mis james a. o'brian chap 06

8/4/2019 MIS James A. O'Brian Chap 06

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6 - 1Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Telecommunications

And Networks

Chapter

6


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1. Identify several major developments andtrends in the industries, technologiesand business applications of

telecommunications and Internettechnologies.

2. Provide examples of the business valueof Internet, intranet, and extranetapplications.

Learning Objectives


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Learning Objectives

3. Identify the basic components, functions,and types of telecommunicationsnetworks used in business.

4. Explain the functions of major types oftelecommunications network hardware,

software, media, and services.


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Why Study Networking?

When computers are networked, twoindustries computing andcommunications converge, and the

result is vastly more than the sum of theparts.

Suddenly, computing applications becomeavailable for business-to-businesscoordination and commerce, and for smallas well as large organizations.


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Telecommunications

Definition: The exchange of information in any form

(voice, data, text, images, audio, video)

over networks


7/676 - 7Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Trends in Telecommunications



Open Systems

Definition: Information systems that use common

standards for hardware, software,

applications, and networking



Connectivity

Definition: The ability of networked computers and

other devices to easily access and

communicate with each other and shareinformation



Interoperability

Definition: The ability of an open system to enable

the many different applications of end

users to be accomplished using thedifferent varieties of computer systems,software packages, and databasesprovided by a variety of interconnectednetworks



Digital Network Technologies

Definition: Digital transmission technologies that transmit

information in the form of discrete pulses

Benefits:

Higher transmission speeds

Movement of larger amounts of information

Greater economy

Lower error rates



Business Value of Telecommunications



Internet

Definition: A network made up of millions of smaller

private networks each with the ability to

operate independent of, or in harmonywith, all the other millions of networksconnected to the Internet



Internet



Internet Applications



Business Use of the Internet



Business Value of the Internet



Intranet

Definition:A network inside an organization that usesInternet technologies to provide an

Internet-like environment within theenterprise for information sharing,communications, collaboration, and thesupport of business processes



Business Value of Intranets

Communications and Collaboration includesemail, voicemail, paging, faxes, and groupware

Web Publishing easy, attractive and low-cost

way of publishing and accessing multimediabusiness information

Business Operations and Management

platform for developing and deploying criticalbusiness applications to support businessoperations and managerial decision makingacross the inter-networked enterprise



Business Value of Intranets


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Extranet

Definition: Network links that use Internet

technologies to interconnect the intranet

of a business with the intranets of itscustomers, suppliers, or other businesspartners


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Business Value of Extranets


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Intranets & Extranets


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Telecommunications Network Components

Terminals any input/output device that usestelecommunications networks to transmit or receive data

Telecommunications Processors devices that performcontrol and support functions

Telecommunications Channels media over which dataare transmitted and received

Computers all sizes and types

Telecommunications Control Software programs thatcontrol telecommunications activities


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Telecommunications Network Components


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Types of Telecommunications Networks

Wide Area Network (WAN) network thatcovers a large geographic area

Local Area Network (LAN) network connectinginformation processing devices within a limited

physical area

Virtual Private Network (VPN) secure networkthat uses the Internet as its main backbone

network, but relies on network firewalls,encryption, and other security features of itsInternet and intranet connections and those ofparticipating organizations


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LAN & VPN


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Types of Telecommunications Networks

Client/Server PCs and workstations, calledclients are interconnected by local areanetworks and share application processing withnetwork servers

Network Computing Thin clients provide abrowser-based user interface for processingsmall application programs

Peer-to-Peer file-sharing software connectseach PC to a central server or to another onlineusers PC


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Client/Server


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Client/Server & Network Computing


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Peer-to-Peer


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Peer-to-Peer


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Telecommunications Media

Twisted-Pair Wire copper wire twistedinto pairs

Coaxial Cable sturdy copper oraluminum wire wrapped with spacers toinsulate and protect it

Fiber Optics one or more hair-thinfilaments of glass fiber wrapped in aprotective jacket


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Telecommunications Media


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Wireless Technologies

Terrestrial Microwave earthboundmicrowave systems that transmit high-speed radio signals in a line-of-sight pathbetween relay stations spacedapproximately 30 miles apart

Communications Satellites - high-earthorbit communications satellites placed instationary geosynchronous orbits


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Wireless Technologies

Cellular and PCS Systems a geographic areadivided into cells with one low-power transmitterdevice per cell used to relay calls from one cellto another

Wireless LANshigh- or low-frequency radiotechnology installed in an office or building

Wireless Web wireless, Web-enabledinformation appliances accessing the Internet,intranets and extranets


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Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)


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Telecommunications Processors

Modems convert digital signals from acomputer into analog frequencies that canbe transmitted over ordinary telephonelines

Multiplexers allows a single

communications channel to carrysimultaneous data transmissions frommany terminals


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Modem


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Telecommunications Technologies


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Internetwork Processors

Switch makes connections betweentelecommunications circuits in a network

Router intelligent communications processorthat interconnects networks based on different

protocols

Hub a port switching communicationsprocessor

Gateway connects networks using differentcommunications architectures


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Communications Processors


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Network Processors


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Network Management

Traffic Management manage networkresources and traffic to avoid congestionand optimize telecommunications servicelevels to users

Security provide authentication,

encryption, firewall, auditing andenforcement


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Network Management

Network Monitoring troubleshoot andwatch over the network, informing networkadministrators of potential problemsbefore they occur

Capacity Planning survey networkresources and traffic patterns and users

needs to determine how best toaccommodate the needs of the networkas it grows and changes


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Network Topologies

Star ties end user computers to acentral computer

Ring ties local computer processorstogether in a ring on a relatively equalbasis

Bus local processors share the samecommunications channel


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Network Topologies


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Network Topologies


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Network Architectures & Protocols

Protocol standard set of rules and proceduresfor the control of communications in a network

Network Architecture the use of standard

protocols, standard communications hardwareand software interfaces and the design of astandard multilevel interface between end usersand computer systems with the goal ofpromoting an open, simple, flexible, and efficienttelecommunications environment

OSI TCP/IP M d l


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OSI & TCP/IP Models

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) -model is a seven-layer model that servesas a standard model for networkarchitectures

Transmission Control Protocol / InternetProtocol (TCP/IP) is a five layertelecommunications protocol used by theInternet

OSI & TCP/IP M d l


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OSI & TCP/IP Models

IP Add


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IP Address

B d idth


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Bandwidth

Definition: Classification of communications speed

and capacity of telecommunications

networks

Transmission Rates:

Narrow-band low-speed Broadband high-speed

T i i S d


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Transmission Speeds

S it hi Alt ti


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Switching Alternatives

Circuit Switching a switch opens acircuit to establish a link between a senderand receiver; it remains open until thecommunication session is completed

Message Switching a message istransmitted a block at a time from oneswitching device to another

S it hi Alt ti


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Switching Alternatives

Packet Switching messages are dividedinto fixed or variable length packets, andpackets are sent across networks

Cell Switching breaks voice, video andother data into fixed cells of 53 bytes androutes them to their next destination in thenetwork

C #3 Wi Fi N t k


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Case #3: Wi-Fi Networks

Benefits: Superfast

Lower cost

C #3 Wi Fi N t k


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Challenges: Hit-or-miss hotspots

Lost productivity due to disruptions

Must create billing systems Must establish technical standards

Must develop tighter security measures

Case #3 Wi Fi Net orks


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1. What are the business benefits of Wi-Finetworks?

2. What are some of the problems faced by

companies who are using Wi-Fi networks?What are some solutions to those problems?

3. What are some other business uses for Wi-Finetworks not mentioned in this case? Whatare their business benefits and challenges?

Case #4: Voice Over IP


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Services: Combine email with voicemail

Audio-conferencing

Collaboration technologies Video



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Benefits: Install one line to carry voice and data

Reduced staff training

Improved productivity



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1. What are the main benefits that can be gainedby companies that switch to VoIP systems?

2. What are some of the major cost factors that

may limit a positive rate of return frominvestments in VoIP projects?

3. Should more companies switch to VoIPsystems? Visit the websites of Avaya andCisco Systems to view their VoIP news,products, and services to help you answer.

Summary


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Summary

Organizations are becoming networkedenterprises that use the Internet, intranets, andother telecommunications networks to supportbusiness operations and collaboration within the

enterprise, and with their customers, suppliers,and other business partners.

Telecommunications technology is movingtoward open, inter-networked digital networksfor voice, data, video and multimedia.

Summary


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Summary

Open systems with unrestricted connectivity

using Internet technologies are the primarytelecommunications technology drivers in e-business systems.

Companies are deriving strategic businessvalue from the Internet, which enables them todisseminate information globally, communicateand trade interactively with customizedinformation and services for individualcustomers, and foster collaboration of peopleand integration of business processes within theenterprise and with business partners.

Summary


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Summary

Businesses are installing and extendingintranets throughout their organizations to:

Improve communications and collaborationamong individuals and teams within the

enterprise

Publish and share valuable businessinformation easily, inexpensively, and

effectively via enterprise information portals Develop and deploy critical applications to

support business operations and decisionmaking

Summary


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Summary

The primary role of extranets is to link theintranet resources of a company to the intranetsof its customers, suppliers, and other businesspartners.

The major generic components of anytelecommunications network are: Terminals

Telecommunications processors Communications channels

Computers

Telecommunications software


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End of Chapter

Chapter

6

mis james a. o'brian chap 06

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