Monday, May 6th Entry Task

Answer the following questions using full sentences, IQIA

1. Which two atoms are most common in Earth’s crust? In the human body?

2. What are the particles that make up an atom?

3. What happens when an atom forms an ion?

Schedule:• 5.1- Atoms notes• How Many Article

Homework:• None if everything is done

in class

Objective:•I can explain how atoms are the smallest form of elements and how ions are formed

Please have on Desk:• 5.1 RSG

Atom Notes

• – the science that studies the properties of substances and how they react with each other

• All substances are made of ATOMS and what atoms they are made of determines their properties

Chemistry

Atoms-are the smallest building blocks of matter that cannot be created, destroyed or divided.

• Exception: Atoms can be split by nuclear reactions

How small are atoms?

There are 2 x 10There are 2 x 102222 zinc and copper zinc and copper atoms in an ordinary penny! That is atoms in an ordinary penny! That is 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000!20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000!

What is inside an atom?

• Nucleus – the dense center of the atom made of protons and neutrons

pp

pp

p

p ProtonsNeutrons

Nucleus

Let’s be positive!

• Protons –positively charged particles in the nucleus – p+

pp

pp

p

p ProtonsNeutrons

Nucleus

Protons have a mass of one amuProtons have a mass of one amu

I don’t get a charge out of you

• Neutrons - neutral particles in the nucleus – n0

pp

pp

p

p ProtonsNeutrons

Nucleus

Neutrons have a mass of one amuNeutrons have a mass of one amu

What is on the outside?

• Electrons – Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in shells – e-

pp

pp

p

p ProtonsNeutrons

Nucleus

Electrons

Shell

Neutral atoms have balance!

• In neutral atoms the # of protons equals the # of electrons, but the neutrons can be different

pp

pp

p

p ProtonsNeutrons

Nucleus

Electrons

Shell5

54

Forces in the Atom, part 1

Gravity: pulls objects Gravity: pulls objects toward one another. It toward one another. It depends on the mass of depends on the mass of

the object and how the object and how far apart the far apart the

objects areobjects areThe force of gravity The force of gravity in atoms is very in atoms is very small.small.

Forces in the Atom, part 2

Electromagnetic Force: protons and electrons are attracted to each other because they have opposite charges

Forces in the Atom, part 3

Strong Force: protons repel each other because they have the same charge. The strong force overcomes this repulsion to hold the nucleus together.

Forces in the Atom, part 4

The Weak Force: is an important force in radioactive atoms.

How Many?

• Read the article thoroughly

• For each step:– Identify what the step is trying to do (trying to

find/figure out)– Summarize each step with a 2+ sentence

summary

Reading in Summary

In Summary...• For any element:

– Number of Protons = Atomic Number– Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = Atomic

Number– Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic

Number• For krypton:

– Number of Protons = Atomic Number = 36– Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = Atomic

Number = 36– Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic

Number = 84 - 36 = 48.

Tuesday, May 7th Entry Task

1. Draw a picture of an atom and label the following: Nucleus, electrons, protons, neutrons.2.Explain what an Isotope is using a specific example.

Schedule:• Made to Order

Homework• Read/RSG 5.2

Objective: •I can understand the structure of an atom

Wednesday, May 8th Entry Task

• Some supermarkets now sell books, flowers, and prescription drugs in addition to eggs, meat and cereal.•Suppose that you decided to go into the business of opening and running a supermarket grocery store. •With a partner: Brainstorm between 50 and 100 items that you would sell at your supermarket. One of you be the recorder and write these items on a separate piece of paper

Schedule:• Periodic Table

Homework:• Read/RSG 5.3

Objective: •I can understand that elements make up the periodic table

Please have on desk:• 5.2 RSG

Do the following to set up your grocery store

• DRAW a map showing the locations of all the items in your store. Give some thought to what will be at the front of each aisle, and what will be at the back, and how the store will be arranged from left to right

• Keep in mind which items you want shoppers to see as they enter the store and which should be near as they approach the cash register. Would either of these factors alter your arrangement?

• Consider the arrangement of items going from left to right across your store. Why did you choose to arrange the items that way

Reflecting on the activity

Organizing 50 to 100 items in your store is not unlike the problem faced by Mendeleev when he organized about the same number of chemical elements into the periodic table. In the following days you will learn about the properties of chemical elements that led Mendeleev to arrange the elements the way he did and the information about them provided by the periodic table.

Mendeleev’s Period Table

• 1860 he began thinking about how he could organize the elements based on their physical and chemical properties.

• Mendeleev liked card games so he made a set of card with each element on it and spent hours trying to arrange the cards into a pattern.

• He figured out a way to organize, similar to the organization of solitaire. – Instead of similar suits (heart, spade, etc) he did similar

properties– Instead of decreasing number he did increasing atomic mass-

the average mass of all the element’s isotopes.• Finally produced the first periodic table of the elements

in 1869

Thursday, May 9th Entry Task Answer the following questions in full sentences, IQIA.1.In the periodic table where does the atomic number appear?2.What organizing method did Mendeleev use?3.What do the questions marks in Mendeleev’s first published periodic table (p. 146) represent?

Schedule:• Reading the Periodic Table

Homework:• Elements, Isotopes and

Ions worksheet

Objective: •I can understand how to read the periodic table

Please have on desk:• 5.3 RSG

Reading Each Element

1. ATOMIC NUMBER - # of protons

2. CHEMICAL SYMBOL- abbreviation of name

3. NAME – full name of the element

4. ATOMIC MASS- average atomic mass of all the isotopes of the element

Mercury200.59

80

Atomic Number

Chemical Symbol

Name

Atomic mass

Groups

• Columns (Vertical, up and down, on top of each other)

• Show similarities in their chemical and physical properties

• Labeled by number at top of column

• Can be called a family of elements because they seem to be related

Periods

• Horizontal row • Change from metal to

non metals going from left to right

• Not much else is similar

Trends

• Atoms form ions by losing or gaining electrons– Group 1 atoms lose an electron to form ions with 1+

charge– Group 2 atoms lose two electrons to form ions with a

charge of 2+– Group 18 do not form ions– Group 17 gain an electron to form a 1- ion– Group 16 gain two electrons to form 2- ion– Group 3-12 form ions but they are different and

charges can vary

More Trends

Friday, May 10th

Entry Task:

Look for the elements below in the periodic table on page 148-149. Write how each pair of elements are related.

1. Calcium and barium2. Lithium and carbon3. Uranium and curium

Schedule:• Getting to know the

periodic table

Objective: • I can understand that the

periodic table is a map of the elements

Homework:• Finish filling in the periodic table and labeling the periods and groups

Please have on desk:• EII worksheet