Monitoring the Prestige oil spill impacts on the northern Iberian shelf ecosystem

Francisco Sánchez Alberto Serrano Francisco Velasco Santiago Parra Inmaculada Frutos

Simposio VERTIMAR 2005 - Vigo

CATASTROPHE SCENARIOCATASTROPHE SCENARIO

On November 2002, the tanker Prestige carrying 77000 tons of heavy oil (M-100) produced a large spill over the continental shelf and oceanic waters off Galicia.

As a consequence, the drift of the oil slick during several months over a large area of the Bay of Biscay caused sedimentation events on the deep continental shelf grounds.

The special characteristics of the Prestige spill had necessary to evaluate the biological effects in the continental shelf area.

Possible effects on biota of shelf ecosystem:

• No direct lethal effects

• Direct sub-lethal effects

• Indirect effects (trophic input medium and large term)

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Rapes

B = 0.5Cebo vivoy Cacea

Cerco

Palangre

Arrastre

Enmalle

GambasCamarones

B = 5.6

CigalaInv. Detrit

B = 2.6

Rayas

B = 0.4

GallosB = 0.3

PecesBentonicB = 3.2

PulposSepiasB = 0.2

OtrosInvertebr.

B = 4.5

Poliquetos

B = 3.6

Detrito

B = 50.0

CaballaVerdelB = 6.0

BonitoB= 0.4

MerluzaadultaB = 0.8

Niv

el t

rófi

co

DOMINIO PELAGICO DOMINIO BENTONICODOMINIO DEMERSAL

0.10 0.58 0.03 0.46 0.01 0.22

39.44

9.12

85.96

1.34

6.61

0.02

64.731224.00

144.20

0.89

ZooplanctonPelagico

B = 24.0

Fitoplancton

B = 65.0

AnchoaSardina

B = 18.0

GrandesPeces

DemersalesB = 1.0

Pinta-rroja

B = 0.8

PequeñosPeces

DemersalesB = 12.9

Lirio

B = 11.4

MerluzapequeñaB = 0.2

Calamar

B = 0.6

Chicharro

B = 15.2

ZooplanctonSuprabentic

B = 14.3

3.33

299.83

Descartes

B = 2.3

TROPHIC MODEL OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF ECOSYSTEM

• To quantify the distribution of fuel on the bottom and on the species, with particular attention on fishing gears efficiency

• To estimate the impact on the shelf communities including the different compartments: infaunal, suprabenthic, epibenthic and demersal

• To estimate changes in the abundance and distribution of the main commercial species according to the previous situation before the catastrophe

• Trophic ecology of the main species of fish and some invertebrates and comparison with the results of the historical series

• Assessment of the impact of the fuel on the growth and batch fecundity in fishes of commercial and ecological interest (CSIC – IEO posters)

• To estimate the effects on fisheries

• Generate a trophodynamic model to summarize the effects

GENERAL OBJECTIVESGENERAL OBJECTIVES

1. Infaunal communities - Box corer (Galicia)

2. Suprabenthic communities - Suprabenthic sledge (Galicia)

3. Epibenthic commun. - Beam trawl (Galicia and Cantabrian sea)

4. Demersal species - Otter trawl (Galicia and Cantabrian sea)

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OF SURVEYSEXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OF SURVEYS

42°

43°

44°

10° 9° 8° 7° 6° 5° 4° 3° 2°

C AM PAÑ AS PR ESTIG E PLATAFO R M A

Estratificación y situación de las estaciones de fondo

M iño

Finisterre

Estacade Bares Peñas

A joB idasoa

MF

FE

EP

PAAB

500

200

10050

35 - 70 m Especia l

71 - 120 m - A

121-200 m - B

201-500 m - C

Estratos Stations arranged in a radial pattern, located in 5 geographic sectors and 3 depth strata• December 2002 - January 2003• Mars - April 2003• September - October 2003 (120 trawl hauls)• Mars - April 2004• September - October 2004 (120 trawl hauls)

DEPOSITS OF HEAVY OIL ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELFDEPOSITS OF HEAVY OIL ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELF

10° 9° 8°

42°

43°

44°

EN ER O 2003 500

200

100

10° 9° 8°

42°

43°

44°

ABR IL 2003 500

200

100

10° 9° 8°

42°

43°

44°

SEPTIEM B. 2003 500

200

100

10° 9° 8°

42°

43°

44°

ABR IL 2004

1 10 25 50 100 200 300

Kg / km ²

DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY OIL (tar aggregates) ON GALICIA SHELFDISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY OIL (tar aggregates) ON GALICIA SHELF

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

January 03 April 03 October 03 April 04 October 04

Tar

agg

rega

tes

(kg

· km

-2) Rías Baixas

Costa da Morte

Galicia North

10° 9° 8° 7° 6° 5° 4° 3° 2°

42°

43°

44°

PRIM AVERA: Fuel sobre e l fondoCam pañas PRESTIG E PLATAFO RM A 0303+0403

M uestreo bou de vara

Kg / km ²

500

200

100

10° 9° 8° 7° 6° 5° 4° 3° 2°

42°

43°

44°

INV IERNO : Fuel sobre e l fondoCam pañas PRESTIG E PLATAFO RM A 1202+0103

M uestreo bou de vara

Kg / km ²

500

200

100

Zona no m uestreada

EneroD iciem bre

M arzo

Abril

1

10

25

50

100

200

300

1

10

25

50

100

200

300

DRIFT OF OIL TO THE CANTABRIAN CONTINENTAL SHELFDRIFT OF OIL TO THE CANTABRIAN CONTINENTAL SHELF

INFAUNAL COMMUNITIESINFAUNAL COMMUNITIES

Parra, S. & I. Frutos, 2005. Temporal evolution of infaunal and suprabenthic communities on the Galician continental shelf (NW, Iberian Peninsula), after the Prestige oil spill.

(poster, this Symposium)

159 species

SUPRABENTHIC COMMUNITIESSUPRABENTHIC COMMUNITIES

Parra, S. & I. Frutos, 2005. Temporal evolution of infaunal and suprabenthic communities on the Galician continental shelf (NW, Iberian Peninsula), after the Prestige oil spill.

(poster, this Symposium)

136 species

EPIBENTHIC COMMUNITIESEPIBENTHIC COMMUNITIES

277 species

114 samples

Environmental variablesDepthLatitudeSediment: fine sands, coarse sand, Q50

sorting coefficient, organic contentPrestige: Tar aggregates amount

Samples codes:

Season:

w = winters = springa = autumn

Zone:1 = Rias Baixas2 = Costa da Morte3 = Galicia North

Depth strata:

A = 70-120 mB = 121-200 mC = 201-300 m

RDA ordination biplot of environmental variables and samples

-1.0 1.0

-1.0

1.0

s3A

s4A

a4C a3C

w2A

s3C

s4Ca4Ca3A

w2B

s3A

s4B

a4B

a3A

w2Cs3B

s4Aa4A

a3B

w2B

s3C

s4B

a4C

a3C

w2Cs3As4C

a4Ba3B

w2A

s3B

s4A

a4A

a3C

w2A

s3Cs4A a3Cw2Bs3A

s4B a4C

a3Cw2C

s3B

s4B

a4B

a3C

w2Cs3Cs4C

a4A

a3B

w2B

s3Bs4Ba4Ba3B

w2B

s3B

s4A

a4A

a3B w2C

s3B

s4C

a4B

a3A

s3A

s4C

a4C

a3A

w2B

s3C

s4B

a4C

a3B

w2A

s3Ca4B

w2A

s3Cs4A

a4Ba3A

w2C

s3A

s4Ba4B

a3C

s3B

s4C

a4A

a3B

w2A

s3C

s4A

a4C

a3A

w2Bs4B

a4C

a3A

w2C

s3A

s4C

a4Ba3B

w2B

s3B

s4C

a4A

a3C

w2C

SpringAutumn

WinterTar

L atitude

Depth

% O.M.

Q50

S0

% Fine sand

%

Costa Morte

L atitude

% Coarse sand

% Mud

Inner shelfMiddle shelfOuter shelf

Statistical tests

Ecological indices: no significant correlations between species richness, biomass and diversity respect:• Tar aggregates (oil)• Impact zone (spatial approach)• 2003-2004 post-spill periods (temporal approach)

In: Serrano et al, 2005. Spatial and temporal changes in benthic communities of the Galician continental shelf after the Prestige oil spill. MPB

DEMERSAL AND COMMERCIAL SPECIESDEMERSAL AND COMMERCIAL SPECIES

RDA ordination biplot of environmental variables and samples

175 species

126 samples

Environmental variablesDepthLatitudeSediment: fine sands, coarse sand, Q50

sorting coefficient, organic contentPrestige: Tar aggregates amount

Samples codes:

Season:

w = winters = springa = autumn

Zone:1 = Rias Baixas2 = Costa da Morte3 = Galicia North

Depth strata:

A = 70-120 mB = 121-200 mC = 201-300 m -1.0 1.0

-1.0

1.0

a3As3A

s4Aw2A

s3C

s4C

w2B

a2Ba4C

s4B

w2C

s3B

s4Aw2B

a2C

a3Aa4A

s3C

s4B

w2C

a3Ba4B

s3As4C

w2A

a2Ba3C

a4C

s3B

w2A

a2C

a3C

a4C

s3Cs4Aw2B

a2A

a3B

a4A

s3A

s4B

w2C

a3A

s3B

s4B

w2C

a4B

s3Cs4C

w2B

a3B s3Bs4Bw2B

a2C

s3B

s4A

a2B

a4B

s3Bs4C

s3As4C

a3As3C

s4B

a3B

s3C

a2Ca3C

a2B

a4C a4Aa3C

a4B

a4C

a3C

s3C

s4A

w2C

a2C

a3B

a3C

a3C

a2Ca4C

a2B

a4B

s3A

s4B

a2B

a4Aa2C

a3C

a4A

a4B

a2B

a2A

s3B

s4C

w2A

a3B

a2A

a4C

a4C

a2B

a4B

a2A

a3B a3A

s3C

s4A

w2B

a3A

a3B

s4Bw2C

a4B

s3A

s4Cw2B

a4A

s3B

s4C

w2C

a3A s3As4A

w2A

s3C

s4C

w2B

a2Ba4C

s4B

w2C

s3B

s4Aw2B

a2C

a3Aa4A

s3C

s4B

w2C

a3Ba4B

s3As4C

w2A

a2Ba3C

a4C

s3B

w2A

a2C

a3C

a4C

s3Cs4Aw2B

a2A

a3B

a4A

s3A

s4B

w2C

a3A

s3B

s4B

w2C

a4B

s3Cs4C

w2B

a3B s3Bs4Bw2B

a2C

s3B

s4A

a2B

a4B

s3Bs4C

s3As4C

a3As3C

s4B

a3B

s3C

a2Ca3C

a2B

a4C a4Aa3C

a4B

a4C

a3C

s3C

s4A

w2C

a2C

a3B

a3C

a3C

a2Ca4C

a2B

a4B

s3A

s4B

a2B

a4Aa2C

a3C

a4A

a4B

a2B

a2A

s3B

s4C

w2A

a3B

a2A

a4C

a4C

a2B

a4B

a2A

a3B a3A

s3C

s4A

w2B

a3A

a3B

s4Bw2C

a4B

s3A

s4Cw2B

a4A

s3B

s4C

w2C

a3A s3As4A

w2A

s3C

s4C

w2B

a2Ba4C

s4B

w2C

s3B

s4Aw2B

a2C

a3Aa4A

s3C

s4B

w2C

a3Ba4B

s3As4C

w2A

a2Ba3C

a4C

s3B

w2A

a2C

a3C

a4C

s3Cs4Aw2B

a2A

a3B

a4A

s3A

s4B

w2C

a3A

s3B

s4B

w2C

a4B

s3Cs4C

w2B

a3B s3Bs4Bw2B

a2C

s3B

s4A

a2B

a4B

s3Bs4C

s3As4C

a3As3C

s4B

a3B

s3C

a2Ca3C

a2B

a4C a4Aa3C

a4B

a4C

a3C

s3C

s4A

w2C

a2C

a3B

a3C

a3C

a2Ca4C

a2B

a4B

s3A

s4B

a2B

a4Aa2C

a3C

a4A

a4B

a2B

a2A

s3B

s4C

w2A

a3B

a2A

a4C

a4C

a2B

a4B

a2A

a3B a3A

s3C

s4A

w2B

a3A

a3B

s4Bw2C

a4B

s3A

s4Cw2B

a4A

s3B

s4C

w2C

Inner shelfMiddle shelfOuter shelf

WinterSpring

Autumn

Costa Morte

Depth

Tar

% O.M.

Q 50

So

% Coarse sand

% Fine sands

% Mud

WinterSpring

Tar

Q 50

So

% Coarse sand

% Fine sands

Latitude

Statistical tests

Ecological indices: no significant correlations between species richness, biomass and diversity respect:• Tar aggregates (oil)• Impact zone (spatial approach)• Pre-spill and post-spill periods (temporal approach)

In: Serrano et al, 2005. Spatial and temporal changes in benthic communities of the Galician continental shelf after the Prestige oil spill. MPB

SIMPER analysis: 7 indicator taxa explaining 50% of disimilarity between 2002 and 2003 (impact), and between 2003 and 2004 (recovery)

500

2 00

100

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

125

250

500

1 000

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

125

250

500

1 000

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

125

250

500

1 000

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

125

250

500

1 000

F L A T F IS H E SDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 1

F L A T F IS H E SDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 2

F L A T F IS H E SDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 3

F L A T F IS H E SDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 4

0

5

10

15

Nephrops Starfishes

num

ber

/ 30

min

traw

l

0

10

20

30

40

50

Crabs Paguridae

num

ber

/ 30

min

traw

l

0

5

10

15

Pouting Catshark Monkfish

num

ber

/ 30

min

tra

wl

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Plesionika heterocarpus Munida sp

num

ber

/ 30

min

traw

l

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Four-spot megrim Other flatfishes

num

ber

/ 3

0 m

in t

raw

l

0

10

20

30

Forkbeard Spotteddragonet

Triglidae

num

ber

/ 30

min

traw

l

2001 2002 2003 2004--- POS ---

0

5

10

15

Nephrops Starfishes

num

ber

/ 30

min

traw

l

0

10

20

30

40

50

Crabs Paguridae

num

ber

/ 30

min

traw

l

0

5

10

15

Pouting Catshark Monkfish

num

ber

/ 30

min

tra

wl

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Plesionika heterocarpus Munida sp

num

ber

/ 30

min

traw

l

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Four-spot megrim Other flatfishes

num

ber

/ 3

0 m

in t

raw

l

0

10

20

30

Forkbeard Spotteddragonet

Triglidae

num

ber

/ 30

min

traw

l

2001 2002 2003 2004--- POS ---2001 2002 2003 2004--- POS ---

500

2 00

100

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

10

20

40

80

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

10

20

40

80

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

10

20

40

80

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

10

20

40

80

F O RK B E AR DDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 1

F O RK B E AR DDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 2

F O RK B E AR DDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 3

F O RK B E AR DDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 4

500

2 00

100

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

10

20

40

80

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

10

20

40

80

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

10

20

40

80

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

10

20

40

80

S P O T T E DD R AG O N E T

Den sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)Au tu m n 2 00 1

S P O T T E DD R AG O N E T

Den sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)Au tu m n 2 00 2

S P O T T E DD R AG O N E T

Den sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)Au tu m n 2 00 3

S P O T T E DD R AG O N E T

Den sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)Au tu m n 2 00 4

500

2 00

100

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

50

100

200

400

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

50

100

200

400

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

50

100

200

400

1 0.0 ° 9.5 ° 9.0 ° 8.5 ° 8.0 °

4 2.5 °

4 3.0 °

4 3.5 °

4 4.0 °

0

50

100

200

400

C RA B SDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 1

C RA B SDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 2

C RA B SDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 3

C RA B SDen sity ( nº ∙ ha ul)

Au tu m n 2 00 4

Impact indicator groups

Serrano, et al., 2005. Decrease and rebound effect of some indicator taxa after the Prestige oil spill in the Galician Atlantic shelf.

(poster, this Symposium)

Commercial species: MEGRIM (L. boscii)Commercial species: MEGRIM (L. boscii)

10° 9° 8° 7° 6° 5° 4° 3° 2°

42°

43°

44°2003

10° 9° 8° 7° 6° 5° 4° 3° 2°

42°

43°

44°

E jem plares / lance

2002

0

1

2

5

10

25

10° 9° 8° 7° 6° 5° 4° 3° 2°

42°

43°

44°2001

Edad 0(Lepidorhombus boscii)Gallo

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38

Talla (cm )

0

1

2

3

4

5

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38

Talla (cm )

0

1

2

3

4

5

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38

Talla (cm )

0

1

2

3

4

5

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 030

2

4

6

8

10

10° 9° 8° 7° 6° 5° 4° 3° 2°

42°

43°

44°2003

10° 9° 8° 7° 6° 5° 4° 3° 2°

42°

43°

44°

E jem plares / lance

2002

0

5

10

25

50

100

10° 9° 8° 7° 6° 5° 4° 3° 2°

42°

43°

44°2001

Edad 1(Lepidorhombus boscii)Gallo

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38

Talla (cm )

0

1

2

3

4

5

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38

Talla (cm )

0

1

2

3

4

5

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38

Talla (cm )

0

1

2

3

4

5

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 030

10

20

30

40

Age 0 Age 1

200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990

0

5

10

15

20

2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993

2001

0

5

10

15

20

2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994

2002

0

5

10

15

20

2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995

2003

0

5

10

15

20

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996

2004

Commercial species: MEGRIM (L. boscii)Commercial species: MEGRIM (L. boscii)

Year-class abundance

(number/30 min. trawl)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Year

Num

ber

· 30

min

traw

l

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Ton

nes

Abundance indices

Spawning Stock Biomass

Commercial species: NORWAY LOBSTER (N. norvegicus)Commercial species: NORWAY LOBSTER (N. norvegicus)

10.0° 9.5° 9.0° 8.5° 8.0°

42.5°

43.0°

43.5°

Campañas PRESTIGE PLATAFORMADiferencias en la biomasa de cigala

g / lance

500

200

100

M alp ica

C arnota

M uxia

C am elle

-400

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Norway lobster biomass differencesDecember 2002 - October 2002

Commercial species: NORWAY LOBSTER (N. norvegicus)Commercial species: NORWAY LOBSTER (N. norvegicus)

1 0 ° 9 ° 8 ° 7 ° 6 °

4 2 °

4 3 °

4 4 °

0

5

1 5

2 0

O c to b e r 2 0 0 4N e p h ro p s n o rv eg icu s

N u m b er · 3 0 m in . h au l

1 0 ° 9 ° 8 ° 7 ° 6 °

4 2 °

4 3 °

4 4 °

0

5

1 5

2 0

O c to b e r 2 0 0 3N ep h ro p s n o rv e g icu s

N u m b er · 3 0 m in . h au l

--- P R E S T IG E O IL S P IL L ---

1 0 ° 9 ° 8 ° 7 ° 6 °

4 2 °

4 3 °

4 4 °

0

5

1 5

2 0

O c to b e r 2 0 0 2N e p h ro p s n o rv eg icu s

N u m b er · 3 0 m in . h au l

1 0 ° 9 ° 8 ° 7 ° 6 °

4 2 °

4 3 °

4 4 °

0

5

1 5

2 0

O c to b e r 2 0 0 1N ep h ro p s n o rv e g icu s

N u m b er · 3 0 m in . h au l

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Nephrops norvegicus Plesionika heterocarpus

Nep

hro

ps

(n·h

our

traw

l)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Ple

sion

ika

(n·h

our

traw

l)

2001

2002

2003

2004

Sanchez, et al., 2005. Monitoring the Prestige oil impacts on some key species of the Northern Iberian shelf. MPB

At the moment we can not conclude about the degree of impact of the Prestige catastrophe on the shelf communities and their resources.

We must to wait and to try to differentiate the real impact and the natural variability of the populations.

Thank you very much for your attention

GENERAL CONCLUSIONGENERAL CONCLUSION