modern review
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Modern Review. Crystal Palace Joseph Paxton Great Exhibition of 1851 Industrial Revolution Cast iron skeleton Glass walls Prefabrication. Eiffel Tower Gustave Eiffel 1889 Paris Exhibition. Michel-Eugene Chevreul. Seurat Pointillism or Divisionism Optical Mixing - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Modern Review
• Crystal Palace
• Joseph Paxton
• Great Exhibition of 1851
• Industrial Revolution– Cast iron
skeleton – Glass walls– Prefabrication
Eiffel Tower
Gustave Eiffel
1889 Paris Exhibition
Michel-Eugene Chevreul
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte
• Seurat• Pointillism
or Divisionism
• Optical Mixing
• Middle Class people/life
• Gaugin
• Flat planes of color
• Colors can represent ideas/emotions (ex. Red as struggle…)
• Left his kids & wife and moved around (including to TAHITI)
Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going?
• Van Gogh
• Color=
emotion
(ex. Yellow = friendship & hope)
• Swirling brushstrokes
• 10 year career
• Cezanne• Underlying
structure• Multiple
viewpoints• Still lifes• Mount
Saint Victoire
• Color patches
Symbolism• Don’t imitate nature – create
free INTERPRETATIONS of it
• Inner Vision
• Fantasy world
• Technique individual to each artist
Redon
The Cyclops
• Rousseau
The Sleeping Gypsy
• “naïve painter”–Lacked
training
Gustave
MoreauJupiter and
Semele
• Munch
• Norway• Forerunner
of the Expressionists
• Carpeaux
(1827-1875)
• Count Ugolino and His Children
• More polished (like Neo-Classical)
• Vivid reality
• Rodin(1840-1917)• Walking Man• “unfinished” style (like impressionists!)
- roughly textured surface
• Inner feeling expressed through the body
• The Thinker, The Kiss, The Burghers of Calais, Balzac
• Louis Sullivan• “Father of the
Prairie School Movement”
• Form follows function
• Birth of Modern Architecture
H.H. Richardson
(Sullivan’s
Predecessor)
Trinity Church, Boston
• Richard Morris Hunt
• Served the aristocracy
• Renaissance & Baroque influences
• The Breakers – for Cornelius Vanderbilt II (railroad king)– Looks like a 16th
century palazzo
• Frank Lloyd Wright
• Falling Water
• Bear Run, PA • 1934-37• Blend in with
the natural site• Contrast in
textures• CANTILEVER
construction
Art Nouveau•1890-1914
•Natural Forms
•Organic Forms
The Peacock Skirt
Aubrey Beardsley
Victor Horta
Staircase in the Van Eetvelde House
Tassel House
Brussels
Antonio Gaudi – Casa Mila - 1905
Gustave Klimt
The Kiss
• Matisse
• Fauvism• Non-
representational color
• Based on artist’s feeling
Andre Derain
The Dance
• Picasso
• Blue Period (1901-1904)
• Picasso
• Rose Period
(1905-1906)
Gertrude Stein
Influence of Iberian Sculpture
Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1906)
Landmark painting that would lead to Cubism
Picasso’s Guernica (1937)• Event from Spanish Civil War in which Fascists
bombed innocent civilians• Outraged Picasso painted it for Spanish section
of Paris International Exposition of 1937
• Georges Braque
• The Portuguese
• 1911
• Analytic Cubism
• Synthetic Cubism
* Picasso* Still-Life with Chair-
Caning* 1912
Cubist Sculpture
Picasso – Guitar 1912
Archipenko – Woman Combing
her Hair 1915
Julio GonzalezWoman
Combing her Hair
1930-33
Futurism•1909-1916
•Motion & speed
•Lines of force
Giacomo Balla – Dynamics of a Dog on a Leash
Dynamism of a Soccer Player - Boccioni
• Russian Constructivism
• 1913-32
• Soviet Art
• Tatlin• Monument
to the Third International
• Precisionism• 1915-1930• Simplified
Forms• Border
between representation & abstraction
• Charles Sheeler
• River Rouge Plant
Charles Demuth
My Egypt
Georgia O’Keeffe
YOU’RE INVITED!
WHAT: The Armory Show
WHO: Impressionists, Post-Impressionists, Fauves, Cubists
WHEN: Feb. 1913
WHERE: National Guard Armory, Lexington Street, New York City
Duchamp
Nude Descending a Staircase
• Expressionism
• The Bridge – Die Brucke (1905-1913)
• Large & simple forms
• Clear (often jarring) colors
• Brutal angularity
• Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER
• Street, Dresden
Emil Nolde
Saint Mary
of Egypt
• The Blue Rider – Der Blaue Reiter
• 1911-1914• Colors are
less jarring than The Bridge
• Spirituality• Reaction
against society
• Franz Marc• Fate of the
Animals
Improvisation No. 28
• Dadaism• Protested the
madness of WWI
• “Everything that comes into being is art.”
• Jean Arp• Collage
Arranged According to the Laws of Chance
• 1916-17
DUCHAMP – Ready - made
The Bride Stripped
Bare by her Bachelors
• Postwar German Expressionism
• Max Beckmann (1884-1950)
• Disillusioned by war - Wanted his paintings to “reproach God for his errors”
• Night
Surrealism• Blurs real world with fantasy
• Biomorphic = largley abstract (Miro)
• Naturalistic = recognizable scenes that metamorph. Into a dream or nightmare image (Dali, Magritte)
Giorgio De Chirico
(1888 – 1978)
Melancholy and
Mystery of a Street
Max ErnstTwo
Children Are
Threatened by a
Nightengale
Renee Magritte The Treachery of Images
1928-29
Frida Kahlo
Two Fridas1939
• Joan Miro
• Painting 1933
• Biomorphic Surrealism
Maret Oppenheim - Luncheon in Fur
I and the Village
• Mondrian
• Composition in Red, Blue, and Yellow
• De Stijl– created works that
did not show recognizable images or infer depth
– Achieve “honesty” in artwork
• International Style– Transcended
national boundaries
– Absence of exterior decoration
• Rietveld – the Schroeder House
• 1923-24
• De Stijl
• Walter Gropius – Beginning of International Style• The Shop Block• Bauhaus Dessau - • Bauhaus School of Design
– Founded 1919– Architecture should avoid all romantic embellishments
• Mies van der Rohe
• Model for a glass skyscraper
• 1922
• “Less is more.”
Villa Savoy
Designed by Le Corbusier
InternationalStyle
“The house is a machine for living.” – Le Corbusier
Notre Dame du Haut (1950-1955)
Le Corbusier
This is a church.
Abandoned International Style
Replaced a French pilgrimage church destroyed in WWII
More organic – resembles folded hands or a dove
• Brancusi
(1876-1957)
• Romanian Artist
• “essence of things”
• Bird in Space (1928)
• Organic Sculpture
• Henry Moore
• Reclining Figure 1939
• Use of negative space – holes going through solids – also known as “voids”
Barbara Hepworth
Hole or void as the abstract element
Organic vitality
Oval Sculpture No. 2 1943
Abstract Expressionism• Late 1940s, Early 1950s
• New York City now center of avant-garde art
• “Action Painting”
• No reference to visual reality
• Image result of the creative process
• Gestural Abstraction (Pollock)
• Chromatic Abstraction (Rothko)
• Arshile Gorky
• Water of the Flowery Mill
• Armenian
• Biomorphic shapes (Miro)
• Glowing colors (Kandinsky)
• Impassioned act of painting
• Jackson Pollock
• Lavender Mist, 1950 (Number 1, 1950)
• Gestural Abstraction
• No foreground, no background, no depth
• Williem de Kooning
• Woman I
• Gestural Abstraction
• Furious energy
• Chromatic Abstraction
• Color Field
• Interest in the relation between one color and another
• Mark Rothko
• No. 14, 1960
• Barnett Newman
• Vir Heroicus Sublimus (1950-51)
• Evocative power of color
• Helen Frankenthaler
• Bay Side 1967
• Color Stain
Morris Louis Saraband
• Hard Edge– Do NOT
convey feeling of passion
– Precise and cool
• Josef Albers
• Homage to the Square “Ascending”
• Frank Stella
• Mas o Menos (1964)
• pinstripes
Ellsworth Kelly - Red Blue Green
Pop Art• Early 1960s
• United States (leaders)
• Images drawn from popular culture
• Average person can understand it
• Richard Hamilton
• “Father of British Pop Art”
• Just What is it That Makes Today’s Homes so Different, so Appealing?
• Collage
• 1956
• Jasper Johns
• Flag
• Familiar Objects
• encaustic
• Roy Lichtenstein
• Hopeless
• Comic strips
• Benday Dots
Andy Warhol – Marilyn Diptych
• Robert Rauschenberg
• Canyon (1959)
• combines
Alexander Calder - Mobiles
David Smith – the Cubis
Becca Cubi XVIII 1964
Minimalism• United States - 1960s & 70s• Get rid of things people
USED to think were ESSENTIAL to art
• Extreme simplicity, typically large, geometric shapes
Donald Judd
untitled 1969
Tony Smith Die 1962
Maya Lin
Vietnam Veterans Memorial - Minimalism
Claes OldenburgPop Sculpture
• Superrealism
• Duane Hanson
• Supermarket Shopper 1970
Duane Hanson, Tourists II
• Super realist sculpture
• Commentary on American life
Chuck Close
Big Self-portrait 1967-68 Self-portrait 1997
Audrey Flack
Marilyn (vanitas)
1977
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty• Earth Art or Environmental Art (1960s-1970s)
• Site-specific – its design reflects the surroundings, it has its meaning in its location
• Art does not have to be in a museum
Nancy Holt’s Sun Tunnels (large concrete pipes with holes)
• 1970s environmentalism
• Site-specific
• Has a dialogue with the surrounding
• Like a modern Stonehenge
Richard Serra’s Tilted Arc
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
• Site-specific art
• Wrapping projects
• Last project – The Gates in Central Park (2004)
Postmodern Architecture
•Varied
•Interesting
•Complex
•EclecticThe AT&T Building Philip Johnson (1984)
Michael Graves – The Portland Public Services Building(1980-82)
The Pompidou CenterPiano & Rodgers
Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain