module 2: infrastructure familiarization€¦ · module 2 off-road ground markings shared path...

MODULE 2: INFRASTRUCTURE FAMILIARIZATION

“Go Slow and Give Way To Pedestrians”Slow down and give way to pedestrians.

Prohibitory Signs Warning Signs

“No Riding”Riding is not allowed in

this area. Areas where

riding is prohibited

include pedestrian

overhead bridges“Watch Out For Vehicles”Slow down and look out for approaching

vehicles.

“Slow”Slow down and ride cautiously beyond

the sign.

“Pedestrian or Cyclist Crossing Prohibition”Pedestrians and riders are

not allowed to cross at this

location. Use the crossing

ahead instead.“Caution – Low Headroom”Be cautious of the low headroom ahead.

Prohibitory Signs show actions that are disallowed. Disobeying

these signs is punishable by law.

Warning Signs are used to warn riders of possible dangers ahead.

Riders should follow these signs for their own safety.

TYPES OF OFF-ROAD SIGNSMODULE 2

“Slope Ahead – Slow Down”Slow down and take caution on the

slope ahead.

Advisory Signs educate path users on proper shared path

etiquette. Riders should follow these signs for a safer ride.

“Stay on Track”Segregated pedestrian and

cycling paths are provided.

Stay on your respective

paths.

“Shared Track”The path is to be shared by both riders

and pedestrians. Riders are to keep left

and give way to pedestrians when

riding.

Information Signs/Markings/Signals

“Cyclist Crossing”

“Bicycle Crossing with ‘Stop’or ‘Look’ box”Riders should use the bicycle

crossing provided. Riders are

to wait behind the solid yellow

line when waiting for the lights

to turn green.

“Bicycle Crossing Signal Lights”Proceed when the Green Bicycle

lights up.

Do NOT attempt to cross when the

Red Bicycle lights up or when the

Green Bicycle light is flashing.

Advisory SignsInformation Signs help to inform you and direct you along the

cycling path to points of interest.

MODULE 2 TYPES OF OFF-ROAD SIGNS

Types of Paths

TYPES OF PATHSMODULE 2

Footpath

Shared path

Footpaths do not have any markings or treatments and are generally grey in colour.

They are commonly found all around Singapore connecting pedestrians from one

location to another.

Footpath

Cycling path

Shared path

Cycling paths are identified by a bicycle logo and are dedicated paths segregating

riders from pedestrians. Riders should stay on the cycling path and avoid riding on

the pedestrian path.

Shared paths allow for pedestrians and riders to travel on the same path. Riders are

to keep left when riding on these paths and give way to pedestrians at all times.

Cycling Path

OFF-ROAD GROUND MARKINGSMODULE 2

Shared path

Cycling path

Path Identifiers such as the path’s name or colour help to inform

riders that they are on a shared/cycling path. Park Connector

Networks, which are shared paths, are typically identified with

the PCN logo imprinted onto the path while riding paths are

coloured in red.

Ground markings provide riders with information on the type of

path they are on.

Path Identifiers

Mileage Marking

Speed Regulating Strips

Shared/Cycling Path Ground Markings

Mileage Markings inform path users on the distance to the

destination as indicated on the marking.

Speed Regulating Strips help to reduce the rider’s speed such as

on downhill sections of a path, before approaching a junction or

potential areas of conflict with pedestrians or motorists.

Map Boards are commonly found along Park Connector

Networks or cycling paths. They provide information on your

current position, the surrounding area and show you different

routes that are available in the vicinity.

Map Boards also provide information on the nearby amenities,

rest areas, emergency services, etc.

Map Boards

OFF-ROAD INFRASTRUCTUREMODULE 2

High Pedestrian Traffic Areas

High pedestrian traffic areas are locations where there is high

number of pedestrians and increased pedestrian-rider interaction,

such as bus stops.

Speed regulating strips and ‘LOOK’ ground markings help inform both riders and

pedestrians that they are entering into a high pedestrian traffic area and to keep

alert when crossing.

Bicycle Parking Map provides cyclists an overview of the bicycle

parking lots found at the MRT station and informs cyclists of

alternative bicycle parking bays.

Bicycle Parking Wayfinding Signage

OFF-ROAD INFRASTRUCTUREMODULE 2

Bicycle Parking Directional Signage aims to direct cyclists to the

bicycle lots further or hidden from the MRT entrance.

They can be found at 5 MRT stations: Admiralty, Bishan, Kallang,

Lorong Chuan and MacPherson.

These signs aim to address the problem of indiscriminate bicycle parking by creating awareness of bicycle parking locations.

Signalised Crossings

Bicycle Traffic Light Crossings have bicycle

crossings for riders who should keep left and

stay within the bicycle crossing when crossing

the road. Riders must stop and look out for

approaching vehicles before crossing the road

at walking speed.

Signalised Pedestrian Crossings do NOT have

dedicated cycling lanes, thus riders should keep

to the left, and ride in an orderly manner when

crossing the road. Riders must stop and look

out for approaching vehicles before crossing

the road at walking speed. Always look out and

give way to pedestrians who are crossing with

you.

Riders are to obey the traffic light signals,

denoted by ‘green’ and ‘red’ signal lights.

Bicycle Crossing

Instruction Sign

Bicycle Crossing

button

Pedestrian

Crossing button

Pedestrian Crossing

Instruction Sign

MODULE 2

Bicycle Traffic Light

Crossings

Pedestrian Traffic

Light Crossings

TYPES OF OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS

Marked Non-Signalised Crossings,

such as zebra crossings, are

indicated by thick solid white lines

on the road and, flashing yellow

beacons with a blue pedestrian

crossing.

Riders must stop and look out for

approaching traffic before crossing

the road at walking speed.

Non-Signalised Crossings

Informal Crossings can be found at

junctions where a footpath or cycling

path intersects with a road. Common

types of informal crossings include

carpark accesses, indicated by a green

carpark sign as shown on the right, and

minor road junctions within

neighbourhoods which do NOT have

any indication or marking.

Riders must stop and look out for

approaching vehicles before riding

across the crossing.

Pedestrian

Crossing Sign

HDB carpark

access sign

MODULE 2 TYPES OF OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS

Riding is allowed through underpasses unless there is a ‘No Riding’ sign. Please exercise caution around underpasses and take note of low

headroom, blind spots and steep ramps.

For underpasses with cycling lanes, riders should stay within the provided cycling lanes. For underpasses without cycling lanes, riders should

keep left and ride in an orderly manner.

Riders should slow down and ride at a walking speed when entering into underpasses and keep a look out for pedestrians and other path

users.

Underpasses


Pedestrian Overhead Bridges

For Pedestrian Overhead Bridges with wheeling ramps, riders

should use the wheeling ramps to push their device up the bridge.

Do NOT ride across the overhead bridge but push it across.

Tilt the device slightly towards you and

keep the pedals away from the railings

How to use the Wheeling Ramp:

Push the device up while holding

on to the handlebar and seat.

When going down, hold the handlebar

with both hands and be prepared to

apply brakes if necessary.

For Pedestrian Overhead Bridges without wheeling ramps, riders

should carry their bicycles up the bridge. Push your device across

the overhead bridge. Do NOT ride across the overhead bridge.


Riding is not allowed on all pedestrian overhead bridges and their connecting ramps. Riding is also not allowed on bridges where there is a ‘No Riding’ sign.

On bridges where riding is not allowed, you should dismount and push your device. Offenders are liable to pay a fine.

Ramps leading to Pedestrian Overhead Bridges Bicycle Bridges

Pedestrian Overhead Bridge with ramps leading up to the top of

the bridge are constructed for the mobility-challenged and are not

meant for riding. Do NOT ride across these bridges.

Riders should dismount and push their devices when crossing these

bridges.

Bicycle bridges have dedicated pedestrian and bicycle lanes,

demarcated by ground markings. Ride within the demarcated

bicycle path in an orderly manner for your own safety.

Riders should dismount and push their devices if they find that the

slope of the incline for any part of the bicycle bridge is too steep.

Do NOT continue riding on an incline if your steering starts to

wobble before you reach the top.

Maintain control of your device and your speed when going

downslope.


Mandatory signs are meant for all on-road users, including road cyclists, to follow. Disobeying these signs is a prosecutable offence.

“STOP”Stop before the WHITE line. Give way to

traffic from the right and the left.

“STOP-CHILDREN”Stop and look out for pedestrians

crossing the road.

“GIVE WAY”Slow down and stop if necessary. Give

way to traffic on major road.

“LEFT TURN ON RED”• Indicate your intention to turn

• Stop at the Red Light and give way to

pedestrians crossing

• Give way to traffic approaching from

the right

• Look out for left-turning vehicles

behind you

• Proceed only when it is safe to do so.

Mandatory Signs

AHEAD

ONLYTURN

RIGHT

TURN

LEFT

TURN

RIGHT

AHEAD

KEEP

LEFT

PASS EITHER SIDE

You may pass on either

side of the road. Use

the appropriate hand

signals to indicate to

other road users on

your intent to keep left

or right.TURN

LEFT

AHEAD

MODULE 2 ON-ROAD SIGNAGE

Prohibitory Signs are used to prohibit specific kinds of actions.

Disobeying these signs is a prosecutable offence.

NO ENTRY

NO RIGHT TURN

NO LEFT TURN

NO OVERTAKING

Prohibitory Signs

NO ENTRY TO MOTORCYCLES AND PEDAL CYCLES

(including bicycle and electric bicycles)

BEND TO THE LEFT AHEAD

Slow down and keep left.

Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park/stop

your bicycle.

BEND TO THE RIGHT AHEAD


Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park/stop

your bicycle.

DOUBLE BEND AHEAD


Do NOT overtake, U-turn

or park/stop your bicycle.

CROSS ROADS AHEAD

Slow down. Beware of traffic when

approaching the junction.

Warning Signs are used to warn on-road users of the possible

dangers ahead. Cyclists should slow down and proceed cautiously

after seeing these signs.

Warning Signs


T-JUNCTION AHEAD

Slow down. Give way to traffic from the right

and the left.

SIDE ROAD TO THE LEFT AHEAD

Slow down. Beware of vehicles joining from

the left. Be extra cautious when your vision

is being obstructed by trees or signs.

SIDE ROAD TO THE RIGHT AHEAD


the right. Be extra cautious when your vision

is being obstructed by trees or signs.

Y-JUNCTION

Slow down. Use the

appropriate hand signals to

indicate to other road users

on your intent to keep left

or right.

TRAFFIC MERGES FROM THE LEFT AHEAD

Slow down. Beware of traffic joining from

the left.

STAGGERED JUNCTION, LEFT TURN FIRST

AHEAD


the right and the left.

TWO WAY TRAFFIC AHEAD

Slow down and keep left. Beware of

oncoming traffic.

TWO WAY TRAFFIC ON A ONE WAY

CARRAIGEWAY AHEAD

Slow down. Beware of traffic joining from

the right and the left.

MERGE AHEAD

Slow down. Beware of traffic merging from

the right or the left.

ROUNDABOUT AHEAD

Give way to traffic on the right. Keep a look

out for vehicles that are changing lanes to

exit, are too large or are travelling too fast.


ROAD NARROWS ON RIGHT AHEAD

Slow down. Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park

your bicycle.

ROAD NARROWS ON LEFT AHEAD


your bicycle.

ROAD NARROWS ON BOTH SIDES AHEAD


your bicycle.

DUAL CARRAIGEWAY ENDS AHEAD

Slow down and keep left. Beware of merging

traffic.

SLIPPERY ROAD AHEAD

Slow down and cycle carefully.

TRAFFIC SIGNALS AHEAD

Slow down. Beware of traffic lights changing.

Obey the traffic light rules.

PEDESTRAIN CROSSING AHEAD

Slow down. Stop for pedestrians at

designated crossings.

EXPRESSWAY AHEAD

Do NOT enter. Cycling is prohibited on

expressways.

VEHICLE BREAKDOWN

Slow down and stop if necessary and prepare

to overtake stalled vehicle by using the

appropriate hand signals.

U-TURN AHEAD

Slow down and stop if necessary. Beware of

on-coming traffic.


ROAD HUMP AHEAD

Slow down and keep left. Do NOT overtake.

UNEVEN ROAD AHEAD

Slow down and keep left. Do NOT overtake.

STEEP HILL UPWARDS AHEAD

Keep left and change to a lower gear.

Dismount and push your bicycle by the left

side of the road if necessary.

STEEP HILL DOWNWARDS AHEAD

Keep left and change to a lower gear.

Maintain control of the speed of your bicycle

and do NOT free-wheel.

QUAYSIDE OR RIVER BANK AHEAD

Slow down. Beware of road ending ahead.

HORSES OR PONIES AHEAD

Slow down and stop if necessary.

Beware of animals.

LOW FLYING AIRCRAFT AHEAD

Beware of sudden noise from low

flying aircraft.

ELDERLY OR HANDICAPPED PEDESTRIANS

AHEAD

Slow down. Keep a look out for mobility-

impaired or elderly pedestrians crossing the

road.

RAISED ZEBRA CROSSING

Slow down. Stop for pedestrians

crossing at the raised zebra crossing.


Regulatory Signs are used to help regulate traffic movement on the

carriageway.

REDUCE SPEED NOW

KEEP LEFT UNLESS OVERTAKING

Keep and stay to the left side of the road and

leave the outermost right lane for overtaking

vehicles.

ROAD WORKS AHEAD

Slow down and beware of obstruction ahead

due to road works.

SINGLE LANE TRAFFIC

Slow down and give way as traffic converges

into a single lane.

DETOUR AHEAD 50M

Slow down and get ready to detour ahead.

DETOUR

Sharp Deviation

Slow down and cycle in the direction indicated.

ONE WAY TRAFFIC

One-directional movement along this road.

Beware of vehicles joining the traffic from

the left and the right.

ONE WAY STREET TO THE LEFT

One way street begins from this sign. Beware

of vehicles turning into the one way street.

CURVE ALIGNMENT MARKER

Slow down and cycle carefully at bends.

Regulatory Signs


Information Signs provide useful information to cyclists and other

motorists on the carriageway.

NO THROUGH ROAD ON SIDE ROAD TO RIGHT

Road on the right does not lead to another road.

NO THROUGH ROAD

Road ahead ends within a short distance.

U-TURN

U-turn is available ahead. Filter into the

appropriate lane in preparation of U-turning

movement.

START OF EXPRESSWAY

Look out for and avoid entering into the

expressway. Bicycles are NOT allowed on

expressways.

RAIN SHELTER

Rain shelter for motorcyclists and on-road

cyclists.

WHITE WALKING STICKS

Slow down and be prepared to stop. Give

way to visually-impaired pedestrians in the

area.

TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPERATING HOURS

Traffic Signals are operational only during the

stated hours.

SPEED REGULATING STRIPS AHEAD

Slow down.

PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

Keep a look out for pedestrians crossing.

Slow down to a stop if there are pedestrians

crossing or about to cross the road.

Information Signs


Directional arrows on the lanes of the carriageway indicate the direction where motorists or on-road cyclists can move to.

Merging arrows indicate that two traffic lanes are merging into one traffic lane.

Alternate vehicles from the two lanes have the right-of-way into the single lane. On-road

cyclists are to keep a look out for in-coming vehicles from the rear and the side when

entering the merged lane.

Merging Arrows

Directional Arrow Markings

ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGSMODULE 2

Zebra Crossings Markings

White Zig-Zag Lines by Side of the RoadWhite zig-zag lines by the side of the road indicate

that there is a pedestrian crossing ahead. On-road

cyclists must slow down and be prepared to stop to

allow for pedestrians and riders to cross the road.

Zebra Crossing LinesThick, solid white lines across the road indicate a

zebra crossing. On-road cyclists must slow down and

be prepared to stop to allow for pedestrians and

riders to cross the road.

White Zig-Zag Lines by Side of the Road

Zebra Crossing Lines

ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGSMODULE 2

Raised Zebra Crossings Markings

Raised Zebra Crossing LinesThick, solid white lines with yellow and

black checkered boxes by the side indicate a

raised zebra crossing. On-road cyclists must

slow down and be prepared to stop to allow

for pedestrians and riders to cross the road.

Beware of the raised hump.

ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Signalised Crossings Markings and Infrastructure

Parallel Dashed White Lines

Traffic Lights

Bus Signal PriorityA green “B” light

indicates a bus signal

priority. Only buses are

allowed to proceed

when the green “B”lights up.

Flashing Amber LightsFlashing amber lights

indicate that there are

traffic lights ahead. On-

road cyclists must slow

down and be prepared to

stop.

Red Light/Arrow

Stop and do not proceed

Amber Light/Arrow

Slow down and be

prepared to stop.

Green Light/Arrow

Look out for any in-coming

traffic. Only proceed when

it is safe to do so.

Traffic LightsTraffic Lights indicate whether you can proceed to move and make the

crossing or not.

Parallel Dashed White LinesParallel dashed white lines indicate a dedicated pedestrian crossing. On-road

cyclists should give way to pedestrians who are crossing the signalised

crossing when the “Green Man” lights up.


Pedestrian Crossing Ahead Markings

Pedestrian Crossing Ahead Markings

Pedestrian Crossing Ahead MarkingsThe triangular shaped marking as shown in the

diagram above indicates that there is a zebra

crossing ahead. On-road cyclists must slow down

and be prepared to stop to allow for pedestrians to

cross the road.


7:30am to 9:30am

5:00pm to 8:00pmNormal Bus Lane: Monday to Friday –

Full-Day Bus Lane: Monday to Saturday – 7:30am to 11:00pm

Bus Lane Markings

Full-Day Bus Lane Normal Bus Lane

A red and yellow line on a lane of the road indicates a full-day bus lane. On-road cyclists should cycle in a single file when cycling in the bus

lane during bus lane operating hours and be extra cautious when there is heavy bus traffic.

A yellow line on a lane of the road indicates a normal bus lane. On-road cyclists should cycle in a single file when cycling in the bus lane

during bus lane operating hours and be extra cautious when there is heavy bus traffic.


Bus Priority Box, Give Way lines and Give Way Triangle markingGive way triangle markings, give way lines and a yellow box with an arrow placed at the exit of a bus bay indicates a mandatory give-way

to buses area.

On-road cyclists should slow down upon approaching the first give way triangle marking and look out for buses exiting the bus bay. On-road

cyclists shall come to a complete stop after the second give way triangle marking and before the give way lines to give way to buses exiting

the bus bay.

On-road cyclists may continue cycling onwards after all buses have fully exited the bus bay and when there are no more buses exiting the

bus bay.

Road Markings found at Bus Stops under ‘Bus Priority Box’ Scheme

Give-Way LinesBus Priority Box


Give-Way

Triangle

Road Markings found at Bus Stops

Enhanced Chevron Zone at Bus-Stop SeparatorRed and white Bus-stop separator areas indicate an enhanced chevron zone. The enhanced chevron zone alerts motorists and on-road

cyclists that buses may be exiting from the bus bay. On-road cyclists should not enter the enhanced chevron zone and look out for buses

exiting the bus bay.


Road Markings on at Road Junctions

Parallel Broken White Lines2 rows of parallel broken white lines indicate the end of a minor

junction as it joins into the major road.

On-road cyclists should slow down and be prepared to stop when

approaching. On-road cyclists shall give way to traffic on the major

road.

Single Solid White LineA single solid white line indicates a stop line. On-road cyclists must

stop before the line and look out for traffic along the adjacent road.

Parallel Broken White Lines Single Solid White Line


Right-Turn PocketBroken white lines that form a box extending from a right turning

lane as shown in the diagram above indicates a right-turn pocket.

On-road cyclists turning right at junctions with right-turn pockets

should stay within the pocket while waiting for on-coming traffic to

clear up before proceeding to turn right when it is safe to do so.

Road Markings on at Road Junctions (cont’d)

Yellow BoxA yellow box as shown in the diagram above indicates that

motorists are not allowed to stop or wait in this box. On-road

cyclists on the major road should not stop within the yellow box

when traffic comes to a standstill. Keep a look out for vehicles

turning out from the minor road when crossing the yellow box.

Right-Turn Pocket


Yellow Box

School Zones indicate areas around schools where motorists and

cyclists have to be mindful of students. They are identified by the

“School Zone” signs at the start and end of the zone.

“SLOW” and “SCHOOL” road markings as well as red textured road

surfaces help to alert motorists that they are approaching a school

zone.

There will be various traffic signs to inform cyclists and motorists

that they are entering into a school zone, as shown below.

Start/End of School Zone

Slow down and stop if necessary. Keep a look out for children

walking or crossing the road.

When cycling through a school zone, keep a look out for vehicles

entering and exiting the school’s vehicle accesses. Be mindful of

passengers/drivers alighting from cars parked along the roadside.

“40 km/h When Lights Flash” Sign

This sign is placed at the start of a demarcated Enhanced School

Zone (with reduced speed limit).

It indicates that the section of road ahead fronts a primary/special

school and that vehicles shall not travel at more than 40 km per

hour in the school zone when the accompanying amber lights are

flashing alternately.

Red Textured Road Surface

ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE – SCHOOL ZONE

Silver Zones indicate areas which have received road safety

improvements due to a larger population of seniors living in those

particular areas. Cyclists in these zones should be alert to senior

pedestrians and reduce speeds.

Silver Zone

Sign

End of Silver

Zone Sign

Senior

Pedestrians

40km/h Speed

Limit sign

Beyond this

sign, do not

exceed 40kmh.

Informal Crossings

are placed at

locations to

facilitate pedestrian

crossing activities

without impeding

traffic efficiency. At

these crossings,

vehicles have the

right-of-way.

Traffic signs located at the entrance into Silver Zones inform

cyclists that they entering a special zone.

Cyclists should observe the posted speed limit within Silver Zone

where sign and road markings will be implemented to indicate the

speed limit. Road markings, such as three yellow rumble strips,

help reduce the cyclists’ speed when entering Silver Zones.

Traffic calming road

improvements such as chicanes

and reduction of lane widths

can be found in Silver Zones.

Chicanes comprises of a series

of S-shaped curves, motorists

are encourage to drive slowly

and carefully. Cyclists should be

alert of such infrastructure and

position themselves in the

centre of the lane for their own

safety.

Chicanes

Yellow Rumble Strips

Chicanes

ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE – SILVER ZONE

Informal

Crossings

module 2: infrastructure familiarization€¦ · module 2 off-road ground markings shared path...

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