movies talk about movies. what genres are your favorites or least favorite? what movies or types of...
TRANSCRIPT
Movies
• Talk about movies. • What genres are your favorites or least
favorite? • What movies or types of movies do you
love or hate? • Describe your ideal movie watching
scenario.
“Film Unit”Fill in your notes outline
Difference between film and movies…
• Movies: Their purpose is to entertain us• Films: Leaves the viewer asking big
questions and struggling with issues– Crash?– Anchorman?– Grizzly Man?
For example…
Using those new definitions:• List your favorite movie (or several top
choices)• List a favorite film.
Movie Terms
• You are going to learn many new terms. Be sure you are organizing your notes so you have both the term and the definition.
Storyboard:
• Shows a drawing of each shot in the script
• Includes both the picture and sound directions.
Storyboard
• "There was not much written on the chase in the script. We had one page written on the sequence, but I wanted it to be seven to ten pages long. I wanted it to be the centerpiece of the movie. So rather than writing it, I sat down with my two sketch artists, David Jonas and Ed Verreaux and I just sort of made the whole chase up on paper from frame 1 to frame 405.”
- Steven Spielberg, on Raiders of the Lost Ark
Shot
• Basic unit of film
• One uninterrupted piece of celluloid without a cut.
Sequence
• A sequence is a number of shots put together to show an event
• Examples: The shower sequence from Psycho, the subway fight sequence in The Matrix.
Mise-en-Scene
• Technically means “in the frame.”
• It is a way to describe what the director has chosen to place in his/her frame.
• It includes actor’s positions, props, lighting, setting, and costumes.
Framing
• How the object will be positioned within the frame (or shot)
• Paper cameras!!!
Types of shots
• Establishing Shot• Long Shot• Medium Shot• Close-Up• Extreme Close-Up• In between
Establishing Shot
• Also known as ES
• Often coming at the beginning of a scene, the establishing shot sets the time and place of the action.
• It is often the outside of a building or a view of a city.
Long Shot
• Also known as LS
• A long shot is generally made from a sufficient distance to show a landscape, a building, or a large interior.– Or an entire person
• Often, an Establishing Shot is a Long Shot• PC: whole body
Medium Shot
• Also known as MS
• Generally, a medium shot leaves enough room in the frame to reveal full figures.
• It is also “waist up” involving several people.
• Most common and most natural in film• PC: waist up
Close-Up
• Also known as CU
• The image being shot, usually the face, takes up at least 60-80% of the frame.
• In a close-up, the whole object can still be seen.
• PC: Only my face, only my coffee cup
Extreme Close-Up
• Also known as an ECU
• A close up shot in which the full object cannot be seen – only a part of the object is revealed.
• Usually a part of a face (an eye, lips, etc.)
Hybrid = Term + Term
• Medium Close-Up– The shot is somewhere between the two; part
close-up and part medium shot
• Medium Long Shot– The shot is somewhere between a medium
shot and a long shot.– The viewer can see most of the body
Medium Close Up
Medium Close Up
Medium Long Shot
Medium Long Shot
Extreme Long Shot
Extreme Long Shot
Camera Angles
• Eye-level
• Low Angle
• High Angle
Eye-level
• Also known as EL
• 90-95% of a film is shot at eye-level because it is most natural
• The camera is even with the character’s eyes.
• PC: look eye level at the person sitting next to you
Low Angle Shot
• Also known as LA
• The camera looks up at what is being photographed, making the subject look larger than normal
• Has the intended effect of making the character seem strong, powerful, and/or threatening.
• PC: look up at me standing on a chair!
High Angle Shot
• Also known as HA
• The camera looks down at what is being photographed, making the subject look smaller than normal.
• Has the intended effect of making the character seem weak, powerless, and/or trapped.
Camera Movement
• Zoom
• Pan
• Tilt
• Dolly/Tracking
• Boom/Crane
Zoom
• The camera does not move, rather the lens is manipulated to make an object seem to move closer or farther away from the camera.
• Zooming in to a character is often used to highlight a personal or revealing moment.
• Zooming away from a character is used to separate the character from the viewer.
Pan
• The camera, while on a fixed base, swivels horizontally.
• Pan right (camera moves left to right)
• Pan left (camera moves right to left)
Tilt
• The camera, while on a fixed base, swivels vertically.
• Tilt up (camera moves down to up)
• Tilt down (camera moves up to down)
Dolly / Tracking
• The camera is placed on a track.
• This allows the camera to move with the action
• It can take several people, all operating in synchronicity, to operate a dolly.
Boom / Crane
• Camera is placed on a crane.
• This allows the camera to move up, down, or sideways.
• Used frequently in establishing shots, or to break the bounds of reality.
Sound
• Diegetic sound– Sound that can be heard by the characters within
the film– Ex: gunshot, phone ringing, car engine racing
• Non-diegetic sound– Sound that cannot be heard by the characters in
the film. Used to elicit a reaction by the audience.– Ex: soundtrack, suspenseful music, narration
Editing Techniques
• Cut• Dissolve• Fade Out/Fade In• Wipe• Two-shot (shot/reverse)• Eye-line match• Point of view
Cut
• A cut is the most common type of transition
• One shot ends and is instantaneously replaced with another shot
• There are no other editing effects between the two shots
Dissolve
• A gradual transition in which one shot is momentarily superimposed on another.
• This editing technique is used to create a connection for the viewer between two disparate images.
Fade Out / Fade In
• One scene gradually emerges from (or disappears into) darkness.
• Often, a “fade out / fade in” is used to mark the passage of time.
Wipe
• A new image wipes off the previous image.
• A wipe is more fluid than a cut and quicker than a dissolve.
Two-shot (shot/reverse shot)
• A shot of one subject, then a shot of another subject, then back to the first
• Used primarily to edit a conversation between two people.
Eyeline Match
• A cut from an object to a person.
• Used to establish that the person is looking at (or can see) the object.
Point of View (POV)
• Also known as POV
• Cut to an object through the eyes of the subject
• To view the events through the eyes of a character’s physical vantage point
Lighting
• Balanced Lighting
• High key lighting
• Low key lighting
• Bottom/Side lighting
• Front/Rear lighting
Balanced lighting
High key lighting
• The frame is flooded with light
• Intended effect: Bright, cheerful, open, and welcoming.
Low key lighting
• The frame is flooded with shadows and darkness
• Intended effect: Creates suspense, suspicion, intrigue, lack of trust
Bottom/Side lighting
• Direct lighting from below or from one side
• Intended effect: Danger, evil, divided motives, moral ambiguity
Front/Rear lighting
• Soft, direct lighting on face or behind subject
• Intended effect: Innocence, purity, the “halo” effect
Focus!
• Deep focus
• Depth of field
• Shallow focus
Deep Focus
Deep Focus
Depth of FieldThe distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image.
Shallow Focus
Shallow Focus