It is the usage of the computers or microprocessor – based

devices to monitor or measure physical variables over a

period of time.

a device or arrangement for

observing, detecting, or

recording the operation of a

machine or system, especially

an automatic control system.

the extent, dimensions,

quantity, etc., of something,

ascertained especially by

comparison with a standard

In this section you should know

what type of sensors you will be

using , to check out the various

physical variables :

• Temperature

• Pressure

• Humidity

• Moisture

• Light

• Sound

• Blood pressure

• Ph scale ( acidity )

Temperature sensor

Humidity sensor

Ph sensor Sound sensor

Pressure sensor

Moisture sensorLight

sensor

Sensors , are input devices

used to input data about the

physical changes in the

environment , that has been

monitored / detected.

* You should know that

monitoring and measuring

systems are not like control

systems.

The computer is continually monitoring the

sensors , in this case the sensors are sending

the data continually . This data is in the form of

analogue type , thus , it will be converted to

digital data , through …..

ADC “ ANALOGUE – TO –

DIGITAL CONVERTER.

Which as a result the interface box is biult , and

the sensor is plugged to it , and both are plugged

to the computer.

Output on a printer or speakers if the output is sound.

• Measuring software

• Data logging software.

• The systems in total are called data logging

systems.

Monitoring systems are highly used in hospitals. The

monitor is attached to the patient , and then attached to

the computer .

• Pulse rate

• Rate of breathing

• Blood pressure

• Body temperature

• Amount of oxygen in the blood.

Each patient is having its own monitor , which is

connected to the main display monitor for the nurses.

In these monitors various ranges are given , and if

the range of the patient is below or above those

ranges , the alarm will start ringing.

The monitors are used in this field , through

which the computers are used to collect data

only :

• Wind speed , using the rotor to generate

pulses , proportional to the wind speed.

• Wind direction , using angel sensor.

• Temperature , using temperature sensor

• Barometric pressure , using pressure

sensor

• Rainfall , using tipping mechanism

• Humidity , humidity sensor

• Sunshine , light sensor.

Data is collected in the database , or in

spreadsheet. It helps in observing global

warming , and forecast the weather.

Climate is measured over a very long period

of time. The collected data will be plotted in a

graph for different variables over a period of

time.

This is used to warn the public , or

authorities of a very high level of

pollutants. Noise levels are monitored,

and river monitored :

• Ph of the river

• Temperature of the stream

• Dissolved oxygen

• Turbidity and water levels.

There are many scientific experiments take place ,

with the presence of the monitors, espicially the

chemical experiments , which last for few seconds or

over a long period of time. Using sensors provide :

• More accuracy

• Enables automatic or immediate processes.

The data collected from the experiment , will be in the

spreadsheet , to make graphs , so it can be imported

into word – processing or desktop – publishing

software for the inclusion in the txt report in the

findings.