motor cranial nerves. cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system. carry sensory or...
TRANSCRIPT
Cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system.
Carry sensory or motor information or a combination and function in parasympathetic nervous system.
Cranial nerves I, II and VIII are purely sensory.
Cranial nerves III, IV, VI, XI and XII are motor (although also function balance).
Cranial Nerves Indicated by Roman
numerals I-XII from anterior to posterior
May have one or more of 3 functions Sensory (special or
general) Motor (skeletal
muscles) Parasympathetic
(regulation of glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle)
Balance Positional information
of body parts
Cranial Nerves
Olfactory (I) Optic (II) Oculomotor (III) Trochlear (IV) Trigeminal (V) Abducens (VI) Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Also known as auditory
Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X) Accessory (XI)
Also known as spinal accessory
Hypoglossal (XII)
Mnemonic Aids for Cranial Nerves
• To remember at least part of the sequence of the first set of cranial nerves that begin with the letter O, try this –You have I nose. You have II eyes.I - Olfactory; II -- Optic
Mnemonic Aids for Cranial Nerves
• On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Famous Vocal German Viewed Some Hops
• Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory (Accessory), Hypoglossal
• Oh. Oh. Ooh...To Touch And Feel Very Green Vegetables...A H !!!• Oh, once one takes the anatomy final- very good vacations are heavenly!
Motor cranial nerves
Cranial nerve IV Trochlear Cranial nerve VI Abducens Cranial nerve XI Accessory Cranial nerve XII Hypoglossal
Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves
Base of the skull—cranial nerves out Ethmoid (olfactory)
I. Olfactory Sphenoid (optic)
II. OpticIII. OculomotorIV. TrochlearVI. Abducens
Temporal (otic)VII. Acoustic/Auditory/
Vestibulocochlear Face/Jaws
V. TrigeminalVII. Facial
Throat (rest of body)IX GlossopharyngealX. VagusXI. Spinal AccessoryXII. Hypoglosal
Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves
Somatic Motor Nerves(eye muscles and tongue)
EXIT CR. CAVITYTARGETNERVE
Hypoglossal canal
(occipital)
Intrinsic, extrinsic mm. of tongue
XII. Hypoglossal
“•Sup.,med.,inf.rectus• Inferior Oblique•Levator palpebrae superioris
III. Oculomotor(Also parasympathetic to ciliary mm, constrictor pupillae)
“Lateral rectusVI. Abducens
Sup. Orbital fissure (sphenoid)
Superior oblique m. (with trochlea)
IV. Trochlear
Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves
“Rest of body” nerves(all exit from jugular foramen)
NERVE TARGET
X: Vagus Somatic motor to larynx/pharynx Parasympathetic to most of gut Taste to back posterior pharynx
XI: (Spinal) Accesory
Motor to traps, sternocleidomastoid
IX: Glosso-pharyngeal
Sensory to carotid body/sinus Taste to posterior tongue Sensory to ear opening/middle
ear Parotid salivary gland
Cranial Nerve III Oculomotor
Motor to four eyeball muscles Parasympathetic to ciliary ganglion Injury to nerve causes dilated pupil and ptosis “fixed and dilated”
Cranial Nerves Olfactory (I)
Sensory (smell)
• Optic (II)– Sensory (sight)
• Oculomotor (III)– Motor (4 of 6 eye muscles)
– Parasympathetic (constriction of pupil, movement of lens)
III Occulomotor
The somatic motor component of CN III plays a major role in controlling the muscles responsible for the precise movement of the eyes for visual tracking or fixation on an object.
CNIII: OCULOMOTOR
Cranial nerve III Function:
eye movements, opening of eyelid, constriction of pupil, focusing, proprioception
Clinical tests for injury: differences in pupil size; pupillary
response to light; eye tracking Effects of damage
dropping eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision
Cranial Nerves Trochlear (IV)
Visual tracking of eye
• Trigeminal (V)– Sensory (face, nasal cavity, cheeks, lips, skin of mandible)–Motor (muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid)
• Abducens (VI)– Motor (1 eye muscle)
IV Trochlear
The superior oblique muscle is one of the six extraocular muscles responsible for the precise movement of the eye for visual tracking or fixation on an object.
CNIV: TROCHLEAR
Cranial nerve IV Function: eye movements and
proprioception Clinical test for injury: ability to
rotate eye inferolaterally Effects of damage – double
vision, patient tilts head toward affected side
VI Abducens
The lateral rectus muscle is one of the six extraocular muscles responsible for the precise movement of the eye for visual tracking or fixation on an object.
CN VI: ABDUCENS AND CN VII: FACIAL
Cranial Nerve VI Function: Eye movements Clinical test: lateral eye
movement Effects of damage:
inability to rotate eye laterally; at rest – eye rotates medially because of action of antagonistic muscles
Cranial Nerve VII Function: facial
expression; sense of taste Clinical test: motor
functions – close eyes, smile, whistle, frown, raise eyebrows; taste
Effects of damage: inability to control facial muscles; distorted sense of taste
Cranial Nerves Vagus (X)
Sensory (taste, back of mouth, larynx, thoracic and abdominal organs)
Motor (muscles of larynx, 1 muscle of tongue)
Parasympathetic (thoracic and abdominal organs)
• Accessory (XI)– Motor (sternocleidomastoid, trapezius)
• Hypoglossal (XII)– Motor (tongue and throat muscles)
CN XI: ACCESSORY AND CN XII: HYPOGLOSSAL
Cranial Nerve XI Function: swallowing; head,
neck, and shoulder movements
Clinical tests: rotate head and shrug shoulders against resistance
Effects of damage: impaired movement of head, neck, and shoulders; paralysis of sternocleidomastoid
Cranial Nerve XII Function: tongue movements
of speech, food manipulation, and swallowing
Clinical test: tongue function Effects of damage: difficulty
in speech and swallowing; atrophy of tongue; inability to stick out (protrude) tongue
Cranial Nerves
I: Olfactory II: Optic III: Oculomotor IV: Trochlear V: Trigeminal VI: Abducens
VII: Facial VIII:Vestibulocochlear
Acoustic IX:
Glossopharyngeal X: Vagus XI: Accessory XII: Hypoglossal
http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/cn/cranial.htm