Virginia……

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, U.S. Grant

Letter Grant to Lee

April 7, 1865

To: General U.S. Grant:

General: I have received your note of this date. Though not entertaining the opinion you express of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia, I reciprocate your desire to avoid useless effusion of blood, and therefore, before considering your proposition, ask the terms you will offer on condition of its surrender.

Commanding General of CSA,

R. E. Lee

Letter Grant to Lee

April 8, 1865….

To: General R. E. Lee, Commanding CSA

Your note of last evening just received. In reply would say that there is but one condition I would insist upon---namely, that the men and officers surrendered shall be disqualified for taking up arms against the Government of the United States……..I will meet you at any point agreeable to you, for the purpose of arranging definitely the terms upon which the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia will be received.

General U.S. Grant, Commanding Officer, USA

Civil WarCivil War

Confederates Confederates surrender – April 9, surrender – April 9, 18651865– Confederate Confederate

General Lee General Lee surrenders to Union surrenders to Union General Grant at General Grant at Appomatox Court Appomatox Court House, VirginiaHouse, Virginia

Raised Armies

Picture: Draft riots

Financed War

North1. Tariffs

2. War bonds

3. Income taxes

4. Paper money called “greenback”s

South1. Wealthy lent

over $100 million

2. Foreign aid $15 million

3. Income taxes

4. Paper money

“A poor woman yesterday applied to a merchant in Carey Street to purchase a barrel of flour. The

price he demanded was $70.00. “My God!” exclaimed she, ‘how can I pay such prices?’ I have 7

children; whall shall I do?” “I don’t know, madam,’ said he cooly, ‘unless you eat your children.

A contemporary Richmond diary, (Oct. 22, 1863) portrays the ruinous effects of the

blockade and inflation.