Mineral Properties

How Minerals

Form

Identifying Minerals

Uses of Minerals Mining

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Question 1 - 10

• What is a Mineral?

Answer 1 – 10

•a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition

Question 1 - 20

• When a mineral is said to be naturally occurring, what does that mean? Give an example of something that is NOT naturally occuring.

Answer 1 – 20

•Must occur in the natural world…ex: brick, steel, plastic, glass

Question 1 - 30

• What is inorganic? Give an example of something that is organic that can be confused with a mineral.

Answer 1 – 30

• The mineral cannot form from materials that were once part of a living thing. (Living things are said to be organic)• Ex: Coal and Amber are

ORGANIC

Question 1 - 40

• the repeating pattern of a mineral’s particles forms a solid is called:

Answer 1 – 40

•Crystal structure

Question 1 - 50

•What does it mean when almost all minerals are compounds? •What are 3 pure minerals?

Answer 1 – 50

•hey are made up of more than one chemical.•Gold, silver, copper

Question 2 - 10

• What is the difference between magma and lava?

Answer 2 – 10

Magma- molten material from inside the earth that hardens to form rock.Lava- is magma that reaches the surface.

Question 2 - 20

How do minerals form from magma and lava?

Answer 2 – 20

Minerals form as hot magma and lava cools inside the earth, or as lava hardens on the surface. When they cool, they form crystals (minerals).

Question 2 - 30

• How do large and small crystals form?

Answer 2 – 30

•Magma deep below cools slowly and forms large crystals•Magma or lava close to the surface cools quicker forming small crystals

Question 2 - 40

• How are minerals formed by evaporation?

Answer 2 – 40

When water evaporates from a solution it leaves behind the dissolved crystals (minerals).

Question 2 - 50

How can minerals be formed from hot water solutions?

Answer 2 – 50

Sometimes magma deep underground can get water very hot causing elements to dissolve. When the solution cools it causes the elements to leave the solution and crystalize.

Question 3 - 10

• _________________ is the color of its powder. To obtain this, rub the mineral against an unglazed porcelain tile.

Answer 3 – 10

• streak

Question 3 - 20

• Metallic, glassy, submetallic, dull, silky, and earthy all describe what?

Answer 3 – 20

• Luster: the way the light reflects off the minerals surface

Question 3 - 30

• Talc is a 1 and diamond is a 10. A diamond can scratch Talc. This describes what and states what?

Answer 3 – 30

•Moh’s Hardness Scale, A mineral can scratch any mineral softer than itself. (But not any mineral harder)

Question 3 - 40

–How a mineral breaks apart is called:

Answer 3 – 40

• Cleavage and fracture

Question 3 - 50

• List 4 special properties minerals can have.

Answer 3 – 50 Fluorescence- Glows in UV lightMagnetism- Attracts ferromagnetic

materialsAcid Test- reacts chemicallyOptical Properties- bends lightRadioactivity- produces its own energyElectrical properties- conducts electricity

Question 4 - 10

• Name 3 ways minerals can be used as resources.

Answer 4 – 10

• gemstones, metals, and other uses

Question 4 - 20

• What is hard and colorful and can have a brilliant or glassy luster?

Answer 4 – 20

• gemstones

Question 4 - 30

• How can metals be useful? What is an example?

Answer 4 – 30

• Metals such as aluminum, iron, copper, and silver are useful because they can be flattened, hammered, and molded.

• Examples of minerals are filaments for old light bulbs, aluminum foil, steel beams, tools, and machines.

Question 4 - 40

•What are some other uses of minerals?

Answer 4 – 40

• foods, medicines, fertilizer, building materials, microscopes, cement, and glass

Question 4 - 50

• What is a vein? What type of metal do we typically get from a vein?

Answer 4 – 50

• a narrow channel or slab of mineral that is different from the surrounding rock. • Gold and silver

Question 5 - 10

• A rock that contains metal or other useful minerals that can be mined and sold for profit is called

Answer 5 – 10

• ore

Question 5 - 20

• earthmoving equipment scrapes away soil topsoil to expose ore underneath uses what mining?

Answer 5 – 20

• Strip mining

Question 5 - 30

• In open pit mining miners do what?

Answer 5 – 30

• use huge diggers to dig massive pits to remove the ore.

Question 5 - 40

•When minerals occur in veins, miners must use what type of mining to remove the ore?

Answer 5 – 40

• Shaft mining

Question 5 - 50

• Which type of mining has the most negative impact and give examples why.

Answer 5 – 50

• Strip mining• Kills vegetation • Destroys habitats• Pollution (air/water)• Erosion- surface is unstable