mile end road, south shieldsplanning.southtyneside.info/mvm.dms/planning application/745000... ·...

Prospect Archaeology Ltd, Prospect House, Garden Lane, Sherburn-in-Elmet, Leeds, North Yorkshire LS25 6AT.

Tel 01977 681885. Email [email protected]. www.prospectarc.com

Limited company registered in England 07130161

Mile End Road, South Shields Desk-Based Heritage Assessment

Client: Muse Developments

Local Planning Authority: South Tyneside Council

Planning Reference: TBC

NGR: NZ 363 673

Date of Report: October 2016

Author: Nansi Rosenberg

Report No.: MUS06-01

01977 681885 [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.prospectarc.com/

Muse Developments Mile End Road, South Shields Desk-Based Heritage Assessment

F:\MUS06 Mile End Rd, South Shields\DBA\Reports\Mile End Road South Shields DBA rev1.docx 2

CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................... 2

LIST OF PLATES................................................................................................................................................. 3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 4

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 5

2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 5

3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 5

4.0 STATUTORY AND PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT .................................................................................... 5

5.0 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA .............................................................. 7

6.0 BASELINE CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................................ 9

7.0 ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 18

8.0 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................... 18

9.0 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 19

10.0 FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................ 21

11.0 PLATES .............................................................................................................................................. 31

APPENDIX 1: HER DATA ................................................................................................................................. 35

Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of reporting and appropriateness of

recommendations. This report is based on information available at the time of writing, from the

sources cited. It does not preclude the potential for future discoveries to be made, or for other

unidentified sources of information to exist that alter the potential for archaeological impact. Any

opinions expressed within this document reflect the honest opinion of Prospect Archaeology.

However, the final decision on the need for further work rests with the relevant planning authority.

© Prospect Archaeology 2016



LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Site location .................................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 2: Site location & known Heritage Assets ............................................................................................ 23

Figure 3: South Shields Tithe Map 1827 ......................................................................................................... 24

Figure 4: Extract from 1841 Plan of the Township of Westoe ......................................................................... 24

Figure 5: Ordnance Survey 1858-81 ............................................................................................................... 25


Figure 7: Ordnance Survey 1915 .................................................................................................................... 27

Figure 8: Ordnance Survey 1956 .................................................................................................................... 28


Figure 10: Ordnance Survey 1986 .................................................................................................................. 30

LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: The Queen's Theatre in 1913 when it first opened

(http://www.miketodd.net/tree/archives/queens/index.htm) ............................................................ 14

Plate 2: The Queen's Theatre after the fire caused by German bombing in 1941

(http://www.miketodd.net/tree/archives/queens/index.htm) ............................................................ 15

Plate 3: Image of the Mile End Road multi-storey car park in the 1980s

(http://www.southtynesidehistory.co.uk/archive/transport/transport-0/627516) .............................. 16

Plate 4: Looking south with Mile End Road to the left and the Site to the right. The Edinburgh Building, a

locally listed building, is visible on the right .......................................................................................... 32

Plate 5: View across the Site towards the northeast ...................................................................................... 32

Plate 6: From the corner of Mile End Road / Stanhope Street looking northwest towards the subway station

.............................................................................................................................................................. 33

Plate 7: Looking west towards the subway line with the Edinburgh Building visible to the left ..................... 33



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A planning application is being made for A2 (financial and professional services) and B1(a) (office) uses

on the site of the Mile End Car Park. This assessment has considered the archaeological and historical

development of the Site and the potential impacts the proposed development could have on cultural

heritage.

The proposed development will have a beneficial impact on the setting of the designated heritage asset,

Scotia Public House (Grade II listed building).

The site lies immediately adjacent to the projected line of a Roman road and close to the Roman period

civilian settlement and cemetery. In the early 20th century a large theatre was constructed on the site

which was then destroyed in 1941 as a result of German incendiary bombing. The site was redeveloped as

a fire station and multi-storey car park in the 1960s. The car park was closed in 1997 and eventually

demolished in 2006. The Site has been in use as a surface car park since that date.

Whilst it is likely that archaeological remains dating to the Roman period may have been present on the

Site, it is likely that 20th century development will have severely truncated them. There is some potential

for remains of the 20th century theatre to be present, although these are also likely to have suffered

significant impacts from the construction of the car park.

A programme of archaeological monitoring is recommended during site investigations and initial

groundworks to determine the presence or absence of archaeological remains.



1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1.1 Prospect Archaeology Ltd has been appointed by Muse Developments to prepare a Desk-

Based Heritage Assessment to accompany their planning application for A2 (financial and

professional services) and B1(a) (office) uses. This report considers the known or suspected

built heritage and archaeological remains lying within and adjacent to the proposed

development Site.

2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION 2.1.1 The Site is located on the northern side of South Shields city centre between Mile End Road

and the subway rail line. It is bounded to the south by Stanhope Road and to the north by

further car parking. It measures approximately 0.2ha, centred on NGR NZ363673.

3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 3.1.1 The bedrock of the Site comprises Pennine Middle Coal Measures of mudstone, siltstone and

sandstone. Devensian (Diamicton) Till is recorded as overlying the bedrock in this location

(http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html).

4.0 STATUTORY AND PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT

4.1 National Policy

4.1.1 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was published on 27 March 2012, coming

into immediate effect and replacing all previous Planning Policy Guidance notes (PPGs) and

Planning Policy Statements (PPSs). Set out below is a summary of the relevant NPPF guidance

in Section 12 ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’ as it relates to

archaeology only.

4.1.2 Section 12 provides guidance on the treatment of archaeological remains within the

planning process. Whilst it is recognised that important remains should be retained, the

benefits of development may be considered to outweigh the benefit of retention, especially

where remains of less than national importance are concerned. Early consideration of the

potential for ‘heritage assets’ is advised.

4.1.3 Paragraph 128 states: In determining applications, local planning authorities should require

an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any

contribution made by their setting. ......... As a minimum the relevant historic environment



record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate

expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has

the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning

authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and,

where necessary, a field evaluation.

In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of:

the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them

to viable uses consistent with their conservation;

the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable

communities including their economic vitality; and

the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and

distinctiveness.

4.1.4 Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance

of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can

be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public

benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply:

the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and

no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate

marketing that will enable its conservation; and

conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably

not possible; and

the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use.

4.1.5 Local planning authorities should make information about the significance of the historic

environment gathered as part of plan-making or development management publicly

accessible. They should also require developers to record and advance understanding of the

significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to

their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated)

publicly accessible.

4.2 Other National Policy and Guidance

4.2.1 The National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG) was published by the Department for

Communities and Local Government in March 2014 and provides guidance for planners and

communities which will help deliver high quality development and sustainable growth in



England. In terms of heritage, guidance entitled ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic

environment’ sets out information with respect to the following:

• the recognition of the appropriate conservation of heritage assets forming one of the

‘Core Planning Principles’ that underpin the planning system;

• what the main legislative framework for planning and the historic environment is

(Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990; Ancient Monuments and

Archaeological Areas Act 1979; and Protection of Wrecks Act 1973);

• a definition of ‘significance’;

• why significance is important in decision-taking;

• the considerations of designated and non-designated assets;

• the identification of non-designated heritage assets; and

• the considerations for when applications for planning permission are required to

consult or notify English Heritage.

4.3 Local Policy Guidance

1.1.1 The South Tyneside Local Development Framework (LDF) is the current Local Plan. It comprises

a portfolio of statutory Development Plan Documents (the Core Strategy, the Development

Management Policies Development Plan Document and the South Shields Town Centre &

Waterfront Area Action Plan) and Supplementary Planning Documents. All documents have been

adopted.

4.3.1 The emerging South Tyneside Local Plan is currently in the early stages of preparation, and

will bring together the Council’s LDF Core Strategy and Development Management Policies

DPDs. Public consultation on strategic growth scenarios for the Borough was carried out

through a questionnaire in June and July 2015, and adoption of the emerging Local Plan is

anticipated for 2018. However, as this document is not at an advanced stage, it is not

considered that significant weight can be attached to it in the determination of the

application.

5.0 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA

5.1 Buried Heritage

5.1.1 The buried heritage (archaeology) has been considered through desk-based assessment and

a site visit. A full list of referenced sources is provided and references are given. Staff at Tyne

& Wear Museum Service Historic Environment Record gave advice and information about



known archaeological sites of interest in the vicinity of the study area, and where relevant,

these were further investigated. Relevant primary and secondary sources held in the

Discovery Museum, Newcastle have been consulted. Additional sources consulted included:

information available on a variety of internet sites including, The National Archives

(http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/) and the Archaeology Data Service

(http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/); the Heritage Gateway (www.heritagegateway.org.uk); and

data from Pastscape (www.pastscape.org.uk). A full list of sites accessed can be found

in the Bibliography section;

cartographic sources held by the Ordnance Survey and promap (www.promap.co.uk);

A site visit was undertaken by Nansi Rosenberg on October 10th 2016.

5.1.2 The historical development of the Site has been established through reference to these

sources and is described in the Baseline Conditions section of this report. This has been used

to identify areas of potential archaeological interest. Each area of archaeological potential

has been assessed for its archaeological significance in geographical terms, although it

should be noted that despite the national policy guidance’s reliance on geographical

significance, there is no statutory definition for these classifications :

International – cultural properties in the World Heritage List, as defined in the operational

guidelines for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention;

National – sites or monuments of sufficient archaeological/historical merit to be designated

as Scheduled Ancient Monuments. Other sites or monuments may also be considered of

national importance but not appropriate for scheduling due to current use(s) or because

they have not yet been fully assessed;

Regional – sites and monuments of archaeological or historical merit that are well preserved

or good examples of regional types or that have an increased value due to their group

associations, regional rarity or historical associations.

Local – sites and monuments of archaeological or historical interest but that are truncated

or isolated from their original context and are of limited use in furthering archaeological or

historical knowledge.

Negligible – areas of extremely limited or no archaeological or historic interest. These

commonly include areas of major modern disturbance such as quarries, deep basements etc.

http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/



5.1.3 The concluding chapter of this document summarises the findings, and provides an opinion

on the potential for archaeological remains to be identified, the likely importance of such

remains should they exist and the likely impact of the proposed development.

Recommendations for further work are provided.

5.2 Built Heritage

5.2.1 Built heritage includes listed buildings, conservation areas, registered parks and gardens,

and scheduled monuments. It also includes non-listed buildings of local architectural or

historic interest which are included in the Historic Environment Record. All statutorily

protected built heritage assets are of national importance.

5.2.2 The historic built environment is assessed in accordance with the procedures set out in

Historic England Advice Notes. Of particular significance in this report is The Setting of

Heritage Assets, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: 3 (Historic England

2015). Within this document a staged approach is proposed:

Step 1: identify which heritage assets and their settings are affected

Step 2: assess whether, how and to what degree these settings make a contribution to

the significance of the heritage asset

Step 3: assess the effects of the proposed development, whether beneficial or harmful,

on that significance

Step 4: explore the way to maximise enhancement and avoid or minimise harm

Step 5: make and document the decision and monitor outcomes

6.0 BASELINE CONDITIONS 6.1.1 The assessment of existing conditions has been based on a ‘study area’ extending 500m from

the boundary of the proposed development. This enables the significance of existing and

potential archaeological features to be considered in their local, regional and national

contexts.

6.1.2 The source of the monuments (Figure 2; Appendix 1) noted in the following text are from

the Tyne & Wear Museum Service Historic Environment Record (HER) and the National

Heritage List for England (NHL) and have the prefixes HER or NHL. Known and suspected

archaeological remains are summarised and discussed in the following section with a short



list of the closest heritage assets provided in Table 1. Full lists of monument and point data

for the 500m search area are provided in Appendix 1.

6.2 Designated Heritage Assets

Step 1: Identification

6.2.1 There are no designated heritage assets within the site. Within the 500m search area there

are 30 designated heritage assets, of which 26 are Grade II listed buildings. The remaining

three comprise the Grade I listed building of Church of St Hilda (NHL 1232156), the Grade I

listed Old Town Hall (NHL 1232158), the Roman Fort, South Shields (NHL 1005910) and part

of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Hadrian’s Wall) (NHL

1000098), which also incorporates the scheduled fort.

6.2.2 A heritage assessment has been prepared by Turley in support of this application (Turley

2016). This concludes that the only designated heritage asset that would be affected by

development is The Scotia Public House (NHL 1232248).

Step 2: Assessment of contribution of setting

6.2.3 The Site is currently a surface car park, devoid of significant features either positive or

negative. It makes no appreciable contribution to the settings of any designated heritage

assets.

Table 1: Designated Heritage Assets within 1km of the Site

NHL No Name / description Type -Grade

1000098 Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Hadrian's Wall) WHS

1005910 Roman fort, South Shields SAM

1231574 16, Barrington Street LB II

1231575 1, Beach Road LB II


1231577 21 And 21a, Beach Road LB II

1231674 3 And 3a, Beach Road LB II



1232150 South Shields Museum and Art Gallery LB II

1232151 67 And 69, King Street LB II



1232152 Lloyds Bank LB II

1232153 Alum House Ham (Tyne Dock Engineering Company Limited) LB II

1232156 Church of St Hilda LB I

1232157 Sundial to South West of Church of St Hilda LB II

1232158 Old Town Hall LB I

1232159 Church of St Stephen LB II

1232198 Barclays Bank LB II

1232227 Four Gate Piers Immediately to West of Church of St Hilda LB II

1232248 The Scotia Public House LB II

1232318 The Former Marine School (Ocean Road Annexe) LB II

1232945 Victoria Hall LB II

1277135 Wall and Railings of the Museum and Art Gallery Fronting Road LB II

1277214 Entrance Building of the Former Theatre of Varieties LB II

1277483 Trustee Savings Bank LB II


1277485 29, 31 And 33, Beach Road LB II

1393666 Stag's Head Public House LB II

6.3 Undesignated Heritage Assets

Prehistoric Period (10,000BC – 43AD)

6.3.1 No prehistoric finds are recorded within the study area although excavations of the site of

the Roman fort in the 1990s identified Iron Age activity including a roundhouse, agricultural

activity and pits, indicating a pre-Roman Iron Age settlement in that location. Other

prehistoric material has been found on occasion around the town suggesting settlement

from at least the Neolithic.

Roman Period (43AD to 410AD)

6.3.2 A fort known as Arbeia was established on the headland called The Lawe to the north east

of the Site in c. AD 160. It is protected as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site ‘Frontiers

of the Roman Empire (Hadrian’s Wall)’ (WHS 1000098) for its military role of protecting the

mouth of the River Tyne and as a supply base for the 17 forts along Hadrian’s Wall

(http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia/about-us.html). The World Heritage Site Buffer

Zone around the fort also protects the later civilian settlement (vicus) and cemetery that

extend south and west from the fort, lying within 50m of the Site boundary.



6.3.3 A road known as Wrekendyke, connecting the fort to the main north-south route from

Chester-le-Street to the Tyne, passes immediately to the north east of the Site (HER277). A

large number of reused Roman stones along Corporation Road and decorating the

roundabout may indicate the former presence of significant Roman activity in the vicinity

(HER 5189 & 5190). These stones have ‘lewis’ holes in them indicating they were lifted by

an early crane system as well as chisel facing and drill holes. A single 4th century coin is the

closest definite Roman find within the search area (HER 1903). Also potentially having a

Roman period origin in the search area are a pottery vessel of unknown provenance (HER

922) and an undated stone bearing Greek inscriptions (HER 940).

Early Medieval & Medieval (5th – 16th centuries)

6.3.4 Parts of the fort were occupied at least into the 5th century, with evidence of resurfacing of

the granary and quarrying of the metalling around it (HER 915) as well as burials cut into the

surface of the approach road (HER 916). Although no evidence for 7th century activity has

been found, tradition claims Arbeia as the birthplace of Oswin, the Anglo-Saxon king of Deira.

6.3.5 It is recorded that St Aidan established a church in South Shields in AD647 and placed it in

the charge of St Hilda. The most probably location of the early church is the site of the

current Church of St Hilda (HER8078). The 9th century historian Bede recorded that St Aidan

gave St Hilda land to the north of the River Tyne and “a monastery lying towards the south,

not far from the mouth of the river Tyne, at that time consisting of monks, but

now…inhabited by a noble company of virgin, dedicated to Christ…” (HER 274). No other

records of this establishment exist and it is likely that it was largely destroyed by the Danes

in the 9th century. However, the parish, formerly known as Westoe, was recorded in the

possession of the prior and convent of Durham in the 12th century and there is evidence for

a Saxon building below the present nave

(http://www.communigate.co.uk/ne/sthildassouthshields/index.phtml). The establishment

of the monastery seems to coincide with the abandonment of the fort as the centre of

settlement at South Shields. The focus shifted to the Mill Dam (HER 2591), a tidal inlet, and

the riverside area whilst the area of the fort became open fields until the 19th century.

6.3.6 The town was certainly extant by the mid-13th century, known at that time as Suthseles.

Disputes are recorded between South Shields and Newcastle over trading rights (Turner &

Townsend 2009). Sea and river fishing are also recorded in the 12th century, although the

precise location of fisheries is unknown (HER 4485) and despite an order being made



between the town of Newcastle and the Prior and Convent at Durham in the 13th century

that South Shields should have no quays and no ships berthing there, by the 15th century

there were numerous fish-houses and staithes constructed (HER 945).

6.3.7 The town continued to grow through the medieval period, centred on the Mill Dam inlet,

which fed the corn mill, and extending north and south along the riverside. 17th century

maps show this layout, with the church located on the hillside to the east of the town

(Gardner 1654, reproduced in HER 945). Salt panning was a major industry during the

medieval period, and would have required a waterside location.

6.3.8 In addition to the water mill at Mill Dam, 16th century records indicate the presence of a

windmill nearby and in the same ownership (HER 948). Post-medieval and modern

development and reclamation have removed all trace of the early layout and altered the

topography. Ridge and furrow seen near the Church of St Hilda provides evidence that this

area east of the riverside was largely agricultural in the early medieval / post-medieval

periods (HER 12734) and it seems likely that the same was true of the Site throughout the

medieval period.

Post-medieval – Modern Periods (mid-16th – present)

6.3.9 The post-medieval and modern development of South Shields is largely industrial in nature.

Salt panning was an important local industry but through the 18th century, glass

manufacturing developed on the river front and the town expanded eastwards into the

current market site. The market place was established by the Prior and Convent of Durham

in 1767, to replace a street market that had been held in the town for many years. The Old

Town Hall was constructed by Durham at this time to provide a market hall, manorial court

and offices but incorporates an earlier market cross (HER 4597). Certainly the cross is

depicted on Richardson’s 1768 Plan of South Shields and Westoe (reproduced in HER 945).

It is unknown whether there was centralised planning elsewhere in the town at this time,

although it is clear the focus for industrial activities such as glassmaking and salt panning

relied heavily on a waterfront location. There was also a need for access to shipping for the

distribution of coals from the County Durham mines. Newcastle attempted to restrict South

Shield’s trading capabilities throughout the post-medieval period but the town had a

monopoly of salt production on the east coast. In fact, much of the trouble with trading on

the Tyne was a result of Newcastle’s lack of action to make the river navigable for larger



ships, which allowed the Wear to dominate until after it was significantly improved in the

1860s (https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/10443/192/2/ross82v2.pdf).

6.3.10 In the post-medieval and modern periods, the archaeological potential of an urban site is

better understood through concentrating on the study site itself and immediately adjacent

buildings. The Fowler Street and Keppel Street junction has been the central axis of the town

since at least the 18th century around which the rest of the town centre has developed,

moving from a rural to an urban character during that time.

6.3.11 The site was initially developed for timber yards and a coke depot associated with the

railway. A Particular Baptist Chapel was constructed in the northern part of the Site in the

late 19th century but by 1913 all of these early developments had been cleared to make way

for the magnificent Queen’s Theatre. The theatre appears to have been built for and owned

by the Thompson family, a local engineering firm. The Queens was large enough to hold an

audience of up to 2,400 with a 40-foot square stage that showed both music hall numbers

and films. It was destroyed in the devastating bombing of 9th April, 1941 that saw 6,000

incendiary bombs dropped on South Shields

(http://www.miketodd.net/tree/archives/queens/index.htm).

Plate 1: The Queen's Theatre in 1913 when it first opened (http://www.miketodd.net/tree/archives/queens/index.htm)



Plate 2: The Queen's Theatre after the fire caused by German bombing in 1941 (http://www.miketodd.net/tree/archives/queens/index.htm)

6.3.12 Although no plans of the building have been found, it is extremely likely that the theatre had

basements for changing rooms, storage and stage access.

6.3.13 A multi-storey car park was built on the site in the 1960s but closed in 1997 due to structural

issues and was eventually demolished in 2006 following the closure of the last business on

the ground floor of the structure. The Site has been undeveloped since demolition of the

multi-storey car park.

6.4 Map regression

South Shields Tithe Map 1827

6.4.1 In 1827 the Site is shown as largely undeveloped but with a pond in or near the southern

boundary and some small enclosures in this area.

Plan of the Township of Westoe, 1841, in the Chapel of St Hilda, South Shields Parish of Jarrow

6.4.2 By 1841 the first stage of railway construction is shown to the west of the site and three

small buildings are present within the southern area where the pond and enclosure were

formerly shown. More enclosures are shown along Mile End Road suggesting that

development plots had been identified.



Ordnance Survey 1858-81

6.4.3 The buildings along the southern side of the site are identified as associated with Timber

Yards and a Coke Depot adjacent to the railway sidings to the west. In the northern area,

adjacent to Mile End Road, the Particular Baptist Chapel is shown.

Plate 3: Image of the Mile End Road multi-storey car park in the 1980s (http://www.southtynesidehistory.co.uk/archive/transport/transport-0/627516)

Ordnance Survey 1897-98

6.4.4 No substantive change to the site although the South Shields Station and approach road have

been constructed, formalising the boundaries of the Site. Three further buildings are shown

to the west and a yard to the north. The Timber Yards, Coke Depot and Particular Baptist

Chapel

Ordnance Survey 1915

6.4.5 The Queen’s Theatre has been constructed. This occupies the larger part of the Site with

smaller buildings to the north and west and a yard to the north.


6.4.6 The Site remains undeveloped following the destruction of the theatre in the Second World

War.


6.4.7 The site has been cleared in preparation for the construction of the car park




6.4.8 The maps show a large structuring occupying the entire site, labelled ‘F. Sta’ (fire station),

which occupied a ground floor unit on the Stanhope Street frontage, beneath the multi-

storey car park.

Table 2: Historic Environment Record Entries within 150m of the Site (see Figure 2)

HER No Name / description Period / date Additional designation

277 Wrenkendyke Roman road Roman

891 South Shields Vicus (civilian settlement) Roman

1903 Coin of Valentinian I Roman (4th C)

2351 Ballast Hill 19th C

2462 South Shields Railway Station 19th C LB II

2590 Tilery 18th C

4527 The Scotia Public House, Mile End Road 20th C LB II

8083 East wall of train station (train shed remains) 20th C LB II

8123 Wall & railings, Ocean Road 19th C LB II

9533 National Westminster Bank, 40 King Street 19th C LB II

9534 Edinburgh Building, 20-24 King Street 19th C Local list

9536 Criterion Public House, 2 Fowler Street 19th C Local list

9537 4-8 Fowler Street 19th C Local list

9551 Pillar box, King St / Ocean Rd / Mile End Rd 19th C

9559 The Venue, 10 Mile End Road 19th C Local list

9561 9-11 Ocean Road 20th C Local list

10938 Lion statue, Ocean Road 19th C Local list

15397 Freemasons Hall, Ingham Street 19th C

6.5 Site Visit

6.5.1 The site is currently a surface car-park exhibiting a slope from north down to the south.

Whilst low wooden fences provide boundary markers the site is generally open and

accessible on all sides.



7.0 ASSESSMENT

7.1 Designated Assets

Step 3: Effects of proposed development

7.1.1 Turley have concluded that development of this Site would have a beneficial impact on the

setting of the listed building, The Scotia Public House (NHL 1232248; Turley 2016)

Step 4: Enhancement / Avoiding Harm

7.1.2 The improved streetscape, reinstating the built form along Mile End Road, will enhance the

setting of the listed building (Turley 2016).

Step 5: Conclusions

7.1.3 There would be no direct nor indirect impacts on any designated heritage assets.

7.2 Archaeological Potential

7.2.1 The Site lies close to the vicus of the Roman fort, Arbeia, and relatively close to the known

extent of the Roman cemetery. The projected line of the Roman road passes immediately

adjacent to the northwest corner of the Site and the potential for Roman activity could be

considered high.

7.2.2 However, there has been considerable development of the Site since the early 20th century

which may have included basements to the theatre and considerable concrete foundations

to the multi-storey car park. The potential for the survival of archaeological remains is

therefore significantly limited by these later developments.

7.2.3 Evidence of Roman-period activity, either the road or roadside developments, could be of

regional significance. Evidence for the remains of the 20th century theatre would be of local

significance.

8.0 CONCLUSIONS 8.1.1 Development of the site will have a beneficial impact on the setting of the only designated

heritage asset that would be affected (Turley 2016).

8.1.2 The potential for archaeological activity is low. Whilst the Site lies immediately adjacent to

the projected line of a Roman road and close to the Roman civilian settlement and cemetery,

20th century development is likely to have severely truncated any archaeological remains

that were present on the Site.



8.1.3 A programme of archaeological monitoring during site investigations and / or initial

groundworks is recommended to assess the potential for archaeological survival of Roman

activity or the early 20th century theatre.

9.0 REFERENCES

9.1 Published Documentary Sources

Prospect Archaeology 2015 South Shields Masterplan: Archaeological Assessment

The Archaeological Practice 2016 Nexus Site, South Shields: Archaeological Desk-Based

Assessment

Turley 2016 Planning Statement (including Heritage Statement): Outline planning

application (all matters reserved) for the erection of a building for B1(a) and A2 uses

(maximum floorspace of 1,600sq m) at Mile End Road, South Shields, NE33 1TA

Williams, A & Martin, G H 2003 Domesday Book: A complete translation

9.2 Cartographic / Archival Sources

1827 Plan of South Shields

1841 Plan of the Township of Westoe in the County of Durham

Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 1897-98, 1915, 1956

Ordnance survey 1:10,000 1986

Ordnance survey 1:10,560 1858-81

9.3 Digital Sources


http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/

http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Yorkshire%20WR/Batley

http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Yorkshire%20WR/Heckmondwike

http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html

http://opendomesday.org/place/SE2424/batley/

http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/gateway/

http://www.miketodd.net/tree/archives/queens/index.htm




http://www.southtynesidehistory.co.uk/archive/transport/transport-0/627516

http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia/about-us.html

https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/10443/192/2/ross82v2.pdf

www.pastscape.org/homepage/



10.0 FIGURES



Figure 1: Site location



Figure 2: Site location & known Heritage Assets



Figure 3: South Shields Tithe Map 1827

Figure 4: Extract from 1841 Plan of the Township of Westoe



Figure 5: Ordnance Survey 1858-81



Figure 7: Ordnance Survey 1915



11.0 PLATES



Plate 4: Looking south with Mile End Road to the left and the Site to the right. The Edinburgh Building, a locally listed building, is visible on the right

Plate 5: View across the Site towards the northeast



Plate 6: From the corner of Mile End Road / Stanhope Street looking northwest towards the subway station

Plate 7: Looking west towards the subway line with the Edinburgh Building visible to the left



APPENDIX 1: HER DATA



SMR data

HER No Name / description Period / date

915 Early Medieval occupation of fort 5th C

2335 Low Dock 18th C

2336 Stanhope and Tyne Drops 19th C

2337 Fairle's Dock 19th C

2338 Young's Dock 19th C

2339 Forsythe's Dock 19th C

2340 Swineburne's Glass Works 18th C

2348 Rope works 19th C

2350 South Shields, Ballast Hill 19th C

2351 South Shields, Ballast Hill 19th C

2353 Low station 19th C

2354 Swinburne's Brick Field 19th C

2355 St.Hilda's Colliery 19th C

2355 St Hilda's Colliery Head Stocks 19th C

2379 South Shields, Brick and Tile Works 19th C

2380 South Shields, Rope Manufactory 19th C

2381 Phoenix Iron Works 19th C

2382 Oyston's Brick Field 19th C

2442 South Shields, Boat Building Yards 19th C

2443 South Shields, Engineering Works 19th C

2444 South Shields, Brewery 19th C

2445 South Shields, Ship Repairing yard 19th C

2453 South Shields, Wagon Building Works 19th C

2454 South Shields, Ship Repairing Yard 19th C

2455 South Shields, Brewery 19th C

2456 South Shields, Harton Low Staiths 19th C

2461 South Shields, Gas Works 19th C

2462 South Shields Railway Station 19th C

2463 South Shields, Brick Works 19th C

4500 16 Barrington Street (LB2) 19th C

4501 Trustee Savings Bank (LB2) 19th C

4502 South Shields, No. 1 Beach Road 19th C

4503 3 and 3A Beach Road 19th C

4504 5 Beach Road 19th C



4507 21 and 21A Beach Road 19th C


4509 29-33 Beach Road 19th C

4510 37-57 Beach Road 19th C

4517 Barclays Bank, 1 King Street 20th C



4521 Marks and Spencer, 84 and 86 King Street 19th C

4523 Nos 67 and 69 King Street 19th C

4524 Lloyds Bank, Nos 101-103 King Street 19th C

4525 Nos 105 and 107 King Street 19th C

4527 Scotia PH, Mile End Road 20th C

4528 Church of St Stephen (LB2) 19th C

4593 Market Place 18th C

8075 masonic hall, 27 Fowler Street 19th C

8078 Church of St Hilda 18th – 19th C

8084 Museum & Art Gallery 19th C

8085 Former Marine School, Ocean Road 19th C

8087 Tyne Dock Engineering Co, Ferry Street 19th C

8089 South Shields, Town Hall 20th C

8113 Victoria Hall, 117-121 Fowler Street 19th C

8123 Walls and railings of Museum and Art Gallery 19th C

8132 No. 88 King Street, Theatre of Varieties 19th C

8372 Old Town Hall 18th C

9533 South Shields, 40 King St, Nat West 19th C

9534 20 King Street, Edinburgh Building 19th C

9536 South Shields, The Criterion 19th C

9537 Nos. 4-8 Fowler Street 19th C

9539 Mechanics Arms PH 19th C

9559 10 Mile End Rd, The Venue 19th C

9560 Ship & Royal PH 19th C

9561 9-11 Ocean Road, Minchellas Cafe 20th C

9561 11-13 Ocean Road 20th C

9562 Burtons, 64 King Street 20th C

9563 Lambton Arms PH 19th C

9564 Riddicks, 22 Fowler Street 20th C

9566 HSBC, 21 Fowler Street 20th C

9678 St. Aidans church 19th C

10853 South Shields Synagogue 20th C

10899 Man with the Donkey 20th C

10938 lion statue 19th C

11714 barrage balloon site 20th C

12734 ridge and furrow

13370 35-37 King Street 19th C

14395 ferry landing 20th C

14396 29-33 King Street 19th C

14397 100-108 King Street (Woolworths) 20th C

14398 Bridge PH 19th C

14431 River Drive Bridge 20th C

14438 gas holder 19th C



15361 Baitul Ma'Mur Jame-e-Masjid and Islamic Centre 20th C

15362 3-5 Baring Street, Bangladesh Muslim Cultural Association 20th C

15397 Freemasons Hall 19th C

15749 Congregational Church 19th C

15750 Schools 19th C

15751 Electric Theatre 20th C

15752 Sunday School 19th C

15753 Savoy Cinema 20th C

15754 Crown Assembly Hall 20th C

15755 Plaza Cinema 20th C

16443 public toilet 20th C

16513 St.Hilda's Churchyard 18th C

16770 Presbyterian Chapel 19th C

16773 St Stephens National School 19th C

17247 Meth Chapel 19th C

17436 Roman occupational evidence 3rd C

17436 Roman occupational evidence 3rd C



Point data

HER No Name / description Period / date

274 South Shields Anglian Monastery Early Medieval

274 South Shields Anglian Monastery Early Medieval

838 Flint spearhead or axe Prehistoric

840 wing-flanged axe Prehistoric

866 South Shields, animal bones Unknown

892 South Shields vicus, Roman altar Roman

894 South Shields vicus, Roman altar Roman

896 South Shields vicus, Roman tombstone Roman



899 South Shields vicus, pine cone funerary monument Roman



918 South Shields Vicus, Roman coins Roman

920 Gold coin of Magnus Maximus Roman

921 South Shields vicus, pipeclay statuette Roman

922 South Shields, pottery vessel Unknown

923 Linen smoother & mortarium Roman?

926 South Shields, bone chape Roman

940 Greek inscribed stone Undetermined

943 South Shields, Denmark St, supposed viking boat Unknown

1885 Sculptured stone & stone trough Roman

1886 Roman coin, skull & human remains Roman

1887 Wall of Roman tiles Roman

1888 Female skeleton and grave goods Roman

1889 Two parallel Roman roads/paths Roman

1890 Stone coffin & skeleton Roman

1891 Samian ware Roman

1892 Silver coin of Titus Roman

1893 Roman stone lined well Roman



1902 Ford? water worn boulders Roman?

1903 Coin of Valentinian I Roman

2352 South Shields, Corn Mill Early Modern

2446 South Shields, Saw Mills Early Modern

2590 South Shields, Tilery Post Medieval

2590 C18 tilery - NGR not known Post Medieval

4483 ballast hills Post Medieval

4487 Ballast Quay Post Medieval

4488 Quay Post Medieval

4492 Methodist meeting house Early Modern

4590 Mr Thompson's Timber Yard Post Medieval

4595 Site of Primitive Methodist church Early Modern

4597 Market Cross Post Medieval

4598 Brewer's well Post Medieval

4599 Mill Dam, bridge Post Medieval

5189 Roman stones bordering flowerbed Roman

5190 Roman stones on roundabout Roman

6898 Mile End Road, coin of Constantius II Roman

7832 South Shields, tilery Post Medieval

8079 sundial Post Medieval

8081 gate-piers, Church of St Hilda Post Medieval

8083 East wall of train shed including tile wall Modern

8490 South Shields, pottery Post Medieval

9538 South Shields, Fowler Street, Stags Head PH Early Modern

9549 South Shields, King Street/Market Place, pillar box Early Modern

9551 South Shields, pillar box Early Modern

10894 Dolly Peel Modern

10938 Lion Statue Early Modern

11190 war memorial Modern

11191 war memorial Modern

11981 street shrine Modern

12894 Roman wall and animal bones Roman



15331 font Post Medieval

16444 air raid shelters NGR not known Modern

16748 bone heddle frame Roman

16750 intaglio of red jasper Roman