xelovneba

operamokle eqskursi

ekaterine buCukuri

opera oTxi saukunis win daibada da mas Semdeg milionobiT adamianis sayvarel Janrad iqca.

opera (Opera – ital. naSromi, Txzule-ba) aris musikalur-dramatuli xelovne-bis Janri, romelSic Sinaarsi gadmoicema musikaluri dramaturgiis saSualebebiT, ZiriTadad, vokaluri musikiT. masSi gaer-Tianebulia poezia da dramatuli xelovne-ba, vokaluri da instrumentuli musika, cekva da mimika, dekoraciebis da kostiu-mebis mxatvroba. musikisa da dramis Serwy-ma, didi saSemsruleblo koleqtivis mona-wileoba (solistebi, gundi, orkestri), scenuri sanaxaoba waruSlel mxatvrul STabeWdilebas axdens, romelsac dRemde sinTezurobiT verc erTi sxva dramatuli xelovnebis saxeoba Seedreba.

78

juzepe fortunino franCesko

verdi (1813-1901)

opera

oTxasi wlis man-Zilze saopero Sedev-rebis istoria, ro-gorc wesi, iwyeboda warmatebuli premie-riT. premiera zogjer triumfad iqceoda (ro-gorc es verdis opera „nabuqos“ SemTxvevaSi moxda – operis dadgma na-cionaluri movlena gax-da, an vagneris „nibelunge-bis beWdis“ premiera, rome-lic msoflio movlenad aRiares), zogjer ki – fiaskod da, rogorc wesi, warumatebeli premiera operis samudamod da-samarebas niSnavda. Tumca arse-bobs gamonaklisebic, rodesac geni-aluri nawarmoebis „biografia“ kra-

xiT daiwyo: dRes Zneli dasa-jerebelia, rom Tavis dro-

ze Cavarda iseTi operebis premierebi, rogoricaa rosi-

nis „sevilieli dalaqi“ (1816), verdis „traviata“ (1853), bizes

„karmeni“ (1875), beThovenis „fidelio“ (1805), vagneris

italieli kompozitori, XIX s-is italiuri operis yvelaze didi warmomadgeneli. misi qmnilebebis umetesoba aRiarebulia saopero Sedevre-bad da gvxvdeba msoflios yvela

didi saopero Teatris repertuarSi.

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xelovneba

`nabuqo~ _ juzepe verdis opera, Seiqmna 1841 wels, misi premiera gaimarTa 1842 wlis 9 marts milanSi, la skalas TeatrSi. `nabuqos~ libreto ekuTvnis Temistokle soleras (1815-1878). opera mogviTxrobs babiloneli mefe nabuqos mier ebraelTa datyvevebis Sesaxeb. ebraelebi mZime mdgo-mareobaSi arian, magram maT rwmena aZlie-rebT. nabuqo Tavs RmerTad acxadebs da eb-raelTa daxocvas brZanebs. ufali mas sas-jelad sigiJes mouvlens. nabuqo xedavs, rogor mihyavT babilonelebs misi iude-velTa sarwmunoebaze moqceuli qaliSvi-li fenena sikvdiliT dasasjelad. nabuqo-Si sulieri gardatexa xdeba, is gons moege-ba, ebraelTa RmerTs patiebas sTxovs, dan-greuli taZris aRdgenas hpirdeba, kerps amsxvrevs da tyve ebraelebs aTavisuf-lebs.

vilhelm rihard vagneri (1813-1883)germaneli saopero kompozitori, diri-Jori, dramaturgi, filosofosi, revo-lucioneri. sakuTari operebis libre-tos avtori. saukuneTa gasaYyarze vagne-ris saopero Semoqmedebam udidesi gav-lena iqonia evropul kulturaze.

NABUCCO

„tanhoizeri“ (1861), puCinis „madam baterflai“ (1904), k. vailis „qalaq maxagonis aRzeveba da dacema“ (1930).

Tanamedrove xelovneba ara mxolod sulierebis, aramed garkveulwilad komerciis nawilic gaxda. ope-ra da saopero Teatri am mxriv naklebad `momgebiani~ sferoa, es aris fufuneba, romelsac yovelTvis hyav-da mecenatebi (dRes – sponsorebi) da is qveynis pres-tiJis da misi ganviTarebis donis erT-erTi indikato-ria.

SesaZlebelia Tu ara niWis da nawarmoebis maRal-mxatvrulobis cifrebiT, statistikiT an kultu-rul-istoriuli procesebiT gadamowmeba? am mxriv saintereso informacias iZleva saiti operabase.com, sadac SeiZleba moZieba, Tu romeli operebi da saopero kompozitorebi arian dResdReobiT yvelaze popularuli msoflioSi.

2011/12-2015/16 wlebis saopero Teatrebis xuTi Teatraluri sezonis mixedviT, romelTa ganmavloba-Si 1281 kompozitoris 2662 sxvadasxva saopero nawar-moebi iyo warmodgenili, msoflioSi yvelaze didi moTxovna Semdeg 10 operazea:

1.� „traviata“ – juzepe verdi

2.� „jadosnuri fleita“ – volfgang amadeus mocarti

3.� „karmeni“ – JorJ bize

4.� „bohema“ –jakomo puCini

5.� „toska“ – jakomo puCini

6.� `madam baterflai“ – jakomo puCini

7.� „sevilieli dalaqi“ – joakino rosini

8.� „figaros qorwineba“ – volfgang amadeus mocarti

9.� `don jovani“ – volfgang amadeus mocarti

10.� „rigoleto“ – juzepe verdi

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meore oceulSi Sedis: verdis kidev sami opera („aida“, `nabuqo“, trubaduri“), donicetis „siyvaru-lis neqtari“, mocartis „ase iqceva yvela“, puCinis „turandoti“, le-onkavalos „jambazebi“, Caikovskis „evgeni onegini“. rac Seexeba vag-neris genialur operebs, isini saer-Tod ar aris oceulSi, `mfrinavi holandieli“ mxolod 24-e adgil-zea.

da mainc, saidan modis operis Janri da ram gansazRvra misi aseTi sicocxlisunarianoba? am kiTxveb-

ze pasuxis gasacemad mogviwevs ope-ris saTaveebTan dabruneba.

operis dabadeba

XVI-XVII saukuneebis mijna xelovnebaSi mniSvnelo-vani cvlilebebiT, maT Soris, stilebis monacvleo-biT xasiaTdeba – aRorZinebis epoqas cvlis baroko. ibadeba Tanamedrove musikaluri Janrebi: opera, oratoria, kantata, koncerti, suita, sonata, sim-foniac ki, rogorc musikaluri termini, swored am periodSi gaCnda.

XVI saukunis bolos polifoniis (mravalxmiano-bis) monodiiT (erTxmianobiT) Canacvlebam operas ga-nviTarebis farTo gza gauxsna da XVII saukuneSi saek-lesio musikidan yuradRebam saero musikaze gadai-nacvla. barokos epoqis yvelaze prioritetul Janrad iqca opera. vinCenco galileim traqtatSi `dialogi Zvel da axal musikaze~ gamoTqva azri, rom Tanamedrove musika daSorda antikur tragedias da

CARMENT

HE

MA

GIC

FLU

TE

La

BO

HE

MA

TANNHAUSER

opera

81

florenciuli kamerata (kamerata niSnavs patara

kamerul gundsa Tu orkestrs) iyo gviani renesan-

sis epoqis florenciaSi humanist-filosofose-

bis, musikosebis, poetebisa da inteleqtualebis

gaerTianeba, Seqmnili 1573 wels. jgufis Sekre-

bebs mfarvelobda grafi jovani bardi da amitom

gaerTianebas misi saxeliTac moixsenieben

(Camerata de' Bardi). jgufi ikribeboda da msje-

lobda, Tu rogor SeiZleboda Zveli berZnuli

musikis gardasaxva imdroindel italiur musi-

kaSi.

aucilebelia axali deklamaciuri stilis Seqmna, romlis mTavari mizani iqneba gamo-avlinos poeturi teqstis yoveli niuansi da wina planze wamowios mTavari musika-luri azris gamomxatveli elementi – „me-lodia“. ZvelberZnuli tragediis aRorZi-nebis cdam safuZveli Cauyara axal sinTe-zur Janrs – dramma per musica-s (musikalu-ri drama), antikuri miTologiis siuJetze, anu opera scenico-s, romelic SemdgomSi (1639) SemoklebiT opera-s saxelwodebiT gaxda cnobili. mogvianebiT, XIX saukuneSi, rihard vagneri daubrunda operis am pir-velad dasaxelebas da mas kvlav „musikalu-ri drama“ uwoda.

florenciuli `kameratas” wevrebTan – poet otavio rinuCinis, kompozitor-mom-RerlebTan – jakopo perisa da julio kaCi-nis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli pirveli operebis Seqmna, romelTa idea ZvelberZ-nuli tragediis aRorZineba iyo.

pirvel operas – `dafnes~ (1597) Cvenam-de ar mouRwevia. misi avtorebi arian kom-pozitori jakopo peri da poeti otavio rinuCini (libretos avtori). dRemde Se-morCenili pirveli saopero partitura, 1600 wels imave avtorebis opera `evridi-kea~, romelic henrix IV-sa da maria mediCis qorwinebisTvis Seiqmna. miTi orfevsisa da evridikes siyvarulis da musikis yovlis-SemZle Zalis Sesaxeb Semdgomac mravali

IACOPOPERI

CREATORE DEL

MELODRAMMA

xelovneba

82

operis siuJets daedo safuZvlad (kaCini, monteverdi, rosi, gluki da sxv.).

TandaTan italiaSi gaCnda saopero sko-lebi – florenciaSi, romSi, veneciaSi, nea-polSi. TiToeulma maTganma ganumeorebe-li kvali datova Janris istoriaSi, Camoya-libda operis ZiriTadi saxeobebi: opera-seria (seriozuli opera) da opera-bufa (komikuri opera).

pirveli sajaro saopero Teatri, „san kasiano“, 1637 wels veneciaSi gaixsna. manam-de opera mxolod karis gasarTobi sanaxao-ba iyo. Janris mzard popularobaze mety-velebs is, rom XVII saukunis II naxevarSi ve-neciaSi ukve Svidi saopero Teatri funq-cionirebda, romelTa repertuarSi 40-ze meti opera iyo.

XVII saukunis damlevs veneciur saope-ro skolas pirveloba CamoarTva neapolma. swored neapolis mdidarma folklorma ganapiroba iq saopero melodikis gansa-kuTrebuli ayvaveba. amasTanave, XVI sauku-nis damlevs, neapolis musikalur cxovre-baSi udidesi roli iTamaSa profesiuli musikis keram – konservatoriam. ase uwo-debdnen imxanad upatrono bavSvTa saxls, sadac mozardebs xelobasTan erTad musi-kas aswavlidnen da virtuoz-momRerlebsa da instrumentalistebs zrdidnen.

barokos epoqis saopero xelovnebaSi udidesi mniSvneloba kastratebs eniWebo-

san kasiano

daT, romlebic belkantos ubadlo Semsruleb-lebi iyvnen. Bel canto (mSvenieri mRera) aris me-lodiuri, teqnikurad srulyofili, virtuo-zuli sasimRero stili, romelSic daixvewa ko-loraturis teqnika, improvizaciuli Tavi-sufleba, ornamentika. kastratebis gamoCena imiT aixsneba, rom Sua saukuneebis evropa qa-lebs ar aZlevda eklesiaSi galobis uflebas da maRali xmebis partiebs biWunebi asrulebdnen. zrdasTan erTad momRerlebs xma rom ar dabo-xebodaT, maT kastracias ukeTebdnen da am gziT unarCunebdnen qalis msgavs xmas. miuxedavad imisa, rom kastracia ar mougoniaT evropaSi, swored aq daiwyes misi gamoyeneba profesio-

koloratura _ simReris dros melodiis Semkoba

teqnikurad brwyinvale, virtuozuli pasaJebiT.

kastratebi

barokos epoqis Teatri

opera

83

xelovneba

nali momRerlebis momzadebis procesSi. pirveli oficialurad aRiarebuli momRe-rali-kastratebi iyvnen pietro paolo foliniato da jirolamo rosini, romle-bic XVI saukunis bolos romis taZrebSi mRerodnen.

kaTolikuri eklesiis pozicia momRe-ral-kastratebis mimarT orgvari iyo. er-Ti mxriv, is krZalavda qalTa mReras sazo-gadoebriv adgilebSi da amiT zrunavda sa-zogadoebriv moralze, meore mxriv ki, ga-mosvlis nebas aZlevda iseT momRerlebs, romelTa bunebac qirurgiuli gziT iyo Secvlili. 1780 wels romSi oficialurad 200 kastrati iyo. ukanasknel kastratad iTvleba romis papis kapelis diriJori alesandro moreski (1858-1922).

film `kastrati farinelis~ fonogra-mis avtorebma gamoCenili kastrat-sop-ranos – farinelis (karlo broski) xmis konstruireba kompiuteris daxmarebiT SeZles, maT erT tembrSi SeaerTes ori mom-Rerlis – kontrtenoris da koloraturu-li sopranos xmebi; amasTanave zogierTi bgera, romelsac ver mRerian Tanamedrove momRerlebi, sinTezirebulia specialuri aparaturiT.

kastratebis xmis farTo diapazoni, JReradobis siZliere da improvizaciu-li xerxebis floba aucilebeli iyo ba-rokos operaSi, rodesac kompozitorebi

miuTiTebdnen mxolod vokalur Temas, xo-lo niuansebsa da damuSavebas Semsruleb-els andobdnen. klasikuri italiuri ope-ris ayvavebis xanaSi swored Semsrule-beli, da ara kompozitori, iyo nomeri pir-veli musikaSi.

dRes Tanamedrove `farinelebs~ amza-deben ara saoperacio magidaze, aramed konservatoriebSi da maT sxvagvarad – kontrtenorebs – uwodeben. es aris mama-kacis xma, romlis simaRlec msgavsia qalis xmisa – kontraltos, mecosopranos an sop-ranosi, magram JReradobiT gansxvavdeba qalis xmisgan saxmo aparatis gamo.

italiidan opera mTel evropaSi gavr-celda. pirveli qveyana, romelmac itali-uri operisaTvis konkurenciis gaweva SeZ-lo da sakuTar enaze dawerili, sabaleto

karlo broski Jan-batist liuli

franguli opera baletis scenebiT

84

nomrebiT datvirTuli erovnuli operis nimu-Sebi daupirispira, safrangeTi iyo. safrange-Tis absoluturi monarqiis fufunebisken swrafva uSualod ukavSirdeba barokos stils, romelmac srulyofilebas „mefe mzis“ lui –XIV-is xanaSi miaRwia. safrangeTSi erovnuli opera organulad Seerwya franguli Teatra -luri xelovnebis mdidar tradiciebs drama– -tul Teatrs (korneli, rasini, molieri), saba-leto xelovnebas da agreTve frang instru-mentalistTa Semoqmedebas. 1671 wels parizSi „musikisa da cekvis samefo akademia“ gaixsna musikaluri tragediiT „pomona“, romlis av-torebi iyvnen kamberi da pereni. Tumca, fran-guli klasikuri saopero xelovnebis fuZem -deblad Jan batist liuli gvevlineba.

XVII saukunidan dRemde istoriulad Ca-moyalibda saopero musikis gansazRvruli Jan-rebi, romlebsac upiratesoba eniWeboda sxva-dasxva epoqasa da sxvadasxva qveyanaSi: opera-seria (didi, seriozuli opera), semiseria (na-xevradseriozuli opera), opera-bufa (komi-kuri opera) – italiaSi, opéra-comique – saf-rangeTSi, Singspiel – germaniaSi, baladuri ope-ra – inglisSi, XIX saukunidan – grand opera, lirikuli opera, kameruli opera, monoopera, opera-oratoria, opera-baleti; operidan iS-va iseTi Janrebic, rogoricaa opereta, roko-pera da miuzikli.

operis pionerebi iyvnen: safrangeTSi – ro-ber kamberi (`pastorale~, 1647), germaniaSi – hainrix Siutci („dafne“, 1627); inglisSi – hen-ri perseli („dido da eneasi“, 1680), ruseTSi – aleqsei verstovski (`pan tvardovski~, 1828) da a.S.

XIX saukuneSi italiuri operis rezonansma saqarTvelomdec moaRwia. mTavarmarTeblis, graf voroncovis ZalisxmeviT, Tbilisis cen-tralur moedanze (dRevandeli Tavisuflebis moedani) saZirkveli Caeyara Teatris mSeneb-lobas (arqiteqtori jovani skudieri), rome-lic 1851 wels gaixsna grandiozuli balmaska-radiT. Teatri Tavisi arqiteqturuli gafor-mebiT da Sinagani morTulobiT umSvenieresi iyo imxanad arsebul Teatrebs Soris.

`uyoymanod SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tbilisis saTeatro darbazisTana Tvalwarmtaci darba-zi Cems sicocxleSi arsad menaxa…~, – werda aleqsandr diuma ̀ kavkasiaSi~.

amave wlis 9 noembers TbilisSi mowveulma italiurma saopero dasma, diriJor barbieris xelmZRvanelobiT, pirveli saopero sezoni gaxsna da gaetano donicetis `luCia di lamer-

operaSi dramatuli monologis datvirTva

aqvs arias – dasrulebul vokalur solo

nomers, romelic akompanimentis TanxlebiT

sruldeba. operis sityvier teqsts ewodeba

libreto, xolo mis saorkestro Sesavals,

romelsac Sehyavs msmeneli operis musika-

lur samyaroSi – uvertiura.

opera

85

xelovneba

muri~ warmoadgina. amas mohyva verdis ̀ er-nani~, belinis ̀ norma~, rosinis ̀ sevilieli dalaqi~ da sxva operebi. italiuri musika, gansakuTrebiT izidavda emociuri damo-kidebulebiT gamorCeul temperamentul qarTvel msmenels. Tbilisi XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi faqtobrivad `operama-niiT~ iyo Sepyrobili. italiuri opera qarTvelebis cxovrebis ganuyofel nawi-lad iqca, mravali saopero melodia Tbi-lisSi gaxalxurda, xolo saopero Teatri qalaqis kulturuli cxovrebis erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan kerad iqca.

qarTuli sazogadoeba kargad icnobda italiur, frangul, avstriul, germanul da rusul saopero klasikas, ucxouri ope-rebis zogierTi popularuli nawyveti ki xSirad qalaqis musikalur yofaSi vrcel-deboda da qarTul yaidaze imRereboda.

operisa da klasikuri musikis moTxov-nileba marTlac uzarmazari iyo tfilis-Si, qalaqSi, romlis ̀ meidanzec ki mRerod-nen `kasta divas~ da yovels fexis nabijze gaigonebdiT gamebsa da triolebs, fiori-turebsa da bemolebsa...~ yvela Tbilisels gasaocari mondomebiT surda swored sce-

nidan moesmina “La donna e mobile”. swored scenidan, radgan tfilisis quCebSi, yovel fexis nabijze, isedac ismoda aria.

rogorc wesi, evropuli premierebi Cvens dedaqalaqSi daujerebeli siswra-fiT meordeboda; magaliTad, `rigole-tos~ italiuri premieridan sul raRac or weliwadSi, 1853 wels, TbilisSic daidga `rigoleto~, xolo 1857 wels – `trubadu-ri~. amave 1857 wels swored Tbilisis ope-ris scenaze gaimarTa momavalSi saxel-ganTqmuli sopranos, verdis rCeuli mom-

TRAVIATA

Tbilisis pirveli saopero Teatri

86

Rerlis – tereza Stolcis sasceno debiu-ti.

1874 wlis 11 oqtombers Tbilisis sao-pero Teatri daiwva – xanZrisgan mTlianad ganadgurda Senoba, ver moxerxda verc er-Ti dekoraciis, kostiumis, rekvizitisa Tu mdidari sanoto biblioTekis gadarCena. miuxedavad amisa, dasi ar daSlila da dro-ebiT e. w. ̀ sazafxulo Teatris~ scenaze ga-dainacvla, romelic mxolod mcire musi-kalur da dramatul warmodgenebze iyo gaTvlili. Teatris es `droebiTi~ perio-di 22 weli gagrZelda.

qalaqis sakoncerto cxovreba XIX sau-kunis 80-iani wlebidan kvlav gamococx-lda. TbilisSi gamodiodnen iseTi saxelo-vani ostatebi, rogorebic iyvnen: gali, pa-ti, barbi, mazini, kubeliki, Caikovski, ru-binSteini, raxmaninovi da sxv. TbilisSi mi-iRo sasceno naTloba fiodor Saliapinma.

1896 wels golovinis prospeqtze dam-Tavrda arqiteqtor viqtor Sreteris da-proeqtebuli axali saopero Teatris mSe-nebloba, romelic 1200 kacze iyo gaTv-

lili (dRevandeli operis Teatris Seno-ba). e. w. ̀ saxazino Teatri~ 1896 wlis 3 noem-bers gaixsna glinkas opera `ivan susani-niT~. es dadga rusulma saopero dasma, ro-melmac rusuli repertuariT Caanacvla italiuri opera da amiT qarTuli sazoga-doebis guliswyromac gamoiwvia. am sce-naze sxvadasxva dros cnobili saopero da sabaleto dasebi gamodiodnen: italiuri opera (1897-1898, 1910), venis saimperatoro opereta (1903), moskovisa da peterburgis komikuri operebi (1907), peterburgis saim-peratoro baleti (1907-1908, 1913), varSa-vis baleti; aq mRerodnen SesaniSnavi mom-Rerlebi, maT Soris, saxelganTqmuli qar-Tveli momRerlebis araerTi Taoba.

saopero Janris xangrZlivi istoria adasturebs im gansakuTrebul rols, ro-melsac ama Tu im eris kulturul cxovre-baSi asrulebda opera. erovnul enaze ope-ris ametyveleba qveynis musikalur isto-riaSi xSirad gardamtex movlenad fasde-boda da erovnuli operis Seqmnis winapi-robac ki xdeboda. ase iyo saqarTveloSic.

AID

Aopera

87

saopero Semsruleblobis istoriaSi enobrivi problemis realizaciis sami ten-dencia SeiniSneba: pirveli – rodesac yve-la opera, maT Soris ucxouri, imRereba mSobliur enaze. es tendencia ZiriTadad gavrcelebuli iyo XVIII-XIX ss.-Si da XX s.-is pirvel meoTxedSi, ufro mogvianebiT ki – evropis qveynebSi, baltiispireTis da ukrainis sabWoTa respublikebSi; meore – rodesac erovnuli operebi sruldeba mSobliur enaze, xolo ucxouri da rusu-li – rusul enaze. es meore tendencia uf-ro sabWoTa kavSiris sxva qveynebisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli; da mesame, albaT yvelaze gavrcelebuli, rodesac yvela opera sruldeba originalis enaze. es midgoma dRes prioritetulia mTel msoflioSi.

Tbilisis saopero TeatrSi sxvadasxva dros samive tendencia arsebobda. jer ki-dev 1905 wlidan iyo repertuaris qarTul enaze gadatanis mcdelobebi. ̀ qarTul ena-ze operebis gammarTvelma amxanagobam~, romlis aqtiuri wevrebi iyvnen ia kargare-Teli da zaqaria faliaSvili, daiwyo qar-Tul enaze operebis Targmna da maTi dadg-ma. 1905 wlis 9 maiss rosinis ̀ sevilieli da-laqis~ qarTul enaze dadgmis Semdeg gaze-Ti `iveria~ werda: `vusurvebT pirveli warmodgenis Taosnebs TavianTi moRvaweo-ba ganagrZon da gvanaxon rogorc ucxo

operebi, ise Cveni sakuTari operac Cvens scenaze~; ̀ seviliel dalaqs~ qarTul enaze mohyva gunos `fausti~, bizes `karmeni~. am midgomam udavod pozitiuri roli Seasru-la erovnuli saopero tradiciis damkvid-rebis TvalsazrisiT.

XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi qarTulad sruldeboda spendiarovis `almasti~ da ipolitov-ivanovis `Ralati~, verdis `ai-da~ da bizes `karmeni~. sabWoTa periodSi, aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi, upiratesoba eniWeboda meore tendencias, anu erov-nuli repertuaris qarTulad Sesrulebas, xolo dasavleT-evropuli da rusuli ope-rebi ZiriTadad rusul enaze sruldeboda.

yovelive aman da qarTulma sasimRero da poeturma tradiciam ganapiroba qarTu-li erovnuli operis Seqmna, romelsac ukavSirdeba axali qarTuli profesiuli musikis istoriis pirveli etapi. pirveli qarTuli opera Seqmna meliton balan-CivaZem. fragmentebi misi operidan `Tamar cbieri~ Sesrulda 1897 wlis 20 dekembers peterburgSi, Tumca sruli saxiT Tbili-sis operis scenaze mxolod 1925-1926 wlebis sezonze daidga.

Tbilisis operis scenaze warmodgeni-li pirveli qarTuli opera iyo revaz gog-niaSvilis `qristine~ (1918 wlis 17 ivnisi). Janris pirvel klasikur nimuSebad aris

`sevilieli dalaqi@~

scenebi operidan `abesalom da eTeri~

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aRiarebuli saqarTvelos damoukideblo-bis periodSi, 1919 wels, dadgmuli opere-bi: 5 Tebervals – dimitri arayiSvilis li-rikuli opera `Tqmuleba SoTa rusTavel-ze,~ 21 Tebervals – zaqaria faliaSvilis epikuri opera-tragedia `abesalom da eTe-ri~, 11 dekembers – viqtor doliZis komi-kuri opera ̀ qeTo da kote~. am operebma pir-veli warmodgenebidanve gansazRvra qar-Tuli saopero Teatris erovnuli saxe.

zaqaria faliaSvilma mdidari qarTuli xalxuri musikis SemoqmedebiTi ganzoga-debisa da evropul tradiciebTan sinTe-ziT Seqmna erovnuli saopero stili, rac misi udidesi damsaxurebaa qarTuli kul-turis winaSe. man pirvelma aiyvana qarTu-li profesiuli musika klasikuri xelov-nebis simaRleze da Seqmna erovnuli ope-

scena operidan `qeTo da kote”

Tbilisis operisa da baletis Teatri

ris srulyofili nimuSebi. mas Semdeg TiT-qmis mTeli saukune gavida da qarTul ope-ras kidev araerTi TvalsaCino nimuSi Se-emata oTar TaqTaqiSvilis, Salva mSveli-Zis, revaz laRiZis, biZina kvernaZis, gia yanCelis operebis saxiT.

ase gagrZelda barokos epoqaSi dawye-buli italiuri operis triumfaluri svla sxvadasxva qveyanaSi da ara mxolod evro-paSi. CvenTvis ki gansakuTrebiT mniSvne-lovania, rom am procesSi qarTvelma xelo-vanebma Tavisi wvlili Seitanes.

operam sxvadasxva stilic `moirgo~ da erovnul kulturebSic daimkvidra Tavi. yvela qveyana cdilobda Tavisi sityva eT-qva am JanrSi da sakuTar prestiJad aRiq-vamda operis erovnuli nimuSebis Seqmnas. mas hqonda krizisuli periodebic, romli-dan gamoyvanis sapatio misia itvirTes iseTma saopero reformatorebma, rogore-bic iyvnen gluki da vagneri. Tumca, TiToe-ulma geniosma, romelic am JanrSi moRva-weobda, iqneboda es monteverdi, vivaldi, skarlati, liuli, perseli, hendeli, mo-carti, rosini, verdi, bize, musorgski, Cai-kovski, puCini, bergi, mesiani, Stokhauzeni, waruSleli kvali datova mis ganviTare-baSi.

opera

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