module 3 basic components
TRANSCRIPT
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Electrical Workshop
Module 3: Basic Electrical Components
PREPARED BY
IAT Curriculum Unit
December 2008
Institute of Applied Technology, 2008
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Module 3: Basic Electrical Components
Module ObjectivesAt the end of this module, students will be able to:
1. Identify basic electrical components such as:
Lamps, motors and buzzers.
Resistors, LDRS, capacitors and inductors.
Diodes
2. Understand the applications of each component.
Module Contents3.1 Introduction
3.2 Basic Electrical Components
3.3 Components Coding
3.4 Class and Lab Activities
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3.1 Introduction
Have you ever opened your personal computer (PC) or your radio from the inside? If
you tried so, have you seen the electrical boards with many components mounted on
them? Figure 3.1 shows an example of a PC electrical board with different
components. In this module, we will study these components and understand their
usages and applications.
Figure 3.1: PC Electrical Board
3.2 Basic Electrical Components
Component Symbol Function Picture
Lamp Light Indicator
Motor Motion Indicator
Buzzer Sound Indictor
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Compone
nt
Symbol Function Picture
Resistor
Resistors limit the current flow
VariableResistor
Variable resistors control the current inthe circuit:
- Adjust lamp brightness
- Adjust motor speed
LDR
(LightDependent Resistor)
LDRs are variable resistors whereresistance value changes with light
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Component
Symbol Function Picture
Capacitor
Capacitors storeelectrical charge andare used in:
- Timer Circuits
Inductor
Inductors storemagnetic field and areused in:
- Electric bells
- Door locks
Diode
Diodes allow current toflow in one directiononly.
Diode has two
terminals:1. Cathode (K)(-) :
located to the lineperpendicular tothe point of thearrowhead
2. Anode (A) (+):located at theopposite end of thecathode.
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3.3 Components Coding:
1. Resistance Coding: Resistors are specified by theirresistance value and their
tolerance. One way to indicate the resistance value and tolerance is color
code method, which is explained in Figure 3.2.
1.Resistance is measured in ohms ()
2.Most resistors have 3 bands:
The 1st band gives the first digit.
The 2nd band gives the second digit.
The 3rd band indicates the number of zeros.
The 4th band gives the tolerance
Figure 3.2 Resistance color code
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Exercises:
State the resistors value and tolerance for the following resistors:
R = 470 10%
Yellow Violet Brown Silver
4 7 0 10 %
R = 25 5%
Red Green Black Gold
2 5 5 %
R = 72 5%
Violet Red Black Gold
7 2 5 %
R = 94000 10%
White Yellow Orange Silver
9 4 000 10%
R = ---------------------------------------------
Red Green Orange Silver
R = -------------------------------------------
Blue Green Orange Gold
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2. Capacitor Coding: Capacitors are usually specified by three quantities;
capacitor value, tolerance and voltage rating. A number code is often used
on small capacitors where printing is difficult.
The 1st
number is the 1st
digit,
The 2nd
number is the 2nd
digit
The 3rd number is the number of zeros to give the capacitance in pF
Ignore any letters - they just indicate tolerance and voltage rating.
Example 1:
You have a capacitor with "104" stamped on it.- The first two digits are: 1 0
- The third digit is: 4 so add four zeros to the 1 0 1 0, 0 0 0 0 pF
Exercises:
State the capacitance value for the following capacitors:
C = 1000 pF C=68000 pF C = 2200 pF
C = --------- C = --------- C = ---------
102 683 222
154 471 541
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3.4 Class and Lab Activities:
Activity 1: Identify resistors from color code
Items Required:
Resistors with various values
Steps:
1. Using the color coding method, identify the resistance value of various
resistors
2. Fill the table below:
No1st band color
and value
2nd
band
color and
value
3rd
band
color and
value
Resistanc
e ()
Toleranc
e
1
2
3
4
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Activity 2: light intensity control using potentiometer
Items Required:
Potentiometer 9V Battery 9 V Light Bulb Alligator Clips
Steps:
1. Connect the following circuit:
2. Rotate the spindle of the potentiometer. What do you observe on the light
brightness?
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3. State an application of potentiometers?
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Activity 3: Demonstrate LDR Operations
Items Required:
LDR 9V Battery 9 V Light Bulb Alligator Clips
Steps:
1. Connect the following circuit:
2. Expose the LDR to light. What happen to the brightness of the lamp?
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3. Put the LDR in the dark. What happen to the brightness of the lamp?
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4. State some applications of LDRs.
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Activity 4: Identify capacitance for various capacitors
Items Required:
Capacitors with various values
Steps:
1. Identify the capacitance value of various capacitors.
2. Fill the table below:
No Number displayed on the capacitor Capacitance (F)
1
2
3
4
3. state some applications of capacitors.
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Activity 5: Draw the symbols for the following components:
Components Symbol
LDR
Diode
Variable Resistor
Capacitor
Resistor
Inductor