MEXICOMISSIONS

HANDBOOK

MISSION LAREDON UEVO-LAREDO JULY 2012

On July 7th at 600 am we will be leaving from the Miner Baptist Church Parking lot for a trip that will absolutely change your life We will be heading by van to Laredo Texas to do VBS and Medical Missions in Nuevo-Laredo Mexico We are excited about this mission opportunity and would invite you to partner with us in this effort This is our 20th trip to this area since 2002 We are pleased to have established solid relationships with key individuals and churches in the area that enable us to minister more effectively

Our goal is to provide a service oriented venue for college kids adults and families that will be both uplifting spiritually and enjoyable We are looking for individuals with a heart for service and a desire to make a difference

Following is a preparation guide for the trip

CHECK LIST

FOLLOWING ARE THE ITEMS THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR THE TRIP

US PassportBIBLESLEEPING BAG OR AIR MATTRESSBEDDING (SHEETS AND 1 PILLOW)PERSONAL HYGIENE ITEMSCLOTHING FOR WARM CLIMATE (REMEMBER WE ARE ON A MISSIONS TRIP ndash WE ARE CHRISTrsquoS AMBASSADORS ndash THEREFORE NO SLEEVELESS SHIRTS NO LOW CUT TOPS NO SHORTS ABOVE THE KNEES CAPRIS AND LONG LOOSE PANTS ARE ACCEPTABLE ndash PACK AS LIGHT AS POSSIBLE ndash WE WILL HAVE A DRYING RACK AVAILABLE AND A LAUNDRY IS CLOSE BY)A SET OF APPROPRIATE SUNDAY CLOTHES AND SHOESCOMFORTABLE SHOES FOR THE MISSIONS SITESOAPSHAMPOOTOILET PAPERTOWEL (NO MORE THAN 2 LARGE TOWELS)DRIVERrsquoS LICENSE OR GOVERNMENT ISSUED ID)PERSONAL MEDICINES IN THEIR BOTTLESSPENDING MONEY FOR SHOPPING AND PERSONAL ITEMSREADING MATERIAL (NO SECULAR MUSIC NOVELS ETC)LONG DISTANCE CALLING CARD OR CELL PHONE

SPACE IS LIMITED ndash PACK AS LIGHT AS POSSIBLE ndash NO MORE THAN ONE SUITCASE PER PERSON

Telephone Numbers

Please find the following telephone numbers for emergency useJim Cell ndash 573-380-1991David Thompson ndash 573-225-0025Rodney Davis ndash 479-233-0609Dorso Maciel ndash 956-334-1132 or 956-725-9204Primera Iglesia ndash 956-723-9475Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795Super 8 Austin Texas ndash 512-339-1300

PREPARATION AND TRAINING

It is vitally important as you prepare for this trip to be spiritually ready Following are some suggestions that have been adapted for you to be come prepared

COST

The cost of this trip will be $290 per person We are figuring very close this year to try to keep the cost down This will include most meals and beverages (tea lemonade kool-aid coffee juices milk at appropriate times and H2O) hotel room coming and going lodging transportation and a t-shirt We will eat sandwiches on the way down at a roadside park The cost will not include snacks coming and going and the evening meals traveling as well as the Sunday going and Friday and Saturday return noon and evening meal spending money for shopping and personal items

VBS and Medical supplies we try to get donated and would appreciate your help here We also try to get donations of toys to give out to the VBS kids and personal hygiene items to give the parents

This trip is designed primarily for college age kids adults and young families The full payment needs to be to Miner by July 1st

PREPARATION BY DAILY PRAYER

ldquoA SIMPLE PATTERN FOR A POWERFUL DAILY PRAYER TIMErdquo

Special Note The following outline is a general description of an effective daily quiet time The times listed are only samples and are not meant to be rigidly followed

I Begin with a period if praise and thanksgiving (5 - 10 minutes) Psalms 100 4-5

Take a few moments to thank God for past present and future blessingsSpend some time praising God for who He is (His characteristics and names)

Freely worship and adore Him from your heartII Continue with confession and repentance (at least 5 - 10 minutes) Proverbs 2813 Psalms 6618 Ask God to search your thoughts and attitudes Carefully examine your speech Ask God to thoroughly search your relationships Confess any sins of commission and be sure to forsake the sins God reveals Confess any sins of omission and make a definite commitment to obedience Resolve to fully repent of any known sin of thought word or deed (Be specific) Ask God to fill you with the Holy Spirit Be sue to utilize a thorough biblical tool designed to search all areas of your life with Godrsquos Word (Provided in the cleansing guide)

III Move into Prayers of Personal Petition (10 - 15 minutes) Philippians 46 Matthew 633 Pray for the development of character and holiness Pray through the specific fruits of the Holy Spirit or other character words (Matthew 5 1-12 Galatians 522) Pray for your ministry and service to God (be very specific in your prayers) Pray for any physical emotional spiritual or financial needs

IV Proceed with Prayers of Intercession (10 - 20 minutes) Ezekiel 2230 2 Timothy 2104 Pray for needs of family and friends

Pray for your pastor and church Pray for specific lost people and for the entire Nuevo-Laredo Area

Pray for missionaries and mission efforts (Use guides from the International Mission Board)

Pray for revival and spiritual awakening in your church and nationPray for the Leadership of this tripPray for the VBS Sites and TeamsPray for the VBS Site Churches and their Pastors especially Bro Jose Santos Hernandez at Iglesia Bautista Nueva Vida and Bro Gregorio Reyes at the missionPray for the Medical TeamPray that lives will be changed and souls will be savedPray for the cooksPray for Primera Iglesia and their Pastor Dorso MacielPray for safe travelPray for easy passage across the borders each dayPray for each one the on the trip

In your intercession seek to be as specific a possible Also remember the value of focusing on only tow or three categories per day If you thoroughly prayed for every category you could literally pray for hours Though some may be led to prayer for hours most people will be led to focus on certain categories on certain days As always the guiding principle is close sensitivity to the Holy Spirit True prayer is a relationship not a ritualistic formula

V Conclude with a time of meditation and Assessment Reflect on key points of your scripture reading and prayer time Assess how God has impressed on your heart Write down key impressions in a daily journal End your time with thanksgiving for Godrsquos grace mercy and power

Again I emphasize the previous pattern is a general guideline not a rigid program As you allow Godrsquos Spirit to guide you will be amazed at the ways He will direct you day by day It is awesome to pause and remember that Almighty God desires a close personal relationship with you May God help us settle for nothing less than the glorious reality of His presence

A SPIRITUAL CLEANSING CHECKLIST

BY DR GREGORY R FRIZZELL

Listed below is a brief check-list to assist believers in examining their hearts before attempting ministry or witness Take several moments and carefully consider the various questions Listen closely for Godrsquos voice and claim the full forgiveness we are promised (I john 19) After you have fully confessed your sins ask God to fill and empower you by His Spirit You can rest assured God will grant you His own mighty power

1 Do I have any sinful thought patterns I need to confess and forsake Romans 12 1 - 2 2 Corinthians 10 3 - 5Areas to consider Do I frequently have unclean or impure thoughts Is my mind often dominated by worldly thoughts Am I often angry and critical Am I frequently filled with fear rather than faith Do I have bitter thoughts Am I mostly selfish in my thinking Are there any thoughts I know I should confess and forsake Please lay these before God even now

2 Do I have attitudes I need to confess and lay before God Revelation 315 I Peter 55 Hebrews 116 Ephesians 42Areas to consider Am I lukewarm rather than passionate for Christ Do I have any attitudes of arrogance or pride Do I have an attitude of anxiety or doubt Am I in any way harsh or unkind to others Do I have any attitude of materialism or worldliness Am I guilty of jealousy or competition Do I harbor any attitudes of prejudice

3 Do I have sins of speech I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 429 54 Colossians 39 1 Corinthians 1010 1 Thessalonians 518Areas to consider Do I ever use inappropriate speech Am I in any way guilty of cursing Have I participated in off-color jokes Am I prone to exaggerating or lying Do I frequently complain and murmur Am I guilty of divisive speech or backbiting Have I been critical and harsh

4 Do I have damaged or wrong relationships I need to address Matthew 523 614-15 Ephesians 525-63Areas to consider Are there people I have offended yet I havenrsquot obeyed God and gone to them Is there anyone against whom Irsquom holding the slightest grudge or bitterness Do I have any relationships that have gotten out of balance As a husband have I failed to be the spiritual head of my house As a wife am I neglecting my role as a godly helpmeet Have I

allowed rifts to develop between myself and fellow believers Am I a party to conflict and division in my church or family

5 Do I have sinful action or habits I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 55 12 2 Corinthians 617 Exodus 20 2-3 Malachi 38 -10 1 John 320-22Areas to consider Have I been involved in any form of immorality or pornography Do I abuse my body by unhealthy habits Have I put other people and things ahead of serving God Have I participated in gambling Am I in any way involved in horoscopes or new ageism Have I violated Godrsquos standards by compromising my values Do I in any way mistreat others Have I gone places I shouldnrsquot have gone Do I in anyway watch questionable movies or videos

6 Have I failed God by sins of omission John 154 - 5 Ephesians 418 Romans 614 Hebrews 41 James 123-24Areas to consider Do I neglect daily Bible reading and prayers Have I robbed God by neglecting tithes and offerings How I failed to discover and use my spiritual gift Have I tolerated a spiritual stronghold in my life Do I fail to work at deepening my marriage Am I neglecting to be a witness in daily life Do I fail to generously support missions

7 Have I refused to die to self or in any way relied on my own strength Matthew 1624-25 John 1224 Proverbs 173 2 Corinthians 129-10Areas to consider Has God told you to do something yet yoursquove ignored Him Is there a point in which you insist on your own way over Godrsquos Are there points you try to ignore Godrsquos conviction in you life Do you rejoice in your trials or view them only as impositions Do you seek to let God prune your life or do you resist Him Have you in any sense relied more on your own strength than on prayer and the Holy Spirit Do you trust in methods and strategies more than God

CONCLUSION

When you sincerely confess your sins rest assured of Godrsquos forgiveness You can now ask Him to fill you with the Holy Spirit Rely upon God to fill you with His mighty power and wisdom as you witness Each week as you prepare for Cross Training take time to work through some of the primary questions for cleansing As cleansing becomes a lifestyle pattern you will experience a fullness and power you never dreamed possible You will truly experience the glorious life of Galatians 220 ldquoI am crucified with Christ nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for merdquo

PERSONAL EVANGELISM

By Alcides Guajardo

I The Mandate

The mandate for personal evangelism is in the Great Commission There are many expressions of the commission in the Gospels but there are four classical expressions They are

Matthew 2818-20 The best known and most comprehensive expression of the Commission

Luke 2445-49 The most detailed expression of the Commission John 20 19-22 The most personal expression of the Commission Acts 1 6-8 The most strategic expression of the Commission

II The Evangelizer

A A saved person One cannot give away what one does not possess B Every saved person can be and ought to be an evangelizer Evangelism does not mean only leading a person to faith in Christ it means using some effective method to share the Gospel the good news that God knows a person and wants himher to be saved This means that 1 The person who plants the seed of the Gospel is an evangelizer How do you plant the seed a If you lovingly say to a person ldquoGod loves you and wants you to be His sondaughterrdquo you are an evangelizer b The person who shares a Gospel tract is an evangelizer c The person who shares a Bible or Bible portion is an evangelizer d Etc etc There are as many genuine ways to plant the seed of the Gospel as there are earnest Christians praying that God will show them the way 2 The person who cultivates (encourages shows genuine love for and otherwise helps a prospect) is an evangelizer 3 The person who intentionally leads a person to faith in Christ is an evangelizer 4 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through prayer is an evangelizer At this point I like systematic prayer efforts like having a group of people at church earnestly praying while their fellow Christians are out in the community sharing the Gospel 5 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through some other form of assistance like caring for their children while they visit is an evangelizer 6 Etc There are certainly other genuine ways to be an evangelizer C Dependence on the Holy Spirit

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

MISSION LAREDON UEVO-LAREDO JULY 2012

On July 7th at 600 am we will be leaving from the Miner Baptist Church Parking lot for a trip that will absolutely change your life We will be heading by van to Laredo Texas to do VBS and Medical Missions in Nuevo-Laredo Mexico We are excited about this mission opportunity and would invite you to partner with us in this effort This is our 20th trip to this area since 2002 We are pleased to have established solid relationships with key individuals and churches in the area that enable us to minister more effectively

Our goal is to provide a service oriented venue for college kids adults and families that will be both uplifting spiritually and enjoyable We are looking for individuals with a heart for service and a desire to make a difference

Following is a preparation guide for the trip

CHECK LIST

FOLLOWING ARE THE ITEMS THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR THE TRIP

US PassportBIBLESLEEPING BAG OR AIR MATTRESSBEDDING (SHEETS AND 1 PILLOW)PERSONAL HYGIENE ITEMSCLOTHING FOR WARM CLIMATE (REMEMBER WE ARE ON A MISSIONS TRIP ndash WE ARE CHRISTrsquoS AMBASSADORS ndash THEREFORE NO SLEEVELESS SHIRTS NO LOW CUT TOPS NO SHORTS ABOVE THE KNEES CAPRIS AND LONG LOOSE PANTS ARE ACCEPTABLE ndash PACK AS LIGHT AS POSSIBLE ndash WE WILL HAVE A DRYING RACK AVAILABLE AND A LAUNDRY IS CLOSE BY)A SET OF APPROPRIATE SUNDAY CLOTHES AND SHOESCOMFORTABLE SHOES FOR THE MISSIONS SITESOAPSHAMPOOTOILET PAPERTOWEL (NO MORE THAN 2 LARGE TOWELS)DRIVERrsquoS LICENSE OR GOVERNMENT ISSUED ID)PERSONAL MEDICINES IN THEIR BOTTLESSPENDING MONEY FOR SHOPPING AND PERSONAL ITEMSREADING MATERIAL (NO SECULAR MUSIC NOVELS ETC)LONG DISTANCE CALLING CARD OR CELL PHONE

SPACE IS LIMITED ndash PACK AS LIGHT AS POSSIBLE ndash NO MORE THAN ONE SUITCASE PER PERSON

Telephone Numbers

Please find the following telephone numbers for emergency useJim Cell ndash 573-380-1991David Thompson ndash 573-225-0025Rodney Davis ndash 479-233-0609Dorso Maciel ndash 956-334-1132 or 956-725-9204Primera Iglesia ndash 956-723-9475Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795Super 8 Austin Texas ndash 512-339-1300

PREPARATION AND TRAINING

It is vitally important as you prepare for this trip to be spiritually ready Following are some suggestions that have been adapted for you to be come prepared

COST

The cost of this trip will be $290 per person We are figuring very close this year to try to keep the cost down This will include most meals and beverages (tea lemonade kool-aid coffee juices milk at appropriate times and H2O) hotel room coming and going lodging transportation and a t-shirt We will eat sandwiches on the way down at a roadside park The cost will not include snacks coming and going and the evening meals traveling as well as the Sunday going and Friday and Saturday return noon and evening meal spending money for shopping and personal items

VBS and Medical supplies we try to get donated and would appreciate your help here We also try to get donations of toys to give out to the VBS kids and personal hygiene items to give the parents

This trip is designed primarily for college age kids adults and young families The full payment needs to be to Miner by July 1st

PREPARATION BY DAILY PRAYER

ldquoA SIMPLE PATTERN FOR A POWERFUL DAILY PRAYER TIMErdquo

Special Note The following outline is a general description of an effective daily quiet time The times listed are only samples and are not meant to be rigidly followed

I Begin with a period if praise and thanksgiving (5 - 10 minutes) Psalms 100 4-5

Take a few moments to thank God for past present and future blessingsSpend some time praising God for who He is (His characteristics and names)

Freely worship and adore Him from your heartII Continue with confession and repentance (at least 5 - 10 minutes) Proverbs 2813 Psalms 6618 Ask God to search your thoughts and attitudes Carefully examine your speech Ask God to thoroughly search your relationships Confess any sins of commission and be sure to forsake the sins God reveals Confess any sins of omission and make a definite commitment to obedience Resolve to fully repent of any known sin of thought word or deed (Be specific) Ask God to fill you with the Holy Spirit Be sue to utilize a thorough biblical tool designed to search all areas of your life with Godrsquos Word (Provided in the cleansing guide)

III Move into Prayers of Personal Petition (10 - 15 minutes) Philippians 46 Matthew 633 Pray for the development of character and holiness Pray through the specific fruits of the Holy Spirit or other character words (Matthew 5 1-12 Galatians 522) Pray for your ministry and service to God (be very specific in your prayers) Pray for any physical emotional spiritual or financial needs

IV Proceed with Prayers of Intercession (10 - 20 minutes) Ezekiel 2230 2 Timothy 2104 Pray for needs of family and friends

Pray for your pastor and church Pray for specific lost people and for the entire Nuevo-Laredo Area

Pray for missionaries and mission efforts (Use guides from the International Mission Board)

Pray for revival and spiritual awakening in your church and nationPray for the Leadership of this tripPray for the VBS Sites and TeamsPray for the VBS Site Churches and their Pastors especially Bro Jose Santos Hernandez at Iglesia Bautista Nueva Vida and Bro Gregorio Reyes at the missionPray for the Medical TeamPray that lives will be changed and souls will be savedPray for the cooksPray for Primera Iglesia and their Pastor Dorso MacielPray for safe travelPray for easy passage across the borders each dayPray for each one the on the trip

In your intercession seek to be as specific a possible Also remember the value of focusing on only tow or three categories per day If you thoroughly prayed for every category you could literally pray for hours Though some may be led to prayer for hours most people will be led to focus on certain categories on certain days As always the guiding principle is close sensitivity to the Holy Spirit True prayer is a relationship not a ritualistic formula

V Conclude with a time of meditation and Assessment Reflect on key points of your scripture reading and prayer time Assess how God has impressed on your heart Write down key impressions in a daily journal End your time with thanksgiving for Godrsquos grace mercy and power

Again I emphasize the previous pattern is a general guideline not a rigid program As you allow Godrsquos Spirit to guide you will be amazed at the ways He will direct you day by day It is awesome to pause and remember that Almighty God desires a close personal relationship with you May God help us settle for nothing less than the glorious reality of His presence

A SPIRITUAL CLEANSING CHECKLIST

BY DR GREGORY R FRIZZELL

Listed below is a brief check-list to assist believers in examining their hearts before attempting ministry or witness Take several moments and carefully consider the various questions Listen closely for Godrsquos voice and claim the full forgiveness we are promised (I john 19) After you have fully confessed your sins ask God to fill and empower you by His Spirit You can rest assured God will grant you His own mighty power

1 Do I have any sinful thought patterns I need to confess and forsake Romans 12 1 - 2 2 Corinthians 10 3 - 5Areas to consider Do I frequently have unclean or impure thoughts Is my mind often dominated by worldly thoughts Am I often angry and critical Am I frequently filled with fear rather than faith Do I have bitter thoughts Am I mostly selfish in my thinking Are there any thoughts I know I should confess and forsake Please lay these before God even now

2 Do I have attitudes I need to confess and lay before God Revelation 315 I Peter 55 Hebrews 116 Ephesians 42Areas to consider Am I lukewarm rather than passionate for Christ Do I have any attitudes of arrogance or pride Do I have an attitude of anxiety or doubt Am I in any way harsh or unkind to others Do I have any attitude of materialism or worldliness Am I guilty of jealousy or competition Do I harbor any attitudes of prejudice

3 Do I have sins of speech I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 429 54 Colossians 39 1 Corinthians 1010 1 Thessalonians 518Areas to consider Do I ever use inappropriate speech Am I in any way guilty of cursing Have I participated in off-color jokes Am I prone to exaggerating or lying Do I frequently complain and murmur Am I guilty of divisive speech or backbiting Have I been critical and harsh

4 Do I have damaged or wrong relationships I need to address Matthew 523 614-15 Ephesians 525-63Areas to consider Are there people I have offended yet I havenrsquot obeyed God and gone to them Is there anyone against whom Irsquom holding the slightest grudge or bitterness Do I have any relationships that have gotten out of balance As a husband have I failed to be the spiritual head of my house As a wife am I neglecting my role as a godly helpmeet Have I

allowed rifts to develop between myself and fellow believers Am I a party to conflict and division in my church or family

5 Do I have sinful action or habits I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 55 12 2 Corinthians 617 Exodus 20 2-3 Malachi 38 -10 1 John 320-22Areas to consider Have I been involved in any form of immorality or pornography Do I abuse my body by unhealthy habits Have I put other people and things ahead of serving God Have I participated in gambling Am I in any way involved in horoscopes or new ageism Have I violated Godrsquos standards by compromising my values Do I in any way mistreat others Have I gone places I shouldnrsquot have gone Do I in anyway watch questionable movies or videos

6 Have I failed God by sins of omission John 154 - 5 Ephesians 418 Romans 614 Hebrews 41 James 123-24Areas to consider Do I neglect daily Bible reading and prayers Have I robbed God by neglecting tithes and offerings How I failed to discover and use my spiritual gift Have I tolerated a spiritual stronghold in my life Do I fail to work at deepening my marriage Am I neglecting to be a witness in daily life Do I fail to generously support missions

7 Have I refused to die to self or in any way relied on my own strength Matthew 1624-25 John 1224 Proverbs 173 2 Corinthians 129-10Areas to consider Has God told you to do something yet yoursquove ignored Him Is there a point in which you insist on your own way over Godrsquos Are there points you try to ignore Godrsquos conviction in you life Do you rejoice in your trials or view them only as impositions Do you seek to let God prune your life or do you resist Him Have you in any sense relied more on your own strength than on prayer and the Holy Spirit Do you trust in methods and strategies more than God

CONCLUSION

When you sincerely confess your sins rest assured of Godrsquos forgiveness You can now ask Him to fill you with the Holy Spirit Rely upon God to fill you with His mighty power and wisdom as you witness Each week as you prepare for Cross Training take time to work through some of the primary questions for cleansing As cleansing becomes a lifestyle pattern you will experience a fullness and power you never dreamed possible You will truly experience the glorious life of Galatians 220 ldquoI am crucified with Christ nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for merdquo

PERSONAL EVANGELISM

By Alcides Guajardo

I The Mandate

The mandate for personal evangelism is in the Great Commission There are many expressions of the commission in the Gospels but there are four classical expressions They are

Matthew 2818-20 The best known and most comprehensive expression of the Commission

Luke 2445-49 The most detailed expression of the Commission John 20 19-22 The most personal expression of the Commission Acts 1 6-8 The most strategic expression of the Commission

II The Evangelizer

A A saved person One cannot give away what one does not possess B Every saved person can be and ought to be an evangelizer Evangelism does not mean only leading a person to faith in Christ it means using some effective method to share the Gospel the good news that God knows a person and wants himher to be saved This means that 1 The person who plants the seed of the Gospel is an evangelizer How do you plant the seed a If you lovingly say to a person ldquoGod loves you and wants you to be His sondaughterrdquo you are an evangelizer b The person who shares a Gospel tract is an evangelizer c The person who shares a Bible or Bible portion is an evangelizer d Etc etc There are as many genuine ways to plant the seed of the Gospel as there are earnest Christians praying that God will show them the way 2 The person who cultivates (encourages shows genuine love for and otherwise helps a prospect) is an evangelizer 3 The person who intentionally leads a person to faith in Christ is an evangelizer 4 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through prayer is an evangelizer At this point I like systematic prayer efforts like having a group of people at church earnestly praying while their fellow Christians are out in the community sharing the Gospel 5 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through some other form of assistance like caring for their children while they visit is an evangelizer 6 Etc There are certainly other genuine ways to be an evangelizer C Dependence on the Holy Spirit

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

US PassportBIBLESLEEPING BAG OR AIR MATTRESSBEDDING (SHEETS AND 1 PILLOW)PERSONAL HYGIENE ITEMSCLOTHING FOR WARM CLIMATE (REMEMBER WE ARE ON A MISSIONS TRIP ndash WE ARE CHRISTrsquoS AMBASSADORS ndash THEREFORE NO SLEEVELESS SHIRTS NO LOW CUT TOPS NO SHORTS ABOVE THE KNEES CAPRIS AND LONG LOOSE PANTS ARE ACCEPTABLE ndash PACK AS LIGHT AS POSSIBLE ndash WE WILL HAVE A DRYING RACK AVAILABLE AND A LAUNDRY IS CLOSE BY)A SET OF APPROPRIATE SUNDAY CLOTHES AND SHOESCOMFORTABLE SHOES FOR THE MISSIONS SITESOAPSHAMPOOTOILET PAPERTOWEL (NO MORE THAN 2 LARGE TOWELS)DRIVERrsquoS LICENSE OR GOVERNMENT ISSUED ID)PERSONAL MEDICINES IN THEIR BOTTLESSPENDING MONEY FOR SHOPPING AND PERSONAL ITEMSREADING MATERIAL (NO SECULAR MUSIC NOVELS ETC)LONG DISTANCE CALLING CARD OR CELL PHONE

SPACE IS LIMITED ndash PACK AS LIGHT AS POSSIBLE ndash NO MORE THAN ONE SUITCASE PER PERSON

Telephone Numbers

Please find the following telephone numbers for emergency useJim Cell ndash 573-380-1991David Thompson ndash 573-225-0025Rodney Davis ndash 479-233-0609Dorso Maciel ndash 956-334-1132 or 956-725-9204Primera Iglesia ndash 956-723-9475Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795Super 8 Austin Texas ndash 512-339-1300

PREPARATION AND TRAINING

It is vitally important as you prepare for this trip to be spiritually ready Following are some suggestions that have been adapted for you to be come prepared

COST

The cost of this trip will be $290 per person We are figuring very close this year to try to keep the cost down This will include most meals and beverages (tea lemonade kool-aid coffee juices milk at appropriate times and H2O) hotel room coming and going lodging transportation and a t-shirt We will eat sandwiches on the way down at a roadside park The cost will not include snacks coming and going and the evening meals traveling as well as the Sunday going and Friday and Saturday return noon and evening meal spending money for shopping and personal items

VBS and Medical supplies we try to get donated and would appreciate your help here We also try to get donations of toys to give out to the VBS kids and personal hygiene items to give the parents

This trip is designed primarily for college age kids adults and young families The full payment needs to be to Miner by July 1st

PREPARATION BY DAILY PRAYER

ldquoA SIMPLE PATTERN FOR A POWERFUL DAILY PRAYER TIMErdquo

Special Note The following outline is a general description of an effective daily quiet time The times listed are only samples and are not meant to be rigidly followed

I Begin with a period if praise and thanksgiving (5 - 10 minutes) Psalms 100 4-5

Take a few moments to thank God for past present and future blessingsSpend some time praising God for who He is (His characteristics and names)

Freely worship and adore Him from your heartII Continue with confession and repentance (at least 5 - 10 minutes) Proverbs 2813 Psalms 6618 Ask God to search your thoughts and attitudes Carefully examine your speech Ask God to thoroughly search your relationships Confess any sins of commission and be sure to forsake the sins God reveals Confess any sins of omission and make a definite commitment to obedience Resolve to fully repent of any known sin of thought word or deed (Be specific) Ask God to fill you with the Holy Spirit Be sue to utilize a thorough biblical tool designed to search all areas of your life with Godrsquos Word (Provided in the cleansing guide)

III Move into Prayers of Personal Petition (10 - 15 minutes) Philippians 46 Matthew 633 Pray for the development of character and holiness Pray through the specific fruits of the Holy Spirit or other character words (Matthew 5 1-12 Galatians 522) Pray for your ministry and service to God (be very specific in your prayers) Pray for any physical emotional spiritual or financial needs

IV Proceed with Prayers of Intercession (10 - 20 minutes) Ezekiel 2230 2 Timothy 2104 Pray for needs of family and friends

Pray for your pastor and church Pray for specific lost people and for the entire Nuevo-Laredo Area

Pray for missionaries and mission efforts (Use guides from the International Mission Board)

Pray for revival and spiritual awakening in your church and nationPray for the Leadership of this tripPray for the VBS Sites and TeamsPray for the VBS Site Churches and their Pastors especially Bro Jose Santos Hernandez at Iglesia Bautista Nueva Vida and Bro Gregorio Reyes at the missionPray for the Medical TeamPray that lives will be changed and souls will be savedPray for the cooksPray for Primera Iglesia and their Pastor Dorso MacielPray for safe travelPray for easy passage across the borders each dayPray for each one the on the trip

In your intercession seek to be as specific a possible Also remember the value of focusing on only tow or three categories per day If you thoroughly prayed for every category you could literally pray for hours Though some may be led to prayer for hours most people will be led to focus on certain categories on certain days As always the guiding principle is close sensitivity to the Holy Spirit True prayer is a relationship not a ritualistic formula

V Conclude with a time of meditation and Assessment Reflect on key points of your scripture reading and prayer time Assess how God has impressed on your heart Write down key impressions in a daily journal End your time with thanksgiving for Godrsquos grace mercy and power

Again I emphasize the previous pattern is a general guideline not a rigid program As you allow Godrsquos Spirit to guide you will be amazed at the ways He will direct you day by day It is awesome to pause and remember that Almighty God desires a close personal relationship with you May God help us settle for nothing less than the glorious reality of His presence

A SPIRITUAL CLEANSING CHECKLIST

BY DR GREGORY R FRIZZELL

Listed below is a brief check-list to assist believers in examining their hearts before attempting ministry or witness Take several moments and carefully consider the various questions Listen closely for Godrsquos voice and claim the full forgiveness we are promised (I john 19) After you have fully confessed your sins ask God to fill and empower you by His Spirit You can rest assured God will grant you His own mighty power

1 Do I have any sinful thought patterns I need to confess and forsake Romans 12 1 - 2 2 Corinthians 10 3 - 5Areas to consider Do I frequently have unclean or impure thoughts Is my mind often dominated by worldly thoughts Am I often angry and critical Am I frequently filled with fear rather than faith Do I have bitter thoughts Am I mostly selfish in my thinking Are there any thoughts I know I should confess and forsake Please lay these before God even now

2 Do I have attitudes I need to confess and lay before God Revelation 315 I Peter 55 Hebrews 116 Ephesians 42Areas to consider Am I lukewarm rather than passionate for Christ Do I have any attitudes of arrogance or pride Do I have an attitude of anxiety or doubt Am I in any way harsh or unkind to others Do I have any attitude of materialism or worldliness Am I guilty of jealousy or competition Do I harbor any attitudes of prejudice

3 Do I have sins of speech I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 429 54 Colossians 39 1 Corinthians 1010 1 Thessalonians 518Areas to consider Do I ever use inappropriate speech Am I in any way guilty of cursing Have I participated in off-color jokes Am I prone to exaggerating or lying Do I frequently complain and murmur Am I guilty of divisive speech or backbiting Have I been critical and harsh

4 Do I have damaged or wrong relationships I need to address Matthew 523 614-15 Ephesians 525-63Areas to consider Are there people I have offended yet I havenrsquot obeyed God and gone to them Is there anyone against whom Irsquom holding the slightest grudge or bitterness Do I have any relationships that have gotten out of balance As a husband have I failed to be the spiritual head of my house As a wife am I neglecting my role as a godly helpmeet Have I

allowed rifts to develop between myself and fellow believers Am I a party to conflict and division in my church or family

5 Do I have sinful action or habits I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 55 12 2 Corinthians 617 Exodus 20 2-3 Malachi 38 -10 1 John 320-22Areas to consider Have I been involved in any form of immorality or pornography Do I abuse my body by unhealthy habits Have I put other people and things ahead of serving God Have I participated in gambling Am I in any way involved in horoscopes or new ageism Have I violated Godrsquos standards by compromising my values Do I in any way mistreat others Have I gone places I shouldnrsquot have gone Do I in anyway watch questionable movies or videos

6 Have I failed God by sins of omission John 154 - 5 Ephesians 418 Romans 614 Hebrews 41 James 123-24Areas to consider Do I neglect daily Bible reading and prayers Have I robbed God by neglecting tithes and offerings How I failed to discover and use my spiritual gift Have I tolerated a spiritual stronghold in my life Do I fail to work at deepening my marriage Am I neglecting to be a witness in daily life Do I fail to generously support missions

7 Have I refused to die to self or in any way relied on my own strength Matthew 1624-25 John 1224 Proverbs 173 2 Corinthians 129-10Areas to consider Has God told you to do something yet yoursquove ignored Him Is there a point in which you insist on your own way over Godrsquos Are there points you try to ignore Godrsquos conviction in you life Do you rejoice in your trials or view them only as impositions Do you seek to let God prune your life or do you resist Him Have you in any sense relied more on your own strength than on prayer and the Holy Spirit Do you trust in methods and strategies more than God

CONCLUSION

When you sincerely confess your sins rest assured of Godrsquos forgiveness You can now ask Him to fill you with the Holy Spirit Rely upon God to fill you with His mighty power and wisdom as you witness Each week as you prepare for Cross Training take time to work through some of the primary questions for cleansing As cleansing becomes a lifestyle pattern you will experience a fullness and power you never dreamed possible You will truly experience the glorious life of Galatians 220 ldquoI am crucified with Christ nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for merdquo

PERSONAL EVANGELISM

By Alcides Guajardo

I The Mandate

The mandate for personal evangelism is in the Great Commission There are many expressions of the commission in the Gospels but there are four classical expressions They are

Matthew 2818-20 The best known and most comprehensive expression of the Commission

Luke 2445-49 The most detailed expression of the Commission John 20 19-22 The most personal expression of the Commission Acts 1 6-8 The most strategic expression of the Commission

II The Evangelizer

A A saved person One cannot give away what one does not possess B Every saved person can be and ought to be an evangelizer Evangelism does not mean only leading a person to faith in Christ it means using some effective method to share the Gospel the good news that God knows a person and wants himher to be saved This means that 1 The person who plants the seed of the Gospel is an evangelizer How do you plant the seed a If you lovingly say to a person ldquoGod loves you and wants you to be His sondaughterrdquo you are an evangelizer b The person who shares a Gospel tract is an evangelizer c The person who shares a Bible or Bible portion is an evangelizer d Etc etc There are as many genuine ways to plant the seed of the Gospel as there are earnest Christians praying that God will show them the way 2 The person who cultivates (encourages shows genuine love for and otherwise helps a prospect) is an evangelizer 3 The person who intentionally leads a person to faith in Christ is an evangelizer 4 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through prayer is an evangelizer At this point I like systematic prayer efforts like having a group of people at church earnestly praying while their fellow Christians are out in the community sharing the Gospel 5 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through some other form of assistance like caring for their children while they visit is an evangelizer 6 Etc There are certainly other genuine ways to be an evangelizer C Dependence on the Holy Spirit

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

It is vitally important as you prepare for this trip to be spiritually ready Following are some suggestions that have been adapted for you to be come prepared

COST

The cost of this trip will be $290 per person We are figuring very close this year to try to keep the cost down This will include most meals and beverages (tea lemonade kool-aid coffee juices milk at appropriate times and H2O) hotel room coming and going lodging transportation and a t-shirt We will eat sandwiches on the way down at a roadside park The cost will not include snacks coming and going and the evening meals traveling as well as the Sunday going and Friday and Saturday return noon and evening meal spending money for shopping and personal items

VBS and Medical supplies we try to get donated and would appreciate your help here We also try to get donations of toys to give out to the VBS kids and personal hygiene items to give the parents

This trip is designed primarily for college age kids adults and young families The full payment needs to be to Miner by July 1st

PREPARATION BY DAILY PRAYER

ldquoA SIMPLE PATTERN FOR A POWERFUL DAILY PRAYER TIMErdquo

Special Note The following outline is a general description of an effective daily quiet time The times listed are only samples and are not meant to be rigidly followed

I Begin with a period if praise and thanksgiving (5 - 10 minutes) Psalms 100 4-5

Take a few moments to thank God for past present and future blessingsSpend some time praising God for who He is (His characteristics and names)

Freely worship and adore Him from your heartII Continue with confession and repentance (at least 5 - 10 minutes) Proverbs 2813 Psalms 6618 Ask God to search your thoughts and attitudes Carefully examine your speech Ask God to thoroughly search your relationships Confess any sins of commission and be sure to forsake the sins God reveals Confess any sins of omission and make a definite commitment to obedience Resolve to fully repent of any known sin of thought word or deed (Be specific) Ask God to fill you with the Holy Spirit Be sue to utilize a thorough biblical tool designed to search all areas of your life with Godrsquos Word (Provided in the cleansing guide)

III Move into Prayers of Personal Petition (10 - 15 minutes) Philippians 46 Matthew 633 Pray for the development of character and holiness Pray through the specific fruits of the Holy Spirit or other character words (Matthew 5 1-12 Galatians 522) Pray for your ministry and service to God (be very specific in your prayers) Pray for any physical emotional spiritual or financial needs

IV Proceed with Prayers of Intercession (10 - 20 minutes) Ezekiel 2230 2 Timothy 2104 Pray for needs of family and friends

Pray for your pastor and church Pray for specific lost people and for the entire Nuevo-Laredo Area

Pray for missionaries and mission efforts (Use guides from the International Mission Board)

Pray for revival and spiritual awakening in your church and nationPray for the Leadership of this tripPray for the VBS Sites and TeamsPray for the VBS Site Churches and their Pastors especially Bro Jose Santos Hernandez at Iglesia Bautista Nueva Vida and Bro Gregorio Reyes at the missionPray for the Medical TeamPray that lives will be changed and souls will be savedPray for the cooksPray for Primera Iglesia and their Pastor Dorso MacielPray for safe travelPray for easy passage across the borders each dayPray for each one the on the trip

In your intercession seek to be as specific a possible Also remember the value of focusing on only tow or three categories per day If you thoroughly prayed for every category you could literally pray for hours Though some may be led to prayer for hours most people will be led to focus on certain categories on certain days As always the guiding principle is close sensitivity to the Holy Spirit True prayer is a relationship not a ritualistic formula

V Conclude with a time of meditation and Assessment Reflect on key points of your scripture reading and prayer time Assess how God has impressed on your heart Write down key impressions in a daily journal End your time with thanksgiving for Godrsquos grace mercy and power

Again I emphasize the previous pattern is a general guideline not a rigid program As you allow Godrsquos Spirit to guide you will be amazed at the ways He will direct you day by day It is awesome to pause and remember that Almighty God desires a close personal relationship with you May God help us settle for nothing less than the glorious reality of His presence

A SPIRITUAL CLEANSING CHECKLIST

BY DR GREGORY R FRIZZELL

Listed below is a brief check-list to assist believers in examining their hearts before attempting ministry or witness Take several moments and carefully consider the various questions Listen closely for Godrsquos voice and claim the full forgiveness we are promised (I john 19) After you have fully confessed your sins ask God to fill and empower you by His Spirit You can rest assured God will grant you His own mighty power

1 Do I have any sinful thought patterns I need to confess and forsake Romans 12 1 - 2 2 Corinthians 10 3 - 5Areas to consider Do I frequently have unclean or impure thoughts Is my mind often dominated by worldly thoughts Am I often angry and critical Am I frequently filled with fear rather than faith Do I have bitter thoughts Am I mostly selfish in my thinking Are there any thoughts I know I should confess and forsake Please lay these before God even now

2 Do I have attitudes I need to confess and lay before God Revelation 315 I Peter 55 Hebrews 116 Ephesians 42Areas to consider Am I lukewarm rather than passionate for Christ Do I have any attitudes of arrogance or pride Do I have an attitude of anxiety or doubt Am I in any way harsh or unkind to others Do I have any attitude of materialism or worldliness Am I guilty of jealousy or competition Do I harbor any attitudes of prejudice

3 Do I have sins of speech I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 429 54 Colossians 39 1 Corinthians 1010 1 Thessalonians 518Areas to consider Do I ever use inappropriate speech Am I in any way guilty of cursing Have I participated in off-color jokes Am I prone to exaggerating or lying Do I frequently complain and murmur Am I guilty of divisive speech or backbiting Have I been critical and harsh

4 Do I have damaged or wrong relationships I need to address Matthew 523 614-15 Ephesians 525-63Areas to consider Are there people I have offended yet I havenrsquot obeyed God and gone to them Is there anyone against whom Irsquom holding the slightest grudge or bitterness Do I have any relationships that have gotten out of balance As a husband have I failed to be the spiritual head of my house As a wife am I neglecting my role as a godly helpmeet Have I

allowed rifts to develop between myself and fellow believers Am I a party to conflict and division in my church or family

5 Do I have sinful action or habits I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 55 12 2 Corinthians 617 Exodus 20 2-3 Malachi 38 -10 1 John 320-22Areas to consider Have I been involved in any form of immorality or pornography Do I abuse my body by unhealthy habits Have I put other people and things ahead of serving God Have I participated in gambling Am I in any way involved in horoscopes or new ageism Have I violated Godrsquos standards by compromising my values Do I in any way mistreat others Have I gone places I shouldnrsquot have gone Do I in anyway watch questionable movies or videos

6 Have I failed God by sins of omission John 154 - 5 Ephesians 418 Romans 614 Hebrews 41 James 123-24Areas to consider Do I neglect daily Bible reading and prayers Have I robbed God by neglecting tithes and offerings How I failed to discover and use my spiritual gift Have I tolerated a spiritual stronghold in my life Do I fail to work at deepening my marriage Am I neglecting to be a witness in daily life Do I fail to generously support missions

7 Have I refused to die to self or in any way relied on my own strength Matthew 1624-25 John 1224 Proverbs 173 2 Corinthians 129-10Areas to consider Has God told you to do something yet yoursquove ignored Him Is there a point in which you insist on your own way over Godrsquos Are there points you try to ignore Godrsquos conviction in you life Do you rejoice in your trials or view them only as impositions Do you seek to let God prune your life or do you resist Him Have you in any sense relied more on your own strength than on prayer and the Holy Spirit Do you trust in methods and strategies more than God

CONCLUSION

When you sincerely confess your sins rest assured of Godrsquos forgiveness You can now ask Him to fill you with the Holy Spirit Rely upon God to fill you with His mighty power and wisdom as you witness Each week as you prepare for Cross Training take time to work through some of the primary questions for cleansing As cleansing becomes a lifestyle pattern you will experience a fullness and power you never dreamed possible You will truly experience the glorious life of Galatians 220 ldquoI am crucified with Christ nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for merdquo

PERSONAL EVANGELISM

By Alcides Guajardo

I The Mandate

The mandate for personal evangelism is in the Great Commission There are many expressions of the commission in the Gospels but there are four classical expressions They are

Matthew 2818-20 The best known and most comprehensive expression of the Commission

Luke 2445-49 The most detailed expression of the Commission John 20 19-22 The most personal expression of the Commission Acts 1 6-8 The most strategic expression of the Commission

II The Evangelizer

A A saved person One cannot give away what one does not possess B Every saved person can be and ought to be an evangelizer Evangelism does not mean only leading a person to faith in Christ it means using some effective method to share the Gospel the good news that God knows a person and wants himher to be saved This means that 1 The person who plants the seed of the Gospel is an evangelizer How do you plant the seed a If you lovingly say to a person ldquoGod loves you and wants you to be His sondaughterrdquo you are an evangelizer b The person who shares a Gospel tract is an evangelizer c The person who shares a Bible or Bible portion is an evangelizer d Etc etc There are as many genuine ways to plant the seed of the Gospel as there are earnest Christians praying that God will show them the way 2 The person who cultivates (encourages shows genuine love for and otherwise helps a prospect) is an evangelizer 3 The person who intentionally leads a person to faith in Christ is an evangelizer 4 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through prayer is an evangelizer At this point I like systematic prayer efforts like having a group of people at church earnestly praying while their fellow Christians are out in the community sharing the Gospel 5 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through some other form of assistance like caring for their children while they visit is an evangelizer 6 Etc There are certainly other genuine ways to be an evangelizer C Dependence on the Holy Spirit

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

ldquoA SIMPLE PATTERN FOR A POWERFUL DAILY PRAYER TIMErdquo

Special Note The following outline is a general description of an effective daily quiet time The times listed are only samples and are not meant to be rigidly followed

I Begin with a period if praise and thanksgiving (5 - 10 minutes) Psalms 100 4-5

Take a few moments to thank God for past present and future blessingsSpend some time praising God for who He is (His characteristics and names)

Freely worship and adore Him from your heartII Continue with confession and repentance (at least 5 - 10 minutes) Proverbs 2813 Psalms 6618 Ask God to search your thoughts and attitudes Carefully examine your speech Ask God to thoroughly search your relationships Confess any sins of commission and be sure to forsake the sins God reveals Confess any sins of omission and make a definite commitment to obedience Resolve to fully repent of any known sin of thought word or deed (Be specific) Ask God to fill you with the Holy Spirit Be sue to utilize a thorough biblical tool designed to search all areas of your life with Godrsquos Word (Provided in the cleansing guide)

III Move into Prayers of Personal Petition (10 - 15 minutes) Philippians 46 Matthew 633 Pray for the development of character and holiness Pray through the specific fruits of the Holy Spirit or other character words (Matthew 5 1-12 Galatians 522) Pray for your ministry and service to God (be very specific in your prayers) Pray for any physical emotional spiritual or financial needs

IV Proceed with Prayers of Intercession (10 - 20 minutes) Ezekiel 2230 2 Timothy 2104 Pray for needs of family and friends

Pray for your pastor and church Pray for specific lost people and for the entire Nuevo-Laredo Area

Pray for missionaries and mission efforts (Use guides from the International Mission Board)

Pray for revival and spiritual awakening in your church and nationPray for the Leadership of this tripPray for the VBS Sites and TeamsPray for the VBS Site Churches and their Pastors especially Bro Jose Santos Hernandez at Iglesia Bautista Nueva Vida and Bro Gregorio Reyes at the missionPray for the Medical TeamPray that lives will be changed and souls will be savedPray for the cooksPray for Primera Iglesia and their Pastor Dorso MacielPray for safe travelPray for easy passage across the borders each dayPray for each one the on the trip

In your intercession seek to be as specific a possible Also remember the value of focusing on only tow or three categories per day If you thoroughly prayed for every category you could literally pray for hours Though some may be led to prayer for hours most people will be led to focus on certain categories on certain days As always the guiding principle is close sensitivity to the Holy Spirit True prayer is a relationship not a ritualistic formula

V Conclude with a time of meditation and Assessment Reflect on key points of your scripture reading and prayer time Assess how God has impressed on your heart Write down key impressions in a daily journal End your time with thanksgiving for Godrsquos grace mercy and power

Again I emphasize the previous pattern is a general guideline not a rigid program As you allow Godrsquos Spirit to guide you will be amazed at the ways He will direct you day by day It is awesome to pause and remember that Almighty God desires a close personal relationship with you May God help us settle for nothing less than the glorious reality of His presence

A SPIRITUAL CLEANSING CHECKLIST

BY DR GREGORY R FRIZZELL

Listed below is a brief check-list to assist believers in examining their hearts before attempting ministry or witness Take several moments and carefully consider the various questions Listen closely for Godrsquos voice and claim the full forgiveness we are promised (I john 19) After you have fully confessed your sins ask God to fill and empower you by His Spirit You can rest assured God will grant you His own mighty power

1 Do I have any sinful thought patterns I need to confess and forsake Romans 12 1 - 2 2 Corinthians 10 3 - 5Areas to consider Do I frequently have unclean or impure thoughts Is my mind often dominated by worldly thoughts Am I often angry and critical Am I frequently filled with fear rather than faith Do I have bitter thoughts Am I mostly selfish in my thinking Are there any thoughts I know I should confess and forsake Please lay these before God even now

2 Do I have attitudes I need to confess and lay before God Revelation 315 I Peter 55 Hebrews 116 Ephesians 42Areas to consider Am I lukewarm rather than passionate for Christ Do I have any attitudes of arrogance or pride Do I have an attitude of anxiety or doubt Am I in any way harsh or unkind to others Do I have any attitude of materialism or worldliness Am I guilty of jealousy or competition Do I harbor any attitudes of prejudice

3 Do I have sins of speech I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 429 54 Colossians 39 1 Corinthians 1010 1 Thessalonians 518Areas to consider Do I ever use inappropriate speech Am I in any way guilty of cursing Have I participated in off-color jokes Am I prone to exaggerating or lying Do I frequently complain and murmur Am I guilty of divisive speech or backbiting Have I been critical and harsh

4 Do I have damaged or wrong relationships I need to address Matthew 523 614-15 Ephesians 525-63Areas to consider Are there people I have offended yet I havenrsquot obeyed God and gone to them Is there anyone against whom Irsquom holding the slightest grudge or bitterness Do I have any relationships that have gotten out of balance As a husband have I failed to be the spiritual head of my house As a wife am I neglecting my role as a godly helpmeet Have I

allowed rifts to develop between myself and fellow believers Am I a party to conflict and division in my church or family

5 Do I have sinful action or habits I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 55 12 2 Corinthians 617 Exodus 20 2-3 Malachi 38 -10 1 John 320-22Areas to consider Have I been involved in any form of immorality or pornography Do I abuse my body by unhealthy habits Have I put other people and things ahead of serving God Have I participated in gambling Am I in any way involved in horoscopes or new ageism Have I violated Godrsquos standards by compromising my values Do I in any way mistreat others Have I gone places I shouldnrsquot have gone Do I in anyway watch questionable movies or videos

6 Have I failed God by sins of omission John 154 - 5 Ephesians 418 Romans 614 Hebrews 41 James 123-24Areas to consider Do I neglect daily Bible reading and prayers Have I robbed God by neglecting tithes and offerings How I failed to discover and use my spiritual gift Have I tolerated a spiritual stronghold in my life Do I fail to work at deepening my marriage Am I neglecting to be a witness in daily life Do I fail to generously support missions

7 Have I refused to die to self or in any way relied on my own strength Matthew 1624-25 John 1224 Proverbs 173 2 Corinthians 129-10Areas to consider Has God told you to do something yet yoursquove ignored Him Is there a point in which you insist on your own way over Godrsquos Are there points you try to ignore Godrsquos conviction in you life Do you rejoice in your trials or view them only as impositions Do you seek to let God prune your life or do you resist Him Have you in any sense relied more on your own strength than on prayer and the Holy Spirit Do you trust in methods and strategies more than God

CONCLUSION

When you sincerely confess your sins rest assured of Godrsquos forgiveness You can now ask Him to fill you with the Holy Spirit Rely upon God to fill you with His mighty power and wisdom as you witness Each week as you prepare for Cross Training take time to work through some of the primary questions for cleansing As cleansing becomes a lifestyle pattern you will experience a fullness and power you never dreamed possible You will truly experience the glorious life of Galatians 220 ldquoI am crucified with Christ nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for merdquo

PERSONAL EVANGELISM

By Alcides Guajardo

I The Mandate

The mandate for personal evangelism is in the Great Commission There are many expressions of the commission in the Gospels but there are four classical expressions They are

Matthew 2818-20 The best known and most comprehensive expression of the Commission

Luke 2445-49 The most detailed expression of the Commission John 20 19-22 The most personal expression of the Commission Acts 1 6-8 The most strategic expression of the Commission

II The Evangelizer

A A saved person One cannot give away what one does not possess B Every saved person can be and ought to be an evangelizer Evangelism does not mean only leading a person to faith in Christ it means using some effective method to share the Gospel the good news that God knows a person and wants himher to be saved This means that 1 The person who plants the seed of the Gospel is an evangelizer How do you plant the seed a If you lovingly say to a person ldquoGod loves you and wants you to be His sondaughterrdquo you are an evangelizer b The person who shares a Gospel tract is an evangelizer c The person who shares a Bible or Bible portion is an evangelizer d Etc etc There are as many genuine ways to plant the seed of the Gospel as there are earnest Christians praying that God will show them the way 2 The person who cultivates (encourages shows genuine love for and otherwise helps a prospect) is an evangelizer 3 The person who intentionally leads a person to faith in Christ is an evangelizer 4 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through prayer is an evangelizer At this point I like systematic prayer efforts like having a group of people at church earnestly praying while their fellow Christians are out in the community sharing the Gospel 5 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through some other form of assistance like caring for their children while they visit is an evangelizer 6 Etc There are certainly other genuine ways to be an evangelizer C Dependence on the Holy Spirit

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

Pray for your pastor and church Pray for specific lost people and for the entire Nuevo-Laredo Area

Pray for missionaries and mission efforts (Use guides from the International Mission Board)

Pray for revival and spiritual awakening in your church and nationPray for the Leadership of this tripPray for the VBS Sites and TeamsPray for the VBS Site Churches and their Pastors especially Bro Jose Santos Hernandez at Iglesia Bautista Nueva Vida and Bro Gregorio Reyes at the missionPray for the Medical TeamPray that lives will be changed and souls will be savedPray for the cooksPray for Primera Iglesia and their Pastor Dorso MacielPray for safe travelPray for easy passage across the borders each dayPray for each one the on the trip

In your intercession seek to be as specific a possible Also remember the value of focusing on only tow or three categories per day If you thoroughly prayed for every category you could literally pray for hours Though some may be led to prayer for hours most people will be led to focus on certain categories on certain days As always the guiding principle is close sensitivity to the Holy Spirit True prayer is a relationship not a ritualistic formula

V Conclude with a time of meditation and Assessment Reflect on key points of your scripture reading and prayer time Assess how God has impressed on your heart Write down key impressions in a daily journal End your time with thanksgiving for Godrsquos grace mercy and power

Again I emphasize the previous pattern is a general guideline not a rigid program As you allow Godrsquos Spirit to guide you will be amazed at the ways He will direct you day by day It is awesome to pause and remember that Almighty God desires a close personal relationship with you May God help us settle for nothing less than the glorious reality of His presence

A SPIRITUAL CLEANSING CHECKLIST

BY DR GREGORY R FRIZZELL

Listed below is a brief check-list to assist believers in examining their hearts before attempting ministry or witness Take several moments and carefully consider the various questions Listen closely for Godrsquos voice and claim the full forgiveness we are promised (I john 19) After you have fully confessed your sins ask God to fill and empower you by His Spirit You can rest assured God will grant you His own mighty power

1 Do I have any sinful thought patterns I need to confess and forsake Romans 12 1 - 2 2 Corinthians 10 3 - 5Areas to consider Do I frequently have unclean or impure thoughts Is my mind often dominated by worldly thoughts Am I often angry and critical Am I frequently filled with fear rather than faith Do I have bitter thoughts Am I mostly selfish in my thinking Are there any thoughts I know I should confess and forsake Please lay these before God even now

2 Do I have attitudes I need to confess and lay before God Revelation 315 I Peter 55 Hebrews 116 Ephesians 42Areas to consider Am I lukewarm rather than passionate for Christ Do I have any attitudes of arrogance or pride Do I have an attitude of anxiety or doubt Am I in any way harsh or unkind to others Do I have any attitude of materialism or worldliness Am I guilty of jealousy or competition Do I harbor any attitudes of prejudice

3 Do I have sins of speech I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 429 54 Colossians 39 1 Corinthians 1010 1 Thessalonians 518Areas to consider Do I ever use inappropriate speech Am I in any way guilty of cursing Have I participated in off-color jokes Am I prone to exaggerating or lying Do I frequently complain and murmur Am I guilty of divisive speech or backbiting Have I been critical and harsh

4 Do I have damaged or wrong relationships I need to address Matthew 523 614-15 Ephesians 525-63Areas to consider Are there people I have offended yet I havenrsquot obeyed God and gone to them Is there anyone against whom Irsquom holding the slightest grudge or bitterness Do I have any relationships that have gotten out of balance As a husband have I failed to be the spiritual head of my house As a wife am I neglecting my role as a godly helpmeet Have I

allowed rifts to develop between myself and fellow believers Am I a party to conflict and division in my church or family

5 Do I have sinful action or habits I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 55 12 2 Corinthians 617 Exodus 20 2-3 Malachi 38 -10 1 John 320-22Areas to consider Have I been involved in any form of immorality or pornography Do I abuse my body by unhealthy habits Have I put other people and things ahead of serving God Have I participated in gambling Am I in any way involved in horoscopes or new ageism Have I violated Godrsquos standards by compromising my values Do I in any way mistreat others Have I gone places I shouldnrsquot have gone Do I in anyway watch questionable movies or videos

6 Have I failed God by sins of omission John 154 - 5 Ephesians 418 Romans 614 Hebrews 41 James 123-24Areas to consider Do I neglect daily Bible reading and prayers Have I robbed God by neglecting tithes and offerings How I failed to discover and use my spiritual gift Have I tolerated a spiritual stronghold in my life Do I fail to work at deepening my marriage Am I neglecting to be a witness in daily life Do I fail to generously support missions

7 Have I refused to die to self or in any way relied on my own strength Matthew 1624-25 John 1224 Proverbs 173 2 Corinthians 129-10Areas to consider Has God told you to do something yet yoursquove ignored Him Is there a point in which you insist on your own way over Godrsquos Are there points you try to ignore Godrsquos conviction in you life Do you rejoice in your trials or view them only as impositions Do you seek to let God prune your life or do you resist Him Have you in any sense relied more on your own strength than on prayer and the Holy Spirit Do you trust in methods and strategies more than God

CONCLUSION

When you sincerely confess your sins rest assured of Godrsquos forgiveness You can now ask Him to fill you with the Holy Spirit Rely upon God to fill you with His mighty power and wisdom as you witness Each week as you prepare for Cross Training take time to work through some of the primary questions for cleansing As cleansing becomes a lifestyle pattern you will experience a fullness and power you never dreamed possible You will truly experience the glorious life of Galatians 220 ldquoI am crucified with Christ nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for merdquo

PERSONAL EVANGELISM

By Alcides Guajardo

I The Mandate

The mandate for personal evangelism is in the Great Commission There are many expressions of the commission in the Gospels but there are four classical expressions They are

Matthew 2818-20 The best known and most comprehensive expression of the Commission

Luke 2445-49 The most detailed expression of the Commission John 20 19-22 The most personal expression of the Commission Acts 1 6-8 The most strategic expression of the Commission

II The Evangelizer

A A saved person One cannot give away what one does not possess B Every saved person can be and ought to be an evangelizer Evangelism does not mean only leading a person to faith in Christ it means using some effective method to share the Gospel the good news that God knows a person and wants himher to be saved This means that 1 The person who plants the seed of the Gospel is an evangelizer How do you plant the seed a If you lovingly say to a person ldquoGod loves you and wants you to be His sondaughterrdquo you are an evangelizer b The person who shares a Gospel tract is an evangelizer c The person who shares a Bible or Bible portion is an evangelizer d Etc etc There are as many genuine ways to plant the seed of the Gospel as there are earnest Christians praying that God will show them the way 2 The person who cultivates (encourages shows genuine love for and otherwise helps a prospect) is an evangelizer 3 The person who intentionally leads a person to faith in Christ is an evangelizer 4 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through prayer is an evangelizer At this point I like systematic prayer efforts like having a group of people at church earnestly praying while their fellow Christians are out in the community sharing the Gospel 5 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through some other form of assistance like caring for their children while they visit is an evangelizer 6 Etc There are certainly other genuine ways to be an evangelizer C Dependence on the Holy Spirit

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

BY DR GREGORY R FRIZZELL

Listed below is a brief check-list to assist believers in examining their hearts before attempting ministry or witness Take several moments and carefully consider the various questions Listen closely for Godrsquos voice and claim the full forgiveness we are promised (I john 19) After you have fully confessed your sins ask God to fill and empower you by His Spirit You can rest assured God will grant you His own mighty power

1 Do I have any sinful thought patterns I need to confess and forsake Romans 12 1 - 2 2 Corinthians 10 3 - 5Areas to consider Do I frequently have unclean or impure thoughts Is my mind often dominated by worldly thoughts Am I often angry and critical Am I frequently filled with fear rather than faith Do I have bitter thoughts Am I mostly selfish in my thinking Are there any thoughts I know I should confess and forsake Please lay these before God even now

2 Do I have attitudes I need to confess and lay before God Revelation 315 I Peter 55 Hebrews 116 Ephesians 42Areas to consider Am I lukewarm rather than passionate for Christ Do I have any attitudes of arrogance or pride Do I have an attitude of anxiety or doubt Am I in any way harsh or unkind to others Do I have any attitude of materialism or worldliness Am I guilty of jealousy or competition Do I harbor any attitudes of prejudice

3 Do I have sins of speech I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 429 54 Colossians 39 1 Corinthians 1010 1 Thessalonians 518Areas to consider Do I ever use inappropriate speech Am I in any way guilty of cursing Have I participated in off-color jokes Am I prone to exaggerating or lying Do I frequently complain and murmur Am I guilty of divisive speech or backbiting Have I been critical and harsh

4 Do I have damaged or wrong relationships I need to address Matthew 523 614-15 Ephesians 525-63Areas to consider Are there people I have offended yet I havenrsquot obeyed God and gone to them Is there anyone against whom Irsquom holding the slightest grudge or bitterness Do I have any relationships that have gotten out of balance As a husband have I failed to be the spiritual head of my house As a wife am I neglecting my role as a godly helpmeet Have I

allowed rifts to develop between myself and fellow believers Am I a party to conflict and division in my church or family

5 Do I have sinful action or habits I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 55 12 2 Corinthians 617 Exodus 20 2-3 Malachi 38 -10 1 John 320-22Areas to consider Have I been involved in any form of immorality or pornography Do I abuse my body by unhealthy habits Have I put other people and things ahead of serving God Have I participated in gambling Am I in any way involved in horoscopes or new ageism Have I violated Godrsquos standards by compromising my values Do I in any way mistreat others Have I gone places I shouldnrsquot have gone Do I in anyway watch questionable movies or videos

6 Have I failed God by sins of omission John 154 - 5 Ephesians 418 Romans 614 Hebrews 41 James 123-24Areas to consider Do I neglect daily Bible reading and prayers Have I robbed God by neglecting tithes and offerings How I failed to discover and use my spiritual gift Have I tolerated a spiritual stronghold in my life Do I fail to work at deepening my marriage Am I neglecting to be a witness in daily life Do I fail to generously support missions

7 Have I refused to die to self or in any way relied on my own strength Matthew 1624-25 John 1224 Proverbs 173 2 Corinthians 129-10Areas to consider Has God told you to do something yet yoursquove ignored Him Is there a point in which you insist on your own way over Godrsquos Are there points you try to ignore Godrsquos conviction in you life Do you rejoice in your trials or view them only as impositions Do you seek to let God prune your life or do you resist Him Have you in any sense relied more on your own strength than on prayer and the Holy Spirit Do you trust in methods and strategies more than God

CONCLUSION

When you sincerely confess your sins rest assured of Godrsquos forgiveness You can now ask Him to fill you with the Holy Spirit Rely upon God to fill you with His mighty power and wisdom as you witness Each week as you prepare for Cross Training take time to work through some of the primary questions for cleansing As cleansing becomes a lifestyle pattern you will experience a fullness and power you never dreamed possible You will truly experience the glorious life of Galatians 220 ldquoI am crucified with Christ nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for merdquo

PERSONAL EVANGELISM

By Alcides Guajardo

I The Mandate

The mandate for personal evangelism is in the Great Commission There are many expressions of the commission in the Gospels but there are four classical expressions They are

Matthew 2818-20 The best known and most comprehensive expression of the Commission

Luke 2445-49 The most detailed expression of the Commission John 20 19-22 The most personal expression of the Commission Acts 1 6-8 The most strategic expression of the Commission

II The Evangelizer

A A saved person One cannot give away what one does not possess B Every saved person can be and ought to be an evangelizer Evangelism does not mean only leading a person to faith in Christ it means using some effective method to share the Gospel the good news that God knows a person and wants himher to be saved This means that 1 The person who plants the seed of the Gospel is an evangelizer How do you plant the seed a If you lovingly say to a person ldquoGod loves you and wants you to be His sondaughterrdquo you are an evangelizer b The person who shares a Gospel tract is an evangelizer c The person who shares a Bible or Bible portion is an evangelizer d Etc etc There are as many genuine ways to plant the seed of the Gospel as there are earnest Christians praying that God will show them the way 2 The person who cultivates (encourages shows genuine love for and otherwise helps a prospect) is an evangelizer 3 The person who intentionally leads a person to faith in Christ is an evangelizer 4 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through prayer is an evangelizer At this point I like systematic prayer efforts like having a group of people at church earnestly praying while their fellow Christians are out in the community sharing the Gospel 5 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through some other form of assistance like caring for their children while they visit is an evangelizer 6 Etc There are certainly other genuine ways to be an evangelizer C Dependence on the Holy Spirit

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

allowed rifts to develop between myself and fellow believers Am I a party to conflict and division in my church or family

5 Do I have sinful action or habits I need to confess and forsake Ephesians 55 12 2 Corinthians 617 Exodus 20 2-3 Malachi 38 -10 1 John 320-22Areas to consider Have I been involved in any form of immorality or pornography Do I abuse my body by unhealthy habits Have I put other people and things ahead of serving God Have I participated in gambling Am I in any way involved in horoscopes or new ageism Have I violated Godrsquos standards by compromising my values Do I in any way mistreat others Have I gone places I shouldnrsquot have gone Do I in anyway watch questionable movies or videos

6 Have I failed God by sins of omission John 154 - 5 Ephesians 418 Romans 614 Hebrews 41 James 123-24Areas to consider Do I neglect daily Bible reading and prayers Have I robbed God by neglecting tithes and offerings How I failed to discover and use my spiritual gift Have I tolerated a spiritual stronghold in my life Do I fail to work at deepening my marriage Am I neglecting to be a witness in daily life Do I fail to generously support missions

7 Have I refused to die to self or in any way relied on my own strength Matthew 1624-25 John 1224 Proverbs 173 2 Corinthians 129-10Areas to consider Has God told you to do something yet yoursquove ignored Him Is there a point in which you insist on your own way over Godrsquos Are there points you try to ignore Godrsquos conviction in you life Do you rejoice in your trials or view them only as impositions Do you seek to let God prune your life or do you resist Him Have you in any sense relied more on your own strength than on prayer and the Holy Spirit Do you trust in methods and strategies more than God

CONCLUSION

When you sincerely confess your sins rest assured of Godrsquos forgiveness You can now ask Him to fill you with the Holy Spirit Rely upon God to fill you with His mighty power and wisdom as you witness Each week as you prepare for Cross Training take time to work through some of the primary questions for cleansing As cleansing becomes a lifestyle pattern you will experience a fullness and power you never dreamed possible You will truly experience the glorious life of Galatians 220 ldquoI am crucified with Christ nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for merdquo

PERSONAL EVANGELISM

By Alcides Guajardo

I The Mandate

The mandate for personal evangelism is in the Great Commission There are many expressions of the commission in the Gospels but there are four classical expressions They are

Matthew 2818-20 The best known and most comprehensive expression of the Commission

Luke 2445-49 The most detailed expression of the Commission John 20 19-22 The most personal expression of the Commission Acts 1 6-8 The most strategic expression of the Commission

II The Evangelizer

A A saved person One cannot give away what one does not possess B Every saved person can be and ought to be an evangelizer Evangelism does not mean only leading a person to faith in Christ it means using some effective method to share the Gospel the good news that God knows a person and wants himher to be saved This means that 1 The person who plants the seed of the Gospel is an evangelizer How do you plant the seed a If you lovingly say to a person ldquoGod loves you and wants you to be His sondaughterrdquo you are an evangelizer b The person who shares a Gospel tract is an evangelizer c The person who shares a Bible or Bible portion is an evangelizer d Etc etc There are as many genuine ways to plant the seed of the Gospel as there are earnest Christians praying that God will show them the way 2 The person who cultivates (encourages shows genuine love for and otherwise helps a prospect) is an evangelizer 3 The person who intentionally leads a person to faith in Christ is an evangelizer 4 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through prayer is an evangelizer At this point I like systematic prayer efforts like having a group of people at church earnestly praying while their fellow Christians are out in the community sharing the Gospel 5 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through some other form of assistance like caring for their children while they visit is an evangelizer 6 Etc There are certainly other genuine ways to be an evangelizer C Dependence on the Holy Spirit

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

When you sincerely confess your sins rest assured of Godrsquos forgiveness You can now ask Him to fill you with the Holy Spirit Rely upon God to fill you with His mighty power and wisdom as you witness Each week as you prepare for Cross Training take time to work through some of the primary questions for cleansing As cleansing becomes a lifestyle pattern you will experience a fullness and power you never dreamed possible You will truly experience the glorious life of Galatians 220 ldquoI am crucified with Christ nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for merdquo

PERSONAL EVANGELISM

By Alcides Guajardo

I The Mandate

The mandate for personal evangelism is in the Great Commission There are many expressions of the commission in the Gospels but there are four classical expressions They are

Matthew 2818-20 The best known and most comprehensive expression of the Commission

Luke 2445-49 The most detailed expression of the Commission John 20 19-22 The most personal expression of the Commission Acts 1 6-8 The most strategic expression of the Commission

II The Evangelizer

A A saved person One cannot give away what one does not possess B Every saved person can be and ought to be an evangelizer Evangelism does not mean only leading a person to faith in Christ it means using some effective method to share the Gospel the good news that God knows a person and wants himher to be saved This means that 1 The person who plants the seed of the Gospel is an evangelizer How do you plant the seed a If you lovingly say to a person ldquoGod loves you and wants you to be His sondaughterrdquo you are an evangelizer b The person who shares a Gospel tract is an evangelizer c The person who shares a Bible or Bible portion is an evangelizer d Etc etc There are as many genuine ways to plant the seed of the Gospel as there are earnest Christians praying that God will show them the way 2 The person who cultivates (encourages shows genuine love for and otherwise helps a prospect) is an evangelizer 3 The person who intentionally leads a person to faith in Christ is an evangelizer 4 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through prayer is an evangelizer At this point I like systematic prayer efforts like having a group of people at church earnestly praying while their fellow Christians are out in the community sharing the Gospel 5 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through some other form of assistance like caring for their children while they visit is an evangelizer 6 Etc There are certainly other genuine ways to be an evangelizer C Dependence on the Holy Spirit

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

By Alcides Guajardo

I The Mandate

The mandate for personal evangelism is in the Great Commission There are many expressions of the commission in the Gospels but there are four classical expressions They are

Matthew 2818-20 The best known and most comprehensive expression of the Commission

Luke 2445-49 The most detailed expression of the Commission John 20 19-22 The most personal expression of the Commission Acts 1 6-8 The most strategic expression of the Commission

II The Evangelizer

A A saved person One cannot give away what one does not possess B Every saved person can be and ought to be an evangelizer Evangelism does not mean only leading a person to faith in Christ it means using some effective method to share the Gospel the good news that God knows a person and wants himher to be saved This means that 1 The person who plants the seed of the Gospel is an evangelizer How do you plant the seed a If you lovingly say to a person ldquoGod loves you and wants you to be His sondaughterrdquo you are an evangelizer b The person who shares a Gospel tract is an evangelizer c The person who shares a Bible or Bible portion is an evangelizer d Etc etc There are as many genuine ways to plant the seed of the Gospel as there are earnest Christians praying that God will show them the way 2 The person who cultivates (encourages shows genuine love for and otherwise helps a prospect) is an evangelizer 3 The person who intentionally leads a person to faith in Christ is an evangelizer 4 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through prayer is an evangelizer At this point I like systematic prayer efforts like having a group of people at church earnestly praying while their fellow Christians are out in the community sharing the Gospel 5 The person who assists the evangelistic efforts of a fellow Christian through some other form of assistance like caring for their children while they visit is an evangelizer 6 Etc There are certainly other genuine ways to be an evangelizer C Dependence on the Holy Spirit

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

Notice that all of the expressions of the Great Commission listed above promise the assistance of the Holy Spirit to carry out the Commission

D Preparation

1 Learn the plan of salvation The plan of salvation is a God Exists b God cares for and truly loves all men and women c The reason people do not experience Godrsquos love is sin d The cure for our sin is asking Jesus to forgive us Donrsquot ask Mexican if they are a Christian - They believe if you are a human being you are a Christian e To receive forgiveness a person has to take the initiative to ask Jesus to forgive himher f To be a Christian one has to believe the plan of salvation and give himself totally to Jesus Christ 2 Learn to share the plan of salvation contextuallyndashaccording to the expressed implied or visible need of the person to be evangelized 3 Learn to share your personal testimony a Share it clearly A clear and emphatic persona testimony includes four parts 1 Tells about our life before we accepted Christ as Savior 2 Tells about how Christ began and continued to deal with you 3 Tells about our accepting Christ as personal Savior 4 Tells about our Christian life since we accepted Christ b Share it briefly share it in 2 minutes c Share it sincerely and with love 4 Learn a specific sharing the Gospel method 5 Be a Bible reader a Bible student 6 Learn to look for opportunities to share the Gospel and to depend on the Holy Spirit to lead while doing it

E A saved person who is an effective evangelizer is one who prays faithfully Faithful prayer means praying a lot Effective evangelizers are faithful in their prayer life

III The Person to be Evangelized A ldquoThe Baptist Faith and Messagerdquo says about men and women ldquoMan was created by the special act of God in His own image and is the crowning work of His creationby his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race Through the temptation of Satan man transgressedOnly the grace of God can bring man into His holy fellowshipThe sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image and in that Christ died for man therefore

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian loverdquo (Hobbs 1986 p 49) B All persons are alike all persons are different Lives governed by culture 1 Alike before God 2 Different because of culture C Persons are invaluable so valuable that God was willing to pay the highest price possible D A lost person A person without Christ is lost E A cultural person Hispanics along the river are 1 Roman Catholics by choice or tradition 2 Philosophically very stoical very deterministic (Fatalistic) Hispanics live for the moment The song ldquoQue sera serardquo captures fairly and well the over -all Hispanic attitude 3 Socially very gregarious though not extroverted 4 Family oriented Both parents live at home generally

IV The Act and Procedure of Evangelizing A Do it be faithful B Do it clearly and simply C Use the Bible know the Bible D Ask direct and pointed questions like 1 Do you feel that God is your father 2 If you were to die tonight would you go to heaven 3 Would you like to know for sure that you will go to heaven 4 Do not ask a Hispanic if heshe is a Christian E Present the plan of salvation See II D F Ask for and expect a decision

V Follow Through A Teach assurance of salvation B Teach assurance of victory in the Christian life C Teach them assurance of forgiveness for sins The key Bible passage we need to know by memory is 1 John 16-10 It tells about Godrsquos willingness to forgive us The two key verses say ldquoIf we say that we have not sinned we are fooling ourselves and the truth isnrsquot in our hearts 9 But if we confess our sins to God he can be trusted to forgive us and take our sins awayrdquo (vv 8-9) D Teach assurance of Godrsquos Grace in their daily Christian life E Teach them to read and study the Bible 1 Use the right Bible 2 Three basic ways to read and study the Bible a Read the Bible devotionally

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

b Read the Bible methodically to properly interpret its message and communicate that message to others in a lesson or sermon c Read the Bible so as to clearly convey itrsquos meaning by reading it correctly in public F Teach them to pray 1 Teach them to exercise the highest Christian privilegendashprayer 2 Teach them the formula for true prayer It is simple teach them to use it properly We pray to God the Father (ldquoOur Fatherrdquo) led by the Holy Spirit and in the name or by the power of Jesus Christ We do not pray ldquoin the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spiritrdquo 3 Pray without ceasing 4 Teach them to teach new Christians to pray

G Teach them to share their faith with people in their immediate circle of influencemdashrelatives friends co-workers At some point the Holy Spirit will lead an experienced and responsible Christian to witness to persons they do not know

H Teach them how to share their faith 1 Teach them the plan of salvation 2 Teach them the basic scriptures for sharing the Gospel and preferably to memorize them 3 Teach them to use the Roman Road or 4 Teach them to use a ldquoharvesting pamphletrdquo or 5 Some other specific harvesting or winning pamphlet of which there are many 6 Teach them to be flexible One important part of mastering a witnessing plan is to learn to adapt it to modify it as the need may suggest 7 Teach them to be faithful Ralph Neighbor says that you do not have to be successful you only have to faithful (Neighbor 1967 pp17-21) 8 At the appropriate point in the above procedure pick-up on the various parts of your own preparation mentioned in IID p 3 above I Teach them to depend on the Holy Spirit

VI The argument for Teaching and Training Others to Share Their Faithndashthe Multiplication Theory

The multiplication theory says that if a Christian concentrates on winning and ldquotrainingrdquo new Christians (training means instructing in personal evangelism) the results of hisher efforts will be multiplied exponentially The following ideas come from Dawson Troter founder of the Navigators through Dr James Cranersquos Book La reproduccion espiritual For example if you win one person to Christ each year for ten years there will be at the end of the ten years 11 Christians But if you win and train one person per year and take all the time needed to disciple and teach

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

that person to lead and train one person to Christ each year look at what can happen

1st year 1 wins and trains 1 = 2 witnessing Christians 2nd year 2 wins and train 1 = 4 witnessing Christians 3rd year 4 win and train 1 = 8 witnessing Christians

4th year 8 win and train 1 = 16 witnessing Christians5th year 16 win and train 1 = 32 witnessing Christians

6th year 32 win and train 1 = 64 witnessing Christians7th year 64 win and train 1 = 128 witnessing Christians8th year 128 win and train 1 = 256 witnessing Christians9th year 256 win and train 1 =512 witnessing Christians10th year 512 win and train 1 = 1024 witnessing Christians(Crane 1968 p 16)

Is this realistic Is it possible

Again Dr James Crane in his book La reproduccion expiritual

(Spiritual Reproduction) relates an illustration from Dawson Trotman Trotman told the thrilling true story that just before WWII he and his wife met a sailor on a US warship anchored at the naval base near San Diego CA They led the sailor to the Lord and spent a lot of time teaching and instructing him in the Christian life and in personal evangelism Soon the ship sailed and at first the sailor thought he was a failure because it took him three months to lead his first convert to Christ But he faithfully and patiently taught the new Christian the very things that the Trotmans had taught him They both grew spiritually They both continued faithfully sharing their faith and training new Christians By the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor 125 sailors on their ship had accepted Christ and been trained There were also many vibrant new Christians in more than 50 ships of the US fleet (Crane 1968 p 16) Can it be done No question it can be done it has been done Yet the fact that it has been done so seldom speaks to the human frailty of disobedience and the weakness of our spiritual lives Let us deepen our spiritual lives let us pray learn motivate ourselves and others to share the Good News with all mankind will be accomplished

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

INTRODUCTION TO MEXICO MISSIONS

The border between Mexico and the United States separates two independent sovereign nations with distinctive histories and unique cultures Although they are neighbors sharing the worldrsquos longest border the two countries differ markedly in terms of language culture climate political systems and degrees of economic development Yet in the border area defined in the 1983 Border Environmental Agreement as the zone within 100 kilometers or 62 miles on either side of the political boundary those differences are blurred Many of the people who live there speak both English and Spanish The overall economy of the area is intertwined thousands of people travel across the border each day between their homes and their jobs In fact over 300 million people cross into the United States from Mexico each year making the MexicanUS border the most frequently crossed border in the world

From an environmental perspective the border area is undivided Several rivers including the Santa Cruz Rio Grande San Pedro Colorado Tijuana and New Rivers flow along and across the border Three major desert regions (the Sonoran Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts) with their unique ecosystems lie on both sides of the border Groundwater aquifers that provide essential water resources for both human consumption and agricultural use lie under both sides of the border The cities that face each other across the border share common air sheds and drainage basins Even though the border area is divided into different political units including two countries six Mexican states and four US States it ismdashfrom many perspectivesmdashan undivided area

Physical FeaturesThe political border that separates Mexico and the United States stretches

3141 kilometers or 1952 miles between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean For roughly half its distance the border coincides with the bed of the Rio Grande for its other half the border is unrelated to topography marked only by signs at the formal border crossings On either side of the border the climate and physical features of the land are similar The border begins in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and ends in the Gulf of Mexico With the notable exception of the lower Rio Grande Valley most of the border passes through high-altitude deserts populated by drought resistant species of plants and animals Temperatures in the area can very greatly depending on the time of the day season and geography

PopulationBecause of the rigors of the land and climate most of the border area is

sparsely populated Even so 10 million people live in the 250000 square mile border area or about 40 people per square mile However the population is not distributed evenly throughout the area A large percentage of the population lives in or near the pairs of sister cities located across the border from each other Approximately 92 million people live in fourteen pairs of sister citiesOver the past decade hundreds of thousands of people have been drawn to these sister cities in search of better jobs and a higher standard of living The industrial base has expanded sharply particularly on the Mexican side of the border Growing populations and expanding industries along the MexicanUS border already are posing an ever-expanding challenge to both countries The border has experienced tremendous growth

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

BASIC MISSION PRINCIPLESFoundational Pillars and Principles of the Mission Enterprise

The ultimate goal of missions is to bring people to saving faith in Jesus Christ and initiate local communities of faith that reflect the Kingdom of God in the world Simply stated our basic task is evangelism that results in churchesThe foundational pillars or key components of a comprehensive mission strategy are 1) prayer 2) evangelism 3) church planting 4) nurturing believers 5) training and mobilizing local leaders and 6) meeting human needs Overlooking one of these components will produce mediocre results at best Your mission group has chosen to partner with Baptist churches along theborder in one or more of these tasks Your specific task may be construction Mission VBS a medical clinic an evangelistic block party and or leadership training seminars Yet we all have the same ultimate goal evangelism that results in churches

Mission workers are most successful when they see themselves as ldquopartnersrdquo or ldquoco-laborersrdquo in ministry This involves mutual respect mutual sharing and mutual giving of one to another

Ideally all mission projects will utilize the following approach Model Assist Watch and Leave

Modeling refers to the act of doing church with the new group of believers Assisting refers to the act of helping the mission congregation to carry out its functions This is the crucial first step of transferring responsibility and authority to local leadership Watching involves encouraging equipping and empowering the mission congregation to do church on their own Leaving refers to passing the baton to a young church that is truly indigenous and self-propagating (ie reproduces itself) This approach can be accomplished to some degree in a week- long mission project In some cases it may be best to plan a two to three year partnership with one specific mission congregation toexperience the benefits of this approachSome obstacles to this approach are 1) using non-reproducible church models 2) subsidies that create dependency on external sources of support 3) paternalism 4) the temptation to ldquodo it myselfrdquo andor 5) imposing extra-biblical requirements for becomingbeing a churchVolunteers in Missions and the Indigenous MethodAs a volunteer you can be utilized effectively on the mission field There are opportunities for Southern Baptists to be on mission with God throughout the Borderland Even strategies using volunteers like yourself should follow the

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

indigenous principle so churches will survive and flourish in their own way within their own environment and on the basis of their own financial resourcesMany times local believers will request help from volunteers who then respondcompassionately and emotionally This response encourages local believers to depend on outside help and undermines the growth of strong indigenous work Direct gifts and subsidy can create jealousy erode local stewardship and undermine local priorities When these believers look to the Lordrsquos provision through local resources they are more likely to develop strong churches that reproduce themselves

Letrsquos be partners in facilitating a church planting movement a rapid multiplication of indigenous churches within a people group by planting churches in a way that is reproducible by local believersAdapted from Volunteers in Missions International Preparation Guide of the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention

BASIC PREPARATIONS AT HOMESPIRITUAL PREPARATION1048707 Establish at the very minimum 30 days of prayer1048707 Spend time daily in personal prayer and Scripture reading1048707 Dedicate one evening a week to develop a unified vision within the groupMATERIAL PREPARATION1048707 Organize all the materials you will use for teachingHandouts gospel tracts and evangelistic tracts1048707 Organize all the material you will use for craftsPaper scissors crayons construction paper etc1048707 Organize all the activities you will use for recreationVolleyball basketball parachute etcWHAT TO EXPECT1048707 Expect opposition and criticism from your own group1048707 Expect opposition from the enemy1048707 Expect delays things donrsquot run the way you do things at home1048707 Be flexible and have a good attitude

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

ADAPTING TO CHANGEIf you musthellip donrsquot come

The following advice was submitted by IMB missionary Rick Lane (Costa Rica)

If you must have motherrsquos cooking or North American fast food donrsquot comeThe meals that our people prepare for you represent their desire to express gratitude and to share fellowship often at great personal sacrifice If you snub their food they will not hear your message

If you must sleep in a bed like your own and have your own private room donrsquot comeWhat you are offered will be the best that your hosts have Accept it endure it and say ldquoThank yourdquo By no means insist on a hotel Where they live for a lifetime you can live for a week or two

If you must be transported in a private vehicle everywhere you go donrsquot comeMost folks donrsquot have cars You can walk like they do or take the bus Cars here cost more than the houses in which a lot of folks live

If you must do it your way or not at all donrsquot comeNot at all is good choice if the alternative is the destruction of the bridges that missionaries have been building for many years Your way really may be best but that is not the point In fact if you ask you can probably get a pretty good explanation for why things should be done as they are

If you must bring your biases and prejudices donrsquot comeYou may have grown up believing that some ways of living or even some people are better than others They arenrsquot

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

You are coming to serve and to do so humbly Any condescending attitudes or remarks will quickly and clearly be understood even if all of your attempts at communication the gospel are not

On the other hand if you will allow yourself to be taught as much as you seek to teach empty yourself in order to be filled open yourself to new ways of seeing and doing allow Godrsquos love to be your only motivation and interest please comeWe need you and others like you You will be blessed you will bless others and God will smile

The Christian Doctrine of Border Missions

Some of my friends have complained that I constantly promulgate ldquoborderologyrdquo as if I had invented a ldquotheology of the borderrdquo But I did not invent it I merely discovered it while studying the New Testament especially the life of Jesus He has left us a good example as ldquoMissionary to the BordersrdquoI A border can be a limit Acts 17261 Some see the border as a barrier to outsiders2 Some see the border as a separation of races and cultures3 Some see the border as the end of our responsibilityII A border is simply a place a mission field Matt 216 413 834 1522 amp 39 191-2 Mark517 724 amp 31 101 Acts 1350In the King James Version you will see that twice the word is translated ldquobordersrdquo and all the other times ldquocoastsrdquo (what are the borders of the British Isles) When you compare several modern versions you learn that the same Greek word that means border is translated thus region district parts frontiers territory neighborhood country borderlands borders outskirts vicinity area So a border is basically a place where people live1 A border is a district where Jesus teaches the people who come to Him2 A border is a region where Jesus heals both individuals and multitudes3 A border is a neighborhood where Jesus reveals deep truths about Himself to those who believe in Him4 A border is an area where the hopelessly doomed can find new life with Him5 A border is a territory where Jesus and His followers may be rejected and expelled

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

III A border is a horizonOur English word ldquohorizonrdquo comes from the Greek verb horizein ldquoto mark out aboundaryrdquo1 A horizon is a place where two different realities (like earth and sky or two nations) meet mix mingle and merge2 A horizon is where you expect to reach the end only to discover a whole new panorama of possibilities and opportunities3 A horizon is a place where you cannot hide The horizon ldquoskylinesrdquo you for all to seeThis implies both danger and opportunity

MISSION TRIP DOrsquos amp DONrsquoTsDO1 Be respectful of people and culture2 Visit on first day cultural stand-off is not one-sided3 Use tools that they most familiar with4 Involve local people and teach them how to do what you do5 Develop a huge sense of humor6 Get out of the ldquonumbersrdquo bracket and into the ldquoqualityrdquo bracket7 Share informally with people8 Help grow churches by training9 Stress relationships10 Strive to work yourself out of a job11 Obey authority12 Show respect for leaders amp team members13 Remember your purpose14 Have a ldquoservantrdquo heart15 Be positive16 Be courteous17 Have a good attitude18 Be available and willing to work19 Build trust20 Accept idiosyncrasies21 Wear clothes that honor Christ

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

22 Be FLEXIBLEDONrsquoT1 Go over leaderrsquos head2 Do anything without local pastorrsquos approval3 Complain about anything4 Be critical of anything5 Show displeasure6 Go to change a people andor culture7 Make fun of living conditions8 Feel sorry for people9 Give away anything but rather let the border church meet needs so follow-up happens10 Try to ldquofixrdquo the poverty you observe in one week11 Try to be ldquocuterdquo at a border crossing12 Say ldquoyou should have been thererdquo when you return13 Use any kind of tobacco on the mission field because it hurts the local churchrsquos witness14 Get involved in local church or community issues

TEXASMEXICO BORDERLAND FACT SHEETdiams Population on the border has grown from 2 million in 1967 to 14 million in 2000 (10 million on Mexico side and 42 million on the Texas side)diams Due to massive migration from the interior of Mexico to work in the American twin factories the population is projected to grow to 36 million by the year 2020 (30 million on the Mexico side and 63 million on the Texas side)diams Nowhere else on the globe does one state border with four international statesdiams The only place on earth where one state shares 7 international twin cities is the TexasMexico borderdiams Northbound annual crossings average 35 million tractor-trailers 75 million cars and 254 million peoplediams Border crossing traffic will increase by 128 along the TexasMexico border between Del Rio and Brownsville by the year 2015 according to the Texas Dept of Transportationrsquos feasibility studydiams Four of the five fastest growing cities in Texas are located on the border (Laredo Brownsville McAllen and El Paso)diams 103 of the Fortune 500 companies have moved major holdings to the borderlands from Canada Germany Korea Japan and Taiwan The work ethic of borderlanders has brought global prosperity to the borderdiams Most new immigrants coming to the border are coming from the states with the smallest percentage of evangelicals in Mexico and now have easy access to the Gospel from Texas Baptists

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

diams If the 43-county Texas border region were treated as a separate state it would be the national leader among all states in thehellipdiams poverty rate (295)diams school children in poverty (38)diams unemployment rate (9)diams percent of adult population without a high school diploma (373)diams birth rate (21 live births per 1000 population)diams percent of the population that speaks Spanish at home (571)diams In addition the Texas border region ranks dead last in the US in per-capita personal income nearly last among all the states in average annual pay and even ranks last in the US in the proportion of households with a telephonediams More than a quarter of the Texas border counties or 11 of 43 fall into the poorest 1 percent of all counties in the US with per-capita incomes of less than $10840diams The border region contains three of the nationrsquos five poorest counties (Maverick Starr and Zavala More than half ranked in the poorest 10 percent of all counties with per-capita personal income of less than $13914diams There are now over 1800 colonias on the Texas side of the border of which more than 70 have no basic services such as water and sewage More than 500000 people live in these 1800 coloniasdiams The federal government considers nearly four in five Border counties as health professional shortage areas because of the scarcity of hospital beds physicians and other health care personnel Border residents can count on only 14 physicians and 33 hospital beds per 100000 population while other Texas residents draw upon 161 physicians and 403 beds respectivelydiams River Ministry annually averages more than 800 volunteer health care professionals who provide treatment for more than 40000 patients in 70 permanent clinics and more than 200 additional care sitesdiams River Ministry relates to 9 Childrenrsquos Homes in Mexico which provide care for more than 500 abandoned or unafforded childrendiams Texas Baptists through River Ministry provide training in 18 Theological Institutes and 1 Missionary Training Center

GUIDELINES FOR PRAYERWALKINGbull Prayerwalking is a good method to use when seeking to begin a new ministry or continue an on going ministry It is a method to use in beginning to prepare and cultivate a new field to be reached It is inviting the Holy Spirit to work in the lives of those who need Jesus Christ Prayerwalking can be used to help a church find out the needs in reaching out to their immediate community or in reaching out to a new communitybull Prepare yourself Confess your sin before the Father Ask Him to prepare your mind and heart Seek His guidance Keep yourself pure Be obedient to how He leads Prepare to prayerwalk with ears and eyes openbull Meet with other believers Organize your prayerwalk Divide up in pairs or groups of three Have groups made up of your team members

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

and members of the church you are working with Keep groups small Smaller groups allow everyone to pray and will not bring on a lot of attention Pray naturally Pray conversationally Pray using Scripturebull Assign a time frame Prepare to use one to two hours for the prayerwalk This allows for time to pray and afterward to meet together to share what God has done and said Choose the most appropriate time frame for your team and for what you want to accomplishbull Choose an area Ask the Lord for guidance Visit with the local pastor or key leaders and work with them on a specific area or route Prayer walk through residential as well as commercial areas school zones churches and shopping centers When unable to walk street by street if possible choose a spot where you are able to look over the area to be prayed for It is a blessing to pray over unknown areas and to see how God may workbull Pray with discernment Pray for the people you see Pray for each house you see Pray for the needs of those people Pray that the Holy Spirit touch them with the truth of the GospelPray using Scripture verses towards the people and homes you come across Ask the Holy Spirit to intercede for you during the prayer walkingbull Focus on God Make the emphasis of your prayers on the promises of God and not the plans of satan Pray before you begin the prayer walk asking God to overcome the working of satanbull Prayerwalking should be simple and silent As teams walk through an area praying can be done in silence or out loud but not loud and in a non-attention getting manner Should someone ask what you are doing it is ok to tell them Prayer walking can sensitize one to the needs in a communitybull After prayerwalking reunite with the others and share your experiences Share what you have prayed and what you have experienced What you share may encourage others in the group Share the results with the pastor of the local church Sharing can also help others see how God works through prayer Make plans to carry out prayer walks in the future

Cross-Cultural Awareness Corner1) ldquoNormally when relating to others it is good advice lsquoto just be yourselfrsquo OK goodadvice Just remember in a multi-cultural environment that ldquojust being yourselfrdquo is lsquoto bedifferentrsquo2) ldquoDonrsquot assume that what you meant is what was understood You can be sure of what you mean when you say something but you canrsquot be sure how someone else understands this Check for signs that the other person did or did not understand yourdquoJesus Christ is the only faithful example of divine love in interpersonal relationships and

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

communication Modeling redemptive unfailing love He is our perfect incarnational model for cross-cultural awareness and communication Our goal too is to reflect redemptive love love that has profound ability to draw others to Christ An ideal goal for every Christian would be to have the mentality and mindset of a missionary The missionary role is to cross bridges boundaries and barriers to share the love ofJesus and the Word of God In order to cross these barriers it is always necessary to examine and modify ones attitudes and perceptions of the targeted people No matter where we live and minister there will always be bridges boundaries and barriers that must be crossed to successfully minister in Jesusrsquo name These barriers may be cultural economic social language geographic etc The challenge for every Christian is to have a WILLING SPIRIT BE ACCEPTING and BE FLEXIBLE

MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES IN MEXICAN PROVERBSBY VAN GLADEN

Any culture distills the accumulated wisdom of its people in the popular sayings that people repeat The Mexican culture is particularly rich in such sayings Though these proverbs grew out of life in general many of them have obvious application to mission work Here are a few samples1048707 Mas vale prevenir que lamentarIt is worth more to prevent than to lament

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

Before going to Mexico to do mission work you should study investigate prepare plananticipate organize and orientate Then you will be more likely to celebrate your success that tolament your failure1048707 No hay peor lucha que la que no se haceThere is no worse struggle than the one you do not makeYou may hesitate to try to meet the spiritual and material needs of your chosen mission fieldsince they appear to be so much greater than your resources and abilities But this saying wiselyinsists that it is better to do something than to do nothing1048707 Mas vale paacutejaro en mano que cien volandoA bird in the hand is worth more than a hundred in flightThis is the other side of the ldquopreparation coinrdquo You can spend too much time and energyplanning your mission project trying to get every detail exactly right only to find that youropportunities to win souls and start churches have flown away1048707 Mejor lo malo por conocido que lo bueno por conocerBetter the bad we already know than the good we might learnThe attitude expressed in this saying helps to explain why mission work has been so difficult inHispanic cultures You may be sure you can show the people a better way to live and die but theytend to cling to the comfortable familiarity of their own beliefs and practices So you need tounderstand why that culture seems so precious to them in order to express the Christian Gospelin ways that will make sense to those people1048707 El que paga manda He who pays commandsThis truth permeates all levels of Hispanic life so it strongly affects how the people perceive andunderstand mission work Enemies of our work accuse us of ldquobuyingrdquo our converts they assumethat our converts have ldquosoldrdquo themselves to a foreign influence for some material benefits Soyou must learn how to employ your material resources without obscuring the importance of theGospel itself and without weakening the initiative and responsibility of your converts And youmust resist the temptation to become the ldquoBossrdquo even when you provide most of the money1048707 Limosnero con garrote Beggar with a clubThis refers to people who become audacious and demanding in what they ask and expectUnfortunately a missionary endeavor can degenerate to this level if the missionaries ldquospoilrdquo theirconverts with too much generosity You should teach your converts to depend on Godrsquosprovidence and their own efforts Your compassion for needy people must not lead you to formvenality greed or arrogance in them1048707 Segun el sapo es la pedradaAccording to the size of the toad is the stone you throwThis saying urges you to adapt the means you use to the end you seek Some missionary groupsseem to want to establish a five star urban church in a rural village too much stone too little frogSome sponsors want their ldquolittle preacherrdquo to have a life style like their own which wouldseparate him from his local constituents

1048707 Para los toros del jaral los caballos de alli mismoFor the bulls from the bramble-brakes the horses from the same placeThis saying about appropriateness comes from the bull-fighting milieu to handle wild bulls youneed horses that know the terrain It also applies in general to having the right personnel for thejob In mission work the leaders of the new churches must come from among the converts as wesee in Acts 1423 The role of the missionaries is to develop those leaders as we see in Ephesians411-131048707 Mas sabe el Diablo por Viejo que por ser DiabloThe Devil knows more from being old than from being the DevilThis refrain stresses the Hispanics respect for age and experience And it echoes the New

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

Testamentrsquos emphasis on elders (older people) as leaders in the churchesYour mission work must reach out to older people not just children and young folks And as theolder folks are saved and discipled you must let their wisdom guide you in the spread of the Gospel in their culture1048707 Mucho ayuda el que no estorbaHe helps much who does not hinderMissionaries should take the physicians vow We will do no harm Sometimes the eagerness tohelp leads to a compulsive ldquobusy-nessrdquo that can obstruct the growth of the seed of the truth Muchof good mission work is just sowing the good news of salvation and then waiting for the Lord todo His wonderful work Very likely you can help the Lord accomplish what He wants to do Inany case do not get in His way1048707 Voy a comerme esta tuna aunque me espine la manoIrsquom going to eat this cactus-fruit even if it pricks my handMexicans use this saying to express their determination to carry out a difficult task This goal isworth dealing with the thorns This should be the attitude of any missionary If you start out withonly a vision of the beautiful fruit you hope to see at the end you will soon enough bump into thethorn pricks Then what Do you give up because of obstacles opposition and personal sufferingTo encourage you to carry on you should know that with the wisdom of experience tuna-eaterslearn to harvest the fruit with no thorn-pricks at all Mission work may not become that easy orefficient but you will learn to do it with less pain1048707 Bala que zumba no mataA bullet that hums does not killPerro que ladra no muerdeA dog that barks does not bite (or is not biting)These two sayings have the same application for missionaries in the midst of problems you cango on at least for a while Of course the comfort here is rather small if you can hear the hum ofthe bullet you know it didnrsquot hit you as long as the dog is barking at least he is not biting youyet But then again there may not be another shot and the dog may move on to other interestsMany threats remain only threats and threats cannot detain you unless you react in fear Andsome hums and barks that sound like threats may hold no danger for you at all1048707 Agua que no has de beber deacutejala correrWater that you are not to drink let it runThe general meaning of this is donrsquot meddle in what does not concern you do not start troubleThe missionary application is have a clear concept of your purpose and stick to it stay out ofperipheral matters This will help you avoid some of the humming bullets and the barking dogsThe primary missionary mandate is to make disciples of Jesus The missionary has authority totell the good news of how people can learn from the Lord and thus find forgiveness and new lifeThis authority does not extend to telling strangers how to run their homes and govern their townbefore they become disciples Even if you see many things wrong with their customs or their wayof life please leave them alone until the truth of the gospel can do its transforming workRemember that Jesus Himself did not try to correct all the wrongs in His world all at once Eventhen what He did cost Him His life1048707 No por mucho madrugar amanece mas tempranoNot by much early-rising does it dawn any earlierThe idea is this you canrsquot make the sun rise any earlier no matter how many times you get upbefore dawn Or you canrsquot force a natural event to happen before its timeMissionaries especially short term ones have a hard time accepting this truth We all want to seesome results from our labors preferably results of which we can take pictures before we go backhome Perhaps that is why it is often easier to get a volunteer group to put the roof on a buildingthan to get one to dig holes and pour a foundationSo we must be willing to sow the seed and wait for Godrsquos kingdom to grow just as Jesus said itwould in various parables He also had a saying about our part in the process ldquoOne sows and

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

another reapsrdquo (John 437) Even if we have the joy of reaping the harvest we must recognizethat ldquoothers have labored and you have entered into their laborrdquo (John 438)When we are tempted to try to make the day dawn sooner by getting up earlier we shouldremember Paulrsquos wise discernment You may plant and you may water but only God can give thegrowth (1Cor37)1048707 Al que Madruga Dios lo ayudaGod helps the early-riserBy combining this saying with the previous one you discover a very important truth formissionaries Patience does not justify laziness It is good to wait for God to do His work butwrong to wait for Him to do ours as wellWe may not be able to make the day start sooner but when it does start we should be ready tobegin doing whatever God wants us to do so that He can help us1048707 El prometer no empobreceTo promise does not impoverishMexicans may not be quite cynical but they are certainly realistic when they recognize that itcosts you nothing to promise anything So do not be surprised if your promises provoke onlypolite acceptance rather than wild rejoicingThe attitude behind this saying is a good reason why you should be very careful about what youpromise to people on the mission field Since they may not believe your promises they may alsowonder about everything else you tell themConsequently rather than talk about what you will do for these people tell them instead what theLord has already done for them and what He will do for them in response to their faith1048707 Lo prometido es deudaWhat is promised is a debtHere is a second reason why you should be very careful about what you promise People maybelieve you When they do then you are duty bound to honor the debt that yoursquove voluntarilycontracted by making your promiseDo you want the people on your mission field to remember you as a liar and a cheat Well ofcourse not Then donrsquot promise anything unless you are absolutely sure that you can fulfill thepromiseIn the midst of a mission trip your Christian compassion naturally responds to the observed needsWhen you remember the comparatively rich resources of your family and your church then thiscircumstantial combination of compassion visible needs and known resources can generate awide array of plans to remedy what you have seen Please try to keep these plans to yourself untilyou get back home and find out what your church is willing to do Then on that firm basis youcan help without causing doubt in advance or disappointment afterwards

1048707 Del dicho al hecho hay largo trechoFrom the said to the done therersquos a long way to run (From word to deed is along wayindeed)This rhyme expresses Mexicansrsquo experience with flowery plans that have led to scarce resultsThis saying does not deny or belittle the value of planning or of talking about what you want todo It just reminds us that after all the talking is finished you still have a lot of work to doMissionaries whether short term or life long spend a lot of time making plans Obviously this isboth very important and satisfying But you should not enjoy so much the excellence of your planthat you forget to do what the plan proposes to accomplishAfter a mission trip you should ask Did we really cover the distance from word to deed

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

1048707 Del plato a la boca se cae la sopaFrom the plate to the mouth the soup fallsWith this saying the Mexicans express the warning that things may not turn out as you expectThe food may look delicious and nutritious as you start it toward your mouth but some or all of itmay not arrive at least not until you try again Meanwhile you must deal with frustration andspotted clothingThis is a wise caution for missionaries who may assume that their good intentions and diligentlabor will just naturally (or perhaps super-naturally if they have prayed a lot) produce the desiredresults preferably with no need for repeated efforts But most Mexicans have learned that real lifeis seldom like that And so they remind you that you very well may not get to taste all the savorysoup of anticipated success that you dip up in the spoon of your missionary endeavors Then itwill be time to apply an old American saying If at first you donrsquot succeed try try again1048707 No se puede repicar la campana y andar en la procesioacutenYou cannot ring the bell and walk in the processionThis is so simple and so obvious that your reaction may be ldquoWell of course not And it isridiculous for anyone to think he can do both at the same timerdquo And thatrsquos exactly the pointMexicans illustrate the absurdity of el hombre ndash orquestra (the one man orchestra) with thisabsurd saying because they have seen people try to be up in the bell tower and down in theprocession all at onceMissionaries should learn to do well one thing at a time and leave the miracles to the LordMission groups may err in attempting to do too much in their one week of opportunity Thenneither does the bell ring clearly nor does the procession march straight Or some in the groupmay see mission work as a sort of spiritual decathlon competition requiring them to excel insimultaneous multiple ministriesRemember that Jesus would neither be a king nor go to see the king nor would He performmarvels on demand Instead He knew that His main job was ldquoto give His life as a ransom formanyrdquo and He stayed firmly on that courseAnd so every missionary who desires ldquothat the works of God might be made manifest in himrdquo(John 93) must define his mission according to his spiritual gift and the Lordrsquos call to use itThen he can be both effective and content as he says ldquothis one thing I dordquo (Phil313)

General Cultural Concepts of HispanicsFamilyHispanics close knit family male head of household make most of the decisions and children stay at home until married Elderly stay with their sons or daughters until death even though that is changingTimePunctuality is not very important Time is to be enjoyedPresent is most important future less important

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

ReligionMostly Catholics there are many kinds of CatholicsMusicMariachi trios romantic salsa Music is more emotional and pessimisticSelf WorthIndividual is more important Values more what he is than what he doesTalks about his person firstRespectHonor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedHonestyWhen they say my house is your house they mean itWhen they say come on over and visit us it is an honest invitationRelationshipsFriendship takes time to develop and once it is developed it will last a lifetimeEnjoys close contact with friendsPhilosophy of LifeFatalistic in nature what ever will be will be there is nothing you can do to change God has already pre-determined your life When Hispanics face tragedy they will say it is Godrsquos willMale superiorityHispanic male believe that he is superior to his wife and any other female Todemonstrate this he must be proud unquestionable uncompromising and domineering

Principles for Managing ConflictPeople from other culture or racial groups hold different cultural values and assumptions and use different rules to respond to situations Therefore in managing and avoiding conflicts in a crosscultural situation the following principles are important

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

1 The majority of the people in the world value relationships above most other valuesBuilding trust takes top priority Most Anglos try to build trust by showing themselvescompetent in completing tasks whereas others tend to build trust by spending timeincluding work time together Therefore make relationship building a high priority2 Most people do not separate the person from the personrsquos words or acts To criticize apersonrsquos idea is to criticize or demean the person Anglos often believe that commentsabout anotherrsquos words ideas or actions are not personal and should not strain therelationship3 When entering another cultural context we need to begin by observing asking nonjudgmental questions learning and seeking understanding We must avoid thinking ofcultural differences as ldquogoodrdquo or ldquobadrdquo So be a good listener and learner4 Be careful not to make evaluative or blame statements ldquowho-is-responsiblerdquo statements or comments that single out one person or group as the cause of the problem Anglos have a tendency to express themselves more directly They will need to learn to be more indirect and more skilled at interpreting people and ldquoreading between the linesrdquo Non Anglos may need to be a little more assertive when dealing with Anglos5 When in an ambiguous or conflict situation Anglos are advised to employ indirect less confrontational strategies Non Anglos need to realize that indirect strategies may beinterpreted as devious and even deceitful Being forthright likely will be better received6 The person who is getting to know a new culture will do well to build a good friendship with someone from the new culture and allow the person to be a cultural interpreter and bridge-builder

MEXICAN BORDER MISSIONS UNDERSTANDING MEXICAN CULTUREMexican Culture comes from many sources1 The prehistoric and pre-Columbian Indian cultures2 The influence of the Spanish conquest3 The Arabic element in Hispanic culture

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

4 The fusion of Roman Catholicism with Indian religionsMexican Culture has experienced important changes1 The Indians Spaniards and Mestizos had to learn to live together in the ColonialPeriod2 After Independence Mexicans had to seek out their own identity3 The French Invasion left the mark of the European influence4 The Revolution led to a mixture of cultural elements love for the Indian originsincorporation of French and American political ideas adoption of a Socialisteconomic model5 The American influence has been both negative and positive1048707 The loss of Texas in 18391048707 The Intervention of 1846-18481048707 The economic exploitation railroads mining petroleum1048707 The absorption of ldquooverflow populationrdquo1048707 The provision of educational opportunities1048707 The development of tourism6 The growth of Protestantism has altered Mexicorsquos concept of religionMexican Culture takes a special form in the border area1 Regionalism is a reality in Mexico the North is different from the South2 The border forges its own culture from both Mexican and American elementslanguage customs dress art forms celebrations3 This cultural interchange on the border offers special opportunities for the ChristianGospelMexican Culture includes some very important basic ideas1 The past shapes what we are now2 Human Values must supersede material interests3 The individualrsquos spiritual uniqueness must not be judged by his objective merits4 The interests of the family must supersede individual rights5 The women of the family should depend on the men who should reverence theirmothers supremely6 Death is an ever-present reality that must not be denied nor ignored7 Class distinctions should be recognized accepted and respected Titles are important8 Truth is manifold and variable so that ldquopersonal truthrdquo may be more important thanldquoobjective truthrdquo9 The way you speak may be more important than what you say10 Body language may communicate more forcefully than verbal language11 What happens is more important than when it happens the event supersedes the timeand personal relationships must supersede schedules12 The ldquomordidardquo is cultural not moral13 A relaxed life-style is wise than perfectionism

What to Know about Other Languages and CulturesJust for fun

Now that I am in MEXICO what do I do And what do I say Donrsquot these people

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

speak any English First watch and listen Respect the culture Be graceful This is someone elsersquos country so learn something NEWAS YOU SHOP or MINISTER SPEAK MORE CLEARLY AND SLOWLY Try not to use ldquocoolrdquo language contractions or usual ldquobody languagerdquo When dealing with the Lumber Yard or other merchants get specific facts and figureshellipyou are a good customer Donrsquot trust unclear messages And never assume people around you do not understand whatyou are saying You are a Christian witness not a critic PLAN to learn and to enjoy the culture and the people They will respond to your interest and congenialityCOGNATES words that sound the same as English but may have a very different meaning There are many of thesehellipSPANISH SOUNDS LIKE SPANISH MEANINGCulto cult worship serviceMolestar molest to be concernedRealizar to realize to accomplishPretender to pretend to try to do somethingSin sin withoutActual actual now the present timeUacuteltimamente ultimately latelyAsistir assist attendAtender attend to serve take care ofEquipo equip teamPipa pipe tank truckTubo tube pipeServicio service restroomAgenda agenda calendarRefrigerio refrigerate refreshmentsLonche lunch sandwichSalon saloon classroomNave knave auditorium chapelAuditorio auditorium hearingEacutexito exit successVoto vote vow pledgeNoticia notice newsAleluacuteyah Aleluyah Aleluyah

ASK GOD TO USE YOUR LIFE through ministry on whichever side of the Frontier you may find yourself Pray about Health Care Work Construction opportunities Evangelistic ministries VBS and Backyard Bible Schools in English andor Spanish Your life and work can have an ETERNAL IMPACT on the people on both sides of this BORDERThank you AND gracias FOR BEING A PART OF WHAT God is doing in this half of the World

HISPANIC CULTURAL CONCEPTS

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

GreetingsThe usual greeting is a nod or handshakeWhen entering a room full of people the person entering is expected to initiate the greeting with a buenos diacuteas (or buenas tardes) first which will then be answered with the sameOne shakes hands upon meeting and leaving and it is common practice to shake hands with everyone including childrenWomen often greet each other with a kiss on the cheekHispanics typically stand closer to each other while talking than Americans do sometimes even touching their friends clothingA polite greeting to policemen or customs officials is expected before asking them questionsDo not admire any possession too warmly or an Hispanic may feel obligated to give it to youWhen verbally admiring a child or baby to hisher parents be sure to touch the child in some way especially on the head In some areas it is considered a bad omen if a stranger admires a child without touching himher Hispanics are generally very friendly and polite often to the point of personal inconvenience Be careful not to impose on their friendliness

Food and Table MannersHispanics are very hospitable and will usually serve some food or beverage to visitors in their homesIn smaller towns or rural areas and especially along the border bottled water or carbonated drinks are more reliable than water from the tapIt is inconsiderate and rude to leave directly after a mealHot spicy food is called picante not caliente which refers only to temperatureWhen eating food that is picante bread rice or beans will help to relieve the burning sensation (not water)ConversationsSpanish speaking Hispanicrsquos usually appreciate a persons effort to speak Spanish no matter how broken the SpanishAvoid sensitive subjects such as drug dealings politics the Mexican-American War or illegal immigrantsGesturesMoving the hand left to right with the index finger extended palm outward means noThe thumbs up gesture is generally the same as in the United StatesA common way to beckon people is waving the fingers toward one as in the United States but with the palm down instead of up Another common way to beckon someone is with a psst-psst sound This sound is sometimes considered rude along the border area where American culture has had some influence but is perfectly acceptable farther down into interior MexicoIf someone sneezes the polite response is Salud (good health)DressShorts are not acceptable attire in public for anyone (male or female) except for when one is actively engaged in sports activities or swimming

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

Sleeveless shirts halter-tops and other articles of clothing that expose the skin too far above the elbows above the mid-calfrsquos or stomach are considered to be a mark of poor character in most areas and should be avoidedWhile it is acceptable in many areas for women to wear slacks it is still expected that they wear skirts or dresses to worship services even on Wednesday nightsAmerican males wearing earrings or ponytails are looked down upon by HispanicsGeneral Attitudes of the PeopleThe concept of time is much less precise than in the United States Individuals are far more important than schedules If a visitor stops in unexpectedly most Hispanics will stop to talk no matter how long it takes Be aware that any of a myriad of good reasons can make a Hispanic arrive late for an appointmentThe Hispanic people are generally very patriotic and proud of their country Often this attitude extends to Catholicism as wellThey always honor older persons The older you get the more you are respectedThey are a very hospitable people when they say ldquoMy house is your houserdquo they mean itWhen they invite you over for a visit they mean itHispanics are fatalistic in nature Whatever will be will behellipthere is nothing you can do to change it When they face tragedies they will say it is Godrsquos willFriendships may take time to develop but once it is established it will last a lifetime They enjoy close contact with friendsHispanic males believe they are superior to women even to his own wife He demonstrates this by being proud uncompromising and domineeringReligionMost Mexicans (97) profess Catholicism Indeed being Catholic is often synonymous in the minds of many with being Mexican The Catholic Church is very much a part of the culture attitudes and history of all Mexicans Catholicism in Mexico is somewhat different from the Catholicism one usually finds in the United States Much more emphasis is placed on saints and virgins (such as the Virgin of Guadalupe) and of course the Virgin MaryWhen witnessing to a Mexican or Hispanic Catholic respect but do not attack their religion or their beliefs Instead emphasize the love of God the Father and Jesus Christ Demonstrate interest in the individual through genuine love Let the Holy Spirit lead you in your witness If they are not ready to make a decision leave the door openThe term cristiano (Christian) by the way can refer to a Catholic or even just a civilized person If you want to know if a person has a personal relationship with Jesus Christ one should use the term creyente (believer)

The FamilyMexicans tend to have large families and family unity is very important A household often includes other relatives as well as the immediate family

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

Family responsibility often supersedes all other responsibilities including personal satisfaction or endeavorsThe father is the undisputed family leader but the mother is in charge of running the householdWhen approaching a family always speak to the father firstCommon-law marriages are common and any marriage by the State is depicted as such by the Roman Catholic ChurchSocial ConsiderationsIt is common for Mexican males to make piropos (personal flattering comments) to females especially on the street In most cases this is not considered to be rude It is extremely important however for the female not to react in any way to the piropo Smiling frowning or especially looking in the direction of the person making the piropo (even for the purpose of giving him a dirty look) will be interpreted as an invitation to go furtherA man alone should not expect to be invited into a home when the father or older son is not at home Should the invitation be extended he should decline politely A malefemale couple however can expect to be invited in freelyA girl or woman should not go out alone after dark this is considered to be a mark of poor character

Cultural Differences between Americans and HispanicsAmericans HispanicsIndependence InterdependenceCompetition CooperationDirect Communication Indirect CommunicationIndividual Orientation Group OrientationSelf-awareness Saving faceGroup-awarenessControl over destiny FatalisticNuclear Family Extended FamilyLive to Work Work to Live

SIMPLE AND HELPFUL WORDS AND PHRASESIN SPANISHhellip

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

1 iquestDoacutende estaacute el bantildeoWherersquos the bathroom2 Buenos diacuteashelliphellipGood morning (before lunch)3 Buenas tardeshelliphelliphelliphellipGood afternoon4 Buenas nocheshelliphelliphellipGood night (after dark)5 iquestCoacutemo estaacutesHow are you6 Bien graciashelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipFine thank you7 iquestY tuacutehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipAnd you8 Mucho gustohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipPleased to meet you9 Muchas graciashelliphelliphelliphellipThank you very much10 De nadahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipYoursquore welcome11 Por favorPlease12 Con permisoExcuse me13 Ayudame por favorHelp me please14 No seacuteI donrsquot know15 No entiendohellipI donrsquot understand16 iquestMe entiendeshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you understand me17 No hablo espantildeolhelliphelliphellipI donrsquot speak Spanish18 iquestHablas ingleshelliphelliphelliphellipDo you speak English19 iquestCoacutemo se dice ____ en How do you say ___ inespantildeol helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Spanish20 iquestCoacutemo de llama usted Whatrsquos your name21 Me llamo _______helliphelliphellipMy name is _________22 iquestQueacute hora eshellipWhat time is it23 iquestCuaacutento cuestahelliphelliphelliphellipHow much does it cost24 El desayunohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipBreakfast25 El almuerzo comidaLunch26 La cenaSupper27 AyerYesterday28 HoyToday29 MantildeanahellipTomorrow30 La BibliahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe Bible31 El versiacuteculohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipThe verse32 La iglesiaThe church33 Escuela Biacuteblica Vacation BibleVacacional School34 Escuela DominicalhellipSunday School35 CultohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipWorship service36 FolletohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipGospel tract

ESPANtildeOL ENGLISH37 Dios te bendigahelliphelliphelliphellipGod bless you38 Jesucristo es mi SalvadorJesus Christ is my Saviory mi Sentildeorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip and my Lord

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

39 Soacutelo Cristo salvaOnly Jesuacutes saves40 Cristo te amaJesuacutes loves you41 Yo te amoI love you42 Yo tengo (iquestTiene usted)I have (Do you have)--una relacioacuten personal --a personal relationshipcon Jesucristo with Jesus Christ--paz en mi (su) corazoacuten--peace in my (your) heart--vida eterna--eternal life--la vida abundante--the abundant life43 Soy cristiano (cristiana)I am a Christian (female)44 iquestEs usted cristiano (a)hellipAre you a Christian (fem)45 Catoacutelico (Catoacutelica)Catholic (female Catholic)46 El hombre es pecadorhelliphellipMan is a sinner47 La paga del pecado The wages of sines muerte is death48 Cristo pagoacute el precio Jesus paid the pricede nuestros pecados for our sins49 Cristo quiere perdonlarlehellipJesus wants to forgive you50 Si usted muriera hoy If you died today wouldiquestiriacutea al Cielo you go to heaven51 Yo iriacutea (ireacute) al Cielo porque I would (will) go to heavenCristo me salvoacute because Jesus saved me(me perdonoacute) (forgave me)52 iquestQuiere aceptar a Cristo Do you want to acceptcomo su Salvador Jesus as your Savior53 iquestPuedo orar por ustedhellipCan I pray for you54 iexclGloria a DiosPraise God55 Lo siento que no hablo Irsquom sorry I do not speakespantildeol bien Spanish well

GLOSSARY OF WITNESSING TERMS IN SPANISHAto accept ndash aceptaralive ndash vivo

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

BBaptist ndash bautistato believe ndash creera believer ndash un creyenteBible ndash la Bibliabrother ndash el hermanoCchurch ndash la iglesia el temploChristian ndash cristiano cristianacross ndash la cruzto crucify ndash crucificarDdeath ndash la muerteto deceive ndash engantildeardevil ndash el diablo satanaacutesto die ndash morirEeternal life ndash la vida eternaeternity ndash la eternidadto experience ndash experimentarFfaith ndash la feto forgive ndash perdonarforgiveness ndash el perdoacutenGto give ndash darGod ndash Diosgood news ndash las buenas noticiasgospel ndash evangeliogrowth ndash el crecimientoHheaven ndash el cieloheart ndash el corazoacutenholy ndash santoHoly Spirit ndash el Espiacuteritu Santohope ndash la esperanzahymn ndash el himnoJJesus ndash Jesuacutesjoy ndash el gozoKto kill ndash matarto know (a think idea) ndash saberto know (a person) ndash conocer aLto live ndash vivirlife ndash la vidaLord ndash Sentildeorlove ndash el amorto love ndash amarM

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

meeting ndash reunioacutenNnew life ndash la vida nuevaOobedience ndash la obedenciato obey ndash obedecerPpeace ndash la pazto pray ndash orarprayer ndash la oracioacutenpromise ndash la promesato promise ndash prometerRresurrection ndash la resurreccioacutenrevival ndash el avivamiento la campantildeaSsalvation ndash la salvacioacutento save ndash salvarsaved ndash salvoto share ndash compartirsin ndash el pecadoto sin ndash pecarsinner ndash el pecador la pecadorasister ndash la hermanasoul ndash el almaspiritual ndash espiritualTthank you ndash graciastrust ndash la confianzato trust ndash confiarWto witness ndash testificarwitness ndash el testigoworld ndash el mundo

BASIC SPANISH PRONUNCIATION TIPS

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

1 Pronunciation of Spanish words requires a more emphatic movement of tongue and lips than does the pronunciation of English words Each syllable is distinctly pronounced with much less slurring than in English

2 The Spanish alphabet contains the same letters as the English alphabet plus four others ch ll n rr (All considered one letter)3 The Spanish vowels are a e i o u a As in father e As the sound between late and met i As in keep o As in note u As in soon Note a e o are strong vowels i u are weak vowels a Each strong vowel makes a separate syllable Therefore if two strong vowels occur together in a word two syllables are formed Ex pa-se-o le- oacuten b The weak vowels are I and u When a strong vowel is followed or preceded by an unstressed weak vowel they form one syllable This combination is called a diphthong Ex cuento c A stressed weak vowel forms a separate syllable regardless of an adjacent strong vowel An accent mark is used in welting to indicate such stressed weak vowels Ex pa-is mi-o4 The consonants are pronounced the same in English except for the following differences c has the k sound Ex case clase acto except when it comes before e or I then it has an s sound Ex cena cinco ch as in church Ex chico chulo d as the d in English Ex dia donde except when it falls between two vowel sounds when it sounds like a hard th Ex adondi (athondeh) ensalada (ensalatha) g before a o u or consonant has the sound of English hard g but not as sharp ex grupo globo before e or I it is like a strong English h Ex gente gigante In combinations gue andgui (pronounced -gay-and -gee with a hard g sound the u is silent unless two dots are placed over the u in which case the gu before e and I is pronounced like gweh or gwee Ex sigue linguistica h is always silent Ex hondo hecho j before any vowel has the same sound a Spanish g before e or I Ex jefe jugo ll as in young Ex lleno calle ntilde has a nasal tone as ny in canyon Ex antildeo sentildeorita rr is never found at the beginning of a word It is strongly trilled Ex carro arriba y used alone or at the end of a word has the same sound as the Spanish I (long e sound) Ex y muy voy z Always has an s sound Ex zapato zona

5 Syllables A Spanish syllable begins with consonant When two consonants occur together the division is usually made between them

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

Note ch rr ll are not divided nor are the combinations of a consonant and l or r (clflglplcrdrfrgrtrpr)Ex case ca-sa entrada en-tra-da completo com-ple-to calle ca-lle combinacion com-bi-na-cioacuten sentildeora se- ntildeo-ra

s + consonant cannot begin a syllable in Spanish Whenever s is followed by a consonant the s is part of the preceding syllable Ex ins-tan-te cons-truc-cion

diphthongs and triphthongs (a combination of one strong vowel between two weak vowels) for the same syllable Ex ai-re tiem-po

6 Stress In words ending in an unaccented vowel no or s the stress falls on the next-to-the last syllable Ex mesa joven manzanas

In words ending in a consonant other than n or s the stress falls on the last syllable Ex amistad papel amar

In any exception to the above a written accent is used Ex alliacute laacutepiz maacutemol leccioacuten intereacutes teleacutegrafo

In diphthongs and triphthongs the strong vowels (a e o) are normally stressed If a diphthong is formed of the two weak vowels (I u ) the stress normally falls on the second Ex viaje neuvo baile seis viuda cuango siete

ALPHABET - ALFABETO

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATIONa ah As in fatherb be(beta) As in bedc ce(seh) As in saidch che(cheh) As in churchd de(deh) As in decke eh As in deckf efe (eh-feh) As in fewg he(heh) As in headh ache(ah-cheh) (Silent)I ee As in keyj hota The English ldquohrdquo sound

as in ha hak ka(kah) As in kilol ele(eh-leh) As in la-lall elle(eh-yeh) As in yesm eme (eh-meh) As in maman ene (eh-neh) As in bandn ene (en-yeh) As in canyono o As in lowp pe(peh) As in peckq COO As in coopr ere(ette) As the tt in butterrr erre (No equivalent in

English)s ese (eh-seh) As in seet te (teh) As in toeu ooh As in rudev ve(vein) As in vendorw doble u (doh-bleh ooh) as in sandwichx ekkis(eacuteh-kees) As in axley I griega (ee gree-eh-gal as in yawnz zeta (seh-tah) As in Saturday

NUMBERS - NUMEROS

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

A Cardinal numbers (Numeros cardinales)one uno Thirty treintatwo dos Forty cuarentathree tres Fifty cincuentafour cuatro sixty sesentafive cinco Seventy setentasix seis Eighty ochentaseven siete Ninety noventaeight ocho One hundred ciencientonine nueve two hundred doscientosten diez Three hundred trescientoseleven once Four hundred cuatrocientostwelve doce Five hundred cincocientosthirteen trece one thousand milfourteen catorce two thousand dos milfifteen quince one million un millonsixteen diez y seisseventeen diez y sieteeighteen diez y ochonineteen diez y nuevetwenty veinte

B Ordinal numbers ( Numeros ordinales)first primero sixth sextosecond segundo seventh septimothird tercero eighth octavofourth cuarto ninth novenofifth quinto tenth decimo

NOUNS - SUSTANTIVOS

boy Muchachosmall boy Nintildeogirl Muchacha

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

small girl Ninaman Hombrewoman Mujereyes Ojosmouth Bocanose Narizhead Cabezaface Carahair Cabello (of the head) pelo (body hair)arm Brazohand Manoear Orejaeyebrows Cejachin Barbacheek Mejillateeth Dientesmolar Muelagood Buenomoney Dinerovillage Villa aldeadoor Puertalove Amorwindow Ventanafloor Piso suelotable Mesachair Sillaquestions Preguntaspuppet Titerecamp Campamentoyoung Jovenyouth Joacutevenes (people) juventud (time of

life)song Canto coritogames Juegoscrayon Laacutepiz de colorpencil Laacutepizpaper Papelscissors Tijerasglue Pegadura resistolstory Historia cuento

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

quiet Silenciocow Vacadonkey Burrodog Perrocat Gatorock Piedracar Carroflower Flordress Vestidoroom Cuartolamp Laacutemparashoe Zapatohouse Casabed Camatree aacuterbolsky heaven Cieloroad the way El caminothe Bible La Bibliamemory verse Versiculo de memoriaGod DiosJesus Jesus( use Jesucristo)Christ CristoHoly Spirit Espiritu Santochurch Iglesiachurch building Templocross La cruzhymn Himnopage Paacuteginaoffering Ofrendaaltar AltarBible study Estudio biblicopastor Pastorchoir CoroSunday School Escuela dominicalservice (church) Cultoprayer Oracioacutenkitchen Cocinastove Estufaicebox Neveracabinet Gabinete

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

dishes Platosspoon Cucharafood Comidasalt Salpepper Pimientasugar Azuacutecarice Hieloplate Platocup Tazaknife Cuchillofork Tenedorcook Cocinera (person) cocinar (verb)snowcones Raspascookies Galletasnapkins Servillertas

VERBS - VERBOS

I come Yo vengoI run Yo corro

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

I eat Yo comoI donrsquot understand No entiendoto visit VisitarI am hungry Tengo hambreI am thirsty Tengo sedI am sleepy Tengo suentildeohe or she eats El o ella comehe or she runs El o ella correhe or she plays El o ella juegahe or she plays (instrument) El o ell tocahe or she drinks El o ella tomehe or she follows El o ella siguehe or she sleeps El o ella duermehe or she studies El o ella estudiahe or she speaks El o ella hablahe or she sees El o ella mirehe or she reads El o ella leehe or she feels El o ella sientehe or she came El o ella vinohe or she studied El o ella estudioacuteto learn Aprenderto print Escribir con letra de molde

GREETINGS - SALUDOSwelcome Bienvenidogood morning Buenos diasgood afternoon Buenas tardesGood night Good evening Buenas nochesGood-bye AdioacutesGod bless you Que Dios le bendiga

SENTENCES - ORACIONES

Stand up Pongase de piesit down Sieacutentese

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

sing CantenDo you understand iquestComprende ustedMake it HaacutegaloJesus (Christ) loves you Cristo le amaI love you Le amoDonrsquot hurry No se apresureIt is hot Hace calorIt is sunny Estaacute haciendo solit is cold Hace frioIt is raining Estaacute lloviendoGod is love Dios es amorPut it here Pongalo aquiWhat do you want to play iquestQueacute quiere JugarDo you need help iquestNecesita ayudaIt is time to clean up Es Tiempo de hacer limpiezaCome here Venga aquiIt is your turn Le toca a ustedShare them CompaacutertalosWhat happened iquestQueacute pasoWhat is your name iquestComa se llamaHow old are you iquestQueacute edad tieneWhere do you live iquestDonde viveMy name is Me llamoPaste it here Peacuteguelo aquiRead it LeacutealoI want you to read this please Deseo que lea esto por favorLearn your memory verse Aprenda su versiculo de memoriaLet me show you how to do it Deacutejeme ensentildearle como hacerloPrint your name here Escriba su nombre aquiPlease speak slower Favor de hablar maacutes despacioHold hands Cojanse de manosLetrsquos play this game Vamos a Jugar este juegoLetrsquos sing Vamos a cantarSmile Jesus Christ Loves you Sonria Cristo le amaLetrsquos form a circle Formemos un circuloYou are handsome Usted es guapoYou are pretty Usted es bonitaThank you GraciasYou are welcome De nadaPlease Por favor

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

All of you listen Todos escuchenI am ready Estoy listo

Translating Your Testimony1 Write out your testimony No matter how comfortable you are with public speaking you should write

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

out your testimony If you can deliver your testimony without referring to the notes great But if youget distracted by the translator or a commotion in the congregation yoursquoll wish you had notes to getback on track2 Keep your comments brief Unless you are the primary speaker a 3-minute testimony is adequateWith a translator the message will take 5 minutes to deliver If you are the main speaker plan for 20minutes or less With the interpreter this will run 30 to 40 minutes3 Open with a greeting in the peoplersquos language Even if your accent is terrible the people willappreciate your effort to communicate in their language4 Tell what Christ has done for you personally How were you convinced of your need of a SaviorHow has your life changed since Christ came in How has Christ helped you recently QuoteScripture references if possible but make sure they are appropriate Donrsquot just tack on a Bible verseWhen speaking of the plan of salvation make sure the steps are clear and easy to understand Donrsquotrely on an interpreter to clear up a muddy presentation Some interpreters are not Christians5 Avoid going into detail about sins in the past Emphasize the redemptive work in your life6 Avoid slang or idioms Think about what you are saying What do your words meanliterally How would ldquoa ball park figurerdquo or ldquohis face fellrdquo or some current slang termtranslate7 Avoid long sentences8 Avoid Christian clicheacutes such as ldquosoul-saving stationrdquo9 Avoid references to small geographical areas in the US Your audiencersquos knowledge ofUS geography will probably be limited10 Avoid stressing your material success Some in the congregation may put in 14 hours of hardmanual labor each day and still not have a change of shoes11 Avoid speaking of the sacrifice you made to get there12 Avoid using acronyms acrostics alliteration jokes and poetry They simply do not translateas you think Donrsquot quote from songs In some languages the lyrics of familiar hymns havebeen rewritten to fit the music meter13 If possible before arriving have your testimony translated and copied for distribution

TIPS FOR PERSONAL EVANGELISM ON THE BORDER1048707 Show a genuine interest in the person whether they care about God or the church

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

1048707 Avoid talking about religion or denominations but emphasize ldquorelationshiprdquo1048707 Avoid preaching to them or telling them how they should live1048707 Look for a common point of interest sports quilting fishing etc1048707 Be ready to give an answer concerning the spiritual life you have Sooner or later you will be asked ldquoWhy Why are you here Why are you different1048707 Avoid pointing to yourself as a hero Point to Christ as your helper1048707 Emphasize your desire to share what Christ has given you1048707 If the person mentions a personal or family problem offer to stop and pray with the person about the need1048707 Before you leave assure those to whom you witnessed that you will keep them in yourprayers1048707 Keep in touch with the people after you go home

HEALTH SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPS GOING TO THE BORDER

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO WATCH OUT FOR

HEAT ILLNESSMany of the areas we work in are quite hot during the summer Daytime temperatures can reach 110-120 degrees Working outdoors in such heat exposes participants to heat prostration The symptoms are muscle and abdominal cramps dizziness nausea and eventual collapse Anyone showing such symptoms should be placed in the shade and given copious fluids to drink Rest and fluids will speed recovery except in severe cases when the individual must be taken to a medical facility Best of all however is prevention Measures to take are1 Acclimatize yourself If you are not used to working outside in the heat gradually condition yourself before the trip by working or walking outside2 While working have available plenty of liquids to drink (water Kool-aid sodas) Drink frequently (Heat illness is basically a fluid deficiency) There is no need to take extra salt3 Wear a hat when working in the hot sun4 Practice the Mexican habit of taking a break during the middle of the day or at least work inside or in the shadeDIARRHEA AND VOMITINGProbably the most common health problem faced by workers on the border is that of gastrointestinal illnessDiarrhea and vomiting are caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria The chance of meeting up with one which you are not immune to is greater in a strange environment All of these infectious agents have one thing in common they enter the body through the mouth usually in contaminated food or water

Prevention Group leaders should make sure there will be an ample supply of pure water for drinking Acquire water from a treated source when possible Do not drink stream or well water of unknown quality It would be wise to have with you some water

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

purification tablets for an emergency or when you must use water of uncertain quality Water purification tablets can be obtained from pharmacies and camping supply storesFollow directions on the container Particularly with large groups food preservation and preparation are important Good refrigeration and proper preparation techniques are needed In a makeshift situation the most important preventive measure is that of washing the hands before preparing food Hot cooked foods prepared by the residents of the villages are generally safeTreatment In mild and early cases the sick person should restrict himself to clear liquids such as Gatorade tea sodas water and soups At first omit other foods As one recovers he may add starches such as bread cereal rice potatoes and finally a full diet For several days avoid greasy and spicy foods If vomiting persists for more than twelve hours seek medical help Diarrhea without vomiting while bothersome is lessdangerous Treat initially as above and gradually re-introduce food You may take Donegel Kaopectate or Parapectolin as directed on the label Persistent diarrhea (more than 4-5 days) is an indication to see your physicianALLERGIESMost of the areas along the river are dry and dusty and well contaminated with pollens These conditions tend to aggravate allergies People with allergies should take along their allergy medicineIMMUNIZATIONSNo special shots are required to work along the border However all workers should make sure that their routine immunizations for polio tetanus and diphtheria are up to dateRABIESRabies is commonly present in animals particularly stray dogs in the border areas Avoid contact with all dogs and wild animals If bitten try to catch and contain the animal and if on the US side report to the local county animal control agentSUNBURNIn West Texas and Mexico the sun is hot There are few clouds to filter out the rays Protect yourself from the sun by wearing hats and if you are sensitive to the sun long sleeves You may want to use a sunscreen lotion Buy a brand that contains Para-amino-benzoic-acid (PABA) Follow directionsINJURIESSooner or later someone will have a minor injury For muscle bruises and sprains practice the ICEtreatment I = ice Apply ice wrapped in a towel to the injury C = compression Wrap the injured part with acompression bandage Have two or three of different sizes in your first aid kit E = elevation Elevate theinjured part After 24 hours begin to gently exercise the injured part and bear weight as possible Severe painor swelling are indications to seek medical help

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING

FIRST AID KITAll groups should include in their supplies a well-equipped first aid kit Keep it out in the open and take it with you to the jobs particularly construction projects

OUR MOTTO A HEALTHY TRIP IS A HAPPY TRIP

IN CLOSING

Please feel free to call Jim Barnhart to discuss any questions or concerns at 573-471-1331 or 573-380-1991 (cell)

• MEXICO
• Telephone Numbers
• • Reuben amp Beverly cell ndash 573-380-0795
  • • PREPARATION AND TRAINING
    • • COST
      • IN CLOSING