m.phil. project
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Review of Literature
1.4 Sources of Data
1.5 Period of the Stud
1.! "b#ectives of the Stud
1.$ Sco%e of the Stud
1.& 'onstruction of Pre(test
1.) Sam%le Si*e
1.1+ Sam%lin, Desi,n
1.11 Plan of -nalsis
1.12 Limitations of the Stud
1.13 'ha%ter Scheme
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1.1INTRDUCTION
I/ 0 ILL-S PRIS I6DI- 7ILL PRIS 0""8
( 9ahatma andhi.
In this era of ,rowth and develo%ments all nations tr to u%lift themselves to
,lobal standards in all areas. 0he :e areas commonl indentified b most economists
are the societ and transformation. 0he economic indicators are %er cent ca%ital
income ,ross domestic %roduct net domestic %roduct share in world trade forei,n
e;chan,e reserves and the li:e on the social side< drin:in, water reliable electricit
,ood sanitar conditions viable trans%ort sstem and the li:e are ,iven due
im%ortance. 9illions of %eo%le in our countr dream that India will become an
economic su%er %ower in 2+2+.
India is a land of villa,es and her econom continues even toda to be mainl a
rural oriented one. Rural develo%ment is the main %illar of each nation=s develo%ment.
In s%ite of ra%id urbani*ation a lar,e section of Indian %o%ulation still lives in the
villa,es1.
m%owerin, women is reco,ni*ed as an im%ortant end in itself as well as a
:e to im%rovin, the >ualit of life of ever one. 7ithout full and e>ual %artici%ation
of women there can be no sustainable human develo%ment.
In the words of 'rowther m%owerment means to ,ive somebod the %ower
or authorit to act8. 7omen em%owerment means an all(round develo%ment which
11.asanth Desai. Rural Development in Inia! Pa"t! Pre"ent an Future # A C$allen%e in Cri"e"
imalaa Publishin, ouse 9umbai 2++5 %.3
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includes their %hsical socio(economic and %olitical develo%ment&. In s%ite of various
constitutional safe,uards and le,islative measures as well as a number of %ro,rammes
and %olicies initiated b the ,overnment for the betterment women no si,nificant
develo%ment has ta:en %lace in the socio(economic conditions of women and the are
still la,,in, behind men in their %artici%ation in the %rocess of develo%ment. 7ithout
the full and e>ual %artici%ation of women there can be no sustainable human
develo%ment.
Statu" o' (omen in Inia
ven after si;t five ears of Indian inde%endence women are still one of the
most %owerless and mar,inali*ed section of the societ. 0he are not onl considered
the wea:er se; but in fact the disem%owered section of the societ. - number of
social economic and %olitical indicators su%%ort this fact and some of these areual
o%%ortunities for women in social economic and %olitical %rocess of rural
develo%ment. 0he declaration of International 7omen=s ear ?1)$5A and the decade of
women ?1)$!(1)&5A b the nited 6ations hel%ed to hi,hli,ht the crucial issues of
women and the need for their em%owerment.
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Durin, the first %art of 2+thcentur it was believed that industrial revolution
would eradicate %overt and lead to moderni*ation and economic develo%ment. ut
the benefits of develo%ment did not reach women and the develo%ment %lans failed to
consider their welfare. 0he second %art has witnessed ma#or im%rovements in
women=s health and education but the %ro,ress has been slow and uneven. India is no
e;ce%tion to this. 0he declinin, se; ration female wor: %artici%ation rate and the li:e
reveal the %oor status of Indian women. -fter inde%endence the ,overnment of India
too: numerous measures to ensure ,ender e>ualit. Different %lans and %olicies as
well as the constitution have laid stress on women em%owerment. 0he women=s
em%owerment ear was launched in 2++1 with the conviction that em%owered women
constitute a nation=s stren,th.
m%owerment %rovides le,itimac and social #ustice for human develo%ment.
m%owerment of women means creatin, economic inde%endence self reliance
%olitical social and le,al awareness self confidence and %ositive attitude amon,
women. It enables women to face an situation and to %artici%ate in the develo%ment
activities of the nation.
0he conce%t of em%loment has assumed a uni>ue role in this conte;t. 0hrou,h
nearl half of Indian %o%ulation consists of women their %artici%ation rate in the
economic activities is onl 34 %er cent. Durin, the 1)$+s efforts to %romote self
em%loment amon, women started receivin, ,reater attention from the ,overnment
and %rivate a,encies. 0he result has been the emer,ence of women entre%reneurs on
the economic scene in recent ears. ven then less than 5 %er cent of business units
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are owned and o%erated b them. Several studies have shown that women have %roved
to be ,ood at business. If more women are motivated and ,iven necessar %ower and
hel% to become entre%reneurs the can contribute effectivel in runnin, viable
business enter%rises. ence S is ver im%ortant for the em%owerment of women.
ence an attem%t has been made to e;amine the role of S in em%owerin, the
women of Govil%atti loc:.
1.&RE/IE( OF ,ITERATURE
9an researchers donor a,encies im%lementin, a,encies have conducted
several studies evolutions im%act studies and assessment on Ss and their
federations. -nd it is not to %ossible to %resent a com%rehensive review of all the
research done so far. owever a brief overview of some of the studies conducted and
%ublished in the %ast is ,iven below.
In an article entitled 7omen=s Self el% rou% for alleviatin, Povert8 b
-.-bdul Raheem su,,ested various models for formin, Self el% rou%s.
- %a%er on Self el% rou%s 9ovement for 7omen em%owerment8 b
.Se:ar and G.Senthil adivoo %ointed out the im%ortance of S in em%owerin,
women.
-n article titled 9icro /inance throu,h Self(el%8 9.Servachandra
hi,hli,hted the need for micro finance and the e;tension of same throu,h Self el%
rou%.
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- stud on Self el% rou% in Dindi,ul District8 carried out b
-.en:atachalam and -.Hea%ra:ash enli,htened the %erformance of S in
Dindi,ul District.
In an article ca%tioned conomic m%owerment of 7omen throu,h Self el%
rou%=s8 b . Gala stressed on the role of S in economic em%owerment.
- %a%er on 7omen m%owerment Success throu,h Self(el% rou%s8 b
elu Suresh Gumar %ointed out the e;tent of em%owerment of women throu,h Self
el% rou%.
-n em%irical stud titled Self el% rou%s(emer,in, Rural nter%rise8 b
S.Gama Ra#u %uts li,ht on the role of S in enter%risin, activities in alan,iman
illa,e of 0an#ore District.
In Indian an:er #ournal an article named 9icro(credit or Self el%
rou%s in India mer,in, Issues and 'hallen,es8 b D.Ramani enli,htened the
conce%t of micro credit ,rowth and si,nificance of micro credit and Self el%
rou%s.
In I- ulletin 9icro /inance C - Panacea for Rural an:ers8 an article of
6.Haa Seelan hi,hli,hted the o%erational criteria of Self el% rou%s.
-n article titled Self el% rou%s an: Lin:a,e Pro,ramme8 b
S.0hirumaran and R.Gasilin,am %ointed out that the Self el% rou%s avail the
re>uired financial assistance for their entre%reneurial activities.
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i::ram G. Pattanai: in their article m%owerment of 7omen and Rural
Develo%ment8 Published in Bo#ana has %ointed out women=s %artici%ation in wor:
education and %olitical activities.
0.R.urumoorth in his article Self el% rou% m%ower Rural 7omen8
%ublished in Gurushetra has discussed the em%owerin, of women to ,ear social
develo%ment.
Hea -nand in her article 9icro C finance in Gerala8 studies the communit
develo%ment of women and the societ model form of the %oor women of -la%%a*ha.
'.Grishna 9ohan Rao and .. ala Grishna in their article m%owerment
of 7omen throu,h Literac8 Published in Guru:shetra have %ointed out im%ortance
of education to %oor women.
RESEARCH -ETHODO,OGY
1.0 SOURCES OF DATA
0he data re>uired for the stud have been collected from both %rimar and
secondar sources.
Primar* Data
0he %rimar data have been collected throu,h a well desi,ned interview
schedule. Interview schedule have been constructed :ee%in, in view of ob#ectives of
the stud.
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Seonar* Data
0he Secondar data have been collected from boo:s #ournals news%a%ers
ma,a*ines trainin, materials of 6--RD and 6"s and Internet.
1.2 PERIOD OF THE STUDY
0he stud covers a %eriod of ten ears from 2++2(2++3 to 2+11(2+12.
1.3 O4ECTI/ES OF THE STUDY
1. 0o stud the %rofile of members and women Self el% rou%s
2. 0o analses the o%inion of members towards loan and trainin,.
3. 0o identif the %roblems faced b these Self el% rou%s.
4. 0o stud the women em%owerment throu,h Self el% rou%s.
5. 0o offer su,,estions based on findin,s of the stud.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
0he %resent stud attem%ts to e;amine the socio(economic em%owerment of
the Ss on the reci%ients. It ins%ects how far the %ro,ramme has hel%ed in raisin,
the income s and levels of livin, of the rural %oor women and in enablin, them to
u%lift their lifestle. 0his stud will also hel% to understand the factors which
influence the women to become a member of the S.
1.6 CONSTRUCTION OF PRE7TEST
/or the %ur%ose of surve a %re(test was conducted amon, 15 members from
15 Self el% rou%s to anal*e the effectiveness of the interview schedule the
interview schedule was modified on the basis of the %re(test and data were collected
from 15+ women members.
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1.8 SA-P,E SI9E
Primar data have been collected b conductin, interview amon, 15+ members
in Govil%atti loc:.
1.1: SA-P,ING DESIGN
In Govil%atti loc: the total numbers of Ss are 1&)+. /or the %ur%ose of
surve & %er cent of the sam%les were selected and convenient sam%lin, method was
ado%ted.
1.11 P,AN OF ANA,YSIS
Statistical tools li:e %ercenta,e arret=s ran:in, techni>ue and wei,hted
avera,e have been used to anal*e the data.
Garrett;" Ranue was used. -s %er this method res%ondents have been
as:ed to assi,n the ran: for all factors and the outcomes of such ran:in, have been
converted into score value with the hel% of the followin, formulaJ
Percent Position K
7here
Ri# K Ran: ,iven for the ith variable b the #th res%ondents.
6# K 6umber of variable ran:ed b the #th res%ondents.
7ith the hel% of arrett=s 0able the %ercent %osition estimated is converted into
scores. 0hen for each factor the scores of each individual are added and then total
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value of scores and mean value of score is calculated. 0he factors havin, hi,hest
mean value is considered to be the most im%ortant factor.
(ei%$te Avera%e -et$o
-n avera,e in which each >uantit to be avera,ed is assi,ned a wei,ht. 0hese
wei,htin,s determine the relative im%ortance of each >uantit on the avera,e.
7ei,htin,s are the e>uivalent of havin, that man li:e items with the same value
involved in the avera,e.
7ei,hted avera,e is an im%ortant conce%t in descri%tive statistics and
mathematics. 0he term wei,hted avera,e usuall refers to a wei,hted arithmetic
mean. /ormulaualit to reali*e their
%otentialit and self(belief.
3. -ssistin, the members to com%lete the formalities and documentation re>uired
to obtain credit from ban:.
4. el%in, ban:s in the recover of credit b motivatin, members for %rom%t
re%ament of loans.
5. Procurement of hi,h cost in%uts that could not be bou,ht individuall.
!. 0rainin, of members in the use of e;tension services and overnment su%%ort.
$. uildin, common infrastructure for the benefit of its members.
&. Settin, viable norms for interest rates re%ament schedule ,estation %eriod
e;tension writin, off bad debts and so on.
&.3 TARGET GROUP FOR SHG"
0he 0ar,et ,rou% for S would broadl com%rise the followin,J
1. Smaller and mar,inal farmers.
2. Landless a,ricultural and non C a,ricultural laborers.
3. -rtisans and craftsmen.
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4. Persons en,a,ed in small business li:e vendin, and haw:in,.
5. Persons below the %overt line that is with annual famil income not e;ceedin,
Rs.1! 14+.
&.5 FOR-ATION OF SHG"
0here are different %rocesses involved in the formation of Ss. 0he are as
followsJ
?i@ S$ort ,i"tin% t$e Potential /illa%e"
In the %rocess of formation the followin, criteria are followed for short listin,
the %otential villa,es.
a. Remoteness of illa,e.
b. Lac: of infrastructure facilities li:e electricit roads drin:in, water and the
li:e.
c. Low literac rate the hi,h mortalit rate.
d. amlets with less than 1++ families.
e. ;istence of 9one Lenders
f. Smaller Land C holdin,s
?ii@Ienti'*in% t$e Poore"t o' t$e Poor
0he %rocess of identifin, the %oorest of the %oor involves three ste%s such as
villa,e ma%%in, wealth ran:in, and sharin, information with the villa,ers. 0he
villa,e ma%s are drawn with the hel% of the villa,e %eo%le mainl to understand the
environment and dnamics of villa,es. It hel%s to understand the number of families
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livin, in the villa,e and to initiate a dialo,ue for intervention. In the wealth ran:in,
%rocess the families selected in the %otential villa,es are cate,ori*ed as the %oorest of
the %oor the moderate and the rich families. 0his is made mainl to identif the
%oorest of the %oor families for ,rou% formation. Lastl the conce%t of S is shared
with the %oorest of the %oor of the villa,e to ,et their a%%roval and authenticit.
?iii@Formation o' Group
In this sta,e the ste%s are initiated to name the ,rou%s and frame norms and
o%erational ,uidelines relatin, to the ,rou%s functionin, savin, and lendin,. esides
,rou%s are assisted for selection of office bears in this sta,e.
?iv@ualit* C$e
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ii. Sim%le accountin, sstem and necessar boo:s are o%ened and maintained
from the first da itself.
iii. -wareness of the norms of the ,rou%s amon, all members is created.
iv. 0rainin, is im%arted to the office bearers re,ardin, the accounts of the ,rou%.
&.6 STRUCTURE OF SHG
0he vision of 0amilnadu 7omen Develo%ment 'or%oration is to
m%owerment one million women in 0amilnadu with s%ecial em%hasis on the %oorest
women. Social m%owerment economics em%owerment and ca%acit buildin, are the
mission of the 9ahalir 0hittam. 0he Ss are su%%orted b the followin, structure.
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/i,ure 2.1
0he 0amilnadu 'or%oration Limited for Develo%ment of 7omen has its ead
Muarters in 'hennai. It has two units namel %ro#ect mana,ement unit and %ro#ect
im%lementation unit.
30
S C - 67 7"96=S 9"960
Institutional Collective
Action
Ideology Organiational !tructure
Collection Action o"
#e$%ers &$'o(er$ent
)a$ilnadu Cor'oration
"or *evelo'$ent o"
,ro-ect #anage$ent
,ro-ect I$'le$entation
nit
/ongovern$ental
Organiation
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Pro#ect im%lementation unit is located in the District ead Muarters. 0he
%ro#ect will also brin, about conver,ence of schemes and inte,ration of services of
different de%artments.
&.8 SHG" IN INDIA
"ur 'ountr has a tradition of mobili*in, thrift which in turn meets the credit
needs of the rural %eo%le. -t the time of inde%endence the coo%erative sector was
%lain, a leadin, role in meetin, the credit re>uirements of the rural %eo%le. -fter
inde%endence %rovision of institutional finance to the wea:er section was ,iven
considerable im%ortance. -s a matter of fact economic em%owerment of the wea:er
sections was one of the main reasons for nationali*ation of commercial ban:s in 1)!).
Subse>uentl the commercial ban:s and re,ional rural ban:s have %laed an
im%ortant role in the im%lementation of various credit lin:ed schemes li:e inte,rated
Rural Develo%ment the Prime 9inister Ro*,ar Ba#ana and so on.
Rural develo%ment is a multifaceted %henomenon on which rests the alram
#a:har who occu%ied the im%ortant office of the s%ea:er in the %arliament and who is
an a,riculturists himself has received the various %lans in this re,ards and has
indicated his stron, commitment towards evaluation of a national commitment
transcendin, %art and %olitical line for the u%liftment of the rural sector8 ?Sin,h and
Ponde 1))&A.
0he nion Rural Develo%ment 9inister Hairam Ramesh said since ince%tion
the number of Ss formed is a%%ro;imatel 3+ la:h and out of an estimated )+!5$
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federations in the countr !)!)2 are in the southern India states of -ndhra Pradesh
Garnata:a Gerala and 0amilnadu.
TaBle &.1
NumBer o' Sel' Help Group" in Inia
S .No. Year No. of. SHGs Increase/Decreas
e
Rate of Growth
1 2++2(+3 4!34$& ( (
2 2++3(+4 $1$3!+ 253&&2 54.$&
3 2++4(+5 1+$)))1 3!2!31 5+.554 2++5(+! 1!1&4$! 53&4&5 4).&!
5 2++!(+$ 223&5!5 !2++&) 3&.31
! 2++$(+& 2)24)$3 !&!4+& 3+.!!
$ 2++&(+) 35451!2 !2+1&) 21.2+
& 2++)(2+1+ 3)&$!54 4424)2 12.4+
) 2+1+(2+11 433221+ 34455! &.!4
1+ 2+11(2+12 45&!$13 2545+3 5.&$
SourceJ 6--RD website Guru:shetra /ebruar 2+12.
It is understood from 0able 2.1 that the total number of Self el% rou%s in
India which was 4!34$& in 2++2 ( +3 had steadil increased to 45&!$13 in 2+11(12.
0he ,rowth rate of Self el% rou%s in India shows a fluctuatin, trend ran,in,
between 54.$& in 2++3(+4 and 5+.55 %er cent in 2++4(+5.
&.1: SHG" IN TA-I,NADU
0amilnadu forestation %ro#ect has ta:en note of this new tool in rural
develo%ment and has encoura,ed formation of Self el% rou%s in all villa,es in 5
ears that is 1))$(2++2. Self el% rou%s mainl hel% women to or,ani*e themselves
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in collective endeavour and ,enerate income. 0he also ma:e them aware of the
im%ortance of thrift and small savin,s which is a boon to them in times of need.
7omen have enthusiasticall enrolled themselves in Self el% rou%s. Raisin,
nurseries tailorin, coir ro%e ma:in, food %rocessin, and the li:e are some of the
activities done b the Self el% rou%s.
- tie u% has been arran,ed with the 0amilnadu women Develo%ment
'or%oration to lin: 9ahalir 0hittam ?90A in the %ro,ramme villa,es. 0he %ro,ramme
officers in each district hel% the Ss in their activities. 6"s have contributed
immensel to the motivation mobili*ation trainin, and mar:etin,. 0he number of
Self el% rou%s functionin, in the %ro#ect and the members in Ss are as seen in
the followin, 0able 2.2.
TA,E &.&
NumBer o' Sel' Help Group" in Tamilnau
S .No. Year No .of. SHGs Increase/Decreas
e
Rate of Growth
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1 2++2(+3 2)) ( (
2 2++3(+4 4)+ 1)1 !3.&&
3 2++4(+5 523 33 !.$3
4 2++5(+! 5&! !3 12.+4
5 2++!(+$ !23 3$ !.31
! 2++$(+& $1+ &$ 13.)!
$ 2++&(+) $)2 &2 11.5
& 2++)(1+ &!3 $1 &.)!
) 2+1+(11 1+21 15& 1&.31
1+ 2+11(12 11+3 &2 &.+3
SourceJ www.n,o.com
It is understood from 0able 2.2 that the total number of Ss in 0amilnadu
which was 2)) in 2++2(2++3 has increased to 11+3 in 2+11(12. 0he ,rowth rates of
Ss in 0amilnadu show a fluctuatin, trend ran,in, between C !3.&& %er cent in
2++3(+4 and !.$3 %er cent in 2++4(+5.0he ,rowth rates of Ss in 0amilnadu shows
a fluctuatin, trend.
0here are twelve loc:s in 0uticorin District. Govil%atti bloc: is one amon,
the 0welve loc:s in 0uticorin District. 0he 0amilnadu 'or%oration for Develo%ment
of 7omen Limited ?06'D7A and eleven 6"s are im%lementin, 9ahalir 0hittam
throu,h %ro#ect im%lement unit in 0uticorin District. In Govil%atti bloc: the total
numbers of Ss are 1&)+.
&.11 ACTI/ITIES OF (O-EN SHG" IN THE O/I,PATTI ,OC
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?i@ Eonomi Upli'tment
Initiall the ,rou% save Rs. 1+ to 2+ %er wee: %er member and remitted the
same in the res%ective ban: in their savin,s ban: account. 7hen the need arises the
draw and disburse the same amon, them as san,ha loan to meet their domestic
necessities. 0he %rinci%al amount with a nominal interest at 2 %er cent %er month will
be re%aid within 5 to 1+ installments. 0hese recurrin, ccles enlar,e the ,rou% after
si; months< the S will be rated on the basis of 14 %arameters li:e wee:l meetin,
savin, efficient internal lendin, boo: :ee%in, and social activities and so on. 0hen
the eli,ible S would be referred to District Rural Develo%ment -,enc ?DRD-A
for the sanction of SSB revolvin, fund of Rs. 25+++. 0hus within a %eriod of 15 to
1& months an effective S will be rotatin, a fund not less than Rs.35+++. 0hen the
Ss become eli,ible of economic activit to ,et subsid loan of Rs. "ne la:h to
three la:hs with a ma;imum subsid of Rs. 1.25 la:hs.
ii@ Capait* uilin%
0he %ro#ect im%lementation unit of this district is im%artin, several trainin,s
li:e S members trainin, animators trainin, DP trainin, s:ill trainin, and so on.
9oreover this unit also creates social awareness towards ca%acit buildin, of women.
?iii@ Soial Development
0he women=s attitude towards societ is ,raduall sha%ed to have an outloo:
with %ublic well(bein,s. 0he Ss en,a,e themselves in mass cleanin, of streets and
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tem%les voluntaril %artici%atin, in social activities li:e health nutrition ee cam%
aids awareness cam% and so on. 0he %artici%ate in the activities of local %anchaat.
0he contact ban: officials 6"s and officials of various de%artments without an
hesitation.
?iv@A$ieve t$e /i"ion
/or achievin, the vision of Ss the financial assistance has been %rovided to
underta:e the activities li:e ,oat rearin, ve,etable cultivation ma:in, match bo;
candle ma:in, and so on.
CHAPTER III
PROFI,E OF -E-ERS AND GROUPS
3.1 Introduction
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3.2 -,e(wise 'lassification of 9embers
3.3 9arital Status of the 9embers
3.4 ducational Mualification of the 9embers
3.5 'lassification of the 9embers of S on the asic of their "ccu%ation
3.! "n the asis of their Location
3.$ 6ature of -ctivities done b Ss
3.& /actors 9otivatin, to ecome 9embers of S
3.) Problems /aced b the 9embers to ecome 9embers in the S
3.1+ 0%es of Problems /aced b the 9embers
311 Partici%ation of /amil 9embers
3.12 9aintenance of -ccounts
3.13 Res%ondents "%inion of Submission of -ccount Statements
3.14 /re>uenc of 'ollection of Savin,s
3.15 -mount of 9onthl Savin,s
3.1! an:ers of Ss
3.1$ /re>uenc of Subscri%tion
3.1& -mount of Subscri%tion
3.1) "%inion of Social 7elfare Pro,rammes of Ss
3.2+ 0%es of Social 7elfare Pro,rammes
3.21 "%inion of 9embers about the enefits Received from Ss
3.22 0%e of enefits
3.23 "%inion on Problems faced b the 9embers of Ss
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3.24 6ature of Problems
3.25 -ttitude of 9embers Re,ardin, the Performance of Ss
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=.1 INTRODUCTION
S is a voluntar form of or,ani*ation. It admits an woman to become
member. It does not show an discrimination li:e caste race reli,ion and so on. 0he
members of S should be the residents of the %articular area. -t the same time the
members should be above 1& ears of a,e. 0he attend the meetin,s %ro%erl.
In this cha%ter an attem%t has been made to stud the socioeconomic conditions
of the members and the ,rou%s.
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=.& AGE7(ISE C,ASSIFICATION OF -E-ERS
-,e is one of the criteria to become a member in S. 0he distribution of
sam%le res%ondents on the basis of a,e is %resented in 0able 1.
TA,E(1
A%e7+i"e Cla""i'iation o' -emBer"
S. 6o. -,e 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
4
elow 25 Bears
2!(35 Bears
3!(45 Bears
-bove 45 Bears
0otal
13
31
!2
44
&.!$
2+.!$
41.33
2).33
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is observed from the 0able 1 that &.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents are below
25 ears of a,e and those who are from 2!(35 ears amount to 2+.!$ %er cent. 0he
res%ondents who are in the a,e ,rou% of 3!(45 ears and above 45 ears amount to
41.33 %er cent and 2).33 %er cent res%ectivel.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?41.33@A are in the a,e ,rou% of 3!(45 ears.
=.= -ARITA, STATUS OF THE -E-ERS
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0he surve has been ta:en from both the married and un(married women.
0able 2 reveals the classification of the res%ondents accordin, to their marital status.
TA,E ( &
-arital Statu" o' t$e -emBer"
S. 6o. Status 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
9arried
n(married
0otal
13+
2+
&!.!$
13.33
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is inferred from 0able 2 that &!.!$ %er cent of res%ondents are married and
13.33 %er cent of res%ondents are un(married.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?&!.!$@A are married.
=.0 EDUCATIONA, UA,IFICATION OF THE -E-ERS
0able 3 de%icts the educational >ualification of the members of S.
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TA,E (=
Euational uali'iation o' t$e -emBer"
S. 6o. Level of ducation 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
4
Primar Level
Secondar Level
De,ree Level
Di%loma
0otal
)3
31
13
13
!2.++
2+.!!
&.!$
&.!$
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 3 elucidates that !2 %er cent of the res%ondents have studied u%to
%rimar level and 2+.!! %er cent have studied u%to secondar level. 0hose who are
,raduates and who are di%loma holders amount to &.!$ %er cent each.
It is concluded that more than three(fifth ?!2@A of the members are educated
u%to %rimar level.
=.2 C,ASSIFICATION OF THE -E-ERS OF SHG ON THE ASIS OF
THEIR OCCUPATION
0he women fol: of this bloc: are a,riculturists collies house wives and so on.
"ccu%ation(wise classification of the res%ondents of the S is ,iven in 0able 4.
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TA,E ( 0
Oupation7+i"e Cla""i'iation o' t$e -emBer"
S. 6o. "ccu%ation 6o. of
Res%ondents
Percenta,e
?@A
1
2
3
4
-,riculture and -llied 7or:
'oolie
ouse 7ife
usiness
0otal
!)
44
25
12
4!.++
2).33
1!.!$
&.++
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is seen from 0able 4 that a,riculture is the occu%ation of 4! %er cent of the
res%ondents 2).33 %er cent are collies 1!.!$ %er cent are house wives and & %er cent
of the res%ondents are doin, business.
9ore than two(fifth of the res%ondent=s occu%ation is a,riculture and allied
wor:.
=.3 ON THE ASIS OF THEIR ,OCATION
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0he researcher interviewed the members of Self el% rou%s belon,in, to
different %arts of the stud area and the followin, 0able 5 shows the classification of
Ss on the basis of their location.
TA,E ( 2
Cla""i'iation o' SHG" on t$e a"i" o' it" ,oation
S. 6o. -rea 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
9unici%al -rea
Panchaat -rea
0otal
25
125
1!.!$
&3.33
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data
0able 5 reveals that 1!.!$ %er cent of the members are in the 9unici%al area
and the remainin, &3.33 %er cent of the members are in the Panchaat -rea.
It is ,ratified to note that most of them Ss ?&3.3@A are in Panchaat -rea.
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=.5 NATURE OF ACTI/ITIES DONE Y SHGS
0able ! shows the :ind of activities done b Ss.
TA,E (3
Nature o' Ativitie" Done B* SHG"
S. 6o. -ctivities 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
Production "riented
Service "riented
-,riculture "riented
0otal
3&
1&
)4
25.33
12.++
!2.!$
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data
It is inferred from 0able ! that 25.33 %er cent of the Ss activit is
%roduction oriented 12.++ %er cent of the Ss are doin, services and !2.!$ %er cent
of the Ss are doin, a,riculture oriented activities.
9a#orit of the Ss ?!2.!$@A are involved in a,riculture oriented activities.
=.6 FACTORS -OTI/ATING TO ECO-E -E-ERS OF SHG
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0able $ reveals of factors motivatin, the members to #oin S.
TA,E ( 5
FACTORS -OTI/ATING -E-ERS
S. 6o. /actors 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
6"=s
an:s
Ins%iration from "ther
9embers0otal
44
1)
&$
2).33
12.!$
5&.++
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is clear from 0able $ that 2).33 %er cent are motivated b 6"=s 12.!$ %er
cent are motivated b ban:s and 5& %er cent are motivated throu,h ins%iration from
other members.
9a#orit of the members ?5&@A are motivated throu,h ins%iration from other
members.
=.8 PRO,E-S FACED Y THE -E-ERS TO ECO-E -E-ER IN
THE SHG
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0able & shows the %roblems faced b the members to become a member of the
S.
TA,E ( 6
ProBlem" Fae B* t$e -emBer" to Beome a -emBer in t$e SHG
S. 6o. "%inion 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
Bes
6o
0otal
1$
133
11.33
&&.!$
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is inferred from 0able & that 11.33 %er cent of the res%ondents are facin,
%roblems to become a member in the S and &&.!$ %er cent are not facin, an
%roblem.
9ore than four(fifth of the res%ondents are not facin, an %roblem to become a
member in the S.
=.1: TYPES OF PRO,E-S FACED Y THE -E-ERS
0able ) shows the t%es of %roblems faced b the members
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TA,E ( 8
T*pe" o' ProBlem" Fae t$e * t$e -emBer"
S. 6o. 0%es of Problems 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
Demandin, 9ore 9one
9ore Rules and
Re,ulations
rou% Domination
0otal
!
5
!
35.2)
2).42
35.2)
1$ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able ) reveals that demandin, more mone b ,rou% is the %roblem for 35.2)
%er cent of the res%ondents more rules and re,ulations and ,rou% domination are the
%roblem for 2).42 %er cent and 35.2) %er cent res%ectivel.
Problem of demandin, more mone and rou% domination are the ma#or
%roblems faced b the members.
=.11 PARTICIPATION OF FA-I,Y -E-ERS
0able 1+ shows the details of %artici%ation of famil members in the ,rou%.
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TA,E ( 1:
Detail" o' Famil* -emBer" Partiipation
S. 6o. Partici%ation 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
Bes
6o
0otal
!+
)+
4+
!+
15+ 1++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 1+ reveals that 4+ %er cent of res%ondents= famil members have
%artici%ated in the ,rou% activities and !+ %er cent of the res%ondents= famil
members have not %artici%ated in the ,rou% activities.
-ccordin, to the ma#orit of the members ?!+@A their famil members have
not %artici%ated in the activities of the Ss.
=.1& -AINTENANCE OF ACCOUNTS
rou% leaders have to maintain the accounts %ro%erl. 0he accounts of the
Ss are also audited. 0able 11 %ortras the o%inion of res%ondents re,ardin, the
maintenance of accounts b the ,rou% leader.
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TA,E ( 11
Opinion o' Re"ponent" Re%arin% -aintenane o' Aount"
S. 6o. "%inion 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
Bes
6o
0otal
131
1)
&$.33
12.!$
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 11 shows that out of 15+ res%ondents &$.33 %er cent of them feel that the
,rou% accounts are maintained %ro%erl and onl 12.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents
feel that the accounts are not maintained %ro%erl.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?&$.33@A feel that the ,rou% accounts are
maintained %ro%erl b the ,rou% leader.
=.1= RESPONDENTS OPINION ON SU-ISSION OF ACCOUNT
STATE-ENTS
rou% leaders have to discuss the details of account in the meetin, and
accounts are submitted to all members. 0able 12 shows the o%inion of res%ondents on
submission of accounts statements.
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TA,E ( 1&
Opinion o' Re"ponent" on SuBmi""ion o' Aount" Statement"
S. 6o. "%inion 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
Bes
6o
0otal
131
1)
&$.33
12.!$
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 12 reveals that &$.33 %er cent res%ondents feel that the accounts are
%eriodicall submitted to all members and remainin, 12.!$ %er cent feel that the
account statement are not %ro%erl submitted.
9a#orit of the res%ondents feel that the accounts statements are %ro%erl
submitted to the members.
=.10 FREUENCY OF CO,,ECTION OF SA/INGS
0he basic functions of the Ss are to collect contributions from their ,rou%
members towards the ,rou% fund. 0he are encoura,ed to ado%t micro savin,s sstem.
0able 13 shows the fre>uenc of collection of savin,s.
TA,E 71=
Fre)uen* o' Colletion o' Savin%"
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S. 6o. /re>uenc 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
ver wee:
/ortni,htl
0hen and 0here
0otal
112
2+
1&
$4.!$
13.33
12.++
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 13 reveals that $4.!$ %er cent of the Ss collect the savin,s amount
Ever 7ee:= 13.33 %er cent E/ortni,htl= and remainin, 12 %er cent collect the
amount Ethen and there= basis.
It is inferred that $4.!$ %ercent of the Ss collectin, savin,s amount ever
wee:.
=.12 A-OUNT OF -ONTH,Y SA/INGS
0able 14 shows the amount of monthl savin,s of the Ss.
TA,E 710
Amount o' -ont$l* Savin%"
S. 6o. 9onthl Savin,s 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
Less than Rs.2+++
Rs.2+++(3+++
0otal
132
1&
&&.++
12.++
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
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It is inferred from 0able 14 that && %er cent of the res%ondents= amount of
monthl savin,s is less than 2+++ and remainin, 12 %ercent of the res%ondents=
amount of monthl savin,s is from Rs.2+++ to Rs.3+++.
9a#orit of the res%ondents= monthl savin,s %er ,rou% for a month is less than
Rs. 2+++.
=.13 ANERS OF SHG"
0able 15 shows the details of ban:ers of Ss.
TA,E ( 12
Detail" o' an
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0otal 15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is inferred from 0able 15 that co(o%erative ban: is the ban:ers to the Ss
for !3.33 %er cent of the Ss. Pandian rama an: and 6ationalised an:s are the
ban:ers to 24.!$ %er cent and 12 %er cent of the Ss res%ectivel.
9ore than three(fifth of the Ss %referred co(o%erative ban:s as their
ban:ers.
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=.15 FREUENCY OF SUSCRIPTION
0he collection of fre>uent subscri%tion is a :e determinant in increasin, the
savin,s. 0able 1! shows the res%ondents o%inion about the fre>uenc of the
subscri%tion.
TA,E ( 13
Fre)uen* o' SuB"ription
S. 6o. /re>uenc 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
7ee:l
/ortni,htl
9onthl
0otal
22
1&
11+
14.!$
12.++
$3.33
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is inferred from 0able 1! that 14.!$ %er cent of the Ss collect
subscri%tion wee:l 12 %er cent fortni,htl and $3.33 %er cent of the Ss collect
subscri%tion monthl.
9a#orit of the Ss collect subscri%tion amount monthl from their
members.
=.16 A-OUNT OF SUSCRIPTION
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-mount of subscri%tion varies from one ,rou% to another ,rou%. 0able 1$
reveals the amount of monthl subscri%tion collected from their members.
TA,E ( 15
Amount o' -ont$l* SuB"ription
S. 6o. Subscri%tion Per
an:
6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
elow Rs.4+
Rs.41(Rs.5+
9ore than 5+
0otal
1&
35
)$
12.++
23.33
!4.!$
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is inferred from 0able 1$ accordin, to the 12 %er cent of the res%ondents
their monthl subscri%tion amount is below Rs.4+. Ss which are collectin, a
monthl subscri%tion of Rs.41(5+ and more than Rs.5+ amount to 23.33 %er cent and
!4.!$ %er cent res%ectivel.
9a#orit of the Ss ?!4.!$@A collect monthl subscri%tion of more than
Rs.5+.
=.18 OPINION ON SOCIA, (E,FARE PROGRA--ES OF SHGS
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0able 1& shows the o%inion of res%ondent=s welfare %ro,rammes of Ss.
TA,E ( 16
Opinion on Soial (el'are Pro%ramme" o' SHG"
S. 6o. "%inion 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
Bes
6o
0otal
!)
&1
4!
54
15+ 1++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is inferred from 0able 1& that 4! %er cent of the res%ondents are or,ani*in,
the social welfare %ro,rammes and the remainin, 54 %er cent are not conductin, the
social welfare %ro,rammes.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?54@A are not conductin, the social welfare
%ro,rammes.
=.&: TYPES OF SOCIA, (E,FARE PROGRA--ES
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0he social welfare %ro,rammes contain man awareness %ro,rammes li:e
-IDS awareness %o%ulation awareness and so on. 0able 1) reveals the t%es of social
welfare %ro,rammes underta:en b Ss.
TA,E ( 18
T*pe" o' Soial (el'are
S. 6o. 0%es 6o. of
Res%ondents
Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
4
-IDS -wareness
Pollution -wareness
Po%ulation -wareness
-nti Dowr Sstem
0otal
12
$5
25
3&
&.++
5+.++
1!.!$
25.33
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 1) reveals that & %er cent of the Ss have or,ani*ed -IDS awareness
%ro,rammes 5+ %er cent of the Ss or,ani*ed %ollution awareness %ro,rammes
1!.!$ %er cent of the Ss or,ani*ed %o%ulation awareness %ro,rammes and 25.33
%er cent of the Ss or,ani*ed anti(dowr %ro,rammes.
0wo(fourth of the ?5+@A Ss have or,ani*ed %ollution awareness
%ro,rammes.
=.&1 OPINION OF -E-ERS AOUT THE ENEFITS RECEI/ED FRO-
SHGS
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0able 2+ shows the o%inion of members about the benefits received from
Ss.
TA,E ( &:
Opinion o' -emBer" aBout t$e ene'it" Reeive 'rom SHG"
S. 6o. "%inion 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
Bes
6o
0otal
13&
12
)2
&
15+ 1++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is inferred from 0able 2+ that )2 %er cent of the members of Ss have
received benefits from Ss and remainin, & %er cent have received no benefit from
Ss.
9ore than four(fifth ?)2@A of the members have received benefits from Ss.
=.&& TYPE OF ENEFITS
In order to :now the t%e of benefits received from Ss arrett=s Ran:in,
0echni>ue has been used.
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Garrett;" Ran
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usin, the above formula the 0able value has been calculated as follows.
Ran: 'alculated alue arrett=s 0able alue
1 $3
2 5$
3 44
4 2$
Sore" o' Garrett;" Ranue.
TA,E ( &&
Sore" o' T*pe" o' ene'it" # Garrett;" Ran
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TA,E ( &0
ProBlem" Fae B* t$e -emBer"
S. 6o. "%inion 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
Bes
6o
0otal
5+
1++
33.33
!!.!$
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
/rom the above table 24 it is understood that 33.33 %er cent of the res%ondents
are facin, %roblems as a member of Ss and the remainin, !!.!$ %er cent of the
res%ondents are not facin, an %roblem as a member of S.
9ore than two(third of the members of Ss are not facin, an %roblems.
=.&0 NATURE OF PRO,E-S
In order to :now the nature of %roblems faced b the members the arrett=s
Ran:in, 0echni>ue has been used.
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Garrett;" Ran
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Ri#K Ran: iven for the ithariables b the #thRes%ondents.
6#K 6umer of ariables Ran:ed b #thRes%ondents.
usin, the above formula the 0able value has been calculated as follows.
/ollowsJ
Ran: 'alculated alue arrett=s 0able alue
11++?1 +.5A
1+5
= $5
21++ ?2 +.5A
3+5
= !+
3 1++?3 +.5A 5+5
= 5+
41++ ?4 +.5A
$+5
= 4+
51++?5 +.5A
)+5
= 25
Sore" o' Garrett Ranue.
TA,E ( &3
Sore" o' ProBlem" Fae B* -emBer"
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S.
No.Difficulties
RankTotal
1 2 3 4 5
1. Inconvenient to -ttend the 9eetin,$5
+
42
+
!5
+
4+
+
25
+24$+
2. Inconvenient to -ttend the 0rainin,
Pro,ramme
)$
5
54
+
5+
+
3!
+
22
52!++
3. 0here is no Sco%e for ;%ressin, the
0hou,hts
52
5
)+
+
55
+
24
+
2$
524)+
4. -utocratic Leadershi% &2
5
4&
+
45
+
4&
+
25
+24&5
5. 'onflicts -mon, the 9embers !$
5
!!
+
35
+
52
+
25
+2455
SourceJ Primar Data.
Garrett;" Ran
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S.
6o.0%es
0otal
Score-vera,e 0otal
1
2
3
4
5
Inconvenient to -ttend 0rainin,
Pro,ramme
0here is no Sco%e for ;%ressin, the
0hou,hts
-utocratic Leadershi%
Inconvenient to -ttend 9eetin,
'onflicts -mon, the 9embers
2!++
24)+
24&5
24$+
2455
52.++
4).&+
4).$+
4).4+
4).1+
I
II
III
I
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is seen from 0able 2$ that amon, five %roblems faced b the members
inconvenient to attend the trainin, %ro,ramme ,ot the first ran: followed b there is
no sco%e for e;%ressin, the thou,hts autocratic leadershi% inconvenient to attend the
meetin, and conflicts amon, the members. -mon, the various %roblems faced b
members inconvenient to attend the trainin, %ro,ramme to%s the list followed b
there is no sco%e for e;%ressin, the thou,hts.
=.&2 ATTITUDE OF -E-ERS REGARDING THE PERFOR-ANCE OF
SHGS
0able 2& ,ives the attitude of members re,ardin, the %erformance of the Ss.
TA,E ( &6
Attitue o' -emBer" Re%arin% Per'ormane o' SHG"
S. 6o. -ttitude 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
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1
2
ood
9oderate
0otal
125
25
&3.33
1!.!$
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 2& reveals that &3.33 %er cent of the members feel that the %erformance
of the Ss are ,ood and the remainin, 1!.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents feel that the
%erformance is moderate.
9a#orit of the members ?&3.33@A feel that the %erformances of the Ss are
,ood.
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CHAPTER I/
OPINION OF -E-ERS TO(ARDS ,OAN AND TRAINING
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Loan orrowed from the rou%
4.3 6umber of 0imes the San,ha Loan Received
4.4 Re%ament of San,ha Loan
4.5 Pur%ose of Receivin, San,ha Loan
4.! "%inion about Re(%ament Procedure
4.$ 0rainin, Pro,ramme -ttended
4.& -nalsis of sefulness of 0rainin, Pro,rammes
4.) "%inion about the 0rainin, Pro,ramme
4.1+ Level of Satisfaction with 0rainin, Pro,ramme
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0.1 INTRODUCTION
- ma#or trust in recent ears in im%rovin, the lives of women fol: and
alleviatin, rural %overt throu,h the 6on(overnmental or,ani*ations ?6"sA in
India in %romotin, finance throu,h self hel% ,rou%s b increasin, man trainin,
%ro,rammes are conducted throu,h 6"s.
In this cha%ter an attem%t has been made to stud the amount of loan borrowed
from the ,rou% number of times the san,ha loan received re%ament of san,ha loan
%ur%ose of receivin, san,ha loan re%ament %rocedure difficulties of re%ament
trainin, %ro,ramme attended o%inion about the trainin, %ro,rammes level of
satisfaction of trainin, %ro,ramme and the li:e.
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0.& ,OAN ORRO(ED FRO- THE GROUP
0he distribution of sam%le res%ondents on the basis of amount of ,rou% than
borrowed b each res%ondent is shown in 0able 2).
TA,E ( &8
,OAN ORRO(ED FRO- THE GROUP
S .6o. Loan -mount 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
4
Less than Rs.1++++
Rs.1++++ C 5++++
Rs.5+++1 C 1+++++
9ore than Rs.1+++++
0otal
41
&1
15
13
2$.33
54.++
1+.++
&.!$
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data
It is inferred from 0able 2) that 2$.33 %er cent of the res%ondents have
borrowed less than Rs. 1++++ 54 %er cent of the res%ondents have borrowed Rs.
1++++(5++++ 1+ %er cent of the res%ondents have borrowed Rs. 5+++1(1+++++
and &.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents have borrowed more than Rs. 1+++++.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?54@A have borrowed Rs. 1++++ to Rs. 5++++
from the ,rou%.
0.=NU-ER OF TI-ES THE SANGHA ,OAN RECEI/ED
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0he S %rovides San,ha Loans to the members. 9ore over there is no limit
to the number of times of ,ettin, this loan.
TA,E ( =:
NumBer o' Time" San%$a ,oan Reeive
S .6o. 6umber of 0imes 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
4
Less than 5 0imes
5(1+ 0imes
1+(15 0imes
-bove 15 0imes
0otal
2$
)&
1)
!
1&.++
!5.33
12.!$
4.++
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 3+ reveals that 1& %er cent of the res%ondents have received san,ha loans
less than five times !5.33 %er cent of the res%ondents have received five to ten time
12.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents ten to fifteen times and 4 %er cent of the res%ondents
have received more than 15 times.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?!5.33@A have ,ot loan 5(1+ times.
0.0 REPAY-ENT OF SANGHA ,OAN
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Re%ament of San,ha Loan is to be made %ro%erl. 0he re%ament amount
consists of interest and %rinci%al. 0he S made it com%ulsor that re%ament of
interest should be made either wee:l or monthl. ut the %rinci%al amount can be
re%aid monthl once in si; months or once in the ear. 0able 31 shows the details of
%eriod of re%ament of San,ha loan.
TA,E (=1
Repa*ment o' San%$a ,oan
S .6o. Period of Re%ament 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
4
"nce in a 7ee:
"nce in a 9onth
"nce in Si; 9onths
"nce in a Bear
0otal
5
112
13
2+
3.33
$4.!$
&.!$
13.33
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 31 e;%lains that 3.33 %er cent of the res%ondents re%a the loan once in a
wee: $4.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents re%a the loan once in a month &.!$ %er cent
of the res%ondents re%a the loan once in si; months and 13.33 %er cent of the
res%ondents re%a the loan once in a ear.
9ore than three(fifth of the res%ondents ?$4.!$@A %refer to re%a the loan once
in a month.
0.2 PURPOSE OF RECEI/ING SANGHA ,OAN
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S are formed to satisf the needs of their members. 0he have some
s%ecific %ur%ose. 0he received San,ha Loans to achieve their %ur%ose. 0able 32
shows %ur%ose of receivin, loan b its members.
TA,E (=&
Purpo"e o' Reeivin% San%$a ,oan
S .6o. Pur%ose 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
3
4
5
ducation
9edical
-,riculture
usiness
-ll
0otal
5!
3&
2$
1)
1+
3$.33
25.33
1&.++
12.!$
!.!$
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 32 reveals that 3$.33 %er cent of the res%ondents have used San,h Loan
for education 25.33 %er cent of the res%ondents have used San,ha Loan to meet out
medical e;%enditure 1& %er cent of the res%ondents have used San,ha Loan for
a,riculture 12.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents have used San,ha Loan for business and
!.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents have used San,ha Loan for all %ur%ose.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?3$.33@A have used San,ha Loan for education
%ur%ose.
0.3 OPINION AOUT RE7PAY-ENT PROCEDURE
0able 33 shows the o%inion of members about Re(%ament %rocedure.
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TA,E ( ==
Opinion aBout Re7pa*ment Proeure
S. 6o. "%inion 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
Satisfied
6ot(satisfied
0otal
112
3&
$4.!$
25.33
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data
0able 33 reveals that $4.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents have been satisfied
with the re%ament %rocedure and the remainin, 25.33 %er cent of the res%ondents
have been not satisfied with the re%ament %rocedure.
9ore than three(fifth of the res%ondents ?$4.!$@A have been satisfied with the
loan re%ament %rocedure.
0.5 TRAINING PROGRA--E ATTENDED
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0he res%ondents are attendin, trainin, %ro,rammes. 0he trainin, %ro,rammes
are s%onsored b heads 6"s and ban:s. 'lassification of res%ondents on the basis
of trainin, %ro,rammed attended b the member is shown in 0able 34
TA,E (=0
Trainin% Pro%ramme Attene
S. 6o. Particulars 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
12
-ttended6ot(-ttended
0otal
141)
)4!
15+ 1++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 34 shows that )4 %er cent of the res%ondents have attended trainin,
%ro,rammes and the remainin, ! %er cent of the res%ondents have not attended the
trainin, %ro,ramme.
9ost of the res%ondents ?)4@A have attended trainin, %ro,rammes.
0.6 ANAYSIS OF USEFU,NESS OF TRAINING PROGRA--ES
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In order to :now the usefulness of trainin, %ro,rammes the members have been
as:ed to ran: the various uses of trainin, %ro,rammes.
0he members have been as:ed to ran: the followin, uses of trainin,
%ro,rammes.
'han,e m carrier
Pave wa for income ,eneration
-ids to ma:e %lan for future
-ids to have some solution to m %roblems
6ot(useful
0able 35 shows the res%onses of the members re,ardin, the benefits of
trainin, %ro,ramme.
TA,E (=2
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Percent Position K
Ri# K Ran: ,iven for the ith variable b the #th res%ondents.
6# K 6umber of variable ran:ed b the #th res%ondents.
usin, the above formula the 0able values were calculated as follows.
Ran: 'alculated alue arrett=s 0able alue
11++?1 +.5A
1+5
= $5
21++ ?2 +.5A
3+5
= !+
3
1++?3 +.5A5+
5
=
5+
41++ ?4 +.5A
$+5
= 4+
51++?5 +.5A
)+5
= 25
Sore" o' Garrett;" Ranue.
TA,E (=3
Sore" o' U"e'ulne"" o' Trainin% Pro%ramme # Garrett;" Ran
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S .No. BenefitsRank
Total1 2 3 4 5
1. 'han,e 9 'arrier 2)2
5
13&
+
15+
+
124
+
45
+$4)5
2. Pave 7a for Income
eneration
225
+
2!4
+$++ $!+
&5
+$2++
3. -ids to ma:e Plan for /uture 2+2
5
1!&
+
1!5
+
1++
+
$+
+$+55
4. -ids to have Some Solution to
9 Problems
21+
+
1&+
+
1$+
+&&+
!$
5$155
5. 6ot(useful 12$
5)!+
15+
+
1$!
+
&5
+!345
SourceJ Primar Data.
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U"e'ulne"" o' Trainin% Pro%ramme # Garrett;" Ran
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TA,E (=6
Opinion aBout t$e Trainin% Pro%ramme
S. 6o. "%inion 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
1
2
Satisfied
6ot(satisfied
0otal
141
)
)4
!
15+ 1++
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 3& reveals that )4 %er cent of the res%ondents have been satisfied with
the trainin, %ro,ramme and the remainin, ! %er cent of the res%ondents have not been
satisfied with the trainin, %ro,ramme.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?)4@A have been satisfied with the trainin,
%ro,rammes.
0.1: ,E/E, OF SATISFACTION (ITH TRAINING PROGRA--E
0able 3) e;%resses the res%ondents= o%inion about the level of satisfaction with
trainin, %ro,amme.
TA,E (=8
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,evel o' Sati"'ation +it$ Trainin% Pro%ramme
S. 6o. Level of Satisfaction 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A
12
3
Low9edium
i,h
0otal
)4
13$
!.++2.!$
)1.33
15+ 1++.++
SourceJ Primar Data.
It is seen from the 0able 3) that ! %er cent of the res%ondents have low level of
satisfaction 2.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents have medium level of satisfaction and
)1.33 %er cent of the res%ondents have hi,h level of satisfaction.
9ore than four(fifth of the res%ondents ?)1.33@A have hi,h level of satisfaction
with the trainin, %ro,rammes.
CHAPTER /
(O-EN E-PO(ER-ENT THROUGH SHG
5.1 Introduction
5.2 9easurin, m%owerment
5.3 conomic m%owerment
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5.4 Social m%owerment
5.5 /amil m%owerment
5.! Individual m%owerment
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5.1 INTRODUCTION
7omen in India are victims of a multi%le socio(economic and cultural factors.
manci%ation of women is a %re re>uisite for a nation=s economic develo%ment and
socio u%liftment. 0he role of women and the need to em%ower them are central to
human develo%ment %ro,rammes includin, %overt alleviation. In s%ite of safe,uards
%rovided in man of the %overt alleviation %ro,rammes it was observed that women
in rural areas es%eciall from %oor families could not be benefited. 0he Self el%
rou% ?SsA is a viable or,ani*ed set u% to disburse micro(credit to the rural women
for the %ur%ose of ma:in, them enter%risin, and encoura,in, to enter into
entre%reneurial activities. 0he formation of S is not ultimatel a micro(credit
%ro#ect but an em%owerment %rocess1=.
- Self el% rou% is a self ,overned %eer controlled small and informal
association of the %oor usuall from socio(economicall homo,eneous families who
are or,ani*ed around savin,s and credit activities10. Ss are not charit or sim%l
communit(based ,rou%s. 0he are made and controlled b the %eo%le affected. Ss
are built on the stren,th of their members.
Self el% rou%s have emer,ed are %o%ular movement of encoura,in, the
conce%t of self em%loment. 0he emer,ed as a result of industriali*ation the
brea:down of the :inshi% sstem and the li:e. 0his movement stems from the %eo%le=s
1313. 0.Ramachandran and ala:rishan Impat o' Sel'7Help Group" on (omen;" Empo+erment8
Guru:shetra December 2++& %.31.
1414. 9ohamed -bdullah -. (omen Empo+erment T$rou%$ SHG8 0amil 6adu Hournal of 'o(o%eration
Hune 2++& %.55.
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desire to meet their needs and determine their own destinies throu,h the %rinci%le of
b the %eo%le for the %eo%le and of the %eo%le8.
In the Indian conte;t where a,riculture is still %redominant women
entre%reneurshi% has two dimensionsJ Rural entre%reneurshi% and rban
entre%reneurshi%. In rural conditions with women literac rate still low enter%rises
creation is loo:ed more as a source to su%%lement famil income. 9an of rural
women fol: alread en,a,e themselves in weavin, handicraft ma:in, a,ro(allied
activities and the li:e but these are ta:en as secondar activities onl. 0he S
movement in India es%eciall in states li:e 0amil 6adu has come of a,e and thou,h
men also can for Ss the term has become snonmous with women ,rou%s. 0oda
S movement has ac>uired more than one ob#ective. 0o alleviate %overt in rural
areas and also to em%ower women %articularl the rural and semi(urban fol:s. 0he
S is now acce%ted as a sustainable social %rocess to ensure m%owerment at the
rass Root8 but social m%owerment is not %ossible without economic
em%owerment12.
5.2 -EASURING E-PO(ER-ENT
1515. 9ohamed -bdullah -. (omen Empo+erment t$rou%$ SHG8 0amil 6adu Hournal 'o(o%eration Hune
2++& %.5$.
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0he %ur%ose of formin, S is said to be achieved onl if the beneficiaries F
entre%reneurs are em%owered.
ere an attem%t is made to analses the e;tent of em%owerment in the
followin, as%ects.
conomic m%owerment
Individual m%owerment
/amil m%owerment and
Social m%owerment
5.3 ECONO-IC E-PO(ER-ENT
0he Ss can ,et si*eable %rofits from its o%erations onl when the members
are stimulated to e;%and the income levels au,ment the em%loment o%%ortunities b
wa of ,reater out%ut of ,oods and services %roduced. 0he economic em%owerment of
the members is said be attained when the societ im%roves the >ualit of members life
increasin, %er ca%ital income reducin, %overt enhancin, individual economic
o%%ortunities better education and a richer cultural life. Self el% rou%s have come
into e;istence in a bi, wa in various business o%erations at local F communit levels.
9an %eo%le from ever corner have a%%lauded its ,rowth and develo%ment ,loball.
In India too Ss have contributed for the economic em%owerment of the members
as well as societ as a whole.
0he im%ortance of women to the economic develo%ment of India was first
reco,ni*ed durin, the countr=s stru,,le for inde%endence. m%owerment is social
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action %rocess that %romotes %artici%ation of %eo%le or,ani*ation and communities in
,ainin, control over their lives in their communit. 0here is an ur,ent need of
em%owerin, women es%eciall in rural areas. 0he formation of Self el% rou% will
enhance their socio economic %osition in the societ.
Small loans can ma:e ,ood business amon, women. 7omen stand to ,ain a lot
from S because it ,ives them an inde%endent means of ,eneratin, wealth and
becomin, self(reliant in a societ. arious case studies show that there is a %ositive
correlation between credit availabilit and women=s em%owerment.
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5.3.1 -ONTH,Y INCO-E OF THE FA-I,Y
9onthl income of the famil was anal*ed to ascertain whether there is an
si,nificant im%rovement in the income of the famil after becomin, a member of the
S. So a com%arison was made between monthl income before and after becomin,
a member of the unit. 0able 4+ de%icts the monthl income of the famil before and
after becomin, a beneficiar of the S.
TA,E (0:
-ont$l* Inome o' t$e Famil* Be'ore an a'ter eomin% -emBer
S .6o.
9onthl income of the famil
?in RsA
6umber of eneficiaries
efore becomin, a
9ember
-fter becomin, a
9ember
1 Less than Rs.5++!)
?4!@A
3&
?25.33@A
2 Rs. 5++ C Rs. 1+++44
?2).33@A
$5
?5+@A
3 Rs.1++1 C Rs. 2+++22
?14.!$@A
25
?1!.!$@A
4 9ore than Rs. 2+++15
?1+@A
12
?&@A
0otal 15+
?1++@A
15+
?1++@A
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 4+ reveals that before becomin, a member of the S 4! %er cent
families had an income of less than Rs.5++ 2).33 %er cent had an income between
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Rs.5++ ( Rs.1+++ 14.!$ %er cent had their income between Rs.1++1 ( Rs.2+++ and 1+
%er cent of the families had a monthl income of above Rs.2+++. efore becomin, a
member of Ss ma#orit of the families had and below as their income Rs.5++.
-fter becomin, a member of the S the number of families havin, monthl
income of less than Rs.5++ is decreased from 4! %er cent to 25.33 %er cent. 0he
number of families havin, monthl income between Rs.5++ ( Rs.1+++ and between
Rs.1+++ ( 2+++ has increased from 2).33 %er cent to 5+ %er cent and 14.!$ %er cent to
1!.!$ %er cent res%ectivel. 0he number of families havin, monthl income of more
than Rs.2+++ is decreased from 1+ %er cent to & %er cent. -fter becomin, a member of
Ss considerable increase has been affected as income between Rs.5++ ( Rs.1+++.
5.3.2 /alue o' Hou"e$ol A""et"
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Possession of various assets and e>ui%ments and their value tells u%on the
welfare of an individual and famil. -ssets include Radio 0a% recorder 0 /rid,e
Sewin, machine 0ele%hone and the li:e. 0able 41 e;hibits the value of household
assets %ossessed b beneficiaries before and after becomin, a member of S.
TA,E (01
/alue o' Hou"e$ol A""et" O+ne B* -emBer"
S .6o. alue of ousehold assets
?in RsA
6umber of eneficiaries
efore becomin, a
9ember
-fter becomin, a
9ember
1 Less than Rs.25+++!3
?42@A
5+
?33.33@A
2 Rs. 25+++ C Rs. 5++++3&
?25.33@A
5+
?33.33@A
3 Rs.5+++1 C Rs. 1+++++
3$
?24.!$@A
3$
?24.!$@A
4 9ore than Rs. 1+++++12
?&@A
13
?&.!$@A
0otal15+
?1++@A
15+
?1++@A
SourceJ Primar Data.
0he 0able 41 shows that before becomin, a member 42 %er cent of
beneficiaries %ossessed assets worth less than Rs.25+++ 25.33 %er cent owned assets
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worth Rs.25+++ to Rs.5++++ 24.!$ %er cent owned assets worth Rs.5+++1 to
Rs.1+++++ and & %er cent owned assets worth above Rs.1+++++. efore becomin, a
member of S ma;imum %ercenta,e of beneficiaries owned assets worth less than
Rs.25+++.
-fter becomin, a member 33.33 %er cent of beneficiaries %ossessed assets
worth less than Rs.25+++ 33.33 %er cent owned assets worth Rs.25+++ to Rs.5++++
24.!$ %er cent owned assets worth Rs.5+++1 to Rs.1+++++ and &.!$ %er cent owned
assets worth above Rs.1+++++. -fter becomin, a member of S the families
%ossessin, assets worth between Rs.25+++ to Rs.5++++ has increased from 25.33 %er
cent to 33.33 %er cent.
5.4 SOCIA, E-PO(ER-ENT
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Social em%owerment is e;%licit throu,h the abilit to s%ea: in %ublic the
coura,e to raise voice a,ainst social in#ustice :nowled,e about the laws to %rotect and
defend women and the li:e influence the %osition of women in the societ. In order to
measure the de,ree of em%owerment variables have been identified and anal*ed.
0able 42 shows the social em%owerment of the members.
TA,E (0&
Soial Empo+erment
S.
6o.
ariables6umber of beneficiaries Scores
Bes
0o
some
e;tent
6o 0otal 0otal -vera,e
1. Public s%ea:in, abilit 54 &$ ) 15+ 343 5$.1$
2. Partici%ation in election
cam%ai,nin,
1+ & 132 15+ 1$& 2).!$
3. tili*e the o%%ortunit to
contest in elections
4 11 135 15+ 1!) 2&.1$
4. ;%ress our own o%inion
in a meetin, F in a
discussion
4! )) 5 15+ 341 5!.&3
5. Raise voice a,ainst
in#ustice
25 )4 31 15+ 2)4 4)
!. Gnowled,e about the
laws to %rotect and defend
women
4+ 1++ 1+ 15+ 33+ 55
$. 0ravel alone at ni,ht 52 &5 13 15+ 33) 5!.5
0otal avera,e score 4$.4&
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 42 reveals that the hi,hest avera,e score ?5$.1$A was earned b the
variable E%ublic s%ea:in, abilit= and the lowest ?2&.1$A b the variable Eutili*e the
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o%%ortunit to contest in elections=. 0he other variables in the order of de,ree of
em%owerment are E;%ress our own o%inion in a meetin, in a discussion= ?5!.&3A
E0ravel alone even at ni,ht= ?5!.5A E:nowled,e about the laws to %rotect and defend
women= ?55A= raise voice a,ainst in#ustice= ?4)A and E%artici%ation in election
cam%ai,nin,= ?2).!$A. 0he total avera,e score for entire social em%owerment
variables is 4$.4&. ence the social em%owerment achieved b S members is
moderate.
5.5 FA-I,Y E-PO(ER-ENT
;tent of %ower of decision ma:in, in the famil freedom in s%endin,
freedom to attend social functions and the li:e determine the %osition of women in the
famil. In order to assess how far Ss hel% their beneficiaries to im%rove their
%osition in their famil and thereb em%ower themselves ! variables were selected.
0hese variables include freedom to s%end earnin,s decide the mode of savin,s
o%erate ban: accounts and attend social functions and %ower to ma:e im%ortant
decisions in the famil. 0able 43 shows the famil em%owerment of the members.
TA,E (0=
Famil* Empo+erment
ariables 6umber of Scores
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S.
6o.
beneficiaries
Bes
0o
some
e;tent
6o 0otal 0otal -vera,e
1. /reedom to s%end
earnin,s
)5 41 14 15+ 3+5 5+.&3
2. /reedom to decide mode
of savin,s
!! $) 5 15+ 2&) 4&.1$
3. /reedom to o%erate ban:
accounts
25 112 13 15+ 25+ 41.!$
4. /reedom to attend social
function
44 1++ ! 15+ 2$+ 45
5. /reedom to ta:e decision
relatin, to education of
children
1! 11) 15 15+ 241 4+.1$
!. Decisions relatin, to
%urchase of costl ca%ital
assets
2) $5 4! 15+ 22! 3$.!$
0otal avera,e score 43.)2SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 43 reveals that the hi,hest avera,e score ?5+.&3A was earned b the
variable Efreedom to s%end earnin,s= and the lowest ?3$.!$A b the variable Edecisions
relatin, to %urchase of costl ca%ital assets=. 0he other variables in the order of de,ree
of em%owerment are Efreedom to decide mode of savin,s= ?4&.1$A Efreedom to attend
social function= ?45A Efreedom to o%erate ban: accounts= ?41.!$A= and Efreedom to
ta:e decision relatin, to education of children= ?4+.1$A. 0he total avera,e score for
entire famil em%owerment variables is 43.)2. ence the famil em%owerment
achieved b S members is moderate.
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5.! INDI/IDUA, E-PO(ER-ENT
Individual em%owerment means achievin, self confidence better self
awareness leadershi% >ualit e;ercisin, decision ma:in, %ower and the li:e. S
%rovides an o%%ortunit to their beneficiaries to develo% these >ualities. In order to
assess how the beneficiaries are em%owered %ersonall b becomin, a member in
S $ variables were selected and anal*ed. 0able 44 shows the individual
em%owerment of the members.
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TA,E (00
Iniviual Empo+erment
S.
6o.
ariables
6umber of
beneficiariesScores
Bes
0o
some
e;tent
6o 0otal 0otal -vera,e
1. nhanced :nowled,e of
enter%rises
2) ) 112 15+ 21$ 3!.1$
2. 'onfidence to start own
enter%rises
1) 11 12+ 15+ 1)) 33.1$
3. el%ed in %ersonalit
develo%ment
31 && 31 15+ 3++ 5+
4. etter self awareness 25 11) ! 15+ 31) 53.1$
5. Leadershi%s >ualit 34 11+ ! 15+ 32& 54.!$
!. -bilit to face %roblems 21 125 4 15+ 31$ 52.&3
$. Decision ma:in, abilit 3+ 112 & 15+ 322 53.!$
0otal avera,e score 4$.!$
SourceJ Primar Data.
0able 44 reveals that the total avera,e score for the entire variables is 4$.!$.
-mon, the seven variables the de,ree of em%owerment was hi,h for the variable
Eleadershi%s >ualit= and low for Econfidence to start own enter%rises=. 0he avera,e
score amon, the variables varies between 33.1$ and 54.!$. 0he seven variables on the
basis of avera,e score have been arran,ed in the ascendin, order as Econfidence to
start own enter%rises ?33.1$A Enhanced :nowled,e of enter%rises ?3!.1$A Eel%ed in
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%ersonalit develo%ment= ?5+A Eabilit to face %roblems= ?52.&3A Eetter self
awareness= ?53.1$A EDecision ma:in, abilit= ?53.!$A and Eleadershi% >ualit= ?54.!$A.
Since the total avera,e score for the entire variables is 4$.!$ the individual
em%owerment achieved b the members throu,h Ss is moderate.
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CHAPTER /I
SU--ARY OF FINDINGS! SUGGESTIONS AND CONC,USION
!.1 Introduction
!.2 Summar of /indin,s
!.3 Su,,estions
!.4 'onclusion
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3.1 INTRODUCTION
0he formation of Self el% rou%s is hi,hl useful for women. It hel%s them to
earn mone. 0he can earn mone easil doin, some activities at home itself. 0here is
no need for them to ,o for em%loment to other %laces. - woman %rovides
em%loment to other %eo%le throu,h S. 0he ban:ers also come forward to ,ive
loan to women at low interest rate.
0his cha%ter is attem%ts to anal*e and %resent the summar of findin,s and to
offer su,,estions based on findin,s.
3.& SU--ARY OF FINDINGS
0he findin,s of the stud are listed belowJ
3.&.1 Per"onal Detail"
9ore than two(fifth of the members are in the a,e ,rou% of 3!(45 ears.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?&!.!$@A are married.
9ore than three(fifth ?!2@A of the members are educated u%to %rimar level.
9ore than two(fifth ?4!@A of the res%ondents= occu%ation is a,riculture and
coolie.
3.&.& -emBer"$ip an Group Detail"
9ost of the Ss ?&3.3@A are in %anchaat area.
9a#orit of the Ss ?!2.!$@A are involved in -,riculture oriented activities.
9a#orit of the members ?5&@A are motivated throu,h ins%iration from other
members.
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9ore than four(fifths ?&&.!$@A of the res%ondents are not facin, an %roblem
to become a member in the S.
Problem of Demandin, more mone and ,rou% domination are the ma#or
%roblems faced b the members.
9a#orit of the members ?!+@A of their famil members have not %artici%ated
in the activities of the Ss.
9ore than four(fifths of the res%ondents ?&$.33@A feel that the ,rou% accounts
are maintained %ro%erl b the ,rou% leader.
9ore than four(fifths of the res%ondents feel that the accounts are %ro%erl
submitted to the members.
9ore than three(fifths of the S ?$4.!$@A collect savin,s amount ever
wee:.
9ore than three(fourth ?&&@A of the res%ondents the monthl savin,s %er
,rou% is less than Rs.2+++.
9ore than three(fifths of the Ss %referred co(o%erative ban:s as their
ban:ers.
9a#orit of the Ss ?$3.33@A collect subscri%tion amount monthl from their
members.
9a#orit of the Ss ?!4.!$@A collect monthl subscri%tion of more than
Rs.5+.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?54@A are not conductin, the social welfare
%ro,rammes.
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alf of the Ss ?5+@A have or,ani*ed %ollution awareness %ro,rammes.
9a#orit ?)2@A of the members have received benefits from Ss.
0he t%e of benefits received from Ss has been anal*ed b arrett=s
ran:in, techni>ue. 0he main benefits received from the ,rou% have been Esco%e of
becomin, an entre%reneur= followed b Eincreased self awareness=.
9ore than two(thirds ?!!.!$@A of the members of Ss are facin, %roblems.
-mon, the various %roblems faced b members Einconvenience to attend the
meetin,= to%s the list followed b Ethere is no sco%e for e;%ressin, the thou,hts=.
9a#orit of the members ?&3.33@A feel that the %erformances of the Ss are
,ood.
3.&.= ,oan
9ore than half of the res%ondents ?54@A borrowed Rs.1++++ to Rs.5++++ from
the ,rou%.
9ore than two(fourths of the res%ondents ?!5.33@A ,ot loans 5(1+ times from
the ,rou%.
9ore than three(fifths of the res%ondents ?$4.!$@A %refer to re%a the loan
once in a month.
9ore than one(fifth of the res%ondents ?3$.33@A have used loan for education
%ur%ose.
$4.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents were satisfied with the loan re%ament
%rocedure.
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3.&.0 Trainin%
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?)4@A have attended trainin, %ro,rammes.
0he benefits of trainin, %ro,rammes have been anal*ed b arrett=s ran:in,
techni>ue. 0he main benefits of trainin, %ro,ramme are useful to Echan,e their
carrier= followed b E%ave the wa for income ,eneration=.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?)4@A have been satisfied with the trainin,
%ro,rammes.
9a#orit of the res%ondents ?)1.33@A have hi,h level of satisfaction with the
trainin, %ro,rammes.
3.&.2 ,evel o' Empo+erment
efore becomin, a member of Ss ma#orit of the families had an income of
Rs.5++ and below. -fter becomin, a member of Ss the number of families havin,
a monthl income of less than Rs.5++ decreased from 4! %er cent to 25.33 %er cent.
efore becomin, a member of S ma;imum number of beneficiaries owned
assets worth less than Rs.25 +++. -fter becomin, a member the families %rocessin,
assets worth between Rs.25 +++ ( Rs.5+ +++ have increased from 25.33 %er cent to
33.33 %er cent.
0he social em%owerment achieved b S members is moderate.
m%owerment achieved b the members in their famil was moderate.
0he individual em%owerment achieved b the members throu,h Ss is
moderate.
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3.= SUGGESTIONS
1. 0he Ss should create awareness amon, the members about different
schemes available for women.
2. 0here are difficult formalities to ,et loans from ban:s. ence ste%s should be
ta:en to sim%lif the %rocedures.
3. 0here should be an effective su%ervision over the utili*ation of loan.
4. 0he ,rou% a%%roach is needed to brin, the de%rived women to,ether for the
%ur%ose of income ,eneration.
5. 0he accounts of Ss should be maintained %ro%erl b them. 0he 6"s
should chec: the accounts at re,ular intervals.
!. 0he overnment should ta:e ste%s to reserve some of the business activities for
women Ss.
$. 9ore motivation can be %rovided to the ,rou% members.
&. 0here should be an ade>uate co(o%eration within the ,rou%.
). 0he number of self em%loment activities should be increased.
1+.0he ,overnment should %rovide more financial assistance to 6"s and Ss
for raisin, the socio economic status of women.
11.overnment should %rovide loans at low rate of interest must be sanctioned to
them on their own ca%acit and securit without an hurdle.
12. 0rainin, at re,ular intervals to ,rou% members on self(mana,ement as%ect ma
be im%arted with the hel% of e;%erienced resource %ersons.
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3.0 CONC,USION
m%owerin, women in %re(re>uisite for creatin, a ,ood nation when women
are em%owerment societ with stabilit is assured. m%owerin, of women is
essential as their thou,hts and their value sstems lead the develo%ment of a ,ood
famil ,ood societ and ultimatel a ,ood nation. Ins%ite of various constitutional
safe,uards and le,islative measures as well as number of %ro,rammes and %olicies
initiated b the ,overnment for the betterment of women no si,nificant develo%ment
too: %lace in the socio(economic conditions of women and the are still la,,in,
behind men in their %artici%ation in the %rocess of develo%ment. 7ithout the full and
e>ual %artici%ation of women there can be no sustainable human develo%ment. Low
socio(economic status of women and less em%owerment of women is an intense socio(
economic %roblem not onl at national level but also at the ,lobal level that re>uires a
lon,(term multi(%ron,ed strate, to be carried on continuousl.
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ILI"R-PB
OOS
1. asant Desai. Rural Development in Inia! Pa"t! Pre"ent an Future # A
C$allen%e in t$e Cri"i" imalaa Publishin, house 2++5 9umbai.
2. Soundara%andian 9. Rural Inu"trie" in Inia 9ohit Publications 1)))
6ew Delhi.
3. 9aha#an .S. (omen;" ContriBution to Inia;" Eonomi an Soial
Development Dee% and Dee% Publications 1)&) 6ew Delhi.
4. 0hanulin,om 6. Re"ear$ -et$oolo%* imalaa Publishin, ouse Delhi
1)&5.
5. Pillai R.S.6. Stati"ti T$eor* an Pratie S. 'hand and 'om%an Limited
2++1.
!. 9arilee Garl (omen an Empo+erment London *ed oo:s Limited 1))5.
4OURNA,S
1. -nton alsmma ducation and m%lomentJ the :e to 7omen
m%owerment= uru
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4. Sinha and 'handni ducation and m%owerment of 7omen8 T$ir
Conept ol.21 6o.243 2++$ %. 5+.
5. Saantan era S Can: Lin:a,e Pro,ramme in India8 4ournal o'
Finaneol.III /ebruar 2++) %.2$.
!. -mar#eet Gour S and Rural Develo%ment8 uru
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GO/ERN-ENT PU,ICATIONS
- and oo: of /ormin, Ss C 6--RD.
Seven Ste%s 0owards ;cellent Loan Portfolio C 6--RD
Swarna#aanti ram Swaro*,av Bo#ana ?SSA
9ahalir 0hittam.
rou% /ormation Details /rom 'ollector "ffice 0uticorin.
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APPENDI # A
A STUDY ON (O-EN E-PO(ER-ENT THROUGH SE,F HE,P
GROUPS IN O/I,PATTI ,OC
INTER/IE( SCHEDU,E FOR -E-ERS
I PERSONA, PARTICU,ARS
1.1 6ame
1.2 -,e
aA elow 25 ears bA 2!(35 ears
cA 3!(45 ears dA -bove 45 ears
1.3 9arital Status
aA 9arried bA nmarried
1.4 ducational Mualification
aA Primar Level bA Secondar Level
'A De,ree Level dA Di%loma
1.5 "ccu%ation
aA -,riculture and bA 'oolies
-llied -ctivities
cA ousewife dA usiness
II -E-ERSHIP AND GROUP DETAI,S
2.1 6ame of the rou%
2.2 In which %lace the ,rou% is situatedN
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aA 9unici%al -rea bA Panchaat -rea
2.3 9ention the nature of activit of our ,rou%
aA Production "riented bA Service "riented
cA -,riculture oriented
2.4 7hat motivated ou to #oin as memberN
aA 6"=s bA an:=s
cA Ins%iration from
other members2.5 Do ou face an %roblem to become a memberN
aA Bes bA 6o
2.! If es mention the %roblems
aA Demandin, more mone
bA 9ore rules and re,ulations
cA rou% domination in S
2.$ 7hether the famil members F relatives %artici%ated in our ,rou%
aA Bes bA 6o
2.& 7hether our ,rou% leader maintains %ro%er accountsN
aA Bes bA 6o
2.) If es whether account statements are %eriodicall submitted to all
members or notN
aA Bes bA 6o
2.1+ 7hen do ou collect the savin,s amountN
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aA ver 7ee: bA /ortni,htl
cA 0hen and there
2.11 ow much does our ,rou% save %er monthN
aA Less than Rs.2+++ bA Rs.2+++ C Rs.3+++
2.12 7ho is our ,rou%s= ban:erN
aA 'o(o%erative an: bA Pandian rama an:
cA 6ationali*ed an:
2.13 /re>uenc of subscri%tion collection
aA 7ee:l bA /ortni,htl
cA 9onthl
2.14 -mount of subscri%tion
aA elow Rs.4+ bA Rs.41 C Rs.5+
cA 9ore than Rs.5+
2.15 -re ou doin, an social activitiesN
aA Bes bA 6o
2.1! If es mention the social activities
aA -IDS awareness bA Pollution awareness
cA Po%ulation awareness dA -nti dowr sstem
2.1$ Do ou feel the S is more beneficial to ouN
aA Bes bA 6o
2.1& If es in what wa it is beneficial to ouN ?Please Ran:A
aA Increase our famil income
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bA Sco%e for savin,s
cA Sco%e of becomin, an entre%reneur
dA Increase self awareness
2.1) -s a member of S do ou have an %roblemsN
aA Bes bA 6o
2.2+ If es mention the nature of the %roblem ?Please Ran:A
aA Inconvenient to attend the meetin,
bA Inconvenient to attend the trainin, %ro,ramme
cA 0here is no sco%e for e;%ressin, the thou,hts
dA -utocratic leadershi%
eA 'onflicts amon, the members
2.21 Bour overall attitude re,ardin, the %erformance of our S
aA ood bA 9oderate
III L"-6
3.1 9ention the amount borrowed b ou from our rou%J
aA Less than Rs.1++++ bA Rs.1++++ C Rs. 5++++
cA Rs. 5+++1 C Rs. 1+++++ dA 9ore than Rs. 1+++++
3.2 ow man times have ou receive san,ha loanN
aA Less than 5 times bA 5 C 1+ times
cA 1+ C 15 times dA -bove 1! times
3.3 ow did ou re%a san,ha loanN
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aA "nce in a wee: bA "nce in a month
cA "nce in si; months dA "nce in a ear
3.4 Please s%ecif the %ur%ose of receivin, san,ha loan
aA ducation bA 9edical
cA -,riculture dA usiness
eA -ll
3.5 -re ou satisfied with our re%ament %rocedureN
aA Bes bA 6o
I/. TRAINING
4.1 ave ou under,one an trainin, %ro,rammeN
aA Bes bA 6o
4.2 If es how is it useful to ou ?Please Ran:NA
aA 'han,e m carrier
bA Pave wa for income ,eneration
cA -ids to ma:e %lan for future
dA -ids to have some solution to m %roblems
eA 6ot useful
4.3 -re ou satisfied with the self(em%loment %ro,ramme offered to our ,rou%N
aA Bes bA 6o
4.4 If es to what e;tentN
aA Low bA 9edium
cA i,h
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/. ,E/E, OF E-PO(ER-ENT
?i@ Eonomi Empo+erment
5.1 7hat was our monthl income before #oinin, the SN
aA Less than Rs.5++ bA Rs.5++ C Rs.1+++
cA Rs.1++1 C Rs. 2+++ dA -bove Rs. 2+++
5.2 7hat was our monthl income after #oinin, the SN
aA Less than Rs. 5++ bA Rs. 5++ C Rs. 1+++
cA Rs. 1++1 C Rs. 2+++ dA -bove Rs. 2+++
5.3 7hat was the value of our household -ssets before becomin, a memberN
aA Less than Rs. 25+++ bA Rs.25+++ C Rs. 5++++
cA Rs. 5+++1 C Rs. 1+++++ dA -bove Rs. 1+++++
5.4 7hat is the %res