Chemical Composition of the Cell

Concept Map4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chemical Composition of the Cells

Inorganiccompounds

Organiccompounds

Chemical compounds Elements

Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins

Enzymes

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Vitamins Nucleic acids

Organic Compounds(contain carbon)

Living organisms

Inorganic Compounds(do not contain carbon)

Water Carbohydrates Acids Bases Mineral salts

Non-living organisms

Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

in the Chemical Compounds compounds

Carbon, oxygen,hydrogen, nitrogen,phosphorus, sulphur

Proteins

Carbon, oxygen,hydrogen

Carbohydrates

Carbon, oxygen,hydrogen

Lipids

Hydrogen, oxygen Water

Carbon, oxygen,hydrogen, phosphorus,nitrogen

Nucleic acids

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

compoundsof mineral ions (Elements)

Mg2+ Act as a cofactor for someenzymes

Ca2+

Mg2+ is required for thesynthesis of chlorophyll

Formation of strong bonesand teeth

Na2+ Regulates osmotic pressurein cells

CI− To maintain pH in thestomach

Helps in the transmission ofnerve impulses and musclecontractions

K+

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

compoundsof mineral ions

Fe2+ Synthesis of red blood cells

Synthesis of chlorophyll

Components of macromolecules

SO2−

4

PO3−

4

NO−

3

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Carbohydrates Starch is the main energy store of carbohydrates

in plant cells Glycogen is the main energy store of

carbohydrates in animal tissues

Primary source of energy

Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

Proteins

Structure: basic units are amino acids

Synthesis of enzymes, hormones, antibodiesand haemoglobin

Synthesis of haemoglobin in red blood cells totransport oxygen

Build new cells and renew damaged tissues

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Lipids Fats and oil are important sources of energy

The layer of adipose tissue insulates thebodies of animals against cold temperatures

Solvent for vitamins A, D, E and K

Protect major organs of the body by lining withadipose tissue

Phospholipids are the main constituent of theplasma membrane

Forms complex molecule structure such assteroids

Wax prevents water loss in plants andinfection by pathogens

Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

Nucleic acids Basic units are nucleotides, which storegenetic information in codes

Two types of nucleic acids : Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Messenger RNA carries DNA’s genetic codeinto the cytoplasm

DNA passes genetic information fromone generation to another

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

O

H

H

Water molecule (two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom)

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

Maintaining osmotic balance and turgidity

Medium for biochemical reactions

Lubricant

Maintaining body temperature

Solvent

High surface tension and cohesion

Support (structure of cells)

Transport medium

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell