Mrs. Afaf Stevens

Soci 4999

Women and Social Change

Lecture 1

Textbook Overview

Gender Planning & Development

Part I

1.

Conceptual RationaleFor gender planning

In the third world

2.

Gender Roles:The family andThe household

3.

Practical & StrategicNeed and the role

of the state

4.

Third world Approaches toWomen andDevelopment

Textbook Overview

Gender Planning & Development

Part II

5.

Towards GenderPlanning:

A New PlanningTradition &

Methodology

6.

TheInstitutionalization

Of GenderPlanning

7.

OperationalProcedures

For ImplementingPolicies

Programs & Projects

8.

Training StrategiesFor gender Planning:

From Sensitizing to Skills

& Techniques

9.

Towards an Emancipation

Approach:The Political Agenda

of Women’s Organizations

Chapter 2 W & SC in America- Gender Roles the Family & the Household – Part 1a

Heterogeneity of the

Household Structures

AssumptionsConcepts of

HeadshipConsequenceRefutation

Chapter 2 W & SC in America- Gender Roles the Family & the Household – Part 1a

• Assumptions– Predominant Household Structure Consists of

a Nuclear Family: Husband, Wife and 2 or 3 Children –an Idealized Traditional Stereotype of Western Industrialized Society.

– Concept of Headship: Man is the head, breadwinner, financial supporter, decision-maker, & independent

Chapter 2 W & SC in America- Gender Roles the Family & the Household – Part 1a

• Refutation of Assumptions– In Rural Contexts, women are primarily

income-earners– Frequently women counted as heads of the

household– Consequently in data-collection women’s

agricultural participation becomes invisible

Chapter 2 W & SC in America- Gender Roles the Family & the Household – Part 1b

Household asNatural Decision

Making Unit

Households as Joint Utility

Function

Households asUnified Units

Of Consumption & Production

Other ModelsOf Households

Joint Utility FunctionDecision MakingAnd Resource

Allegations

Households as Utility Functions& substitutability

of Labor

Chapter 2 W & SC in America- Gender Roles the Family & the Household – Part 1c

Triple Role of women

Triple Role &Feminist Debates

Division of Labor Community Work

Productive Work Re-productive WorkCommunityManaging

Community Politics

Chapter 2 W & SC in America- Gender Roles the Family & the Household – Part 1d

Economic Roles

Women Excluded From

Land-Honorship

Women ExcludedFrom

Credit Access

Women ExcludedFrom

Extension & Other Services

Chapter 2 W & SC in America- Gender Roles the Family & the Household – Part 2a

• Women and Men have different position within the household and different control over resources

• They play different roles in society• Men and Women have different needs• Women and men have different goals:

– Women, emancipation, equality and equity within socioeconomic and political arenas

• It is crucial to disaggregate households and families on the basis of gender when defining planning needs.

Chapter 2 W & SC in America- Gender Roles the Family & the Household – Part 2b

Typical Household Order

Division of LaborDecision-making

Power

Power and ControlOver Resource

Allocations

Male LaborMarket Sector

Female Labor/Housewife

Non-Market Sector

ReproductiveNon-value work

ProductiveValue Work

Market-LaborOutside the Home

Community Political Work:Official Paid Position ($$

Or in power return)

Chapter 2 W & SC in America- Gender Roles the Family & the Household – Part 2c

• Female Invisible Labor / Domestic / Inside the Home– Childbearing and Child Rearing

– Household Management & Supplementary- Income labor

– Community Management / Voluntary - Work