monroe envirothon forestry 2009
DESCRIPTION
Monroe Envirothon Forestry 2009. Identifying Pennsylvania Trees. Pennsylvania Forest Stewardship Program. Tree Types. Deciduous. Evergreen. Leaf Types. Scale-like. Broad and Flat. Needles. Deciduous Leaf Types. Simple. or. Compound. Leaf margins. Dentate. Serrate. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Monroe EnvirothonForestry
2009
Identifying Pennsylvania
Trees
Pennsylvania Forest Stewardship
Program
Tree TypesEvergreen Deciduous
Leaf Types
Scale-likeBroad and FlatNeedles
Deciduous Leaf TypesCompoundSimple or
Leaf margins
Dentate
EntireDouble serrate
Lobed
Serrate
(smooth)
Leaf & Branch Arrangement
<Whorled
AlternateOpposite
Evergreen SpeciesEastern Hemlock
PA State Tree, Uses: Building Lumber
Eastern White Pine
5 needles in bundle>
Uses: Building Lumber, shelving, furniture, log homes
Deciduous – Opposite Branching SpeciesRed/Soft Maple
Uses: furniture, flooring, pallets
Sugar/Hard Maple
Uses: furniture, cabinets, flooring (including bowling alleys), pallets
Red MapleAcer rubrum
Sugar MapleAcer saccharum
White Ash
Uses: Baseball bats, handles, furniture, flooring, pallets
Alternate Branching SpeciesNorthern Red Oak
Uses: furniture, flooring, pallets
White Oak
Uses: furniture, barrels, flooring, pallets
White Oak Red Oak
Black Cherry
Uses: furniture, cabinets, paneling
Forest Succession & Wildlife Habitat
Forest Health Threats
Gypsy Moth Life CycleEggs/Egg Mass; 200 to 800 eggs in a egg mass Hatch: early May, timed with oak leaf-out Located on tree trunks, under branchesCaterpillar: ID: 5 pairs of blue dots & 6 pair of red dots 6 to 8 weeks, to end of June-early July 5 to 6 stages, larva instars Shed skin at each instar Most of the leaves eaten in last two instars Prefer oak, aspen, basswood, beechPupa/Cocoon: Caterpillar to moth 1 ½ to 2 weeks Reddish to black colorMoth/Adult: Male & female moths last for 1 to 2 weeks Mate, lay eggs, & die Eggs over-winter until following spring Female white and male buff colored Female moth does not fly
Hemlock Wooly Adelgid (HWA)• Non-native – native to China and Japan• First found in PA, in the late 1960s• Now has been ID’ed in 2/3 of PA Counties• Population has been very low for several years• Feeds on all hemlock varieties• A very complicated life cycle• Two generations per year but 2nd generation is inactive during the summer• Feeds by attaching itself to the base of the needle and sucking sap• Others – elongate scale, mites, drought
Forecast• Increasing again in 2006 – mild winter
Emerald Ash BorerExotic Beetle from AsiaDiscovered in Michigan in July 2002Discovered in western PA in June 2007
Adult Beetles: Metallic green wing covers – ½” to ¾” long Peak emergence – late June & early July Live for about 3 weeks – mate, lay eggs & die Feeds on the margins of ash leaves Males are smaller than females Adults are strong fliers – up to a mileEggs/Egg Mass: Female can lay 60 to 90 eggs – July/August Eggs deposited in bark crevices anywhere on the tree Eggs hatch in 7 to 10 days - AugustLarvae/Borer: Bore into tree immediately after egg hatch White grub – full grown 1” to 1 ½” long Feeds on the cambium layer between the bark & wood Only feeds on ash species Feeding is completed in autumn Over-winters in phloem/cambium layerPupation: Larva to adult beetle (pupation) occurs in April/MayDamage to tree: Feeding in the phloem/cambium layer girdles the tree Feeds on the upper branches & main stem first Trees often die after 3 to 4 years after infestation
Eastern Tent CaterpillarLife Cycle
Eggs/Egg Mass; 100 to 250 eggs in mass Hatch: end of April/early May Located on ends of branchesCaterpillar: 6 to 8 weeks, to end of June 5 stages, larva instars Shed skin at each instar Most of leaf eaten in last two instars Prefers cherry, apple, and other fruit treesPupa/Cocoon: Caterpillar to moth 1 ½ to 2 weeks White to yellowish colorMoth/Adult: Male & female for 1 to 2 weeks Mate, lay eggs, & die Eggs over-winter until following spring
Forest Tent CaterpillarLife Cycle
Eggs/Egg Mass; 100 to 250 eggs in mass Hatch: end of April/early May Located on ends of branches
Caterpillar: 6 to 8 weeks, to end of June 5 stages, larva instars Shed skin at each instar Most of leaf eaten in last two instars Prefers sugar maple, ash, aspen
Pupa/Cocoon: Caterpillar to moth 1 ½ to 2 weeks,
Moth/Adult: Male & female for 1 to 2 weeks Mate, lay eggs, & die Eggs over-winter until following spring