monetary laws of the united states, volume ii, appendix

Monetary Laws of the United States

Volume II: AppendicesEdition Date: August 1, 2013 By: Matt Erickson 10600 NW Lake Shore Ave. Vancouver, Washington 98685

Appendix A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N.

Topic

Organic Documents Mint Statistics through 1902 Preliminary Coinage Reports Primary Coinage Acts Secondary Coinage Acts Foreign Coinage Acts Commemorative Coinage Acts from 1891-1954 Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Acts regarding Mints and Assay Offices Acts Regarding Notes Criminal Monetary Jurisdiction Acts The Great Deception & the Duping of America Miscellaneous Acts Monetary Portions of Title 31 of the United States Code

1

Chronological Listing of Acts herein

Chronological Listing of Acts hereinDate of Act: Found in Chapter: Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Criminal Monetary Jurisdiction Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Mints and Assay Offices Major Coinage Acts Secondary Coinage Acts Foreign Coinage Acts Secondary Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Mints and Assay Offices Secondary Coinage Acts Foreign Coinage Acts Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Secondary Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Mints and Assay Offices Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Foreign Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Foreign Coinage Acts Criminal Monetary Jurisdiction Mints and Assay Offices Mints and Assay Offices Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes

1789, July 31 1790, April 30 1790, August 4 1791, March 3 1791, March 3 Resolution 1792, April 2 1792, May 8 1793, February 9 1793, January 14 1794, March 3 1795, March 3 1796, May 27 1798, February 1 1799, February 28 1799, March 2 1800, April 24 1800, May 14 1801, March 3, Ch. 21 1801, March 3, Ch. 28 1802, April 30 1803, March 3 1806, April 10 1806, April 21 1808, April 1 1812, December 2 1812, June 30 1813, February 25 1814, December 26 1814, March 4 1815, February 24

2


1816, April 29 1816, April 30 1817, March 3 1818, January 14 1819, March 3 1821, March 3 1822, February 19 1822, May 3 1823, March 23 1823, March 3, Ch. 50 1823, March 3, Ch. 53 1825, March 3 1828, May 19 1830, May 31 1834, June 25 1834, June 28, Ch. 95 1834, June 28, Ch. 96 1835, March 3 1837, February 13 1837, January 18 1837, October 12 1838, July 7 1838, May 21 1838, May 31 1839, March 2 1840, July 4 1840, March 31 1841, August 13 1841, February 15 1842, August 31 1842, January 31 1842, July 27 1843, February 27 1843, March 3 1843, March 3, Ch. 69 1843, March 3, Ch. 92 1844, April 2 1845, March 3

Foreign Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Mints and Assay Offices Foreign Coinage Acts Foreign Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Mints and Assay Offices Foreign Coinage Acts Foreign Coinage Acts Criminal Monetary Jurisdiction Mints and Assay Offices Mints and Assay Offices Foreign Coinage Acts Major Coinage Acts Foreign Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Mints and Assay Offices Major Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Mints and Assay Offices Acts regarding Notes Mints and Assay Offices Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Mints and Assay Offices Acts regarding Notes Foreign Coinage Acts Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Mints and Assay Offices Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House

3


Valuations 1846, August 6 1846, July 22 1846, May 22 1847, January 28 1849, March 3 1850, May 23 1850, September 30 1851, March 3 1851, March 3 1852, August 31 1852, July 3 1853, February 21 1853, March 3 1854, December 27 1857, December 23 1857, February 21 1860, December 17 1860, June 22 1861, August 5 1861, July 17 1861, March 2 1862, April 21 1862, February 12 1862, February 25 1862, July 11 1862, March 1 1862, March 17 1863, February 25 1863, March 3, Ch. 73 1863, March 3, Ch. 96 1864, April 22 1864, July 2 1864, July 2 1864, July 4 1864, June 17 1864, June 8 1865, February 23 Mints and Assay Offices Acts regarding Notes Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Acts regarding Notes Major Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Mints and Assay Offices Secondary Coinage Acts Secondary Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Mints and Assay Offices Major Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Foreign Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Mints and Assay Offices Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Mints and Assay Offices Secondary Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Criminal Monetary Jurisdiction Mints and Assay Offices Criminal Monetary Jurisdiction Criminal Monetary Jurisdiction Mints and Assay Offices

4


1865, March 3 1866, April 7 1866, May 16 1870, July 12 1871, April 20 1871, March 3 1873, February 12 1873, March 3 1874, January 29 1874, June 22 1875, January 14 1875, March 3, Ch. 143 1875, March 3, Ch. 192 1876, April 17 1876, July 22 Resolution 1877, January 16 1878, February 28 1878, June 19 1878, May 2 1878, May 31 1879, June 9 1882, July 12 1882, May 26 1886, August 4 1887, March 3 1890, July 14 1890, September 26 1890, September 26 1891, March 3 1892, August 5 Ch. 380 1892, August 5, Ch. 381 1893, March 3 1893, November 1 1895, February 20 1897, February 19 1897, March 3 1897, March 3 1898, June 13 1898, March 21

Secondary Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Secondary Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Mints and Assay Offices Secondary Coinage Acts Major Coinage Acts Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Mints and Assay Offices Mints and Assay Offices Acts regarding Notes Secondary Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Acts regarding Notes Secondary Coinage Acts Criminal Monetary Jurisdiction Major Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Secondary Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Major Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Mints and Assay Offices Acts regarding Notes Secondary Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Secondary Coinage Acts Secondary Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices conference 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Mints and Assay Offices Mints and Assay Offices Criminal Monetary Jurisdiction conference Secondary Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices

5


1899, March 3 1900, March 14 1901, March 3 1902, June 28 1903, January 14 1903, March 2 1904, April 13 1904, April 28 1908, May 18 1913, December 23 1915, January 16 1916, February 23 1917, July 9 1917, October 6 1918, April 23 1918, June 1 1919, December 24 1920, May 10, Ch. 176 1920, May 10, Ch. 177 1920, May 12 1920, May 29 1921, March 4 1922, February 2 1923, February 26 1923, January 24 1924, March 17 1925, February 24 1925, January 14 1925, March 3 1926, May 17 1928, March 7 1931, March 4 1933, April 5 Ex. Order 6102 1933, August 28 Ex. Order 6260 1933, December 21 Proclamation 2067 1933, July 26 Memorandum 1933, June 15 1933, June 15

1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Mints and Assay Offices 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations Foreign Coinage Acts, Custom-House Valuations 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Secondary Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Secondary Coinage Acts Criminal Monetary Jurisdiction Secondary Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception conference 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception

6


1933, June 5 Resolution 1933, March 6 Proclamation 2039 1933, March 9 1933, March 9 Proclamation 2040 1933, May 12 1934, August 9 Proclamation 2092 1934, January 30 1934, January 31 Proclamation 2072 1934, June 19 1934, June 21 1934, May 14 1934, May 26 1934, May 9 1935, August 13 1935, August 26 1935, June 5 1935, May 2 1935, May 3 1936, April 13 1936, June 16, Ch. 583 1936, June 16, Ch. 584 1936, June 16, Ch. 586 1936, June 24 1936, June 26, Ch. 835 1936, June 26, Ch. 837 1936, June 26, Ch. 846 1936, March 18 1936, March 31 1936, May 15, Ch. 399 1936, May 15, Ch. 402 1936, May 15, Ch. 406 1936, May 28 1936, May 5, Ch. 300 1936, May 5, Ch. 334 1936, May 6 1937, June 24 1937, June 28 1939, August 5 1939, July 6

Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception

7


1942, December 18 1942, March 27 1946, August 7, Ch. 763 1946, August 7, Ch. 767 1951, September 21 1955, July 11 1962, July 11 1962, September 5 1963, August 20 1963, December 30 1963, December 30 Resolution 1963, June 4 1964, September 3 1965, July 23 1965, March 3 1968, March 18 1972, March 30 1973, October 18 1973, September 21 1974, August 14 1974, October 11 1978, October 10 1978, October 10 1981, December 23 1982, July 22 1985, December 17 1985, July 9 1986, October 29 1987, October 28 1988, November 17 1988, October 3 1990, July 16 1990, October 2 1990, October 3 1990, October 31 1992, May 13 1992, October 15 1992, October 5 1992, October 6

Secondary Coinage Acts Secondary Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts 1892-1951 Commemorative Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Mints and Assay Offices Secondary Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Secondary Coinage Acts conference Acts regarding Notes Secondary Coinage Acts Clad Coinage Acts Acts regarding Notes Acts regarding Notes Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Clad Coinage Acts Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Acts, Orders, and Proclamations of Deception Clad Coinage Acts Clad Coinage Acts Clad Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts

8


1993, December 14 1994, August 25 1994, September 29 1995, December 26 1996, January 10 1996, October 20 1997, December 1 1998, May 29 1998, October 19 1998, October 31

Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Mints and Assay Offices Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts Modern Commemorative Coinage Acts

9


ContentsChronologicalListingofActsherein .............................................................................................................. 2 AppendixA:OrganicDocuments............................................................................................................... 19 Constitution............................................................................................................................................19 Amendments...........................................................................................................................................28 (DeclarationofIndependence)............................................................................................................... 37 (ArticlesofConfederationandPerpetualUnion)................................................................................... 42 AppendixB:MintStatistics17931902....................................................................................................... 50 SilverCoinageMintageStatistics17931902.......................................................................................... 51 SilverCoinageMintMintageStatistics17931902(odddenominations)..............................................54 GoldCoinageStatistics17931902(indollars)....................................................................................... 57 AppendixC:Reports ...................................................................................................................................60 SuperintendentRobertMorris1782Report .......................................................................................... 61 PROPOSITIONSRESPECTINGTHECOINAGEOFGOLD,SILVER,ANDCOPPER........................................66 SamuelOsgoodandWalterLivingstonsApril8,1786Report...............................................................69 April8,1786............................................................................................................................................72 ThomasJeffersons1791Report............................................................................................................ 74 AlexanderHamiltonsJanuary1791Report........................................................................................... 79 AppendixD:PrimaryCoinageActs ............................................................................................................. 99 1792,April2..........................................................................................................................................100 1834,June28........................................................................................................................................104 1837,January18...................................................................................................................................105 1849,March3.......................................................................................................................................111 1853,February21.................................................................................................................................112 1873,February12.................................................................................................................................114 1878,February28.................................................................................................................................126 1879,June9..........................................................................................................................................128 AppendixE:SecondaryCoinageActs....................................................................................................... 129 1792,May8..........................................................................................................................................130 1793,January14...................................................................................................................................131

10


1796,May27........................................................................................................................................132 1800,April24........................................................................................................................................133 1851,March3.......................................................................................................................................134 1853,March3.......................................................................................................................................135 1864,April22........................................................................................................................................136 1865,March3.......................................................................................................................................137 1866,May16........................................................................................................................................139 1871,March3.......................................................................................................................................141 1875,March3.......................................................................................................................................142 1876,July22Resolution....................................................................................................................... 143 1878,May2..........................................................................................................................................144 1887,March3.......................................................................................................................................145 1890,September26.............................................................................................................................. 146 1890,September26.............................................................................................................................. 147 1898,June13........................................................................................................................................148 1908,May18........................................................................................................................................149 1917,July9...........................................................................................................................................150 1918,April23........................................................................................................................................151 1942,March27.....................................................................................................................................153 1942,December18............................................................................................................................... 155 1962,September5................................................................................................................................158 1963,December30............................................................................................................................... 159 1964,September3................................................................................................................................160 AppendixF:ForeignCoinageActs............................................................................................................ 161 1793,February9...................................................................................................................................162 1797,July22Proclamation................................................................................................................... 163 1798,February1...................................................................................................................................164 1802,April30........................................................................................................................................165 1806,April10........................................................................................................................................166 1816,April29........................................................................................................................................167 1819,March3.......................................................................................................................................168 1821,March3.......................................................................................................................................169

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1823,March3,Ch.50........................................................................................................................... 170 1823,March3,Ch.53........................................................................................................................... 171 1834,June25........................................................................................................................................172 1834,June28;Ch.96............................................................................................................................ 173 1843,March3;Ch.69........................................................................................................................... 174 1857,February21.................................................................................................................................175 CustomHouseValuationsofForeignCoinsandCurrencies............................................................177 1789,July31.....................................................................................................................................178 1790,August4..................................................................................................................................179 1791,March3...................................................................................................................................180 1799,February28............................................................................................................................. 181 1799,March2...................................................................................................................................182 1801,March3...................................................................................................................................183 1842,July27.....................................................................................................................................184 1843,March3,Ch.92....................................................................................................................... 185 1845,March3...................................................................................................................................186 1846,May22....................................................................................................................................187 1861,March2...................................................................................................................................188 1873,March3...................................................................................................................................189 1903,January14............................................................................................................................... 190 1903,March2...................................................................................................................................192 AppendixG:CommemorativeCoinageActs18921951........................................................................ 195 1892,August5......................................................................................................................................196 1893,March3.......................................................................................................................................198 1899,March3.......................................................................................................................................201 1902,June28........................................................................................................................................202 1904,April13........................................................................................................................................204 1904,April28........................................................................................................................................208 1915,January16...................................................................................................................................209 1916,February23.................................................................................................................................211 1918,June1..........................................................................................................................................212 1920,May10........................................................................................................................................213

12


1920,May10........................................................................................................................................214 1920,May12........................................................................................................................................215 1921,March4.......................................................................................................................................216 1922,February2...................................................................................................................................217 1923,January24...................................................................................................................................218 1923,February26.................................................................................................................................219 1924,March17.....................................................................................................................................220 1925,January14...................................................................................................................................221 1925,February24.................................................................................................................................222 1925,March3.......................................................................................................................................224 1926,May17........................................................................................................................................226 1928,March7.......................................................................................................................................227 1931,March4.......................................................................................................................................228 1933,June15........................................................................................................................................229 1934,May9..........................................................................................................................................230 1934,May14........................................................................................................................................231 1934,May26........................................................................................................................................232 1934,June21........................................................................................................................................233 1935,May2..........................................................................................................................................234 1935,May3..........................................................................................................................................235 1935,June5..........................................................................................................................................236 1935,August26....................................................................................................................................237 1936,March18.....................................................................................................................................238 1936,March31.....................................................................................................................................239 1936,April13........................................................................................................................................240 1936,May5..........................................................................................................................................241 1936,May5..........................................................................................................................................242 1936,May5..........................................................................................................................................243 1936,May15........................................................................................................................................244 1936,May15........................................................................................................................................245 1936,May15........................................................................................................................................246 1936,May28........................................................................................................................................247

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1936,June16........................................................................................................................................248 1936,June16........................................................................................................................................249 1936,June16........................................................................................................................................250 1936,June24........................................................................................................................................251 1936,June26........................................................................................................................................252 1936,June26........................................................................................................................................253 1936,June26........................................................................................................................................254 1937,June24........................................................................................................................................255 1937,June28........................................................................................................................................256 1939,August5......................................................................................................................................257 1946,August7......................................................................................................................................258 1946,August7......................................................................................................................................259 1951,September21.............................................................................................................................. 260 AppendixH:ModernCommemorativeCoinageActs.............................................................................. 262 1981,December23............................................................................................................................... 263 1982,July22.........................................................................................................................................265 1985,July9...........................................................................................................................................269 1985,December17............................................................................................................................... 273 1986,October29..................................................................................................................................275 1987,October28..................................................................................................................................277 1988,October3....................................................................................................................................280 1988,November17.............................................................................................................................. 283 1990,July16.........................................................................................................................................286 1990,October2....................................................................................................................................289 1990,October3....................................................................................................................................292 1990,October31..................................................................................................................................295 1992,May13........................................................................................................................................299 1992,October5....................................................................................................................................314 1992,October6....................................................................................................................................317 1992,October14..................................................................................................................................329 1993,December14............................................................................................................................... 334 1994,September29.............................................................................................................................. 343

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1995,December26............................................................................................................................... 355 1996,January10...................................................................................................................................356 1996,October20..................................................................................................................................359 1997,December1.................................................................................................................................368 1998,May29........................................................................................................................................374 1998,October19..................................................................................................................................375 1998,October31..................................................................................................................................378 ExhibitI:Mints&AssayOffices ................................................................................................................ 381 1791,March3Resolution..................................................................................................................... 382 1794,March3.......................................................................................................................................383 1795,March3.......................................................................................................................................384 1800,May14........................................................................................................................................386 1801,March3.......................................................................................................................................387 1803,March3.......................................................................................................................................388 1808,April1..........................................................................................................................................389 1812,December2.................................................................................................................................390 1818,January14...................................................................................................................................391 1823,March23.....................................................................................................................................392 1828,May19........................................................................................................................................393 1830,May31........................................................................................................................................394 1835,March3.......................................................................................................................................395 1837,February13.................................................................................................................................397 1843,February27.................................................................................................................................398 1844,April2..........................................................................................................................................399 1850,May23........................................................................................................................................400 1840,July4...........................................................................................................................................401 1841,August13....................................................................................................................................409 1846,August6......................................................................................................................................411 1850,September30.............................................................................................................................. 419 1852,July3...........................................................................................................................................421 1852,August31....................................................................................................................................423 1853,March3.......................................................................................................................................424

15


1862,April21........................................................................................................................................426 1863,March3.......................................................................................................................................428 1864,July2...........................................................................................................................................430 1864,July4...........................................................................................................................................431 1865,February23.................................................................................................................................433 1871,April20........................................................................................................................................434 1874,January29...................................................................................................................................435 1874,June22........................................................................................................................................436 1875,March3.......................................................................................................................................437 1878,June19........................................................................................................................................438 1882,May26........................................................................................................................................441 1891,March3.......................................................................................................................................442 1895,February20.................................................................................................................................443 1897,February19.................................................................................................................................444 1898,March21.....................................................................................................................................447 1901,March3.......................................................................................................................................448 1920,May29........................................................................................................................................449 1935,August13....................................................................................................................................451 1962,July11.........................................................................................................................................452 1963,August20....................................................................................................................................454 1994,August25....................................................................................................................................455 ExhibitJ:ActsRegardingNotes................................................................................................................ 456 1812,June30........................................................................................................................................457 1813,February25.................................................................................................................................459 1814,March4.......................................................................................................................................462 1814,December26............................................................................................................................... 465 1815,February24.................................................................................................................................467 1816,April30........................................................................................................................................470 1817,March3.......................................................................................................................................471 1822,February19.................................................................................................................................472 1822,May3..........................................................................................................................................473 1837,October12..................................................................................................................................474

16


1838,May21........................................................................................................................................477 1838,May31........................................................................................................................................478 1838,July7...........................................................................................................................................479 1839,March2.......................................................................................................................................480 1840,March31.....................................................................................................................................481 1841,February15.................................................................................................................................482 1842,January31...................................................................................................................................483 1842,August31....................................................................................................................................484 1843,March3.......................................................................................................................................485 1846,July22.........................................................................................................................................486 1847,January28...................................................................................................................................487 1854,December27............................................................................................................................... 491 1857,December23............................................................................................................................... 493 1860,June22........................................................................................................................................496 1860,December17............................................................................................................................... 497 1861,July17.........................................................................................................................................500 1861,August5......................................................................................................................................503 1862,February12.................................................................................................................................505 1862,February25.................................................................................................................................506 1862,March1.......................................................................................................................................509 1862,March17.....................................................................................................................................510 1862,July11.........................................................................................................................................511 1863,February25.................................................................................................................................513 1863,March3.......................................................................................................................................530 1866,April7..........................................................................................................................................534 1870,July12.........................................................................................................................................535 1875,January14...................................................................................................................................538 1876,April17........................................................................................................................................539 1878,May31........................................................................................................................................540 1882,July12.........................................................................................................................................541 1886,August4......................................................................................................................................545 1887,March3.......................................................................................................................................546

17


1890,July14.........................................................................................................................................547 1892,August5......................................................................................................................................549 1893,November1................................................................................................................................550 1897,March3.......................................................................................................................................551 1900,March14.....................................................................................................................................552 1913,December23............................................................................................................................... 556 1919,December24............................................................................................................................... 578 1955,July11.........................................................................................................................................583 1963,June4..........................................................................................................................................584 1963,December30Resolution............................................................................................................. 585 1965,March3.......................................................................................................................................586 1968,March18.....................................................................................................................................587 ExhibitK:CriminalMonetaryJurisdiction................................................................................................ 589 1790,April30........................................................................................................................................590 1806,April21........................................................................................................................................596 1825,March3.......................................................................................................................................597 1864,June8..........................................................................................................................................604 1864,June17........................................................................................................................................605 1864,July2...........................................................................................................................................606 1877,January16...................................................................................................................................607 1897,March3.......................................................................................................................................608 1917,October6....................................................................................................................................609 Title18,UnitedStatesCode,Section7................................................................................................. 623 ExhibitL:TheGreatDeception&theDupingofAmerica........................................................................624 1933,March6Proclamation2039 ........................................................................................................ 625 1933,March9.......................................................................................................................................627 1933,March9,1933Proclamation2040 .............................................................................................. 633 1933,April5ExecutiveOrderNo.6102................................................................................................ 634 Goldconfiscationposter....................................................................................................................... 636 1933,May12........................................................................................................................................637 1933,June5Resolution........................................................................................................................ 657 1933,June15........................................................................................................................................658

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1933,August28ExecutiveOrder6260 ................................................................................................. 659 1933,December21ProclamationNo.2067......................................................................................... 663 1934,January30...................................................................................................................................665 1934,January31ProclamationNo.2072............................................................................................. 672 1934,June19........................................................................................................................................674 1934,August9ProclamationNo.2092................................................................................................ 678 1939,July6...........................................................................................................................................680 1972,March31.....................................................................................................................................682 1973,September21.............................................................................................................................. 683 1974,August14....................................................................................................................................685 AppendixM:MiscellaneousCoinageActs............................................................................................... 686 1965,July23.........................................................................................................................................687 1973,October18..................................................................................................................................692 1974,October11..................................................................................................................................693 1978,October10..................................................................................................................................695 1978,October10..................................................................................................................................698 AppendixN:Title31UNITEDSTATESCODE......................................................................................... 699

Appendix A: Organic DocumentsConstitution

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

19

Article. I.Section 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section 2. (Clause 1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. (Cl. 2) No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. (Cl. 3) Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.* The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.*(see 13th and 14th Amendments)

(Cl. 4) When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies. (Cl 5) The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment. Section 3. (Cl. 1) The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof,* for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.*(see 17th Amendment)

(Cl. 2) Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.**(see 17th Amendment)

(Cl. 3) No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. (Cl. 4) The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.

20

Appendix A: Organic Documents

(Cl 5) The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States. (Cl. 6) The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present. (Cl. 7) Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law. Section 4. (Cl. 1) The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators. (Cl. 2) The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December*, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.*(see 20th Amendment)

Section 5. (Cl. 1) Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide. (Cl. 2) Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behavior, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. (Cl. 3) Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal. (Cl. 4) Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. Section 6. (Cl. 1) The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place. (Cl. 2) No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time: and no

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Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office. Section 7. (Cl. 1) All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. (Cl. 2) Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. (Cl. 3) Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. Section 8. (Cl. 1) The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; (Cl. 2) To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; (Cl. 3) To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; (Cl. 4) To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; (Cl. 5) To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; (Cl. 6) To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; (Cl. 7) To establish Post Offices and post Roads; (Cl. 8) To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; (Cl. 9)To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; (Cl. 10) To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;

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(Cl. 11) To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; (Cl. 12) To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; (Cl. 13) To provide and maintain a Navy; (Cl. 14) To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; (Cl. 15) To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; (Cl. 16) To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; (Cl. 17) To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;--And (Cl. 18) To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Section 9. (Cl. 1) The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. (Cl. 2) The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. (Cl. 3) No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. (Cl. 4) No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken. (Cl. 5) No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. (Cl. 6) No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. (Cl. 7) No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time. (Cl. 8) No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

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Section 10. (Cl. 1) No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. (Cl. 2) No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. (Cl. 3) No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.

Article. II.Section 1. (Cl. 1) The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows: (Cl. 2) Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. (Cl. 3) *The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President. (Cl. 4) The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States. (Cl. 5) No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall

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any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. (Cl. 6) *In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. (Cl. 7) The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. (Cl. 8) Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:--I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. Section 2. (Cl. 1) The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. (Cl. 2) He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law; but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. (Cl. 3) The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session. Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States. Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

Article III.

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Section 1. The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Section 2. (Cl. 1) The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;--to Controversies between two or more States; *between a State and Citizens of another State;--between Citizens of different Sates;--between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. (Cl. 2) In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. (Cl. 3) The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. Section 3. (Cl. 1) Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. (Cl. 2) The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.

Article IV.Section 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. Section 2. (Cl. 1) The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. (Cl. 2) A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

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(Cl. 3) *No Person held to Service or Labor in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labor, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labor may be due. Section 3. (Cl. 1) New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. (Cl. 2) The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

Article. V.The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

Article. VI.(Cl. 1) All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. (Cl. 2) This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. (Cl. 3) The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

Article. VII.(Cl. 1) The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

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(Cl. 2) Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth IN WITNESS whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names, Go. Washington-Presidt. and deputy from Virginia New Hampshire: John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman Massachusetts: Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King Connecticut: Wm: Saml. Johnson, Roger Sherman New York: Alexander Hamilton New Jersey: Wil: Livingston, David Brearly, Wm..Paterson, Jona: Dayton Pensylvania: B Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robt Morris, Geo. Clymer, Thos FitzSimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson, Gouv Morris Delaware: Geo: Read, Gunning Bedford jun, John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, Jaco: Broom Maryland: James McHenry, Dan of St Thos Jenifer, Danl Carroll Virginia: John Blair--, James Madison Jr. North Carolina :Wm.. Blount, Richd. Dobbs Spaight, Hu Williamson South Carolina: J. Rutledge, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler Georgia: William Few, Abr Baldwin Attest William Jackson Secretary

Amendments(Note: 12 Articles were originally submitted to the States. The first was never ratified. The second Article was ratified in 1992 as the 27th Amendment. The third Article became the First Amendment, fourth Article the Second Amendment, and so on.) ____________________________________________ Congress OF THE United States begun and held at the City of New York, on Wednesday the Fourth of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty nine THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution.

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RESOLVED, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress Assembled, two thirds of both Houses concurring that the following Articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all, or any of which Articles, when ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution; viz. ARTICLES in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution... Frederick Augustus Muhlenburg Speaker of the House of Representatives. John Adams, Vice President of the United States, and President of the Senate Attest, John Beckley, Clerk of the House of Representatives Sam. A. Otis Secretary of the Senate First Amendment (December 15, 1791) Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Second Amendment A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Third Amendment No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Fourth Amendment The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Fifth Amendment No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation