model training course for ism auditors

8/3/2019 Model Training Course for ISM Auditors

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No. 10A1995

Rev.1 1996Rev.2 1999Rev.3 2000Rev.4 Feb 2009

PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTNO.10A

IACS MODEL COURSE FOR

TRAINING ISM CODE AUDITORS

August, 1995

Rev. 4 2009


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LIST OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. 2. Course Modules

2.1 Module I

2.2 Module II

2.3 Module III

2.4 Module IV

2.5 Module V

3. Course syllabus

Annexes


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1. INTRODUCTION

This Procedural Requirement details the Model Course referred to in PR10,

Procedure for Qualification and Training of ISM Code Auditors.


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IACS MODEL COURSE FOR TRAINING ISM CODE AUDITORS

2. COURSE MODULES

2.1 Module I - Principles and criteria for auditing quality systems

The aim of this module is that the trainees acquire and develop general knowledge andunderstanding of criteria governing the audit of a quality system, according to the indicationsgiven in ISO 10011-1 standard (or equivalent national standard).

2.1.1 General learning objectives

At the end of this module, the trainees must demonstrate their ability to:I.1 explain the general concepts of quality and identify the relevant instruments;

I.2 define keywords commonly used in quality systems audits;

I.3 identify audit objectives;

I.4 explain roles, responsibilities and activities of personnel involved in the audit;

I.5 explain how to prepare an audit;

I.6 explain how to execute an audit;

I.7 complete audit documents;

I.8 perform a practical exercise.

2.2.2 Detailed learning objectives


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- hardware (e.g. parts, components, assemblies);

- software (e.g. computer programs, procedures, information, data, records);

- processed materials (e.g. raw material, liquids, solids, gases, sheets, wires); and

- services (e.g. insurance, banking, transport).

Quality control concerns the operational means to fulfil the quality requirements, whilequality assurance aims at providing confidence in this fulfilment, both within the organisationand externally to customers and authorities. Quality management includes both quality

control and quality assurance, as well as the additional concepts of quality policy, qualityplanning and quality improvement. Quality management operates through the quality system.

.2 Identify the most important ISO quality standards

- General

The International Organization of Standardization (ISO) is a worldwide federation ofnational standards bodies, and the work of preparing international standards is

normally carried out through technical committees.

- ISO 8402

Clarifies and standardises the quality terms as they apply to the field of qualitymanagement.

- ISO 9001

M d l f lit f h f t ifi d i t i t


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.3 Explain the evolution of quality concept from Quality Control to Total QualityManagement

Total Quality Management (TQM) brings to Quality Control (QC) concepts a long termglobal management strategy and the participation of all members of the organisation for thebenefit of the organisation itself, its members, its customer and society as a whole.

I.2 Define keywords commonly used in quality system audits

The trainee should be able to:

.4 Define a quality audit

Systematic and independent examination to determine whether quality activities and relatedresults comply with planned arrangements and whether these arrangements are implementedeffectively and are suitable to achieve objectives.

.5 Define a quality system

Organisational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes and resources forimplementing quality management.

6. Define an auditor

Person who has the qualification to perform quality audits.

7. Define a client


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I.3 Identify audit objectives


.12 Explain audit objectives

Audits are inter alia designed for one or more of the following purposes:

- determine the conformity or nonconformity of the quality system elements withspecified requirements;

- determine the effectiveness of the implemented quality system in meeting specifiedquality objectives;

- provide the auditee with an opportunity to improve the quality system;

- verify that an organisations own quality system continues to meet specifiedrequirements and is being implemented.

Audits may be periodic, or may be prompted by significant changes in the quality system, or

by a need to follow-up a corrective action.

I.4 Explain roles, responsibilities and activities of personnel involved in the audit


.13 Explain the role of the Auditor/Lead Auditor

A dit i ibl f i th t th A dit i l d d t d ll lt


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.16 Explain how to prepare an audit plan

Preparing an audit means develop an audit plan and prepare the working documents. As abasis for planning the audit, the auditor should review for adequacy the quality manual; ifthis review reveals that the system described is not adequate, further resources should not beexpended on the audit until such concerns are resolved. The audit plan should be designed tobe flexible in order to permit changes in emphasis based on information gathered during theAudit, and to permit effective use of resources.

.17 Explain how to define the audit frequency

The need to perform an audit is determined by the client, taking account of specified orregulatory requirements and any other pertinent factors. Significant changes in management,organisation, policy, techniques or technologies that could affect the quality system, orchanges to the system itself and the results of previous audits could influence the auditfrequency.

.18 Explain how duties and responsibilities are assigned to auditors

Each auditor should be assigned specific quality system elements or functional departmentsto audit. Such assignments should be made by the lead auditor in consultation with theauditors concerned.

.19 Explain which support documentation may be used

Documents required to facilitate the auditor's investigations and to document and reportresults may include:

h k li t f l ti lit t l t


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.21 Explain how to collect evidence

Evidence is collected during the examination through interviews, examination of documentsand observation of activities in the areas of concern. Information gathered through interviewsshould be tested by acquiring the same information from other independent sources, such asphysical observation, measurements and records.

.22 Explain how to handle audit observations

All audit observations are documented and after all activities have been audited, the Auditor

shall review all observations to determine which are to be reported as a non-conformity.Non-conformities are to be identified in terms of the specific requirements of the standard orother related documents against which the audit has been conducted.

.23 Explain how to carry out a closing meeting

Main purpose of the closing meeting, to be held at the end of the Audit and prior topreparing the audit report, is to present audit observations in such a manner so as to ensurethat the results of the audit are correctly understood.

.24 Explain how to conclude an audit

Audit is completed upon submission of the audit report to the client.

.25 Explain how to execute a corrective action follow-up

Auditee is responsible for determining and initiating corrective actions needed to correct anonconformity. The auditor is only responsible for identifying the nonconformity.

C ti ti d b t f ll dit h ll b l t d ithi ti i d


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.28 Explain how to issue the report

The audit report should be issued as soon as possible.

.29 Explain to whom the report should be sent

The audit report is sent to the client by the lead auditor, and it is the client's responsibility toprovide the Auditees senior management with a copy of the report.

.30 Explain how audit documentation should be retained

Audit documents are retained by agreement between the client, the auditing organisation andthe auditee, and in accordance with any regulatory requirement.

I.8 Perform a practical exercise


.31 Perform a practical exercise

The practical exercise shall include:

- review and discuss a sample quality manual written to comply with the requirementsof a specified standard;

- plan the audit activities according to the information contained in the manual;

- practice with audit checklists;


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2.2 Module II - Knowledge and understanding of the ISM Code

The aim of this module is that the trainees acquire and develop detailed knowledge andunderstanding of the ISM Code, thus being able to carry out a Company and/or ship SafetyManagement audit against the ISM Code requirements.


At the end of this module, the trainees must demonstrate their ability to:

II.1 explain the ISM Code's background and development, including its special nature in

comparison with ISO standards;

II.2 list the ship types and implementation dates under SOLAS Chapter IX and therelevant certification authority;

II.3 relate the ISM Code's purpose and objectives to mandatory compliance and safetyculture development;

II.4 list the key definitions used in the ISM Code, IMO Guidelines for Administrations on

the Implementation of the ISM Code and IACS Procedural Guidelines for ISM CodeCertification;

II.5 list the ISM Code's functional requirements and explain their implications for acompany;

II.6 list and explain the ISM Code's detailed requirements, including the IACS UnifiedInterpretations of the ISM Code.

2 2 2 D t il d l i bj ti


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- increased attention to the role of the human element in preventing maritime casualties

- focusing on the top management commitment towards safety and environmentalprotection

.2 Describe the developments of the ISM Code and why it was needed.

.3 Identify the role of the human element in maritime casualties

.4 Explain the main differences between the ISM Code and ISO 9000 standards

II.2 List the ship types and implementation dates under SOLAS Chapter IX and therelevant certification authority

.5 List the definition of ship types

.6 List the dates of implementation of SOLAS Chapter IX for the different ship types

.7 Describe the types of certificates for companies and ships (DOC/SMC) and the condition

for issuance

- Document of Compliance

- Safety Management Certificate

- Interim Document of Compliance

- Interim Safety Management Certificate


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.10 Describe basic Company's objectives in implementing a Safety Management System incompliance with the ISM Code

- provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment;

- establish safeguards against all identified risks;

- continuously improve safety management skills of personnel ashore and onboard,including preparing for emergencies related to both safety and protection of the marineenvironment

- explain why and how the auditor should support and encourage the company inachieving its safety management objectives.

II.4 List the key definitions used in the ISM Code, IMO Guidelines for theAdministrations on the Implementation of the ISM Code and IACS ProceduralGuidelines for ISM Code Certification

.11 List the key definitions

- Administration

- Audit

- Auditor

- Branch office

- Company


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II.5 List the ISM Code functional requirements and explain their implications for aCompany

.12 List the functional requirements of a safety management system

.13 Explain the implications for the company for each of the functional requirements

.14 Explain the term Safety Management System (SMS)

.15 Explain why the requirements of the ISM Code are not of a prescriptive nature.

.16 Explain the requirements of the Code relating to what the safety management objectives ofthe company should include.

.17 Explain the requirements of the Code relating to what the safety management system of thecompany should ensure.

.18 Explain the methods for continuous improvement of safety skills of personnel, through

- monitoring on going performance- internal audits and management reviews

- communicating and reporting accidents and non-conformities

.19 Explain how to improve emergency preparedness and response

II.6 List and explain the ISM Code detailed requirements, including the IACS Unified

I t t ti f th ISM C d


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.23 Explain the Designated Person(s) responsibility and authority

- point(s) of contact for vessel ashore, providing the direct link between the ship and theCompany

- having direct access to the highest level of management

- responsibility to ensure proper implementation of the SMS

.24 Explain the Master's responsibility and authority with respect to the SMS implementation

- qualification

- responsibilities defined and documented

- overriding authority and responsibility with respect to:

- request of Company's assistance as deemed necessary

- authority to deviate from the requirements of the SMS in the interest of safetyand pollution prevention

.25 explain resources and personnel requirements

- certified, qualified and medically fit seafarers

- new and personnel transferred to new assignments

- understanding of rules, regulations, codes and guidelines

i i i id ifi d d d d


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- the following are examples of procedures required on a typical ship:

- voyage planning

- close quarters situations

- restricted visibility

- change of watch

- standing orders

- equipment operation

- deck operation procedures

- mooring operations

- anchoring

- port watches

- fire and security watches

- arrival and departure preparation

- cargo operation procedures

- pre-cargo equipment checks and inspections.

h k i d i


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- auxiliary plant operations

- routine inspections - frequency, who performs and evaluates

- who verifies that repairs have been done

- safety procedures

- work permitting

- helicopter operations

- working aloft or over the side

- proper use and care of safety equipment

- heavy weather operations

- confined space entry

- handling and storage of hazardous materials

- emergency briefing of supernumeraries

- near misses

- technical procedures

- provide guidance to vessel personnel regarding rules and regulations applicableto the area of trade or cargo


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- vessel stability

- draft and trim

- pollution prevention procedures

- bunker and oil transfer operations

- special cargo handling

- bilge and ballast operations

- sewage and garbage disposal

- engine exhaust

- Emergency preparedness

- emergency response plans

- fire fighting

- oil spill response

- programs for drills and exercise

- fire and boat drills

- proper use of emergency equipment


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- verification of the effectiveness of corrective action

- Maintenance of ship and equipment

- conformance to relevant rules, regulations and requirements

- inspections and tests integrated into maintenance routine

- Critical equipment and technical systems

- identification

- reliability measures

- mooring equipment

- cargo system equipment

- navigation equipment

- main and auxiliary machinery

- hull and associated fittings

- emergency equipment

- lifesaving equipment

- alarms and emergency shutdowns

- Document control

d l d l i


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2.3 Module III - General outline of mandatory rules, regulations and applicable codes,

guidelines and standardsThe aim of this module is that the trainees acquire and develop general knowledge andunderstanding of major international mandatory rules and regulations and recommended codes,guidelines and standards applicable to different types of ship (e.g. passenger ships, high speedcraft, oil tankers, chemical tankers, gas carriers, bulk carriers, other cargo ships and self propelledmobile offshore drilling units), with particular emphasis on the certificates and documentationrequired on board.


At the end of this module, the trainees should be able to:

III.1 explain the role of maritime regulatory bodies and industry organisations, in developingrequirements and recommendations associated with safety of life at sea, pollutionprevention, safe management and operation

III.2 define the purpose and scope of:

- SOLAS 74, as amended;

- LL 66, as amended;

- MARPOL 73/78, as amended;

- STCW 78, as amended;

- associated mandatory Codes, as amended, and

d id if h ifi d i d d i d b h b


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III.1 Explain the role of maritime regulatory bodies and industry organisations, indeveloping requirements and recommendations associated with safety of life at sea,

pollution prevention, safe management and operation


.1 Explain the role and functions of Administrations (flag and port States), with regard to:

- ensuring safety of life and property at sea and protection of the marine environment

- developing national laws and regulations

- implementing and enforcing the International Conventions and mandatory codes

- ensuring compliance with the International Conventions and mandatory codes

- delegating authority to recognised organisations

- exercising control functions according to national and international laws

.2 Explain the role and functions of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), withregard to:

- acting as an UN agency

- acting as a consultative and advisory organisation

- assuming responsibility for safety at sea and protection of the marine environment andfor legal matters connected with international shipping and facilitation of international

i i ffi


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.4 Explain the role and functions of classification societies, with regard to:

- serving the public interest as well as the needs of clients by promoting the safety oflife, property and natural environment primarily through the development andverification of standards for the design, construction and operational maintenance ofmarine related facilities;

- undertaking statutory surveys and certification on the basis of InternationalConventions as delegated by flag Administrations;

- carrying out or sponsoring research programmes the outcomes of which are reflected by

updating the rules of the classification societies;

- carrying out independent survey and classification certification of ships and othermarine structures;

.5 Explain the role and function of the International Association of Classification Societies(IACS), with regard to:

- IMO consultative status;

- providing a common forum for Members to work in marine safety and protection ofthe marine environment;

- developing Unified Requirements, Unified Interpretations of International Conventionsand Recommendations;

- providing consultation and co-operation with relevant international and nationalmaritime and industry organisations.


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- publication of guidelines relating to hoses, moorings, offshore terminals, safemooring of ships and the handling of disabled ships

- International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO)

- Association gathering intelligence and dispensing advice and services tomembers

- Port Information Office/Freight and Demmurrage Information Pool

- publication of regular bulletins with information on regulatory development,

port and bunker costs, market trends, charter party news and otheroperational information.

- European Council of Chemical Manufacturers Federation (CEFIC)

- International Chemical Environment (ICE) Project requiring chemicalcompanies to demonstrate their commitment to improve all aspects ofperformance which relate to the protection of health, safety and theenvironment.

- Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO)

- organisation dedicated to the protection and promotion of the mutual interestsof its members in the safe operation of liquefied gas tankers and liquefied gasloading and receiving terminals;

- forum for the exchange of technical information and experience on safety andliability and the conduct of studies relating to safety and the environment for


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SOLAS 74

.7 Define the scope and purpose of SOLAS 74

- applicable to all ship types engaged in international voyages

- technical requirements

- Subdivision, stability (incl. intact stability information and damage controlplan), steering gear, main and emergency sources of electrical power;

- Fire safety measures (fire integrity, fire detection and alarm systems, fireextinguishing arrangements, inert gas and deck foam systems)

- Life-saving appliances and arrangements

- GMDSS, GMDSS phasing-in schedule, maintenance methods

- shipborne navigational equipment, pilot transfer arrangements, nauticalpublications and emergency towing arrangements

- operational requirements

- training and drills

- danger messages by the shipmaster to ships and to the competent authorities

- speed near ice


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.9 Identify SOLAS surveys, associated certificates and other relevant documentation andrecords

- initial, periodical and renewal surveys

- enhanced survey programme for oil tankers and bulk carriers

- certificates: see Annex 3

- other documentation: see Annex 4

LL 66

.10 Define the scope and purpose of LL 66

- applicable ship types, length and size

- assessment of condition for freeboard assignment (stability, accesses, openings, closingmeans, etc.)

- assignment of freeboard

.11 Identify LL surveys, associated certificates and other relevant documentation andrecords





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- oil discharge monitoring and control system and oil filtering equipment

- Operational requirements

- oil discharge criteria

- Annex II - Prevention of pollution by noxious liquid substances

- Technical requirements (see IBC and BCH Codes)

- Operational requirements

- discharge criteria

- Annex III - Prevention of pollution by harmful substances in packaged form, or freightcontainers or road and rail tank wagons

- packing

- marking

- labelling

- Annex IV - Prevention of pollution by sewage

- sewage treatment

- holding tank

- sewage discharge pipeline


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STCW 78

.15 Define the scope and purpose of STCW 78

- applicable to seafarers serving onboard seagoing ships, with certain exemptions (fishingvessels)

- requirements for deck department

- navigational watch basic principles

- certification required for Masters and Chief Mates, minimum knowledge forcertification and training

- continued proficiency and updating of knowledge for Masters and Deck

Officers

- ratings forming part of navigational watch

- requirements for engine department

- engineering watch basic principles

- certification required for Chief Engineer Officers and Second Engineer Officers,


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.16 Identify STCW 78 certificates

- certificates of proficiency for Masters, Mates, Chief and Second engineers and ratings

- certificates of proficiency in survival craft and rescue boats

IGC Code

.17 Define the scope and purpose of the IGC Code

- applicable to gas carriers


- ship survival capability and cargo tank location (including loading and stabilitybooklet);

- ship arrangements (segregation bilge and ballast and loading/unloading)

- cargo containment (integral tanks, membrane tanks, semi-membrane tanks,independent tanks and internal insulation tanks);

- liquid, vapour and pressure piping systems;

- cargo pressure/temperature control;

- environment control;


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IBC and BCH Code

.19 Define the scope and purpose of the IBC Code

- BCH Code: applicable to chemical tankers built before 1 July 1986

- IBC Code: applicable to chemical tankers built on or after 1 July 1986


- ship survival capability and cargo tank location (incl. loading and stability

information booklet)

- ship arrangements (segregation, location, bilge and ballast, and loading andunloading)

- cargo containment (independent tank, integral tank, and gravity tank andpressure tank)

- cargo temperature control

- environmental control

- fire protection and fire extinction

- personnel protection

- operational requirements


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- buoyancy, stability and subdivision (incl. stability information booklet, and lightweightsurvey);

- structures and materials;

- accommodation and escape measures;

- directional control systems;

- fire protection;

- machinery;- stabilisation systems.

.22 Identify HSC Code surveys, associated certificates and other relevant documentation andrecords




International Grain Code

.23 Define the scope and purpose of the International Grain Code

- applicable to all ships carrying grain


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- to establish an enhanced survey programme, consisting of:

- close-up surveys based on a survey programme / planning document;

- thickness measurements;

- tank pressure testing

.26 Identify surveys, associated certificates and other documentation and records


- certificates (see Annex 3)

- other documentation (see Annex 4)

III.3 Explain the general principles of other applicable international conventions


.27 Define the purpose of Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic (FAL65)

- simplified and minimised formalities, documentary requirements and procedures on thearrival and departure of ships. The reduced number of declarations of shipowners bythe public authorities. Standardised forms for declarations.

- "Standards" and "Recommended practice." on formalities, documentary requirementsand procedures which should be applied to the ships, their crew, passengers, baggage


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- application of some of the SUA 88 provisions to the offences committed on board oragainst fixed platforms located on the continental shelf (Protocol)

.30 Define the purpose of the International Convention on Salvage (SALVAGE 89)

- Performance of salvage operations:-

- Duties of the salvor and of the owner and shipmaster

- Duty of the master to render assistance

- Rights of salvors

- Conditions for reward

- Criteria for fixing the reward

- Special compensation

- Apportionment between salvors

- Effect of salvor's misconduct

- Claims and actions

.31 Define the purpose of the Special Trade Passenger Ships Agreement (STP 71) and SSTP 73Protocol

- application to new and existing passenger ships engaged in the special trades as defined


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- Designation of rescue units

- Facilities and equipment of rescue units

- Co-operation between states

- Co-ordination with aeronautical services

- Ship reporting systems

.34 Define the purpose of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution

Damage (CLC 69)- application exclusively to pollution damage caused on the territory including the

territorial sea of a contracting state and to preventive measures taken to prevent orminimise such damage

- liability of the owner for any pollution damage caused by oil which has escaped or beendischarged from the ship as a result of the incident

- a fund by the owner for the total sum representing the limit of his liability with theCourt or other competent authority

- a certificate attesting insurance or other financial security is in force in case of a shipcarrying more than 2,000 tons of oil in bulk

.35 Define the purpose of the International Convention on the Establishment of an InternationalFund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (FUND 71)

- to provide compensation for pollution damage to the extent that the protection


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- testing, examination, inspection and certification, as appropriate, of lifting appliances,of loose gear including chain devices which form an integral part of the load

- certificates (see Annex 3)

.38 Define the purpose of the ILO Conventions No.92 and No.133

- standards for crew accommodation

III.4 Explain the general principles of classification rules, associated notations, evidenceand procedures to maintain the validity of certificates.


.39 Explain classification principles and conditions

- development and worldwide implementation of published Rules and/or Regulations for:

- the structural strength of all essential parts of the hull and its appendages;

- the safety and reliability of the propulsion and steering systems; and

- other features and auxiliary systems of the ship;

- achievement of these goals is conditional upon continued compliance with the Rulesand/or Regulations and proper care and conduct on the part of the Owner andOperator;

- class assignment, periodical surveys and occasional surveys for class maintenance;


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- identification, marking, labelling and placarding

- labels, placards and marine pollutant marks

- documentation for shipments

- packing

- freight container used for the transport of packaged dangerous goods or as bulkpackaging for solid dangerous goods

- portable tanks and road tank vehicles

- Emergency Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods

- advise the shipmasters on action to be taken when incidents occur

- Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing

- application to cargoes carried on board ships other than solid and liquid bulk

cargoes and timber stowed on deck

- actions in heavy sea conditions and cargo shifting

- cargo securing manuals (see Annex 4)

- Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes

- recommendations on stowage, securing and other operational safety measures


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- Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes

- guidance to Administrations, shipowners, shippers and Masters on thestandards to be applied in the safe stowage and shipment of solid bulk cargoesexcluding grain

- general precautions on cargo distribution, Preparation for loading/unloading

- safety of personnel and ship

- poisoning, corrosion and asphyxiation hazards

- health hazards due to dust

- flammable atmosphere

- ventilation systems

- grain under in-transit fumigation

- trimming procedures

- precaution against the latent risk of cargo shift (cargo which may liquefy)

- stowage and segregation requirements for materials possessing chemicalhazards

- solid wastes in bulk


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- lifting devices

- helicopter facilities

- operating requirements in respect of:

- transfer operations

- person in charge in an emergency

- manning of survival craft and supervision

- practice musters and drills

- certificates and documentation (see Annex 3 and Annex 4)

- Code of Safety for Special Purpose Ships

- application to ships which carry more than 12 special personnel

- technical requirements in respect of

- stability and subdivision

- machinery, electrical

- fire protection


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- Points on road vehicles

- Lashing

- Stowage

- Guidelines for Securing Arrangements for the Transport of Road Vehicles on Ro-RoShips

- Application to reduce the physical hazards to which goods are exposed,improper or careless packing or loading or lack of proper blocking, bracing and

securing

- Personal protection (road vehicles drivers rail workers, dock workers, crewmembers those who unpack the unit)

- Visual inspections prior to packing

- Stowage planning, packing and securing

- Container Packing Certificates or Vehicles Declarations

- Labelling, placarding, marking

- Condensation, overloading

- Code on Noise Level on board Ships (IMO Res.A.468 (XII))

- Application to new ships, as defined, of 1,600 GT and over


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- necessary access facilities

- necessary preparation

- different main structural area of the hull where damages have been recorded

- examples of structural deterioration and damages related to each structural area

- Safety Guidelines for Cargo Ships of Less Than Convention Size

- application to new ships and, as far as reasonable and practicable, or as found

necessary by Administrations, to existing ships

- requirements for fire fighting, life-saving appliances and radio installations

- Guidelines recommended by the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS)

- Safety in Oil Tankers

- risks

- how risks can arise and can be avoided

- Safety in Chemical Tankers

- general precautions

- types of cargoes and precautions for particular characteristics


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- Cargo information

- Bridge Procedures Guide

- Introduction and purpose

- Guidance to Masters and Navigating Officers

- Passage planning

- Master/pilot information exchange

- Availability of manoeuvring data and ship characteristics on the bridge

- Steering gear test routines

- Use of radar and VHF

- Ship reporting procedures

- Bridge Check Lists

- Emergency Check Lists

- Code of Good Management Practice in Safe Ship Operation (in co-operationwith ISF)

- to provide a broad framework of good practice against which management


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- Classification survey, General condition survey, Detailed condition survey,Corrosion rate survey, Repair specification survey

- Survey data analysis

- Guidance for the assessment of wastage data for local strength of structuralcomponents

- Repair methods

- Condition Evaluation and Maintenance of Tanker Structures (in co-operation

with ICS)

- Corrosion, and the function and location of structural components in thetanks

- Risk category of structural items of cargo and ballast tanks

- Planning and preparation for inspection, inspection extent, and analysis of

survey data- International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) (in co-

operation with ICS)

- Operational advice for personnel directly involved in tanker and terminaloperations

- Guidance on safe operating practice


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Static electricity

Pressure surge

Pyrophoric iron sulphide

Flammability hazards associated with handling, storage and carriage ofresidual fuel oils

- Inspection Guidelines for Bulk Oil Carriers

- to assist inspectors to assess whether a ship complies with the relevantlegislation ad accepted industry recommendations

- Guidelines recommended by the Safety of International Gas Tanker & TerminalOperators (SIGTTO)

- Liquefied Gas Handling Principles on Ships and in Terminals

- Liquefied gases properties

- Gas carrier design and construction, ship equipment and instrumentation

- Terminal equipment and instrumentation

- Cargo transfer system

- Shore storage at ambient temperature under pressure, in a semi-refrigerated state and under refrigerated conditions at atmospheric


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- Cargo handling operations

- Cargo measurement and calculation

- Personal safety and health

- Emergency procedures :-

- Organisational structure

- Emergency Shut Down (ESD)

- Emergency Release Systems (ERS)

- Hazardous Gas Handling Unit


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2.4 Module IV - Basic knowledge of shipping and shipboard operations, includingtechnical and operational aspects of marine safety management

The aim of this module is that trainees acquire and develop an adequate basic knowledge andunderstanding of technical and operational aspects of marine safety and pollution preventionmanagement. This module will address the elements of such aspects as they relate to the types ofship mentioned in Chapter IX of SOLAS 74. For specific ship types, each IACS MemberSociety can further develop the content of the syllabus most appropriate for their own particularrequirements.


At the end of this module, the trainees must demonstrate their ability to:

IV.1 identify the basic shipowner/operator relationship and responsibilities with portauthorities and marine service companies when owning and/or operating a ship;

IV.2 Describe a typical organisation of shipboard personnel together with the basicdepartmental responsibilities associated with safety and pollution prevention.;

IV.3 identify and define routine shipboard procedures which contain safeguards aimed at asafe and pollution free operation which are generally applicable to all ships underwaybetween ports and while in port;

IV.4 Describe major potential shipboard emergencies together with related contingencyplans and appropriate drills;

IV.5 state the basic operational requirements associated with each ship type.


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- revenue depends on particular ship type and trade e.g. cargo, (charter rate,freight) passenger (fares).

- legal

- familiarity and compliance with applicable rules and regulations (national andinternational as appropriate for ship design and trade);

- meeting conditions of employment for all personnel;

- ensuring personnel safety e.g. procedures, instructions and equipment;

- maintaining ship in compliance with class and flag state requirements.

.2 Describe the basic role of an agent

- acts as a representative of the owner or charterer at ports associated with shiptrade i.e. ship/shore liaison;

- responsible for arranging all business associated with in-port activities e.g.customs, immigration, pilot, tugs, cash advances, payment of invoices andcrew;

- contract with owner for services rendered;

- usually serves more than one owner.

.3 Describe the basic role of a broker


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- the shipowner maintains responsibility for total operation of ship;

- within framework of the contract, charterer decides the voyages and cargo;

- charter determines time and place for delivery and redelivery;

- time charter period may last several days or years;

- charter may include an option to extend beyond initial charter expiration date;

- charter hire paid on monthly basis in advance;

- time charterer includes specific warranties on speed, fuel consumption andcargo discharge time;

- off-hire clause is for the benefit of the charterer if the ship does not performthe required services, as specified in the charter party;

- time charterer may be a shipowner who wants to increase tonnage availabilityto meet own needs or a cargo owner having a need for transport but withouthaving to invest in ownership while obtaining control of commercial interest.

- voyage charter

- shipowner and charterer agree on specific ship type , type of

- cargo (not always for full capacity of the ship) and between ports;


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- consecutive voyage charters are a special type of voyage charter where theship is contracted for several voyages which follow consecutively upon each

other;

- charter party may state specific number of voyages or as many voyagespossible during a certain period of time;

- individual voyages made on voyage terms and conditions with freight paid pervoyage, laytime calculation in loading and discharge ports;

- laytime: charterers have predetermined allowed time in charter party for

loading and/or discharging of the ship. if exceeded, charterers must paycompensation, known as demurrage for the loss of time (can excludeholidays and bad weather);

- demurrage: compensation owners are entitled to when loading and/ordischarging is not completed before the allowed time expires.

- bareboat charter

- bareboat charter is also known as demise charter;

- shipowner leases the ship to the charterer;

- ship is at the disposal of the charterer without crew;

- charterer takes over all responsibilities of the shipowner except for paymentof capital costs;


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- shipowner has a requirement to demonstrate that hull is insured against totalloss, damage and pollution clean-up, i.e. providing a certificate of financial

responsibility;

- Protection and Indemnity Clubs (P&I) provide cover for cargoes and oil spillclean-up;

- underwriters provide cover for hull and machinery insurance;

- P&I Club premiums are calculated by applying clubs call rates to the grosstonnage of the ship;

- call rates are based on overall claims of the Club members during the currentand preceding three years.

- current year is excluded if there is an incident;

- calls are supplemented by additional payments as claims are finalised;

- shipowner may have part self-insurance depending on the amount of risk thecompany is prepared to take;

- shipowner may have to pay war risk;

- not unusual for time charterer to buy limited P&I insurance.

.6 Describe the role of the shipowner with respect to services provided by third parties, e.g.manning, ship management & technical assistance


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- contract will identify specific ship management responsibilities (e.g. manning,technical assistance);

- fee paid for services rendered by the management company.

- technical assistance

- contract with organisation having required skills appropriate for the shipoperation (e.g. plan development, redesign, repairs, maintenance);

- may complement skills within shipowner organisation;

- contract review and supervision are still under responsibilities of theshipowner.

.7 Describe the multiple roles of Port Authorities when in port

- customs, health and immigration are primarily associated with cargo and crewformalities;

- Port Authorities generally have responsibility for navigational issues, e.g.water depth, channel dimensions and berth/terminal usage;

- pilots may be part of a national organisation or privately operated;

- some flag/port Administrations have requirements for ships to be inspectedwhile in port, e.g. Port State Control.


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- shipboard personnel have to be trained and given responsibility forimplementing preventive measures;

- important to monitor performance of safety and pollution to whether action isnecessary for improvement (monitoring can be done through internal audits ormeasuring against company goals and objectives);

- lessons learned are important to help prevent recurrence;

- successful operation of ships requires recognition of the importance ofcommunication between shore and ship personnel as well as those on the ship.

IV.2 Describe a typical organisation of shipboard personnel together with the basicdepartmental responsibilities associated with safety and pollution prevention

.9 Describe the basic duties and responsibilities of the Master

- by law, the Master is responsible for the safety of the ship and crew,implementing and ensuring compliance with relevant rules, regulations and

Company policies;

- acts as Company representative when arranging port entry and departure withPort Authorities;

- responsible for crew related matters (joining, leaving, cash advances, medical,implementing company conditions of employment);

- respond to distress messages without concern for deviation from planned


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- where appropriate, secure hatches and deck openings in preparation for sea;

- participate in drills associated with emergencies and pollution as required byregulations or Company policy;

- complete log book entries as appropriate.

.11 Describe the basic duties and responsibilities of the engine department

- First Engineer assigns the daily work programme;

- responsible for operating, maintaining and repairing equipment in theengineroom and on deck as necessary (may require external assistance forsome repairs);

- provide personnel for the engineroom watch - duties while underway at sea, inport or handling cargo (will vary with ship design and trade);

- familiar and comply with Company policies and procedures;

- participate in drills associated with emergencies as required by regulations orCompany policy;

- complete log book entries as appropriate.

.12 Describe the basic duties and responsibilities of the radio telecommunications department

- the traditional role of the radio operator was to receive and transmit messages


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- satellite and radio equipment for distress messages and commercial use havebeen designed for operation by deck officers who have to be trained and

qualified;

- on passenger ships, several radio officers are part of the crew complement inthe traditional role, due to the volume of communications.

.13 Describe the basic role of manning in routine ship operations

- each ship has, as a minimum, to meet the crew requirements prescribed byflag Administration or national requirements;

- ship organisation is generally divided into three departments, deck, engine andcatering,

- made up of licensed and unlicensed as required by the flag Administration orCompany;

- Officer is assigned responsibility for organising the daily work routine;

- time on board is part of conditions of employment;

- there may be one or several nationalities in the crew;

- crew may be Company employees or provided by a manning agent.

.14 Describe the basic routine watchkeeping duties


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.15 Describe the basic role of shipboard personnel associated with safety and pollutionprevention

- familiarity and compliance with Company policy and procedures aimed atprevention of injuries and spills;

- familiarity with appropriate national (e.g. USA OPA 90 Vessel ResponsePlans) and international regulations (MARPOL 73/78, Annex I, regulation 26)aimed at controlling pollution (e.g. compliance with onboard procedures);

- operating the appropriate equipment (e.g. oil content monitors, oil/water

separators, oil/water interface detectors);

- comply with procedures aimed at preventing personnel injuries (e.g. use ofprotective equipment, entry into confined spaces, hot work permits, handlingnoxious liquids, atmosphere measurements using oxygen and hydrocarboninstruments, tag out for electrical equipment).

IV.3 Identify and define routine shipboard procedures which contain safeguards aimed at

a safe and pollution free operation which are generally applicable to all ships underwaybetween ports and while in port

.16 List the main routine operations

- when approaching port

- approaching the anchorage and while anchored


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- conduct pre-arrival tests, steering gear, radios and stand-by equipment such asgenerators (e.g. engine astern may be tested after long voyage on tankers on

slow speed from the Arabian Gulf to Gulf of Mexico), consistent with PortState requirements;

- report arrival time to Port Authority and establish radio communication;

- formalities for port entry, health, customs, immigration;

- port may require special safeguards against terrorism and pirates;

- tidal conditions associated with entry or transit within the port confines,location for embarking pilot, any Vessel Traffic System in operation;

- advise engineroom on intentions for reducing speed and requirements forsteam/hydraulic deck machinery;

- take into account engineers requirements for changing over plant tomanoeuvring condition and if changing from bridge to engineroom control orvice versa;

- familiarity with manoeuvring characteristics and stopping distance associatedwith ship size;

- prepare necessary equipment, moorings, hatches, pilot ladder and clearingaway anchors;

- set appropriate watches;


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- special watch may be necessary to guard against pirates, terrorism orstowaways.

.19 Describe the basic engineroom activities approaching the anchorage and while anchored

during approach, plant operating in manoeuvring mode;

- fuel change over, main engine and generators;

- engineroom or bridge control;

- change over from low to high suction;

- communication established with bridge;

- precautions for handling sewage, smoke emission and bilge discharge;

- no soot blowing;

- licensed and unlicensed personnel on watch as per company requirements;

once anchored, engage turning gear, shut down auxiliary system;

- stand-by equipment on line as appropriate for location and anchoring time, e.g.weather; proximity of grounding line and tidal conditions;

- watch condition as necessary;


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.21 Describe the basic engineroom activities when transit within port confines and berthing

- generally similar to those identified for approaching the anchorage;

- watch condition as necessary for the particular port;

- personnel familiar with emergencies, e.g. loss of steering, loss of electricalpower, loss of steam pressure (turbine), loss of compressed air (diesel) andloss of fuel pressure;

- appropriate entries in log book.

.22 Describe the basic activities associated with ship in port

- maintain deck and engineroom watches, as necessary, e.g. fire patrol;

- provide optimum mooring arrangement to ensure safely alongside at all times;

- attend moorings as necessary;

- monitor weather forecast;

- conduct cargo operations as appropriate for the type of ship;

- monitor ship discharge in water;

- monitor draft, trim, shear and bending moments as dictated by berthrestrictions, cargo activities and type of ship;


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- personnel familiarity with oil spill prevention, clean-up procedures, systemline-up, hose connection, final ullages, bunker samples when bunkering;

- monitor sub-contractors doing machinery/equipment maintenance;

- test equipment on completion of repairs;

- arrange as necessary for continuous machinery survey and SMS verification;

- watch routine monitoring temperatures and pressures and on-line equipment;

- stowage of spare parts, stores, chemicals and gas cylinders;

- obtain Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) as appropriate for chemicals andhandling of oils;

- communicate with deck regarding ballast handling;

- complete appropriate log book entries.

24. Describe the basic activities associated with preparing for sea

- confirm all requirements completed for the intended voyage, e.g. bunkers,stores, provisions, spares, water, charts and nautical publications;

- confirm ship ready for sea with respect to cargo quantity, ballast, draft, trim ,stability including permissible shear and bending moments;


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- confirm that all crew and passengers are on board and no stowaways.

.25 Describe the basic engineroom activities when preparing for sea

- complete pre-departure tests of equipment, e.g. steering gear, communication,telegraph, whistle and propulsion;

- line up main and auxiliary systems;

- pre-heating turbine and diesel engine as necessary;

- system checks as required including alarms;

- confirm receipt of essential spare parts.

.26 Describe the basic activities associated with departure to sea

- set appropriate deck and engineroom watches;

- order tugs and pilot as required by port regulations;

- monitor pilots actions during transit;

- control speed as appropriate for draft and channel depth, especially whenpassing close to docks/marinas;

- select possible anchoring locations for emergency use;


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- monitor fuel and water consumption, confirm stability and stress maintainedwithin allowable limits;

- carry out drills, training and maintenance as necessary;

- receive and transmit radio traffic;

- advise Company, charterer and agent of estimated time of arrival (ETA).

.28 Describe the basic engineroom activities when ship at sea

- steady state condition on departure from sea buoy consistent with voyageinstructions and plant power rating (may be economical speed to conservefuel);

- boiler tube soot blowing as necessary;

- control of any discharge from bilge, sewage or garbage consistent withMARPOL regulations;

- recording of engine performance as required in the log book;

- if operating unmanned, confirm engineroom/bridge changeover responsibility,verifying required safety checks and personnel rotation for alarm response;

- if fitted, dead man alarm routine;

- sampling of boiler water and drinking water, adding chemicals as dictated by


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- routine maintenance

- identify a planned maintenance system in terms of running hours andfrequency for equipment inspection and possible replacement of parts foreffectiveness of mandatory and class certificates;

- use of vibration analysis to monitor rotating machinery as necessary;

- examples of some critical items without any planned maintenance: auxiliarygenerators, emergency steering gear, overspeed trips, emergency compressors,starting and reversing mechanisms, fire alarms, operation of fire and watertight

doors, fire dampers, emergency batteries and lighting;

- maintain a record of work carried out, including spare parts entitlement;

- advise Company of any non-routine findings.

- voyage repairs

- contractors used in port chosen by the shipowner to provide the expertise;

- Flag State and Classification Societies to be informed if seaworthinessinvolved;

- depending on the nature of the repairs, it may be necessary to have permissionfrom the terminal or Port Authorities, if the ship is immobilised;

- repair time may result in the ship having to vacate the berth and carry outrepairs at anchor;


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- Company may leave some crew members onboard to provide additionalsupervision.

.30 Describe the basic routine operations associated with personnel safety and environmentalprotection

- personnel safety

- Company policy and procedures should Describe requirements for ensuring asafe operation;

- reference should be made to international and industry publications whichprovide additional guidance;

- requirements for use of protective equipment are to be considered (ear plugs,hard hats, steel toed shoes);

- procedures are important for entry into enclosed spaces, hot work permits,use of measuring equipment for determining safe atmosphere in spacepreviously containing hydrocarbons, handling of hazardous materials, working

aloft and handling mooring lines;

- details will vary with ship design and type of operation.

- environmental protection

- procedures to be in place aimed at preventing pollution in compliance withinternational and national regulations, e.g. any overboard discharge to be incompliance with MARPOL 73/78;


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.32 Describe shipboard operations for control of garbage

- disposal of garbage both within and outside special areas has to be incompliance with Annex V in MARPOL 73/78;

- control of types of garbage and distance from land are also included;

- reception facilities are provided at designated ports, e.g. plastic, hazardouswaste.

.33 List non routine operations having potential for safety and pollution incidents

restricted visibility,

heavy weather,

navigation in ice,

lightering,

mooring to Single Point Mooring (SPM),

towing,

rescue at sea,

evacuation of personnel at sea,


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- ensure personnel safety.

.36 Describe basic navigation in ice

- ships trading in areas with winter ice fields impeding navigation are usually icestrengthened and with special designed bow for ice breaking;

- ice breaking may be done by specially designed ice breakers;

- when in ice field, navigation is usually in the direction of leads i.e. openingsin the ice;

- speed will be affected by size of ice field and ice breaker performance inbreaking ice;

- in open ocean locations, reporting of ice bergs can be provided by ice patrols;if not, ship has to proceed with caution;

- radar has limited effect in detecting small bergs.

.37 Describe basic lightering operations

- transfer of cargo between two ships - generally tankers, occasionally bulkcarriers;

- ships involved are usually of different sizes e.g. medium sized offtakerreceiving cargo from VLCC;


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.38 Describe Single Point Mooring (SPM) operations

- located offshore in deep water to facilitate loading/discharging tankers - ULCCand VLCCs;

- mooring buoy attached to seabed - different designs - Catenary Anchor LegMooring (CALM) and Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM);

- mooring buoy contains floating hose for connection to tanker as well assynthetic mooring hawsers;

- tanker approach using local mooring master - may have tug assist;

- mooring boat passes messengers for hawser pick up;

- once moored, hoses are brought alongside and lifted on deck using shipequipment, cranes facilitate operation;

- while moored, tanker free to rotate around buoy under environmental andcurrent conditions;

- some locations provide tug which is made fast on stern to prevent tanker fromriding up and making contact with the buoy during the cargo transfer.

.39 Describe basic use of tugs for towing

- for routine operations, towing is limited for undocking/docking manoeuvres;


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- release from davits requires special skill in adverse weather to avoid injury topersonnel;

- may require deployment of safety net or ladder for rescued personnel;

- selection of crew is important;

- retrieval of craft requires good seamanship.

.41 Describe basic evacuation of personnel at sea

- evacuation could be done following same procedures for rescue at sea;

- evacuation by helicopter requires compliance with procedures prescribed inindustry guidelines;

- helicopter may hover or land on deck in designated landing area;

- if injury involved then necessary care should be provided before evacuation.

.42 Describe basic actions associated with piracy

- piracy usually occurs at locations known to the marine industry;

- boarding may occur while a ship is underway or while at anchor;

- efficient deck watch required for detection;


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- shipboard personnel have designated responsibilities;

- deployment of equipment will depend on type and volume of oil;

- some oils can evaporate, others have high viscosity and better chance ofrecovery;

- volume of oil recovered will depend on many factors, e.g. amount spilled,response time, weather conditions, type of equipment deployed, access tolocation;

- chemicals generally require special permission before they can be used.

IV.4 Describe major potential shipboard emergencies together with related contingencyplans and appropriate drills

.44 List activities associated with major shipboard emergencies aimed at safety of ship andpersonnel and mitigating the discharge of oil

fire and explosion

collision

grounding

structural failure

mechanical failure


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- transfer liquids, as necessary, giving consideration to stability and stresslimits;

- proceed to the nearest port or port of refuge or request assistance from otherships in the area depending on the circumstances (damage or seaworthiness).

.46 Describe possible action steps involving collision

- ships may separate on impact or remain locked together;

- close ventilation intakes, if vapour is present;

- communicate with other ship to determine name;

- either ship may have to render assistance depending on extent of damage andcasualties;

- alert other ships in the area to stand by or transmit distress signal;

- review which engineroom pump intakes should remain open to mitigate oil

ingress into the engineroom water supply if oil is discharged;

- review options for corrective measures which may include assistance fromowner/classification society for damage assessment;

if locked, check stability before separating;

- consider affect on trim and heel if liquids transferred;


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- hermetically seal compartments if oil cargo is involved;

- visually check or take soundings in all void spaces to determine if damaged;

- develop list of weight distribution for possible use in damage assessment;

- verify acceptability to change trim by transferring liquids if considering float-off plan;

- consider the use of anchors and action plan if ship lists;

- salvage assistance may be required;

- prepare abandon ship procedures;

- personnel injuries may require medical advice from shore or passenger shipwithin radio range having a doctor onboard.

.48 Describe possible action steps involving hull structural failure

- heading and speed should be optimum to minimise hull deflections from waveaction;

- adjust ventilation intakes if vapours present on deck;

- observe surface for any oil leakage which could cause ingress throughengineroom pump suction intakes;


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- refer to diagram showing valve operation displayed in steering room and onbridge for optimising hydraulic power;

- establish means for providing compass heading information;

- consider possible use of emergency rudder assist.

- steps in the event of loss of main propulsion

- determine the nature of the problem and possible restoration of propulsion,taking into account proximity of traffic and distance from a navigational

hazard;

- anchors may prevent grounding if drifting toward shore;

- tug assistance may be required if within a harbour or immobilised offshore.

.50 Describe possible action steps involving electrical power failure

- determine the nature of the problem and possible restoration of power, taking

into account proximity of traffic and distance from a navigational hazard;

- operate the emergency generator;

- determine services which are available from the limited emergency powersupply.

.51 List personnel related issues


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.53 Describe the onboard actions in the event of medical emergency

- provide onboard treatment, as appropriate;

- establish communication through satellite communication with hospitals orwith ships in the vicinity for information on diagnosis and treatment;

- plan possible evacuation e.g. by lifeboat, helicopter, deviation to nearest portor to passenger ship with a doctor onboard.

.54 List emergency drills

abandon ship drill

fire drill

oil spill drill

.55 Describe the onboard activities associated with abandon ship drill

- identify crew members responsibilities on the muster list;

- activate the appropriate emergency signal;

- carry out drills as necessary, e.g. launching of lifeboat, crew instruction onoperation;

- muster passengers for instruction on lifejacket and lifeboat station;


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.57 Describe basic onboard activities associated oil spill drills

- shipboard drill

- demonstrate preventive measures e.g. knowledge of proper procedures,placement of scupper plugs, monitoring tank valve position when tank atrequired ullage, bolting of manifold blank flanges and testing of associatedpiping;

- confirm location and demonstrate use of equipment e.g. absorbent pads,sawdust, sand, air operated pumps and disposal of free floating oil into

compartment;

- communication with shore personnel as necessary;

- record drills in the log book.

- regulatory drill with shore personnel involved

- test communication with nominated shore contacts as referenced in on board

emergency plans;

- assign specific response responsibilities to personnel both ashore andonboard;

- involve necessary third parties who have been contracted to provide specificservices e.g. spill management, fire fighting and salvage;

- record drills in the log book.

IACS


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.59 Describe general features

- trade areas around the world;

- voyage length from several hours to days;

- passenger complement from hundreds to over 2,000;

- age profile varies, mostly diesel propulsion, double or quadruple screw;

- design may be conventional, atrium and all exterior cabins;

- steam, diesel, diesel/electric propulsion;

- generally several nationalities in crew, composed of deck, engine and catering;

- staff Captain and staff Chief Engineer responsible for day-to-day operations;

- catering, manning and entertainment may be sub-contracted;

- thrusters used to replace tugs e.g. water jet, diesel or electric driven propellers;

- operating to schedule requires maintenance and reliability of equipment;

- time in port generally less than 24 hours;

- may anchor off and passengers taken ashore with own equipment.

60 Describe passenger handling

IACS


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.61 Identify typical safety equipment

- lifebuoys, lifejackets, immersion suits, survival craft and rescue boats asrequired by SOLAS.

.62 Describe basic fire safety measures

- specified materials for fire integrity of bulkheads;

- arrangement of stairways and ladders for means of escape;

- special requirements for engineroom escape;

- in each separate zone, accommodation and service spaces and necessarycontrol stations: a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system or an automaticsprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system to include smoke detection.

- fire hoses sufficient in length to project a jet of water to any spaces in whichthey may be required to be used;

- if more than 36 passengers, hoses to be connected at all times in interiorlocations;

- for cargo and machinery spaces, carbon dioxide or halon may be used;

- international shore connection to be provided.

.63 Describe basic bunkering procedures

IACS


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preparations for loading

loading operations

laden voyage

preparing for discharge

discharging operations

potential incidents during cargo operations

specific tanker operations


- range in size from several thousand deadweight tons to over half a million;

- design features e.g. single hull, single hull with double bottom, CBT, SBT,COW and double hull;

- variations in quantity of segregated ballast;

- steam or diesel propulsion;

- special design for Floating Production Storage Offshore (FPSO) units.

.66 Describe cargo types

IACS


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- detection of leakage in double hull spaces;

- for safety during tank cleaning as well as providing a safe cargo tankatmosphere during discharge, inert gas is used;

- oxygen content of inert gas usually below 5%;

- inert gas may be generated from flue gas or by a oil-fired gas generator;

- distribution of inert gas into tanks may be dilution or displacement;

- distribution of inert gas piping on deck has pressure/vacuum breaker as safetyvalve.

.68 Describe vapour recovery system

- controls vapour emissions to atmosphere while loading;

- vapours are displaced ashore for incineration or refrigeration;

- applies to volatile cargoes such as gasoline.

.69 Describe basic preparations for loading operations

- exchange cargo information between ship and terminal;

- specific gravity and temperature required for calculating quantity consistentwith charter and loadline;

IACS


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- cargo valves lined up as appropriate.

.70 Describe loading operations- depending on type of cargo - mostly refined products - loading is stopped

after tank piping covered to take sample for laboratory analysis to confirmcargo specification;

- while loading, liquid level in cargo tanks checked e.g. deck level by manualmeans or by remote in the cargo control room;

- tank valves closed at required ullage;

- discharge of clean ballast overboard concurrent with loading;

- stress and trim monitored throughout loading;

- venting to atmosphere e.g. through ullage lids, constant velocity valves orvapour recovery;

- completion of loading, appropriate cargo valves closed and secured for sea;

- cargo volumes measured and compared with shore figures;

- hoses drained prior disconnect.

.71 Describe laden voyage operations

bunker consumption may require shifting of cargo during voyage;

IACS


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.73 Describe discharging operations

- shore representatives measure and calculate cargo volume, including water incargo tanks;

- cargo samples for shore laboratory analysis;

- content of slop tank may require special discharge sequence;

- pollution prevention equipment in place;

- cargo pumps may not always operate at full capacity;

- inert gas system operational, pressure and oxygen level monitored throughout;

- crude oil wash designated tanks as necessary;

- discharge plan to maximise pumping of all cargo;

- small quantities of oil remain onboard;

- volume measured using wedge formula and recorded with potential forcustomer to make a claim for shortage;

- claim is reviewed and not always successful;

- ballasting may be concurrent with discharge or done on completion;

compression ballasting may be required;

IACS


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- cargo tank overflow may occur e.g. due to valve leakage, improper closure of avalve, error in tank level monitoring equipment or not following procedures;

- cargo operations have to stop until problem resolved;

- overflow may also occur from dirty ballast tanks;

- priority is to contain the oil onboard.

- inert gas failure

- discharge has to stop when the inert gas system fails and can only continuewhen the system has been repaired;

- depending on circumstances, ship may have to vacate the terminal and anchorto effect repairs;

- using nitrogen as alternate inerting medium impractical e.g. because ofavailability and tank size.

.75 Describe other tanker operations

- cargo tank washing

- required for a change of product, repairs or to meet terminal requirements;

- where no ballast reception facilities, cargo tanks are washed to permitdischarge of clean ballast at the loading port;

IACS


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- required for tank entry - repairs or inspection;

- portable water driven blowers through the tank cleaning openings or with theinert gas fans blowing through cargo pipelines;

- measurement of tank atmosphere done using oxygen analyser and explosimeterfor hydrocarbon level;

- ongoing measurements of the tank atmosphere while work in progress.

- use of helicopters

- used for pilot boarding, crew changes, stores delivery and medical emergency;

- helicopters may hover or land on deck;

- landing circle marked on deck;

- industry guidelines are published on use of helicopters, including requirementfor crew team to be in position, fire protection suits and fire equipment ready

when helicopters lands.

.76 Describe general features on board chemical tankers

- smaller capacity than tankers - generally in the 30,000/40,000 deadweightrange;

- more cargo tanks for optimising different chemicals;



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- density of chemical is factor in allowable tank ullage;

- for some chemicals, tank washing has to be done in port with washingsdischarged ashore as pollution measure;

- provided with a certificate of fitness which states: draft and freeboardloading conditions, range of specific gravity of cargoes which may be carried,designated cargo tanks in which certain ranges of specific gravity of cargoesmay be carried,

- details of fittings, valves, the control of which is essential for survival,

identification of required loading and stability manual and special protectiveequipment for crew.

.77 List key operations on board gas carriers (LNG)

general features

cargo system

safety measures

gaseous natural gas system control

cargo tank cooldown system

gas compressors



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loading operations

laden voyage

discharging operations


- three basic types of tank structure for LNG transportation, i.e.:

(1) membrane

(2) spherical

(3) free standing i.e. similar to tanker type structure;

there are many similarities in the cargo handling between the different tankstructures;

- cargo care, equipment, operations such as cooldown, inerting and gas freeing.

.79 Describe cargo system

- pipe tower arranged inside each cargo tank;

- submerged main cargo pumps and cooldown pump at the bottom of eachtower;

cargo pumps have automatic shutdown for certain conditions e g low



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- dispose of excess GNG from LNG boil off;

- provide GNG to replace cargo discharged;

- control cargo tank pressures within prescribed limits;

- supply gas for burning in boilers - low duty compressor;

- controls and instrumentation enable the system to operate automatically andunattended;

- system is protected by several automatic shutdown switches;

- relief valves are fitted to vent excess pressure from cargo tanks, LNG pipingon deck and cargo tank cooldown.

.82 Describe cargo tank cooldown system

- spray LNG into cargo tanks for initial cooldown;

- maintain cargo tanks cold during the ballast voyage and supply LNG for lineand arm cooldown;

- system also supplies LNG to the vaporiser to produce GNG;

- vaporiser maintains constant tank pressures during discharge if GNG notavailable from the terminal;

one cooldown pump is installed in each cargo tank and takes suction at the



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.84 Describe gas heating and compression system

- gas compressors, boil-off heaters and warm-up heater form the gas heating andcompression system;

- boil-off heater heats GNG from the cargo tanks before the gas is directed tothe boilers as fuel by the gas compressor;

- warm-up heater is used for heating GNG warm-up of the cargo tanks.

.85 Describe LNG vaporiser system

- used to provide GNG to:

(a) displace inert gas from the cargo tanks,

(b) maintain the GNG header pressure when LNG is being discharged andreturn GNG is not being supplied from shore.

.86 Describe emergency shutdown system

- place the cargo system in a safe mode;

- system consists of an electrical circuit which, if interrupted, initiates ashutdown through the cargo control console;

- shore connection is provided to the loading platforms with a pressure switch;

loss of pressure will activate the switch and cause emergency shutdown;



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- activates a visual and audible alarm at predetermined level of methane;

- daily readings of oxygen levels in the cargo tanks are to monitor air leakage intothe tank;

- tests are made to ensure satisfactory operation of the system;

- portable equipment is provided for measuring oxygen, combustible gas anddewpoint.

.89 Describe firefighting system

- provide sea water for combating fires, hull protection spray for washing downLNG spills and curtain for deck house, cargo control room and gas compressorroom at the loading platforms;

- dry chemical provides protection for the main deck, cargo tanks, cargo tankrelief valves and cargo loading areas;

- carbon dioxide protects the engine room, emergency diesel generator, ballast

pump room and paint locker.

.90 Describe the ballast system

- maintain required trim, draft and stability during cargo operations and whileunderway;

- pumps are located in the ballast pump room;



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- each tank is insulated to reduce cargo loss through natural boil-off from heatabsorption; material is layers of polyurethane, separated by fibreglass nearestthe tank and aluminium foil between each layer;

- hull is double skin to reduce damage in the event of collision or grounding;

- cargo tank thickness of aluminium is increased at the equatorial ring;

- each cargo tank is surrounded by a dome through which all pipe connectionsare led;

- ships structure below each cargo tank is protected from LNG leakage bystainless steel drip pans;

- temperature monitors are fitted in the cargo tanks, t