monitoring of environmental efficiency in power plants
TRANSCRIPT
Monitoring of Environmental Efficiency in Power Plants
Timo Korpela* and Yrjö Majanne Tampere University of Technology, Finland
Sirkka Koskela and Jáchym Judl Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Finland
MMEA Final Seminar, 26.11.2015, Helsinki
* [email protected] * +358 40 849 0063
FIRE in MMEA program
Measurement technology and analysers Monitoring of power generation processes Environmental Efficiency
1
2
3
Environmental impacts
Direct emissions from energy conversion processes
– Air, waterway and soil
– Climate change, acidification and particles
Indirect emissions from fuels and wastes
– Fuel and chemical production and transportation
– Waste transportation and handling
Why is monitoring needed?
Monitoring of direct emissions mainly conducted on-line
Monitoring in power plants
Authoritative regulations
• IE Directive (NOx, SO2, dust,…)
• EU Emission trading system (CO2,…)
Power plant operation
• Monitoring of optimal operation
• Prompt fault detection and identification
• Expressing sustainability for customers
Additional and redundant measurement information by data and first principle models
MMEA: Monitoring in power plants with existing measurements
Soft sensors
Indirect NOx monitoring in natural gas fired boilers
Soft sensors:
Case: Patola boiler K2 • Linear model:
• 𝑁𝑂𝑥,𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 10.9 ∙ 𝑂2 + 13.4 ∙ 𝑉 𝑝𝑎 + 112
Which is valid when O2 < 3.0 % (d.b.)
• Model developed in 2/2015 and tested in 9/2015:
• Total RMSE-error is 4.5 mg/Nm3 and 3.2 %
Additional and redundant measurement information by data and first principle models
MMEA: Monitoring in power plants with existing measurements
Detection of sensor failures and process anomalies, and data reconciliation
Soft sensors
Sensor quality control
Detection of sensor failures and process anomalies
Sensor quality control
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 6000
5
10
15
Flue gas CO2 content
CO
2 (
%,
w.b
.)
Time (h)
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 6000
10
20
30
40
Flue gas H2O content
H2O
(%
)
Time (h)
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 6000
200
400
600
SO2
SO
2 (
mg/N
m3,
d.b
., O
2=
6 %
)
Time (h)
Additional and redundant measurement information by data and first principle models
MMEA: Monitoring in power plants with existing measurements
Detection of sensor failures and process anomalies, and data reconciliation
Assistant to operators and maintenance personnel
Soft sensors
Sensor quality control
Decision support
to operators Decision support
Salmisaari CHP plant
Assessing environmental impacts along the value chain: A case study
Life Cycle Assessment methodology
Five impact categories analysed, climate change in focus
Co-firing scenarios: 7% and 40% pellets as fuel
Methods and case scenarios
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Clim
ate
ch
ange
kt
CO
2-e
q.
By-products and waste
Wood pellets, transport
Wood pellets, production
Coal, production and transport
Other inputs than fuels
Emissions of power plant
40% wood pellets
Example of results:
Salmisaari CHP plant
Assessing environmental impacts along the value chain: A case study
Life Cycle Assessment methodology
Five impact categories analysed, climate change in focus
Co-firing scenarios: 7% and 40% pellets as fuel
Methods and case scenarios
Significant reduction of climate impacts and the use of fossil fuels can be achieved.
Pellets are produced from dry saw dust and not from roundwood.
Renewable energy is used for drying.
Lessons learned
ESPECIALLY IF
Impact categories proposed for online reporting
Future outlook
Indirect emissions
Direct emissions
8 56
… …
… …
Indirect Direct
Climate change
Acidification
Fine particles
Example of a real time reporting combining online monitored direct emissions with indirect impacts calculated with the use of LCA.
Contribution of emissions to impacts defined by characterization factors.
LCA Online
monitoring
Characterisation
t CO2-eq./h
t SO2-eq./h
t PM10-eq./h
Lessons learned
The topic combined effectively different research topics and value chain of MMEA.
Measurement quality control is a necessity in power plants
Direct and indirect emissions must be considered in environmental efficiency to avoid problem shifting – setting the system boundaries is a challenge
Real time monitoring of environmental efficiency in power plants provides valuable prospects
